Name: ALPS Target - HISTORYhistory-groby.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/5/6/29562653/weimar_republic... ·...

Name: ALPS Target:

GCSE Grade (if applicable): AS ALPS target: Personal target:

Based on your overall GCSE

performance: what is your

most important skills and study

targets for studying this essay

based topic next year.

SKILL TARGET:

STUDY TARGET:

Russia Skills Strongly Agree Agree Neither

Agree nor

disagree

Disagree Strongly

disagree

AO1a: I can use a wide range of

accurate and relevant evidence.

AO1a: I can accurately and

confidently use appropriate

historical terminology.

AO1a: I can create clearly

structured and coherent answers

to questions.

AO1a: I can communicate

accurately and legibly.

AO1b: I understand how to

analyse key concepts (continuity/

change/ causation/ significance)

within their historical context.

AO1b: I can produce excellent

synthesis (drawing links between

different rulers across a time

period).

AO1b: I can produce a thorough

synoptic assessment (a judgement

over a whole time period).

AO1b: I understand different

interrelationships across different

areas and can support these

connections.

Study skills: I can take

responsibility for my own

learning, seek information and

clarification independently and

know when to ask for help.

Study skills: I can keep up to date

with deadlines and stay organised.

During the course of this theme, you will be

using a learning technique called Building

Learning Power which is all about helping you

learn better.

It works by developing your ability to learn

through exercising four different learning

muscles. This booklet is designed to help you

identify your four learning muscles and work

with them.

The four different learning muscles seen in the

brain opposite will have an image to help you

identify them throughout the booklet.

Resilience: Engaging with the learning, absorption in the task; managing distractions,

persevering; being prepared to get it wrong and learn from mistakes and sticking at it; even

when it is hard.

Resourcefulness: Questioning; making links; imagining; reasoning; capitalising on

the resources you have available and using them well.

Reflectiveness: Planning your learning; revising, monitoring and adapting; distilling (drawing out

lessons from experience) and meta-learning (understanding learning and how you learn).

Reciprocity: Being ready, willing and able to learn alone and with others; balancing

self reliance and sociability; collaborating; recognising and improving skills such as empathy

and listening; imitation (picking up others’ skills, habits and values).

Aspect of the Topic Confidence Level? Target

Consequences of the First World

War

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles

The Weimar Constitution

Coalitions

Communist Revolts

The Kapp Putsch

The Munich Putsch

Invasion of the Ruhr, Hyperinflation,

Stresemann, Dawes and Young

Plans

‘Golden Years’

1929 and the Impact of the Great

Depression

Essay Title Mark /50 Grade Key Target

Using pages 8-13 of your textbook complete the boxes with what you find out about the end of the First World War and Germany

What reasons for losing WWI were the fault of

Germany?

What were the reactions of the German people? What happened to Kaiser Wilhelm II (or William II)?

What did Ebert do? And how successfully?

What did the left and right do? How did the Weimar Constitution come to be drafted?

What future problems for Germany can you see in store?

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain what the impact of the Treaty of Versailles was on post-war Germany �.

Success Criteria

1. Ao1a: to be able to describe the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and how they affected Germany �.

2. Ao1b: to be able to assess the consequences of these terms for Germany and to consider how they might

affect the Weimar Republic’s chances of survival �.

Task 1: Germany’s hopes for the Treaty of Versailles and what actually happened. Annotate the hopes that Germany had for the Treaty of Versailles with what actually happened to them. Use

pages 14-16 of the textbook.

a) Assess their level of disappointment or joy at the difference in their terms with smiley/ frowny faces.

Germany hoped that they would be able to protect the

economy of their country. While they were happy to pay

reparations for the areas of Belgium and Northern France

that had been devastated by WWI, they were not

expecting to pay more than that.

Germany were prepared to give Alsace-Lorraine (which

they had taken from France after the Franco-Prussian

War 1870-71) back to France, and also to give some

territory to the new state of Poland. They hoped,

however, that Austria and other German speaking areas

of the former empire (the Hapsburg) would be allowed to

become part of the German Reich.

The Germans were expecting to have a key role in the

League of Nations (a fraternity of nations working

together to ensure the devastation of WWI would not

happen again) and to remain to be seen as a powerful

and influential nation.

