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M A Y 1 9 6 8

May 1: Recommending $353-million cut i n Administrationt s requested $4.37-bi l l ion NASA FY 1969 authorization, House Republican Policy

Committee sa id , unless Government spending was dramatically reduced, "the cost of l i v i n g may reach t h e moon before our astronauts. " Committee urged reduct ions i n Apollo Applications program, administra- t i v e operations, and public r e l a t i ons and suggested t h a t MSA place g rea te r emphasis on R&D programs leading t o fu ture space advances. "Stockpiling of expensive hardware t h a t may be obsoiete by t h e time it i s f i n a l l y needed, I' could not be j u s t i f i ed . ( ~ e x t ; Sehls tedt , B - Sun, 5/2/68, A6; E, 5/7/68, 31)

. Oakland Tribune pr in ted ed i t o r i a l , "Space Race Has Big Stakes": "The o r b i t a l bomb i s one ch i l l i ng example of t h e po t en t i a l m i l i t a ry t h r e a t posed by t h e Soviet space program. Yet, so f a r , t h e only o f f i c i a l l y announced U.S. reaction. . .has been repor t s of plans f o r an over-the-horizon radar t o lengthen t h e warning time against o r b i t a l devices and miss i les .

"It would be more reassuring t o t h e nat ion i f t h e Pentagon were given t h e author i ty t o devote whatever resources it requires t o counter t h e o r b i t a l bomb t h r e a t , not simply with defensive measures but with an offensive mi l i t a ry capabi l i ty of our own.... The ul t imate p r i ze i n t h e space race may be nat ional survival. ' ' Gater, i n se r t i ng e d i t o r i a l i n t o Congressional Record, Chairman George P. Miller (D-ca l i f . ) of House Committee on Science and Astronautics, sa id t h a t "going t o t h e moon i s not a s tunt but a serious, s c i e n t i f i c e f f o r t . I' (CL, 7/7/68, ~ 3 8 7 9 )

. Second stage of vehic le expected t o be f i r s t manned ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a ~ t u r n V space vehic le was shipped from Kennedy Space Center launch s i t e t o Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y f o r cryogenic proof pressure t e s t by North American Rockwell Corp. personnel. Test , scheduled f o r June, would fu r the r c e r t i f y i n t e g r i t y of stage ' s l i q u i d hydrogen tank and would '>e conducted on a l l 2nd stages f o r manned ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a t u r n missions. Stage would be reshipped t o KSC about Ju ly 1. (MSFC Release 68-93)

. Edgar M. Cortr ight , former NASA Deputy Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space Fl ight , assumed du t ies a s Director of NASA Langley Research Center. He succeeded D r . Floyd L. Thompson, who was serving a s Special Assistant t o MSA Administrator James E. Webb. Cortr ight had served a t Lewis Research Center from 1948 t o 1958 and a t NASA dq. since 1958. ( ~ a n ~ l e ~ Researcher, 5/17/68, 1 )

. NASA personnel changes: M/G Robert H. Curtin (USA, Ret. ) was appointed Director of F a c i l i t i e s , report ing t o Assistant Administrator f o r Administration. He had been Director of Civ i l Engineering, Office of Deputy Chief of S t a f f , Programs and Resources, USAF Hq.

May 1 (continued) Rdph E. Cushman, who joined National Advisory Committee f o r

Aeronautics i n 1939, was appointed Special Assistant t o NASA Assis tant Administrator f o r Administration. (NASA Ann)

. USAP announced modification of F-111A f l i g h t control system t o correct "binding ac t ion i n t h e actuator mechanism. " F-11IAs i n U. S. and Thailand had been grounded b r i e f l y u n t i l "precautionary measures" had been taken. Pentagon could not ascer ta in i f problem had contrib- uted t o l o s s of two of t h r ee 3'-lllAs i n Southeast Asia during past 10 wk since wreckage had not been found. USAF said, however, F - l l l l l ' s sa fe ty record was superior t o t h a t of other supersonic f i g h t e r s during ea r ly f l i g h t s . (corddry, B Sun, 5/2/68, A3; - NYT, 5/2/68, 15)

. Twenty nations, including U.S., U.S.S.R., and U.K., presented d r a f t r eso lu t ion i n U.N. General Assembly urging "widest possible adherence" t o U.S.-U.S.S.R. t r e a t y t o bar spread of nuclear weapons and t o pursue urgent negotiat ions on fu r ther measures t o h a l t nuclear arms race. ( d e ~ n i s , NYT, - 5/2/68, 12)

