PENIAZE, HosPodrstvo A SPOLONOSMedzinrodn nuMizMatick syMpziuM - shrny refertovSlovenSk numizmatick SpolonoS pri sAvkoice 16. - 19. Mja 2013

, O - 16. - 19. 2013 .

MoNEY, ECoNoMY ANd soCIEtYinternational nuMisMatic syMposiuM - lecture suMMariesslovak nuMisMatic society at sAskoice, May 16 - 19, 2013

Zbornk shrnov refertov z medzinrodnho numizmatickho sympziaPeniaze, hospodrstvo a spolonosvydala Slovensk numizmatick spolonos pri SAV pre potrebu astnkov sympzia

Summaries of lectures presented during the International Numismatic SymposiumMomey, economy and societyhave been issued by the Slovak Numismatic Society at SAS for need of the symposium participants

Zostavil:Editor: Zbyek ustek.Grafick prava, sadzba a preklady pvodnch textov do sloveniny a anglitiny:Lay out and translations of original texts in Slovak and English: Zbyek ustek

Jazykov prava slovenskch textov:Checking of Slovak texts: Elena Minaroviov

Korektry: Correctures: Elena Minaroviov, Marin Sojk, Zbyek ustek.

Nklad: 150 vtlakovIssued in 150 copies

Odporan spsob citovania shrnov:Recommended mode of citing the summaries:

filipow, K, & Kuklik, B., 2013: Odznaczenia dla onierzy i lotnikw czechosowackich w Polskich Siach Zbrojnych (1939-1945). p. 102. In Z. ustek (ed.): Zbornk shrnov refertov z medzinrodnho numizmatickho sympzia Peniaze, hospodrstvo a spolonos. Koice 16. - 19. 5. 2013, Koice, 105 pp.

Nlezy stredovekch minc v imleu silvaniei Bthoryho katieFinds of medieval coins in imleu silvaniei Bthorys castelDescoperiri monetare medievale la imleu silvaniei Castelul Bthory

Daniela MaRcU & emanoil PRIPOn

Muzeul Judeean de Istorie i Art Zalu, Str. Unirii 9, 450 042 Zalu,, Judeul Slaj, e-mail: damasus2000@yahoo.com1), emanoilpripon@yahoo.com 2)

The dominium imleul is situated in northwestern part of Romania (Slaj county, transilvania). It is mentioned for the first time in written documents from 13th century. In spite of it, the stone castle imleul itsel situated on the citadel hill (dealul cetii) appears in the documents as late as in 1531, when it is ascribed to the feminine line of the Bthory family. In 15th century, significance of the castle declined, but settlement on its foothill developed rapidly and played a significant economic and social role. Therefore the documents wrote about it after 1417 as oppidum Somllyo. By the end of 15th century, nicolaus Bthory builds up at the crasna river, at the foothill of the old castle, a new castle (area 1), which was gradually enlarged and completed by end of the 16th century (area 2), in accordance with the ascendance of the house Bthory of imleu.

In connection with the political and military events from the period of the county George Rkoczi II, it was damaged by fire. Later it becomes a border fortress (1665), which was mentioned up to the early 18th century, when it was rapidly included into the conflict between ferenc Rkoczy and the

Panstvo imleul sa nachdza na severozpade Rumunska (upa Slaj, Sedmohradsko). V psomnch prameoch sa spomna prv raz v 13. storo. napriek tomu kamenn hrad imleul na Pevnostnom kopci (dealul cetii) sa objavuje v dokumentoch a v roku 1531, ke je pripisovan enskej lnii rodu Bthoryovcov. Poas 15. storoia loha pevnosti kles, no osdlenie na jej pt sa rchlo rozvja a nadobda vznamn hospodrsku a spoloensk lohu. Preto po roku 1417 dokumenty o nej hovoria ako o oppidum Somllyo. Koncom 15. storoia Mikul Bthory stavia pri rieke crasna, na pt hory so starou pevnosou hrad (arel 1), ktor sastne so spoloenskm vzostupom rodiny Bthoryovcov zo imleu sa pribline koncom 16. storoia roziruje a dopa o nov pevnostn sstavy (arel 2).

V svislosti s politickmi a vojenskmi udalosami z ias knieaa Juraja II. Rkocziho padol hrad za obe poiaru. neskr sa stva hraninou pevnosou (1665), ktor sa spomna a do poiatku 18. storoia, ke je narchlo zahrnut do zpasu medzi frantikom II. Rkoczim a habsburgovcami. to malo ak dsledky pre celistvos budovy. Po Satmrskom mieri (1711) sa nedotknut priestory vo vntri budovy premenili na vojensk sklady a vzenie. Z voakedy monumentlneho celku sa zachovali nad povrchom zeme dve okrhle vee na vchodnom okraji arelu 1, vea s brnou a sasti tvorhrann bastiny arelu 2.