They hoped to negotiate a moderate peace with the

Allies and the USA.

b) The Germans considered the Treaty of Versailles to be a Diktat. To what extent do you think that is true?

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Task 2: The Consequences of the Treaty for Germany

a) German reactions to the Treaty. What do the following suggest the Germans thought of the Treaty?

Caption: Shiedemann and Erzberger as backstabbers. The text under the “stabbing gentlemen” says “That’s you, you villain!”. The text in the bottom right says “Germans, remember”. Cartoon reprinted in 1924.

The German government accompanied the signature of the Treaty with the following statement

...Surrendering to superior force but without retracting its opinion regarding the unheard of injustice of the peace

conditions, the government of the German Republic declares its readiness to accept and sign the peace

conditions imposed by the Allied and Associated governments.

b) What problems do you think lie in store for Germany as a result of this Treaty? Use these sources and the

information in your textbook (on page 16) to answer this question.

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c) Is there any hope for Germany?

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c) Did they deserve the Treaty of Versailles?

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1919 cartoon from the

German magazine

Simplissimus.

Caption to this

German cartoon

“When we have paid one hundred billion

marks, then I can give

you something to

eat”.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain why the features of the Weimar Constitution would cause problems for the new Weimar

government �.

Success Criteria

1. Ao1a: To be able to describe some key features of the Weimar Constitution �.

2. Ao1b: To be able to explain why those key features could be problematic for Germany �.

3. Ao1b: To be able to evaluate whether the Weimar Constitution would “doom” the new government from the beginning �.

Task 1: Key Features of the New Weimar Constitution

These are some of the key features of the New Weimar Constitution. Describe what they are, how they

get elected etc. See what you can remember from your summer work and see if you can identify what

we still need to go over.

President

Chancellor Reichstag

Reichsrat

Article 48

Proportional Representation

Plebiscites

Judiciary Bureaucracy

1. In your pairs, create your answers.

2. In groups, try to complete more answers/ improve answers.

3. Any you are missing, can you find the answers in your textbook?

Task 2: Problems with the Weimar Constitution

You have a diagram of the “reasons for hope” of the Weimar Constitution and the “threat’s to its survival. Annotate your diagram with explanations of why the Weimar Constitution should hope, or should feel threatened.

Task 3: Use the textbook (page 17-19) and what you have picked up from today’s discussion to draw a conclusion. Is the Weimar Constitution a document that doomed the new government? (Continue on lined paper)

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Learning Objectives

To be able to assess the threat level of the Left and the Right to the Weimar Republic �.

Success Criteria

1. Ao1a: To be able to describe the threats from the left and right wing �.

2. Ao1a: To use and understand key historical terminology- e.g. left and right wing �.

3. Ao1b: To be able to evaluate the threat level presented to Weimar � and evaluate the level of success that

Weimar had in overcoming the threat level from left and right �.

4. Ao1b: To be able to evaluate whether this is more evidence that the new government was “doomed” from

the beginning �.

Task 1: The First Left Wing Revolt: The Spartacists Uprising

a) Why was the Weimar government not more left wing from the beginning? What does this table showing you the

German left-wing movement reveal to you?

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Look at page 12 of your textbook. What happened to the Spartacists between 5-12 January 1919? Summarise it

briefly below.

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Moderate Socialists Radical Socialists Revolutionary Socialists

Party names SPD (German Social

Democratic Party)

USPD (German Independent

Social Democratic Party)

Spartacists (Spartacus League)

Aim To establish a socialist

republic (a society that

aims to introduce social

changes for the collective

benefit)

To create a socialist republic

governed by workers’ and soldiers’ councils in conjunction with a

parliament.

To create a soviet republic (a

communist state organised by

workers’ councils and opposed to

private ownership) based on the

rule of workers’ and soldiers’ councils.

Leaders Friedrich Ebert, Philipp

Scheidemann

Karl Kautsky, Hugo Haase Rosa Luxembourg, Karl

Liebknecht

Task 2: The Threat from the Extreme Left

Using pages 34-35 of your Access to History reading, complete the KPD spider diagram below.

Task 3: The Extreme Right

a) What did they stand for? Use your Access to History reading (page 36-37) to complete the explain the following

beliefs held by the Extreme Right.