May 2: House passed, by 262-to-105 vote, NASA FY 1969 author izat ion b i l l (H. R. 15856) of $4.031 b i l l i o n , including $3.383 b i l l i o n f o r R&D, $45 mil l ion f o r construction of f a c i l i t i e s , and $602 mil l ion f o r administrat ive operations. NASA had requested $4.37 b i l l i o n . Rep. James G. Ful ton 's ( R - ~ a . ) amendment was adopted t o cut $142.4 mi l l ion from Apollo Applications program--leaving $252.2 mil l ion, $186.4 mil l ion l e s s than NASA had requested f o r o rb i t ing workshop and lunar exploration. Second amendment, offered by Rep. Xichard Roudebush (R-1nd. ) and subsequently adopted, cut administrat ive operations a l loca t ion by $43.5 mil l ion, making t o t a l of almost $186-million reduction i n $4.2l7-bil l ion author izat ion recommended by House Committee on Science and Astronautics. During f l oo r debate Rep. Olin E. Teague (D- ex. ) , Chairman of House Committee on Science and Astronautics' Subcommittee on Manned Space F l igh t , answered Apollo Applications program c r i t i c s ' charge t h a t NASA's Orbiting Workshop would duplicate USKF's Manned Orbiting Laboratory, explaining t h a t p ro jec t s d i f fe red i n nature and purpose. Ju s t i f i c a - t i o n f o r each stood "on i t s own f ee t . " MOL objectives were t o develop, op-r2te and evaluate special ized experiments and m i l i t a r y equipment requir ing manned space operations, and DOD would draw on NASA experience i n systems involved i n Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. MOL was "example of u t i l i z a t i o n by another department ... of NASA- developed space technology. " (CRY 5/2/68, H3229-661; Sehls tedt , B Sun, 5/3/68, 1; Lannan, W Star , 5/3/68; Gr i f f in , H Chron, 5/3/68; SBD, 5/3/68, 15; Aero ~ a i l ~ , ' m / 6 8 ) -

May 2: New Tanay ear th s t a t i on near Manila par t i c ipa ted i n U. S. - -- - Phil ippines commercial s a t e l l i t e t e lev i s ion inaugural with t e l e c a s t between Washington, D . C . , and Manila v i a landl ine t o s a t e l l i t e ea r th s t a t i o n a t Brewster F l a t , Wash. F a c i l i t y functioned through INTELSAT II/F-2 a t 22,300-mi a l t i t u d e over Pacif ic . ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ o r p Release 68-22)

. NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space Fl ight , D r . George E. Mueller, a t dedication of Grissom and Chaffee Halls a t Purdue Univ. sa id , "The pressing sociological problems beset t ing t h i s nat ion w i l l require a high order of technological s k i l l t o solve." Space program was contributing t o "fundamental solution" of problems of poverty and human welfare by bringing "advancement i n economic and technological growth. " Space f l i g h t would help public understand a b i l i t y of industry, science, and government t o work together t o mobilize resources. on or- ing l a t e astronauts Vi rg i l I. Grissom and Rober B. Chaffee, D r . Mueller predicted space program would "help t o shape our future" and U.S. would continue "to r e l y upon t h e v i s ion and dedication of men such a s Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee." Conquest of space would be "our most enduring memorial t o these men." ( ~ e x t )

. NASA Administrator James E. Webb delivered f i r s t of t h r ee McKinsey Foundation lec tu res , "Reflections on Government Service," before Columbia Univ. Graduate School of Business. "Our socie ty has reached a point where i t s progress and even survival increas ingly depend upon our a b i l i t y t o organize t h e complex and do t h e unusual. We cannot do t h e th ings we have t o do except by employment of l a rge aggregations of power i n highly special ized forms," he sa id .

Present technological revolution was "the most decisive event of our times. " Great i ssue of t h e age was whether U. S. c o d d , within framework of acceptable i n s t i t u t i ons , "organize t h e use and develop- ment of advanced technology a s e f fec t ive ly a s t h e USSR with i t s t o t a l i t a r i a n system of a l loca t ing and u t i l i z i n g human and mater ia l resources." Webb believed capab i l i t i e s of U.S. system gave us "immense advantage over a l l other systems. I' ( ~ e x t )

. U.S. m i l i t a r y sources i n Saigon sa id USAF F-111A a i r c r a f t had been r e s t r i c t e d t o t r a in ing f l i g h t s i n Thailand. Three a i r c r a f t had been l o s t on war zone f l i g h t s since being sent t o Southeast Asia i n mid-March. F - l l U s had not flown combat missions and reconnaissance f l i g h t s f o r f i v e days but were not grounded. P i l o t s had been making proficiency f l i g h t s and pract ic ing takeoffs and landings a t Ta Khli A i r Base i n Thailand. (UPI, W - Star , 5/2/68, 1)

