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By:

Neha Hardikar

Support: Dr. Sudha Kashelikar

All India Institute of Local Self-Government for

Support to National Policies for Urban Poverty Reduction

CITY PROFILE Nagpur Municipal Corporation

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NAGPUR CITY PROFILE

Regional Setting Nagpur is a city in the central part of India in Maharashtra State. Nagpur Limits encompass 217.56 Square Kms of land areas. Geographically, Maharashtra is located 16.40 N to 22.10 N and 72.60 E to 80.9 E. Nagpur district is located between 21*45 N to 20*30 N and 78*15 E to 79*45 E, which essentially indicates that Nagpur district is located in the Deccan Plateau. It is practically at geographical center of India, in fact the zero milestone of India is in this city. All major highways NH-7 (Varanasi - Kanyakumari) & NH-6 (Mumbai - Sambalpur - Calcutta) and major railways trunk route (Mumbai, Chennai, Howrah, Delhi) pass through the city. Administrative Status Nagpur located on the eastern parts of Maharashtra is a Municipal Corporation. It is also second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is administered by Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) which is democratically elected civic governing body. Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) works with NMC and carries out works like development of the civic infrastructure and new urban areas on behalf of NMC. The city is divided in 10 administrative zones which are in turn divided into 136 electoral wards.

Climate As it is located at the centre of the Indian peninsula far from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, Nagpur has a tropical wet and dry climate with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. Nagpur city receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 in) from monsoon rains during June to September. The highest recorded rainfall was 304 mm on July 14, 1994. Summers are extremely hot lasting from March to June, with maximum temperatures occurring in May. Winter lasts from November to January, during which temperatures can drop below 10°C (50°F). The highest recorded temperature in the city was 48.6 °C (119.5 °F) on 26 May 1954, while the lowest was 3 °C. 1

1 Nagpur Municipal Corporation, http://nmc.org.in

FACT SHEET

Population (Census2011) 24.05 Lakh**

Area 217.56 Sq km*

Density 11,056 persons/ sq.km.

Slums 446*

Slum Population 8,58,783*

Slum HH 1,71,645*

Literacy Rate (%) 93.13 %**

Urban Local Body Nagpur Municipal Corporation

* Source: Handbook on slums by CHF International, 2007-08

**As per Census of India 2011

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Economic Base

Nagpur is the main center of commerce for Vidarbha region. The city is important for the banking sector as it hosts the regional office of Reserve Bank of India, which was opened on September 10, 1956. Sitabuldi market in central Nagpur, known as the Heart of the city, is the major commercial market area of city. Nagpur is also emerging as an important industrial town. Butibori Industrial area, which is one of the largest industrial areas is located in Nagpur. This area mainly includes synthetic polyester manufacturing units, Koradi Thermal Power Plant and Khaparkheda Thermal Power Plant. Nagpur is witnessing an economic boom as the "Multi-Modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN)" is being developed. MIHAN will be used for handling heavy cargo coming from South-East Asia and the Middle East. Demographic profile Nagpur’s population (Census of India, 2001) is about 21.5 lakhs with an average density of 98 persons per hectare. As per provisional reports of Census of India, population of Nagpur in 2011 is 24,05,421; of which male and female are 12,26,610 and 11,78,811 respectively. Nagpur urban agglomeration/ metropolitan region’s population is 24,97,777 of which 12,75,750 are males and 12,22,027 are females.

The average literacy rate of Nagpur city is 93.13 percent (20,18,598) of which male and female literacy is 96.16 (10,60,359) and 89.99 percent (9,58,239). The sex ratio of Nagpur city is 961 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 921 per 1000 boys.

Development Pattern

Nagpur Municipal Committee was established in the year 1869. At that time population of the city was 82,000 with an area of 14.3 sq km. In the 1872 another body known as Civil Station Sub-Committee with an area of 3.8 sq km was constituted for town development. Then in year 1937 Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) was formed whose working is governed by a board of trustees.

The Nagpur Improvement Trust in year 1946 prepared a Master Plan for Nagpur. This plan contained financial policy, development control and zoning regulations. Also Nagpur Improvement trust prepared first Development Plan for Nagpur, which was sanctioned by government in year 1976. Later this plan was revised in year 1982 which got sanction fully in year 2001 which is in force now.

Particular 2001 2011 Area 217.56 217.56 Population 21,50,000 24,05,421 Decadal Growth Rate (%) 19.21 19.00 No. of HHs 3,50,000 5,38,086

HH Size 6.1 4.75

Density (Persons/ Sq Km) 9,882 11,056 No of Domestic Properties 3,15,000 4,71,873 Total Election Wards 129 145 Source: Census 2001 and 2011 & PAS 2011

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Map Showing Development Plans of Nagpur for year 1953, 1976 and 2001

Slums Profile:

As per the Census of India 2001, 8.04 lakh people reside in slums. In 2001 slum population constituted about 26.54% of population. The number of slums in the city has increased from 424 slums in Year 2002 to about 446 in Year 2008 .Of total 446 slum settlements in the city 287 (65%) are notified. The total slum population is 858783 which is 34.84% of the total city population. The slum HHs in the city are 1,71,645 and slum HH size is 5.0 .

