N4/5 Practical Woodworking Skills - Aithmarking gauge templates marking knife mortise gauge cutting...

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N4/5 Practical Woodworking Skills

Transcript of N4/5 Practical Woodworking Skills - Aithmarking gauge templates marking knife mortise gauge cutting...

N4/5 Practical Woodworking Skills

steel rule

tape measure

try-square

marking gauge

templates

marking knife

mortise gauge

cutting gauge

sliding bevel

dovetail template

outside callipers

units of measurement

ratio dimensioning (ie 1/3 thickness, 1/2 thickness)

The unit of measurement used in Practical Woodworking is always millimetres (mm).

Ratio dimensioning can be for ½ or 1/3 of the total size of the wood

30

1. What unit of measurement is used in Practical Woodworking?

2. What is ½ of 30 mm?

The steel rule is commonly used in workshops. They are in sizes 300mm and 1 metre for taking lengths of larger sizes.

The main advantage of the steel rule is that the graduations start from the end which makes measuring more accurate than measuring tapes and wooden rulers.

3. What makes a steel rule more accurate than a tape measure?

The measuring tape does the same job as the steel rule expect it is substantially longer. They can be as long as 30m.

4. When would a tape measure be used?

The try square us used to mark out lines at right angles to a given surface on wood.

It is made of 2 main parts: the stock and the blade.

The stock is often made of rosewood and the blade is constructed with tool steel.

The line must continued all the way round the wood (all four sides are marked). This type of marking materials helps if a joint is to be cut or the end of the material is simply to be sawn away.

5. What is a try square used for?

The sliding bevel is similar to a try square but the angle can be changed.

It has two parts: the stock and the blade.

The stock is usually made from rosewood and the blade is made from tool steel.

The blade can be adjusted to a variety of angles and locked in position. This is useful when a line has to be marked at an angle on wood.

STEPS TO SET

1. The stock of the sliding bevel is held firmly against the wood and the lock is loosened allowing the angle of the blade to be altered.

2. The lock on the sliding bevel is tightened so that the angle of the blade cannot be altered accidentally. A marking knife is used to mark a line at the correct angle.

A marking gauge is used to mark a line parallel to a straight edge on timber.

The stem and stock are made from beech and the thumbscrew from plastic.

The gauge has a sharp point called a spur. This is made from hardened steel

CUTTING GAUGE: If the spur is replaced with a small knife it is now called a cutting gauge and is used for cutting lines into solid wood surfaces in preparation for veneering or inlaying.

Name this tool from the picture.

Name the parts of this tool

1. Set the gauge approximately half way from one side of the wood.

2. Then measure from the other side.

3. Tap the stem to adjust the spur.

4. Repeat until spur is in the middle of wood.

The housing joints are half the depth of the wood.

State how a marking gauge can be set to the correct depth without using a rule

This tool is very similar to the marking gauge but this gauge marks two parallel lines opposed to the marking gauges one line. It is ideal for the marking out of mortise and bridle joints.

1. Describe two steps to mark a 12mm mortise centrally on the table leg.

2. Describe two adjustments that could be made to this tool

To set:

1. Turn the adjustment screw to set the

spurs to the correct distance apart

2. Set the stock to place the spurs

centrally and lock this by turning the

locking screw.

The marking knife is used to mark lines on wood, usually across the grain. A knife cuts a thinner and more accurate line than a pencil. It is nearly always used with a try square.

An outside calliper is a device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object.

The tips of the calliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured, the calliper is then removed and the distance read by measuring between the tips with a measuring tool, such as a steel rule.

Outside callipers are always used when turning wood on the lathe to measure the diameter of the wood .

1. State the name of the tool used to check the diameters when turning.

2. Describe the purpose of outside callipers.

A Dovetail Template is used to draw around for making a dovetail joint.

Card templates are used for woodturning. They must be drawn accurately because any inaccuracies will reflect on the final turned piece

The diagram below shows the decorative top piece of the shelving unit. This

has to be reproduced many times.

Name the marking out aid that is used to ensure all the decorative top

pieces are marked out identically.

The shaded areas are to identify waste wood.

You must always saw on the shaded side of your line.

The diagram below shows how the end rail is marked out before it is cut.

Explain the purpose of shading in the areas shown in this diagram.