. Donald A. Hall, designer of L indbe raa i r c r a f t , S p i r i t of St . Louis, died i n San Diego, Cal i f . , a t age 69. (E, 7/3/68, 33)

May 3: MSA launched Missile Range. F i r

two Aerobee 150 sounding rockets from White Sands s t ca r r ied Princeton Univ. Observatory payload t o a l t i t u d e t o point two spectrographs toward hot

s t a r s i n Scorpius t o study t h e i r EW rad ia t ion with 1 resolut ion, and 0 .3 resolut ion. Rocket and instrumentation performed s a t i s - f a c t o r i l y . Second Aerobee 150, launched 30 min l a t e r , ca r r ied Columbia Univ. experiment t o 2.1-mi (3.3-km) a l t i t u d e t o search f o r x-ray emission from known extragalact ic objects i n radio galaxy M-87 and i n quas i s t e l l a r object 3CZ73. Rocket performance was unsat is factory because susta iner did not ign i te . Instrumentation performance was sa t i s fac tory . (NASA Rpt SRL)

. NASA Lewis Research Center announced organizational changes: D r . Seymour C. Himmel, Assistant Director f o r Launch Vehicles, was named Chief of new Special Projects Div. f o r j e t noise and V/STOL a i r c r a f t study and t o new post of Assistant Director f o r Aeronautics. Newell D. Sanders, Chief of Chemistry and Energy Conversion Div., would assume addi t ional du t ies a s Assistant Chief of Special Projects Div.

Milton A. Beheim, Chief of Aerodynamics Branch, ~dvanced ' Systems Div., was appointed Chief of new Wind Tunnel and Fl ight Div.

Edmund R. Jonash, Chief of Centaur Project Office, was named Chief of new Launch Vehicles Div., which would include previously separate Centaur, Agena, and Atlas Project Offices. William R. Dunbar would become Project Manager f o r Centaur. H. Warren Plohr and Edward F. Baehr continued as Agena and Atlas Project Managers. ( L ~ R C Release 68-29)

. Washington Evening S t a r e d i t o r i a l on F-111 ca l led l o s s of t h r ee a i r c r a f t cause f o r concern but sa id there was no reason t o conclude "serious def ic iencies" were involved. '"What i s very obviously involved i s a serious overdose of publ ic i ty . The plane, which began i t s l i f e f i v e years ago as t h e TFX, has been enveloped i n p o l i t i c a l controversy v i r t u a l l y from t h e moment of inception." Six a i r c r a f t l o s t i n f i r s t 9,500 hr of f ly ing was "bet ter record than was compiled over same period of time by l a s t seven A i r Force f i g h t e r s , " a l l of which remained i n act ive service. (W -9 Star 5/3/68; CR, 5/8/68, ~ 3 9 0 5 )

. NASA awarded $73-million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract t o Boeing Co. f o r t echn ica l in tegra t ion and evaluation i n support of Apollo program. Agreement was an addi t ion t o Boeing's previously contracted Saturn V work and could be extended a s necessary. (NASA Release 68-85)

May 4: Preliminary "pathfinder" f l i g h t s could delay U.S.S.R. ' s f i r s t manned lunar and planetary f l i g h t s according t o Soviet s c i e n t i s t

May 6: Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong e jected and parachuted t o s a f e ty from NASA' s $2.5-million Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) while f l y ing simulated lunar landing a t Ell ington AFB, Tex. Vehicle, which had reached 500-f't a l t i t ude , crashed and burned on impact. Cause of accident was unknown. ( C Trib, 5/7/68; B - Sun, 5/7/68; MSC Roundup, 5/10/68, 1 )

. NASA would begin new f l i g h t t e s t s e r i e s i n l a t e spring t o evaluate methods and equipment designed t o dampen out i n f l i g h t s t ruc ' tural v ib ra t ions i n XB-70 research a i r c r a f t . Test data would be used t o determine po t en t i a l value of s imilar systems under consideration f o r supersonic t ranspor t use i n improving f l i g h t performance and delaying s t ruc tu r a l fa t igue . (FRC Release 12-68)

. U. S. and U. S. S. R. confirmed technica l amendment t o November 1966 agree- ment which removed l a s t obstacle t o inauguration of d i r ec t a i r service between New York and Moscow. Authorization f o r intermediate t r a f f i c s top enroute f o r both nat ional c a r r i e r s meant service could s t a r t i n 30 days. rose, m, 5/7/68, 95)