V rokoch 2006-2010 sa uskutonilo 5 archeologickch zchrannch vskumov, ktor poskytli nov poznatky o pdoryse arelu 1 (vea s brnou, okrhly bastin, dva tvorhrann bastiny, ktor sa nachdzaj na junom a zpadnom krdle, priom zpadn krdlo vykazuje viacer fzy vntornho usporiadania). Vsledkom archeologickch vskumov je ohromujce mnostvo nlezov: keramiky (ndoby, kachle, rry), skla, kovu (elezo, me, striebro) a architektonickch prvkov (zlomky tvarovanch kameov). Okrem toho bolo njdench 110 minc dokumentujcich cel histriu budovy.

najstarie mince pochdzaj z polovice 15. storoia a dvaj sa do spojitosti s budovanm arelu 1. Obdobie najvieho vzostupu rodu Bthoryovcov (od konca 16. storoia do druhej polovice 17. storoia) je ilustrovan nlezmi poskch, sedmohradskch, eskch amaarskch minc. Ztoho obdobia pochdzaj aj mince s mimoriadne vzcnym vskytom v Sedmohradsku, ako naprklad polovin ecu razen vo franczsku vtours vroku 1659. Sasne s prechodom Sedmohradska pod habsbursk vplyv, miesto starch minc postupne preberaj rakske mince, ktor s medzi mincami njdenmi nahrade vemi poetne zastpen.

nlezy minc na bthoryovskom hrade prispievaj nielen lepiemu poznaniu nominle zastpench vobehu v priebehu 15. a 17. storoia, ale aj lepiemu poznaniu politickej histrie Sedmohradska.

house of habsburg. It had serious impact on the building integrity. after the Szatmr Peace (1711), the intact interior parts of building were transformed into military deposits and a prison. from the originally monumental complex, there had been preserved only two rounded towers on the eastern margin of the area 1, a tower with gate and partially quadrate bastions of the area 2.

In 2006-2010 five archaeological investigation were undertaken. They have given new pieces of knowledge about the ground plan of the area (tower with gate, rounded bastion, two quadratic bastions situated in the southern and western wing, the western wing shows several phases of its inner disposition). The archaeological investigation brought a fascinating amount of finds: ceramics (vessels, tiles, pipes), glass, metals (iron, copper, silver) and architectonic elements (fragments of profiled stones). Out of this, there have been found 110 coins illustrating the whole history of the building.

The earliest coins come from mid 15th century and are put in connection with building up the area 1. The period

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Domeniul imleului, situat n nord-vestul Romniei, judeul Slaj (transilvania), este menionat pentru prima dat n documente, n secolul al xIII-lea. totui, cetatea imleului (fortificaia cu zid de piatr de pe dealul Cetii) apare n documente la 1531, cnd este atribuit pe linie feminin familiei Bthory. Pe parcursul secolului al xV-lea, rolul cetii ncepe s scad, ns aezarea de la poalele ei se dezvolt rapid i capt un important statut economic i social astfel nct, dup 1417, documentele vorbesc despre oppidum Somllyo. Spre sfritul secolului al xV-lea, nicolae Bthory, construiete lng rul crasna, la poalele dealului unde se afl vechea reedin, un castel (incinta 1), care odat cu ascensiunea social a familiei Bathory de la imleu, va fi la rndul su extins i completat cu noi sisteme de fortificare (incinta 2), undeva spre sfritul secolului al xVI-lea.

n contextul evenimentelor politice i militare din timpul principelui Gheorghe Rkoczi al II-lea, castelul cade prad focului, apoi devine cetate de grani (1665), statut meninut pn la nceputul secolului al xVIII-lea cnd este iari implicat n confruntrile dintre francisc Rkczi al II-lea i habsburgi, cu urmri grave pentru integritatea edificiului. Dup pacea de la Satu Mare (1711), spaiile rmase intacte din interiorul incintei sunt transformate n magazii militare i locuri de detenie pentru condamnai. Din ansamblul monumental de altdat se pstreaz n elevaie cele dou turnuri circulare de pe latura estic a incintei 1, turnul de poart i parial bastioanele patrulatere ale incintei 2.

n intervalul 2006-2010, au fost derulate 5 campanii de

cercetare arheologic preventiv, care au pus n eviden noi date planimetrice pentru incinta 1 (un turn de poart, un bastion circular i dou bastioane patrulatere ce aprau latura de sud i latura de vest, acesta din urm cu mai multe faze de amenajare interioar). n urma cercetrilor arheologice a rezultat o cantitate impresionant de materiale arheologice: ceramic (vase, cahle, pipe), sticl, metal (fier, cupru, argint), elemente arhitectonice (fragmente de pietre profilate). De asemenea au fost descoperite i un numr de 110 monede ce acoper ntreaga istorie a edificiului.

cele mai vechi monede se dateaz ncepnd cu jumtatea secolului al xV-lea i sunt puse n legtur cu perioada de amenajare a incintei 1. Perioada de maxim ascensiune a familiei Bthory (de la sfritul secolului al xVI-lea i pn n a doua jumtate a secolului xVII), este ilustrat prin descoperirile monetare de factur polonez, transilvnean, boemian i maghiar. Rein atenia pentru aceast perioad, cteva monede ce constituie apariii rarisime n transilvania, printre care o jumtate de ecu emis n frana la tours n 1659. Odat cu intrarea transilvaniei sub influena habsburgic, locul vechilor emisiuni monetare este luat treptat de moneda austriac, aspect foarte bine reliefat cantitativ prin intermediul descoperirilor monetare din castel.

Prezentarea descoperirilor monetare din castelul Bthory ajut la mai bun cunoatere a nominalelor aflate n circulaie pe parcursul secolelor xV-xVII, dar constituie i o contribuie interesant i util la istoria politic a transilvaniei.

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of the greatest ascendance of the Bthory family (from late 16th century up to second half of 17th century) is illustrated by find of Polish, transylvanian, Bohemian and hungarian coins. from this period, the coins very rarely occurring in transylvania also originate, like the half-ecu stroke in

france in tours in 1659. Simultaneously with increasing habsburgic influence in transylvania the role of older coins is overtaken by the austrian coins, which show a significant quantitative representation among the coins discovered in this castle.

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