The map below depicts the spatial location of all slum settlements within the NMC municipal jurisdiction. Source: Handbook on slums by CHF International, 2007-08

Source: Handbook on slums by CHF International, 2007-08

Slums in Nagpur:

8,58,783

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Zone wise Slum Population

Zones City Area City Population Slum Population % Slum Population

1 42.02 230624 47696 20.68 2 31.82 203242 86926 42.77 3 11.45 228664 38530 16.85 4 13.43 202753 114119 56.28 5 11.78 235000 79990 34.04 6 4.25 233058 120005 51.49 7 11.23 214049 113382 52.97 8 34.5 306319 97981 31.99 9 26.84 356741 96995 27.19 10 30.24 254557 63159 24.81 Total 217.56 2465007 858783 34.84 Source: Handbook on slums by CHF International & NMC, 2007-08

Zone-wise Distribution of Notified and Non-Notified Slums

Notified Slums

Non-Notified Slums

Source: Handbook on slums by CHF International, 2007-08

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Access of Basic Services in Slums The table below presents the access to basic services in the slums in Nagpur city.

Access to Basic Services in Slums

Housing*

Total structures Average Pucca Structures 40% Average Semi-Pucca Structures 38% Average Kaccha Structures 22%

Water Supply Average piped water network coverage* 66%* Household coverage of individual water supply connections in slums 85.0%

Sanitation Household coverage of individual toilets in slums 70.1% % of households defecating in open in slums 28.5%

Sewerage* Average sewerage network coverage 72% Solid Waste Management

Coverage of solid waste management services in slums 96.1%

Storm Water* Slum settlements having storm water network coverage 57% Road* Average road coverage 78% Streetlights* Access to streetlights 54% Electricity* Access to electricity grid 60%

(1) * Handbook on slums by CHF International & NMC, 2007-08 (2) PAS Data, 2010-11

Water Supply The piped water facility of NMC supplies water to approximately 66% of the slum areas. The access, quality and the regularity is further being upgraded. According to the study conducted by CHF international, average duration of water supply is 2 to 3 hours a day, either in the morning or in the evening .There is a scarcity of water in slums located in Zone 3,4,5 and 9. Water supply to these zones during the summer months is only through water tankers brought by the NMC. Out of 446 Slums about 30% of slums have less than or equal to 70% of piped water network.

Sanitation The socio-economic survey conducted by CHF international found that 70% of the households have individual toilets. However extension of piped water connections and regular water supply will encourage use of the toilets.

Sewerage 72 percent of slums are connected to the city’s sewer system. Major challenge faced is some lines are defunct or chocked. The resulting flow of human waste through open drains is both a health and environment hazard. Out of 446 slums about 31% of slums have less than or equal to 70% of sewerage network and 55% of slums have less or equal to 70% of storm water drain network.

Solid Waste Management Garbage collection, whether in the form of door-to-door collection or the existence of bins, is provided by the NMC to cover to over 64 percent of slums.

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Ownership of house Most of the population do not have legal ownership to the land on which they had their shelters. Families that owned their house in notified settlements constituted the major proportion of the total households (about 46%). 33% people lived in rented accommodation, paying rents that varied between Rs 100 to Rs.500 per month. Only a few households paid over this amount as rent. Tenant households were more frequently noted in zones 3, 5 and 6. Another 33 % percent households said they were owners of the shelters but were aware that they did not have legal right to the land or had built their shelters on private land.

Status of land ownership

Majority of the slums dwellers in Nagpur city did not have legal land ownership. Most of these slums were on government land or semi-government land with a small percent on private land, where land ownership rested with the landlord. Many of the settlements had been in existence for several years and people residing there had been officially

registered by the NMC under their slum listing and were entitled to infrastructure services from the Corporation. In Nagpur City, 64 % slums are on Government land, 26 % slums are on semi government land and 10% slums are on private land.

Overview of Poverty Alleviation/ Slum Improvement Programmes

Government schemes implemented in Nagpur · Slum Improvement Program (1972 to 1994) – Its main objective is to bring basic

infrastructure into the city's poor settlements. Water supply, provision of latrines, sewer lines, roads, drainage and street lighting. Total Rs.982.55 Iakhs has been spent on these basic infrastructure facilities. (Source: SDCO 2000).

· Integrated low Cost Sanitation - Under the "toilet for every house" vision of the Government of Maharashtra, the Nagpur Municipal Corporation has constructed 7500 individual toilets in all zones across the city. Individual toilets are being provided to individual households against a payment of Rs.365 per toilet.

· Pay and Use toilets - With the support of HUDCO and the state government, the NMC is building 51 community toilets. These will be owned by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and sub-contracted to organizations to be operated on a pay and use basis.

· Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY) and National Slum Development Scheme (NSDP) - These are centrally sponsored schemes with a mix of loans and grants for urban poverty alleviation.

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BSUP under JNNURM in Nagpur City Under the JNNURM, the BSUP scheme is being implemented in Nagpur Municipal Corporation Area through Slum Rehabilitation Authority Nagpur. Under BSUP scheme the Central Govt. contributed 50%, State Govt. contributed 30%, the ULB share is 10% and Beneficiaries have to contribute 10% of the Tenement cost. The average cost of a tenement is approximately 3.75 lacs including development charges. Under this scheme the beneficiary is given a Tenement of 269. 00 sq. ft. carpet area i.e. 333.00 sq ft built up area.

Up till now the Government has sanctioned 8 DPRS under BSUP (in-situ) redevelopment project in which 11767 Tenements have been sanctioned.

BSUP-PPP Projects: To implement BSUP scheme for the slum dwellers residing on the lands reserved for various purpose in Development Plan of Nagpur city, GOM has issued GR No Grunidho-2009-CR 49/GND dt. 18th Feb. 20092. As this scheme is a BSUP scheme implemented by SRA, FSI of 2.50 is applicable as per Govt. Resolution No.TPS-1107/UOR-36/C.R.135/08/UD-9, dated 24th December, 2008. If the FSI utilized in the project is less than 2.50, the balance FSI shall remain with SRA to be used for EWS/ Slum housing in the future in the same zone. SRA will be the Planning Authority for the same. The balance cost of the project i.e. a part of the state share and ULB share of the project cost and any excess amount over and above resulting from cost escalation shall be met out of the TDR (Transfer of Development Rights) to be released by SRA to the developer.

Under BSUP-PPP projects 5 DPRs have been sanctioned by the Government in which 5560 Tenements have been sanctioned and the work is in progress at different projects sites. Dwelling unit status under BSUP in Nagpur – up to March 2012

Approved Cost Govt. share committed

Govt. share sanctioned

No. of houses sanctioned

No of houses completed

82654.18 34021.93 10358.89 11767 201

Source – MHADA

Funding Pattern under JNNURM in 2011 -12 (2273 Cr proposed)

Government of India share Government of Maharashtra share ULB share

1136 Cr (50%) 455 Cr (20 %) 682 Cr (30%) Source - info.worldbank.org

BSUP Reforms: The Nagpur Municipal Corporation has earmarked funds for the urban poor in the municipal budget. Also almost 15% developed land is reserved for housing for poor. (Source: DMU Report of BSUP- JNNURM, MoHUPA, 2012)

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY): Nagpur is one of the pilot cities under RAY. A RAY cell has been formed in the Nagpur Municipal Corporation. Similar to BSUP projects the SRA, Nagpur is the implementing agency for pilot project under RAY in Nagpur Municipal Corporation. The RAY preparatory activities are in progress in Nagpur.

2 SRA, Nagpur, http://sranagpur.in/jnnurm-scheme-BSUP-PPP.html

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Slum Redevelopment Authority

Jurisdiction of SRA: As per the parameters given under the slum rehabilitation scheme, SRA can declare any area as slum rehabilitation area for the rehabilitation of slums and in certain cases slum areas become slum rehabilitation area by means of deeming provisions. All such slum rehabilitation areas where slum rehabilitation schemes are proposed and being implemented, come under the jurisdiction of SRA. Features of SRA Schemes 1. Every slum structure existing prior to 01/01/1995 is treated as protected structure. 2. Every slum dweller whose name appears in the electoral rolls as on 01/01/1995 and who

continues to stay in the slum is eligible for rehabilitation. 3. Every eligible residential slum structure is provided with an alternative tenement admeasuring

269.00 sq. ft. preferably at the same site, irrespective of the area of slum structure. 4. A minimum of 70% of eligible slum dwellers in a slum pocket come together to form a co-

operative housing society for implementation of Slum Rehabilitation Scheme. (SRS) 5. Ones slum dwellers appoint developer for construction; developer develops the housing scheme

for slum dweller. Also that dweller gets an advantage to sale out certain flats in market. 6. Floor Space Index (known as FSI elsewhere) upto 2.5 is allowed for SRS. 7. The developer is required to construct the rehabilitation tenements on the plot itself. The

balance FSI left is allowed for construction of free sale tenements. 8. Slum Rehabilitation Authority is designated as a local planning authority to provide all the

requisite approvals for SRS under one roof. The authority is mandated to act as a facilitating agency for implementation of SRS.

9. Along with the free rehabilitation tenements the developers also have to provide space for amenities like a crèche (Balwadi), society office, welfare centre.

References · BSUP Cell, Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA) · Census 2001, 2011 · Performance Assessment Systems (PAS) for Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in

Maharashtra Project, All India Institute of Local Self-Government, Mumbai · http://sranagpur.in/jnnurm-scheme-BSUP.html · Town Directory of Nagpur · www.sranagpur.in · Infoworldbank.org · www.enmc.org.in