May 7: U. S. S. R. successfully launched Cosmos CCXX i n t o o rb i t with 755-km (469.1-mi) apogee, 677-km (420.7-mi) perigee, 99-min period, . - -

and 74' . incl inat ion. A l l equipment was functioning normally. (SBD, - 5/8/68, 39; AP, - NYT, 5/8/68, 93; GSFC E, 5/15/68)

. NASA successfully launched Canadian Black Brandt IV sounding rocket from NASA Wallops S ta t ion t o 510-mi (820-km) a l t i t ude . Primary objective was t o check out instrumentation t o be ca r r ied l a t e r i n 1968 on In te rna t iona l S a t e l l i t e f o r Ionospheric Studies (ISIS A) , Canada's t h i r d ionosphere-probing s a t e l l i t e , and t o confirm r e s u l t s of s imilar 1967 launch. Secondary objectives were t o explore spectrum of VLF electromagnetic waves, measure e lec t ron densi ty and temperature, and measure thermal gradients i n v i c i n i t y of a skin depression. Launch was conducted when Canada's Alouette I1 was passing overhead, t o permit comparison of data telemetered t o ea r th by both vehic les . Good data were obtained. (NASA Rpt SRL; WS Release 68-10)

. Lawrence A. Hyland, Vice President and General Manager of Hughes A i r - c r a f t Go., received Robert J. Col l ier Trophy f o r 1967 on behalf of Hughes Surveyor Program Team, J e t Propulsion Laboratory, and other companies and organizations involved i n project which c i t a t i o n sa id , had "put t h e eyes and hands of t he U.S. on t he moon. " National Aeronautic Assn. 's award was fo r g rea tes t achievement i n aeronautics o r as t ronaut ics i n U. S.

May 7 (continued); A t ceremonies i n Washington, D . C . , Vice President Hubert H.

Humphrey ca l led U.S. space program "a splendid challenge and a noble mission ... one whose p r ac t i c a l benef i t s for today a re exceeded only by i t s promise f o r tomorrow. I urge every American t o support t h e fu tu r e development of our space program, and I. . . s h a l l do so with pr ide and vigor. "

Humphrey sa id nat ion had decided t o commit resources " to venture i n space f o r one primary reason: We believe t h a t t h i s mission t o t h e far-out w i l l produce many down-to-earth benef i t s f o r men.... I n fac t . . . t h e nat ion t h a t i s f i r s t i n science and technology has a chance t o be t h e f i r s t t o overcome some of t h e perplexing problems t h a t have beset mankind since t h e beginning of c iv i l i z a t i on . " He pointed out, "Space research has v a s t l y expanded our capab i l i t i e s i n navigation, communica- t i o n and meteorology. It has given us new products and processes i n such f i e l d s a s agr icu l tu re , photography, metallurgy, and oceanography." Techniques "that a r e going t o put a man on t h e moon a re ... exact ly t h e techniques t h a t we a re going t o need t o clean up our c i t i e s ; . ... t h e systems analysis approach.. . i s t h e approach t h a t t h e modern c i t y of America i s going t o need i f i t ' s going t o become a l i vab l e soc i a l i n s t i t u t i o n .

"So maybe we've been pioneering i n space only t o save ourselves on ear th . . .maybe t h e nat ion t h a t puts a man on t h e moon i s t h e nat ion t h a t w i l l put man on h i s f e e t f i r s t r i g h t here on ea r th . . . .

"I th ink a ce r t a in extravagance of objectives--a w i l l t o push back t h e f r o n t i e r s of t h e uritmown--is t h e t e s t of a v i t a l society, a nat ion t h a t intends t o meet t h e challenge of tomorrow. . . . " ( ~ e x t ; AF, W -, Sta r 5/8/68, ~ 4 ; Aero --, Tech 5 /20 /68 , 19)

. U. S. patent No. 3,381,917 was awarded t o Wendell I?. Moore, a s s i s t an t chief engineer a t Be l l Aerosystems Co. , and Edward G. Ganczak, research assoc ia te , f o r Be l l Pogo and Flying Chair, f l y ing platforms on which p i l o t could s tand o r s i t on f u e l tank. Engine w a s kerosene tu rbo je t . Both had arm p ieces with which p i l o t d i rec ted t h r u s t . P i l o t could disembark without encumbrance, advantage usefu l t o so ld ie r s , policemen., o r firemen. ones, - NYT, 5/11/68, 45)

. Juan T. Trippe, founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Off icer of Pan American World Airways, Inc ., announced h i s retirement a t annual meet - ing i n 'New York. Boar:d of Directors e lected President Harold E. Gray Chairman and Chief Ex.ecutive Officer, and Senior Vice President Najeeb E. Halaby, Pres ident .