Anti-Democracy

Anti-Marxism

Authoritarianism

Nationalism

b) Complete the extreme right spider diagram using pages 36-37 of your reading. It will help you understand the

different groups.

c) The Uprisings of the Extreme Right

The Kapp Putsch: March 1920. In the boxes below, create a storyboard of the events of the Kapp Putsch. It should

include i. the reasons for the putsch, ii. the events of the putsch, iii. the response to the putsch, and iv. why the

putsch collapsed.

Answer these questions about the aftermath of the Kapp Putsch

i. How could the Kapp Putsch be seen as a success for the Weimar Republic?

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............................................................................................................................. ....................... ii. How could it be viewed as a failure?

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............................................................................................................................. ....................... iii. Why were the actions of the army such a concern for the Weimar government?

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.......................................................................................................................... .......................... iv. How did they fail to solve the problem of the army? (include the phrase ‘state within a state’ and what that

means).

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............................................................................................................................. ....................... v. How did the judiciary show that they were against the Weimar Republic during this period of uprisings?

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d) The Munich Putsch 8-9 November 1923

You are going to watch a section of a DVD (from a film called Hitler: The Rise of Evil) which shows the events of the

Munich Beer Hall Putsch. Make any notes that show similar issues to those of the Kapp Putsch in this box.

Bullet point the events of the Putsch in the box below. Use pages 41-43 to create them.

Read the section on the aftermath of the Munich Putsch in your handout (page 43) and see if you can add any

similarities to those issues in the Kapp Putsch in the box from the DVD.

e) Conclusion on the Threats from Right and Left

Read the section in your reading titled Weimar Democracy: A Republic without Republicans before you draw your

conclusions. You may find it helps you to highlight any important points on it. Make sure you explain your

conclusions with reference to what you have read.

i. Of the right and the left which side was the most threatening to Weimar democracy?

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ii. Why do you think that Weimar survived these threats from both sides?

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iii. What do you think the long term effects were to Weimar’s stability?

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Learning Objectives

To be able to evaluate how successfully the Weimar Republic recovered from hyperinflation of the early 1920s �.

Success Criteria

Getting to the Top Band

1. Describe the effects of hyperinflation in the early

1920s (Ao1a) �.

2. Explain the causes of hyperinflation in the early 1920s

(Ao1b) �.

2. Get analytical- analyse the relative significance of the

causes of hyperinflation. Link it to other problems that

Weimar had �.

3. To be able to describe how the problem of

hyperinflation was solved by the Weimar Republic

(Ao1a) �.

3 (and 1). Get detailed- use a wide range of detail in your

notes so you can use a wide range of evidence in your

essays �.

4. To be able to evaluate the success of the solutions to

hyperinflation (Ao1b) �.

4. Get analytical with evidence- substantiated

conclusions require application of your detailed

knowledge to your evaluation �.

Supplementary Information: What is inflation? And what is hyperinflation?

Inflation is the rate of increase in prices for goods and services. It is usually expressed as a percentage. For

example, a Cadbury’s Freddo used to cost 10p and in five years went up 100% to cost 20p.

Hyperinflation is extremely rapid or out of control increase in prices. Prices rise exceptionally high and more and

more money is printed, devaluing the currency- effectively watering down the currency (like adding too much water

to orange squash).

What happened in Weimar Germany?

These sources below show you some of the things that happened in

Weimar Germany.

Cadbury’s Freddo: 100% inflation in 5 years. No wonder there is an angry Facebook group campaigning

for a reduction.

A woman, burning money instead of

buying fuel. 1923.

Task 1: The Causes of Hyperinflation

On a piece of lined, plain or A3 paper create a timeline that explains the long term, medium term and short term

causes of hyperinflation.

Remember the top of the mark scheme success criteria: can you show that in your work? (Get analytical- analyse

the relative significance of the causes of hyperinflation. Link it to other problems that Weimar had).

Task 2: Homework, The Consequences of Hyperinflation

a) Find (using the textbook, class reading, and the Internet) the consequences of Hyperinflation and complete the

table that describes: a) Those who were not badly affected by hyperinflation. b) Those who were badly affected by

hyperinflation.

Those who were not badly affected by hyperinflation (or

even gained from hyperinflation) -

Those who were badly affected by hyperinflation. /

b) Find 3 personal stories of hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and write them up as though they were a short

newspaper article from the time.