C i t ing Trippe' 8 41-yr service with Pan Am, New York Times termed him " l a s t of t h e av ia t ion pioneers" t o r e t i r e . One of four who forged major U. S. t runk a i r l i n e s i n industry ' s infancy, Trippe

May 7 (continued) had l e d Pan Am t o be f i r s t a i r l i n e t o f l y across Pacif ic , f i r s t t o f l y across At lant ic , f i r s t t o order and f l y American-made j e t s , f i r s t t o order Boeing 747, and f i r s t t o order SSTs. New Chairman Gray, h i red by Pan Am( i n 1929 a s i t s 10th p i l o t , had made f i r s t scheduled t r a n s a t l a n t i c f l i g h t , i n 1938. He had served a s President since 1964. Halaby, p i l o t since age of 17 and former FAA Administrator, ha joined a i r l i n e a s senior v ice president i n 1965. (~awner , - NYT, 5/8/68, 63; 5/12/68, 1 6 ~ )

. Atomic Energy Commission refused comment on Science and Ci t izen repor t U. S. had s e t off 3 and U. S. S. R. 22 undisclosed underground atomic t e s t s i n 1964 through 1967, bringing t o t a l underground t e s t s t o 168 f o r pas t t h r ee years. Magazine, published by Committee f o r Environmental Infor- mation i n St . Louis, Mo., sa id source of information was publ icat ion of Research I n s t i t u t e of Swedish National Defense and t h a t t h r ee undis- closed U.S. t e s t s had occurred i n 1964. A l l subsequent U.S. t e s t s had been reported. (W Post, 5/7/68, 7 )

May 8: House passed by record 353-to-37 vote H.R. 17023, FY 1969 Independent Offices and HUD appropriations b i l l . Before f l oo r debate H.R. 1164, waiving points of order against NASA provisions, was passed by voice vote. As passed, H. R. 17023 provided $4.008 b i l l i o n f o r ~ ~ ~ ~ - - $ 9 5 9 . 7 7 7 mil l ion below FY 1967 l e v e l and $580.677 mi l l ion below FY 1967. (CR, - ~3458-502)

. European Space Research Organization (ESRO) successfully launched f i r s t two-stage Centaure rocket f i r e d from I t a l y a t Perdasdefogu,' Sardinia, carrying Max Plank I n s t i t u t e (~andau , ~ e r m a n ~ ) payload t o 88.5-km (55-mi) a l t i t u d e i n 118 sec. (A2, W Post, 5/9/68)

. Arr iva l of Frime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn of Thailand a t White House marked f i r s t t r anspac i f ic s a t e l l i t e t e l e c a s t of v i s i t i n g head-of - s t a t e t o h i s home country. Telecast a l so inaugurated t e l ev i s ion from U. S. t o S r i Racha ea r th s t a t i on i n Southeast Asia. (comsat~orp Release 68-24)

. U W F-11U a i r c r a f t crashed on t r a in ing f l i g h t 60 m i north of Las Vegas, Nev. Ins t ruc tor and student p i l o t escaped injury. USAF sa id cause of crash was not known., F-11lAs had been c r i t i c i z e d a f t e r th ree of s i x sent t o Thailand were l o s t within weeks. (UPI, W Post, 5/9/68, A8; AP, W - Star , 5/9/68, D7; UPI, W News, 5/9/68, 2)

May 9: U. S. reconnaissance s a t e l l i t e , o rb i t ing a t a l t i t u d e s ,- hundred miles, had discovered t h a t U.S.S. Pueblo was no longer m o o ~ ~ - i n North Korean por t of Wonsan. Vessel had occupied t h a t be r th since her capture by North Koreans Jan. 23. S ta te Dept. confirmed absence of vesse l but would not discuss source of information. ( ~ o u l d e n , - P Inq, 5/10/68, 2 )

. I n second McKinsey Foundation l e c tu r e a t Columbia Univ., NASA Adminis- t r a t o r James E. Webb discussed "Goal Set t ing and Feedback i n Large Scale Endeavors." NASA had created "in-house t echn ica l and administra- t i v e competencet' making possible "correct judgments" and thus could move "to t h e voter- judgment arena with confidence. " USA' s "integrated system" approach had proved more e f fec t ive than "independent components I' approach of pas t i n solving problems of space development. Successful working partnership of un ivers i t i es , industry, and government had yielded product, i n usable resources, "greater than t h e sum of i t s pa r t s . " Sc ien t i f i c R&D expenditures i n l a rge endeavors could contribute more t o economic growth i n next decade than any other s ingle f ac to r . Maximum t r a n s f e r of technology t o norispace use should be "purposefully and systematically sought." Costs of space accomplishments had been " less than th ree percent of t h e t o t a l of our federa l expenditures" f o r Y r s t 10 yr and " less than f i v e one thousandths of our gross nat ional groduct. I' More than 9& went t o laborator ies and f ac to r i e s , outside NASA.