HEADLINE: HEADLINE: HEADLINE:

Task 3: The work of Gustav Stresemann

In August of 1923, Stresemann was appointed as the German Chancellor. Weimar was beset by problems but by

1924, had entered a period of relative stability and calm?

Read page 56-57 and complete the following diagram.

Remember: substantiate your conclusions, detailed evidence and evaluate those strategies!

Think short term and long term consequences of Stresemann’s actions. Remember to tick off your success criteria!

The Dawes Plan 1924

The reorganisation of German currency

One new Rentenmark was to be worth 1billion of

the old marks and a new German national bank,

the Reichsbank was to be set up, under Allied

supervision.

An international loan of 800 million gold marks to

aid German economic recovery was to be

financed mainly by the USA.

New arrangements for the payment of reparations

were made: annually, at a fixed scale over a

longer period.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain how the economy stabilised during the Golden Years (1924-1929) of Weimar � and to evaluate

their level of success �

Success Criteria

1. (Ao1a) To be able to describe the different aspects of the Weimar Economy and explain how it improved �

2. (Ao1b) To be able to evaluate whether the economy genuinely improved �

Challenge Criteria

Create a Weimar Problem List. Identify where the Weimar Republic is simply storing up trouble for the future by

creating a list on a Post-It note of trouble lying ahead for Weimar.

Task 1: Weimar’s Previous Problems

Make a list of the problems that Weimar Germany has had before 1924. How many do you think will still have

repercussions in the future?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Task 2: The Rentenmark and the Solution to Germany’s Economic Problems

After the readings is a Rentenmark. This is what you are going to use to record the

various different policies designed to stabilise the economy.

Use the reading you are given and the textbook (pages 28-29) to complete your

banknote.

Reading number 1: The Dawes Plan

As chancellor, Stresemann had called off ‘passive resistance’ and agreed to resume the payment of reparations. The result of this was the US backed Dawes

Plan (as it was developed with US economist Charles

Dawes) which has been described as a ‘victory for

financial realism’. Despite opposition from the right wing it was accepted in 1924.

Although the Dawes Plan left the actual sum to be

paid unchanged, the monthly instalments over the first

five years were calculated according to Germany’s capacity to pay. Furthermore, it provided a large loan

to Germany to aid economic recovery.

For Stresemann, its advantages were many. For the first

time since WWI, Germany’s economic problems received international recognition. Germany gained

credit for the cash starved German economy by means of the loan and subsequent investments and it

resulted in a French promise to evacuate the Ruhr during 1925. Relations between Germany and France

improved. However, the new system was dangerously depend on the continuation of American loans. In

attempting to break out of the crisis of 1923, Stresemann had linked Germany’s fortunes to powerful external forces which had dramatic effects after 1929.

Stresemann in 1928 “Germany is dancing on a volcano. If the short term

credits are called in, a large section of

our economy would collapse”.

Reading number 2: Social Welfare

There were striking improvements in the provision of social welfare. The principles of a welfare state were

written into the new Weimar Constitution and in the early 1920s generous pensions and sickness benefits

were introduced. In 1927, a compulsory unemployment insurance covering 17 million workers was created,

which was the largest scheme of its kind in the world. In addition, state subsidies were provided for the

construction of local amenities such as parks, schools, sports facilities and especially council housing. All

these developments, alongside the more obvious signs of wealth, such as the increasing number of cars

and the growth of the cinema industry, supported the view that the Weimar Republic’s economy was enjoying boom conditions. However, it should be borne in mind that the social costs had economic

implications.

Reading number 3: Strengths and weaknesses of the Weimar economy

In spite of the loss of the resources as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, heavy industry was able to recover

reasonably quickly and, by 1928, production levels reached those of 1913. This was the result of the use of

more efficient methods of production, particularly in coal-mining and steel manufacture, and also because

of increased investment. Foreign bankers were particularly attracted by Germany’s high interest rates.

At the same time, Germany had the advantage of being able to lower costs because of the growing

number of cartels (an arrangement between businesses to control the market by exercising a joint

monopoly) which had better purchasing power than smaller industries. For example, IG Farben, the

chemicals giant, became the largest manufacturing enterprise in Europe, whilst Verinigte Stahlwerke

combined the coal, iron and steel interests of Germany’s great industrial companies and grew to control nearly half of all production.

Between 1925 and 1929, German exports rose by 40%. Such economic progress brought social benefits as

well. Hourly wage rates rose every year from 1924-1930 and by as much as 5-10% in 1927 and 1928.

From the statistics for 1924-9, it is easy to get an impression of the ‘golden twenties. However the actual rate of German recovery was unclear.

x There was economic growth but it was uneven, and in 1926, production actually declined. In

overseas trade, the value of imports always exceeded that of exports.

x Unemployment never fell below 1.3million in this period. And even before 1929, this was felt the

number of unemployed workers averaged 1.9 million in 1929.

x In agriculture, grain production was still only three quarters of its 1913 figure and farmers, many of

whom were in debt, faced falling incomes. By the late 1920s, income per head in agriculture was

44% below the national average.

x World economic conditions did not favour Germany. Traditionally, Germany had relied on its ability

to export to achieve economic growth, but world trade did not return to pre-war levels. German

exports were hindered by protective tariffs (taxes levied by an importing nation on foreign goods

coming in) in many parts of the world. By the Treaty of Versailles, they were also handicapped by

the loss of valuable resources in territories such as Alsace-Lorraine and Silesia. German agriculture

also found itself in difficulties because of world economic conditions. The fall in world prices from the

mid 1920s placed a great strain on farmers, who made up

one third of the German population. Support in the form of

government financial aid and tariffs could only partially

help to reduce the problems. Most significantly, this decline

in income reduced the spending power of a large section

of the population and this led to a fall in demand across

Germany.

x The changing balance of the population. From the mid-1920s there were more school leavers

because of the high pre-war birth rate. The available workforce increased from 32.4 million in 1925 to

33.4 million in 1931. This meant there was always likely to be an increase in unemployment in

Germany, even without the recession.

x Savings and investment had been discouraged by the hyperinflation, and there was less enthusiasm

to save or invest money. As a result, the German economy relied on investors from abroad,

especially the USA who were attracted by higher rates of interest than they found at home, making

the German economy even more dependent on foreign investment.

x Government finances raised concern. Although the government succeeded in balancing the

budget in 1924, from 1925 it increasingly ran into debt. It continued to spend increasing sums of

money and by 1928 public expenditure had reached 26% of Gross National Product (the total value

of all goods and services in a nation’s economy, including income derived from assets abroad). The government found it difficult to encourage domestic savings and was forced to rely more and more

on international loans.

Task 3: When you have completed your notes, write a conclusion. Was the economic recovery golden or gilded?

Learning Objectives

To be able to evaluate whether politics stabilised during the Golden Years (1924-1929) of Weimar �.

Success Criteria

1. (Ao1a) To be able to collate evidence that demonstrated whether the Weimar Republic politically stable �.

2. (Ao1b) To be able to draw a conclusion that explains whether the government of the Weimar Republic was

really stable 1924-1929 �.

Challenge Criteria

Using what you have learned so far about the economic stability of Weimar, produce an evaluation of whether the

Golden Years of Weimar were really golden �.

Task 1: Politically Stable? Unstable?

Reading the text you have available, and page 31 of your textbook summarise all the evidence of Weimar’s political stability in the box below.

Politically Stable Politically Unstable

Task 2: Conclusion

Was the government of the Weimar Republic was really stable 1924-1929? Create a detailed argument on lined

paper whether you think it was or wasn’t?

Task 3: Conclusion with Extra Economics

Using what you have learned so far about the economic stability of Weimar, produce an evaluation of whether the

Golden Years of Weimar were really golden.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain and evaluate the stability of Weimar’s international relations, with reference to its’ own domestic situation� .

Success Criteria

1. (Ao1a) To describe how Weimar stabilised its’ international relations �.

2. (Ao1b) To be able to evaluate the success of Weimar’s international relations �.

3. (Ao1b) To be able assess the effect that would have on Weimar’s domestic scene �.

Challenge Criteria

Link Weimar’s foreign policy, to Weimar’s economic and political stability to create an overall judgement of Weimar’s stability during this period.

Task 1: 1920s international relations (before the introduction of the Rentenmark)

In the box below, show how the different powers would have regarded Germany by giving these countries a facial

expression. Bonus: Explain why they have this particular facial expression.

Note: This is not a factually accurate map and should not be taken as such. You will see no accurate maps in this

section.