Questioning a s swnpt ion t h a t democratic system was not capable of meeting complex problems and t h a t Americans were los ing des i re t o pioneer, Webb declared t h a t "we have t h e a b i l i t y ... t o organize our- selves, our knowledge, and our resources t o accomplish almost any task. . .we may s e t ourselves. " ( ~ e x t )

. D r . Charles A. Berry, Director of Medical Research and Operations, Manned Spacecraft Center, was e lected 1969 President of Aerospace Medical Assn. a t 39th Annual Meeting i n Bal Harbor, Fla. Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin was named honorary member. (MSC Roundup, 5/24/68, 1 )

. USAF r e s t r i c t e d a l l F-111.A f l i g h t s i n U.S. and i n Southeast Asia pending invest igat ion of crash i n Nevada May 8. Five F-111As i n Thailand would conduct no a i r s t r i ke s . USAF spokesman sa id a i r - c r a f t were not grounded i n technical sense because grounding re fe r red t o ha l t ing a l l f l i h t s t o make spec i f ic modifications o r repa i r s . (AP, W Post, 5$10/68, 1; AP, W - Star , 5/10/68, A7; NYT -9

5/11/68, 2)

May 10: Marshall Space Fl ight Center contract a c t i v i t y : Brown Engineer- ing Co. received $1-million one-year contract renewal fo r support services at MSFC Space Sciences Laboratory. A. L. Mechling Inc. , was awarded $556,416 one-year contract f o r barge towing service on t h e Tennessee, Mississippi , and Ohio r i ve r s , Gulf of Mexico, and At lan t ic i n t e r c o s t a l waterways. (MSFC Releases 68-100, 68-101)

. Sta te governments would require understanding of technical and s c i e n t i f i c matters t o deal with pol lut ion, educational improvements, crime preven- t i o n , preservation of na tura l environment, and provision of recreat ion f a c i l i t i e s , according t o Science ed i t o r i a l . Government t rends indicated increasing number and r e spons ib i l i t i e s of s t a t e science advisory bodies. "A un ivers i ty t h a t chose t o specia l ize i n t h e study of t h e r e l a t i ons between s t a t e (and perhaps l a rge c i t y ) governments and science and technology would pioneer a d i f fe ren t area of specia l izat ion, and could begin s tud ies p r ac t i c a l l y a t t h e beginning of t h e development of formal means of providing science advice t o s t a t e governments. " ( ~ o l f l e , Science, 5110165)

. Economics of drug industry impeded large-scale col lect ion and t e s t i n g of medically useful substances from t h e sea, according t o s c i e n t i s t s addressing three-day symposium sponsored by Botanical Museum of Harvard Univ. and American Academy of Arts and Sciences i n Cambridge, Mass. As ways were found t o grow oceanic bac te r ia and other p lan t s i n laboratory, search f o r new medical substances would become eas ie r , but development of such techniques was, i n i t s e l f , cos t ly . ( ~ u l l i v a n , NYT, 5/10/68, 4 8 ~ ) -

May 11: NASA's Goddard S a t e l l i t e Tracking Center reported upper stage of e ighth Molniya I booster, launched April 21 by U.S.S.R., had reentered ea r th1 s atmosphere and dis integrated over Florida. (k,

. NASA, USN, Dept. of t h e In t e r i o r , and General E l ec t r i c Co. announced plans f o r Operation Tekt i te , 60-day study of ocean f l o o r by four U. S. s c i e n t i s t s i so la ted a t 50-ft depth i n Greater Lameshur Bay, Virgin Islands, i n February 1969. Project , f i r s t such program undertaken j o in t l y by government agencies and pr iva te industry, would be longest continuous undersea study by a diving team. Previous record was 45 days.

NASA would acquire data on human endurance; USN, on engineer- ing, marine science, and human behavior; and In t e r i o r , on marine geology, underwater mapping, and f i s h l i f e . General E l ec t r i c would bu i ld laboratory. braha ham, P EB, - 5/1/68; Wilford, - NYT, 5/2/68, 18; ARC stropam am, 5/ 23/68, 3)

May 12: A t dedicati.on ceremony attended by l 9 , O O O , USAF o f f i c i a l l y renamed Bunker H i l l AFB Grissom AFB i n honor of Astronaut V i rg i l I. Grissom who died Jan. 27, 1967, i n Apollo f i r e . (z, 5/13/68)

. Nearly f a l l ou t - f r ee nuclear explosive appeared within U.S. grasp a s r e s u l t of two Atomic Energy Commission Plowshare nuclear excavation t e s t s Jan. 26 and March 12 a t Nevada t e s t s i t e . Small s i z e of explosives used had confined f a l l ou t within few hundred yards of c r a t e r s , with rad ia t ion a t source undetectable a f t e r t h r ee days.

, (0 'Toole, W Post, 5/12/68)

M a 13: Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences approved .151 b i l l i o n NASA FY 1969 authorization, adding $119.137 mi l l ion *

t o H.R. 15856 which had authorized $4.031 b i l l i on . Figure s t i l l was approximately 5% below $4.37 b i l l i o n requested by President Johnson. Senate voted $350 mil l ion f o r Apollo Applications, compared with $253.2 mi l l ion i n House, and $55 mi l l ion f o r NERVA program, a s against $11. 7--increasing R&D funds t o $3.475 b i l l i on . Both houses agreed on a l loca t ion of $2.025 b i l l i o n f o r Apollo program. Senate committee cut construction of f a c i l i t i e s funds by $5.4 mil l ion t o $39.6 mil l ion, but increased administrat ive operat ions by $32.4 mi l l ion to $635.6 mill ion. (NASA LAR VI1/48; AP, - NYT, 5/14/68; Sehls tedt , B - Sun, 5/14/68)

. Saturn V 2nd stage was being shipped from NASA Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y t o launch s i t e a t Kennedy Space Center f o r May 15 delivery. Also enroute was Saturn I B stage from MSl?C t o Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , following Chrysler Corp. s t a t i c f i r i n g , and Saturn V booster t ranspor te r being returned t o Michoud. (MSFC Release 68-104)

. Environmental Science Services Administration was studying so la r f l a r e predic t ion technique and ground observatory support f o r NASA' s Apollo Telescope Mount f l i g h t scheduled f o r 1971. NASA had t rans fe r red $30,000 t o ESSA f o r six-month invest igat ion t o enable as t ronauts t o know when and where so la r f l a r e would occur with accuracy of l e s s than 1,000 m i . ESSA a l so would study data required f o r maximum r e s u l t s from ATM mission and examine ex i s t ing data col lect ion networks and observing procedures. ESSA e f f o r t would be monitored by ATM Project Office and Space Sciences Laboratory a t Marshall Space F l igh t Center. (MXFC Release 68-103; - SBD, 5/15/68, 73)

. Free world's l a rge s t experimental comsat was being b u i l t by Hughes Ai rc ra f t Co. under U W Space and Missile Systems Organization management. The 1,600-lb sa te l l i te- -designed t o provide t e s t i n g f o r t a c t i c a l communications between mi l i t a ry u n i t s i n t he f i e l d ,

May 1 3 (continued) ships a t sea, and aircraft--was scheduled f o r l a t e 1968 delivery. It would be launched by Ti tan 1 1 1 - C booster i n to 22,300-mi-altitude o r b i t and would be equipped with t h r ee antenna systems. During o r b i t a l t e s t s , standard mi l i t a ry UHF band would be used f o r air-ground communications and super-high frequency port ion of X band f o r m i l i t a ry s a t e l l i t e communi- cations. (AFSC Release 64.68)

. National Sporting Aviation Council, formed Feb. 16, adopted o f f i c i a l char ter a t f i r s t meeting held i n Washington, D. C., affirming i t s o r i g ina l mission t o promote progress and development of a l l forms of sport avia t ion i n U.S. through National Aeronautic Assn. and worldwide through Fkdkrat ion Agronautique Internat ionale. (W News) -

. Public, "through i t s government, " had been forced t o accept F-l l lA, according t o Tampa Times ed i t o r i a l . Now USAF had grounded remaining F-11lAs a f t e r unexplained May 8 Nevada crash during t r a i n i n g f l i gh t - - seventh l o s s of t h e a i r c r a f t i n 15 mo. USfiF had been "moderately happy" with development of F-111A but USN found F-111B too heavy f o r a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r operations. Several a i r c r a f t had been l o s t i n Vietnam and f a u l t supposedly had been corrected, but crash "raised doubts.. .. Eventually, a f t e r enough money and engineering e f f o r t a r e expended t h e plane might become airworthy. But a t t h e moment it i s making i t s o r i g ina l c r i t i c s look good. " ( ~ a m ~ a Times, 5/13/68, 17)