Task 2: The Dawes Plan

a) Look over your notes/ reading on the Dawes Plan. How would this have helped improve international relations for

Germany? Write your explanation of what it does to each country’s relations with Germany on/around this map.

b) Did everyone like the Dawes Plan?

This Nazi Poster says “Break the Dawes Chains”. Why do you think the Nazis used this as a campaign slogan?

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Task 3: The work of Gustav Stresemann as Foreign Minister

Use your textbook (pages 30-31) and the reading in these pages, and complete the tasks that follow.

The Locarno Pact

The ending of the occupation of the Ruhr and the introduction of the Dawes Plan showed

that the Great Powers were prepared to take Germany’s interests seriously. However, Stresemann continued to fear that Anglo-French friendship could lead to a military

alliance. In order to counter this concern, Stresemann proposed an international security

pact for Germany’s western frontiers. Although France was hesitant at first, Britain and the USA both backed the idea. This formed the basis for the Locarno Pact.

In October 1925, a series of treaties was signed which became known as the Locarno

Pact. The main points were:

x A mutual guarantee agreement accepted the Franco-German and Belgian-

German borders. These terms were guaranteed by Britain and Italy. This cost

Germany nothing because it was in position to change these frontiers and it

actually limited France’s freedom of action (since the occupation of the Ruhr or annexation of the Rhineland were no longer possible).

x All five countries renounced the use of force except in self-defence.

x The demilitarisation of the Rhineland was recognised as permanent.

x The arbitration treaties between Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia agreed to

settle future disputes peacefully- but the existing frontiers were not accepted as

final. (This only really was an issue for the Poles, as Germany had refused to confirm

the eastern frontiers).

The Locarno treaties represented an important diplomatic development. Germany was

freed from its isolation by the Allies and was again treated as an equal partner.

Stresemann had agreed a great deal at Locarno at very little cost.

Stresemann’s other actions

Stresemann hoped that further advances would follow Locarno, such as the restoration of

full German rule over the Saar and the Rhineland, a reduction in reparations, and a

revision of the eastern frontier. However, although there was further diplomatic progress in

the years 1926-30 it remained limited.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact was

an agreement to outlaw war

signed on August 27, 1928.

Sometimes called the Pact of

Paris for the city in which it

was signed, the pact was

one of many international

efforts to prevent another

World War, but it had little

effect in stopping the rising

militarism of the 1930s or

preventing World War II.

x Germany had originally been excluded from the League of Nations, but in 1926 she

was invited to join the League and was immediately recognised as a permanent

member of the Council of the League.

x Two years later (1928), Germany signed the Kellogg-

Briand Pact, a declaration that outlawed ‘war as an instrument of national policy’. Although of no real practical effect it showed that Germany was

working with 68 nations.

x In 1929, the Allies agreed to evacuate the Rhineland

earlier than intended, in return for a final settlement

of the reparations issue. The result was the Young

Plan, which further revised the scheme of payments.

Germany now agreed to continue to pay

reparations until 1988, although the total sum was

reduced to £1850 million, only one quarter of the

figure demanded in 1921.

x The Treaty of Berlin: was signed between Germany

and the USSR in April 1926, guaranteeing good

relations between USSR and Germany. Friendship with the west was Stresemann’s priority, but he was not prepared to drop the earlier Rapallo Treaty (1920) which

was a friendship between the USSR and Germany. This showed that Stresemann

needed to consider Germany’s defence needs, and put pressure on Poland to give way to Germany’s demands for frontier changes (as Poland would not get support from the USSR if it stood against them).

x Stresemann was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926 (along with Briand of the

Kellogg-Briand Pact and Austen Chamberlain).

An Assessment of Stresemann

Stresemann does get some debate. Some see him as a fanatical nationalist, others as a

‘great European’ working for international reconciliation. He has been praised for his staunch support of parliamentary government and condemned for pretending to be a

diplomat.

He did achieve a great deal in a short time to change Germany for the better and he did

so peacefully. However, the circumstances were working strongly in Stresemann’s favour (the powers were beginning to regret Versailles, for example) and he didn’t change the Treaty of Versailles fundamentally. It may have been impossible for him to do more than

he had. Stresemann’s policies failed to generate real domestic support, and the right wing was already mobilising against the Young Plan. It hadn’t garnered enough support before his death and the Wall Street Crash- both of which occurred in October 1929.

a) In this space, create a tiny timeline (just so that you have all the dates in one place, very clearly) of Stresemann’s foreign policy achievements.

1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

b) Use the reading and your textbook to assess how successful you think each piece of foreign policy was. You can

choose how you decide to lay it out, but you must include all those mentioned on your tiny timeline, and you must

evaluate it both in terms of its success in improving relations between the powers and whether it might have

improved the domestic situation at home.

You can use this space or lined paper.

1920s international relations (just before Stresemann’s death, September 1929) In the box below, show how the different powers would have regarded Germany by giving these countries a facial

expression. Bonus: Explain why they have this particular facial expression.

Learning Objectives

To be able to analyse aspects of Weimar culture in order to reach a conclusion about whether Weimar was really

living through a golden age �.

Success Criteria

Ao1a: To describe different aspects of Weimar culture �.

Ao1b: To be able to analyse Weimar culture to show whether it is positive towards Weimar �.

Ao1b: To evaluate whether Weimar culture supports the idea that 1923-29 was a golden age for Weimar �.

Challenge Criteria

Ao1b: to develop links between the different areas of Weimar’s stability; political, economic, international relations AND cultural in order to develop a really amazing conclusion �.

Task 1: Different aspects of Weimar culture

Use the PowerPoint on Weimar Culture and the following sources to describe different aspects of Weimar culture in

the boxes below.

Art

Literature Cabaret and Theatre

Nightlife and Nightclubs

Film Architecture

William Shirer: correspondent of the Chicago Tribune

“A wonderful ferment was working in Germany. Life seemed more free, more modern, more exciting than in any place I had

ever seen. Nowhere else did the arts or the intellectual life seem

so lively... In contemporary writings, painting, architecture, in

music and drama, there were new currents and fine talents”

Georg Grosz: Grey Day (1921)

Georg Grosz: The Eclipse of the Sun

(1926) Christopher Isherwood, British Author

“We were in a room full of people dancing, shouting, singing, drinking, shaking our hands...

The boys were in shirtsleeves and the girls had unhooked their dresses... I became involved in

the dancing... I was seized round the waist, round the neck, kissed, hugged, tickled, half

undressed; I danced with girls, with boys, with two or three people at the same time”.

Task 2: Does Weimar culture reveal a golden age? Write evidence for and against in the table below.

For: Culture does show a golden age Against: Culture does not show a golden age

Overall Conclusion

Challenge Task: Using EVERYTHING you know so far, was Weimar really living through a golden age?

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Learning Objectives

To be able to assess the success of the Weimar Republic before the Great Depression of 1929 in preparation for a

timed essay �.

Success Criteria

1. (Ao1a) To ensure that your knowledge on the Weimar Republic is thorough�.

2. (Ao1b) To assess the level of stability Weimar had reached by 1929 �.

3. (Ao1a and Ao1b) To be able to answer some key questions about the Weimar Republic that are well

supported by evidence �.

Challenge Criteria

To be able to evaluate the relative importance of different factors causing Weimar’s stability/instability � and to link

them together �.

Task 1: Identify your areas of strength and weakness

In this table, try to write down as many facts as you can remember about the key areas we have studied.

Why did Germany lose WWI?

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on

Germany

Threats from the Left

Threats from the Right

Hyperinflation Economic Recovery

Political Stability (including the

constitution)

Foreign Policy Weimar Culture

Task 2: Go back over your notes and improve your fact boxes above.

Task 3: Practise your analytical skills

Below, are some key questions that can help you build up your analysis. Select some to attempt on lined paper so

that you can practise some key analysis skills.

Explanation of Causation

x Why did Germany lose the First World War?

x Why did Ludendorff support constitutional reform in 1918?

x Why did the Spartacist revolt fail?

x Why did the Germans view the Treaty as unfair?

x To what extent was the Treaty of Versailles motivated by anti-German feeling?

x Why did the Munich Beer Hall putsch fail?

x Why did Germany suffer hyperinflation?

x Why didn’t all Germans suffer from hyperinflation?

x How did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1923?

x Why did the political parties find it so difficult to co-operate?

x Why was Weimar culture unpopular with some Germans?

Assessing Consequence

x How did the war affect the living and working conditions of the German people?

x What impact did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany, politically, economically and socially?

x To what extent did the uprisings from the right and the left weaken the Weimar Republic?

x Was the Weimar Constitution fatally flawed?

x What was the impact of hyperinflation on the German people?

x How did the appointment of Hindenburg as President affect Weimar politics?

x What was the impact of Stresemann on Weimar Germany?

Assessing/ Comparing Significance (importance)

x What were the main problems faced by Ebert in 1918?

x What were the significant terms of the Weimar Constitution?

x What were the significant terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

x To what extent was the Treaty of Versailles the main reason for weaknesses in Weimar Germany, 1919-

1923?

x To what extent were the right a more significant threat to Weimar stability than the left?

x To what extent were the army a ‘state within a state’?

x What was the greatest threat to Weimar democracy?

x Were the actions of Stresemann the main reasons for Weimar stability 1924-1929?

Task 4: Essay Planning

These are essay questions from past papers. Try planning one (or more) of the following essays.

January 2009: Assess the reasons for the survival of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s.

January 2010: To what extent did the Weimar Republic in the 1920s overcome the problems it faced?

June 2011: How effectively did Weimar governments deal with the problems they faced in the 1920s?

June 2012: To what extent did Gustav Stresemann’s policies bring stability to the Weimar Republic?

June 2013: ‘Investment and support from foreign powers was the main reasons the Weimar Republic survived in the

1920s’. How far do you agree?

Look at some of the essay planning techniques that you can use on the next page:

This is an example of an essay map which you can access on a computer from this web address:

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/essaymap/

Introduction

Idea 1

Idea 2 Idea 3

Supporting evidence for Idea 1

Supporting evidence for idea 2 Supporting evidence for idea 3

Conclusion

The History Burger

This is another way of structuring your essay.

Evidence from sources can simply mean from your own knowledge. You could try completing the blank History

burger here. You could also add extra components (such as a pickle, or bacon or extra cheese).

January 2009

x Assess the reasons for the survival of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s.

x How successful were the Nazis in their policy of Gleichschaltung (coordination) after 1933?

x Assess the reasons why two German states emerged from 1945-1949.

June 2009

x To what extent do the weaknesses of Weimar democracy explain Hitler’s rise to power in 1933?

x How successful were Hitler’s economic policies to 1945?

x Assess the reasons for West Germany’s ‘economic miracle’ in the 1950s. January 2010

x To what extent did the Weimar Republic in the 1920s overcome the problems it faced?

x ‘Their use of terror was the main reason that the Nazis retained control in Germany after 1933’. How far do you agree?

x Assess the reasons why Adenauer kept power for so long after 1949.

June 2010

x ‘The impact of the Great Depression was the main reason for Hitler’s rise to power by January 1933’. How far do you agree?

x To what extent did the Nazis achieve the aims of their social policies?

x How successful was Adenauer’s foreign policy?

January 2011

x ‘Economic recovery was the main reason why the Nazis stayed in power after 1933’. How far do you agree?

x Assess the reasons why a divided Germany emerged in the years from 1945 to 1949.

x To what extent was Adenauer personally responsible for West Germany’s growing strength in the 1950s?

June 2011

x How effectively did Weimar governments deal with the problems they faced in the 1920s?

x To what extent was Hitler’s leadership the main reason why the Nazis came to power in 1933?

x How successful was Hitler’s economic policy to 1945?

January 2012

x To what extent were the actions of other political parties and their leaders responsible for the rise to power

of Hitler and the Nazi Party?

x To what extent did Hitler’s consolidation of power in Germany after March 1933 depend on terror?

x Assess the reasons for West Germany’s political stability in the 1950s. June 2012

x To what extent did Gustav Stresemann’s policies bring stability to the Weimar Republic?

x How successful were the Nazis in imposing their ideas about society on the German people?

x To what extent was the Soviet Union responsible for the division of Germany from 1945-1949?

January 2013

x Assess the reasons for Hitler’s coming to power in 1933?

x ‘Hitler’s economic policies failed to prepare Germany for war’. To what extent was this true?

x To what extent were Adenauer’s foreign policies the main reason he retained power from 1949-1963?

June 2013

x ‘Investment and support from foreign powers was the main reasons the Weimar Republic survived in the 1920s’. How far do you agree?

x Assess the reasons for the lack of opposition in Nazi Germany?

x How successful was Adenauer as Chancellor from 1949-1963.

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