. D r . Walter Haeussermann was se lected t o Fellowship i n American Astro- nau t ica l Society f o r "di rect and s ign i f ican t contribution t,o t he f i e l d of as t ronaut ics , " a s Director of Astrionics Laboratory, Marshall Space Fl ight Center. (MXFC Release 68-102)

. John B. Tuke had assembled operable weather-picture receiving s t a t i on a t h i s home i n Stranraer, Scotland, out of spare e lec t ron ic pa r t s , old antenna, e l e c t r i c motor, and tuning fork f o r about $480. One of f i r s t amateurs t o construct homemade receiving s e t , Tuke was able t o receive p ic tu res from ESSA and Nimbus s a t e l l i t e s f o r 15 min, from lower Spain t o Arctic, on each pass. I n t e r e s t i n amateur s t a t i ons had grown t o point t h a t NASA had published booklet of ins t ruc t ions fo r building ground s t a t i ons [see Apri l 261 and Electro-Mechanical Research Co. i n College Park, Md., had begun s e l l i n g packaged s e t s f o r $5,000. ( ~ i l f o r d , NYT, - 5/13/68)

May 14: USAF Ti tan 1 1 1 - C booster launched from ETR inse r ted e ight I n i t i a l Defense Communications S a t e l l i t e Program (IDCSP) comsat s i n t o random, near-c i rcular equator ia l o r b i t s t o jo in 17 similar comsat s launched since June 16, 1966, a s par t of worldwide mi l i t a ry communications system which would eventually include 23 comsat s . Lates t launch boosted average time ava i l ab i l i t y of s a t e l l i t e s between Vietnam and Hawaii from 9% t o 9% f o r top p r i o r i t y messages and f'rom 60% t o 85% for lower p r io r i t y . (AP, W -3 Star 5/14/68, ~ 3 )

. ComSatCorp Chairman James McCormack submitted Annual Report t o share- holders ' meeting i n Washington, D. C. INTELSAT I, II/F-2, II/F-3, and II/F-4 were reasonably loaded with commercial communications t r a f f i c ; I n t e l s a t I11 was scheduled f o r l a t e summer del ivery and launching during f a l l 1968 and spring 1969. I n t e l s a t IV se r i e s would be presented f o r Government approval short ly. It was hoped development could be under way before end of 1968. More than half t h e 40 ea r th s t a t i ons ant ic ipated t o be i n operation by 1969 were expected t o be operating by end of 1968. Transoceanic TV was sa t i s fac tory . Despite t echn ica l problems, s a t e l l i t e operating c i r c u i t s maintained 10@ r e l i a b i l i t y . Total of 48 nations were represented by Interim Communica- t i o n s S a t e l l i t e Committee, t o which ComSatCorp had submitted several U.S. proposals: r e l a t i ng investments of global members d i r e c t l y t o amount of t h e i r use of system; l imi t ing voting power t o 5% maximum with substantivl i s sues decided by 21 3 majority; ComSat Corp ' s continuing a s Consortium manager with contractual obligations made more specif ic . Competent worldwide communications system v i a IJITELSAT could be avai lable by ea r ly '-970s.

ComSat Corp opposed authorization by Federal Communications Commi s- ;ion of separate s a t e l l i t e system f o r broadcast d i s t r i bu t i on as had been reposed.

Outstanding controversy of 1967 was proposal of AT&T and other U. S. in te rna t iona l c a r r i e r s t o l a y new 720-circuit t r a n s a t l a n t i c cable, TAT-5. While ComSatCorp opposed pro jec t , cable probably would be approved. However, proportional sharing of t r a f f i c would be more favorable t o ComSatCorp than previous FCC decision dividing U . S . - Caribbean t r a f f i c 50-50 between new cable and s a t e l l i t e services.

Construction was on schedule fo r second ear th s t a t i on antenna i n Hawaii and th ree new s t a t i ons i n California, West Virginia, and Puerto Rico.

With f i r s t quarter operating income of $372,000 and investment income of $1.426 mill ion, ComSatCorp rea l ized net income of $1.798 mil l ion, continuing prof i t ab le s a t e l l i t e operations begun during four th quar ter , 1967.

A t close of f i r s t quar ter 1968, investments i n communications f a c i l i t i e s amounted t o $73 mill ion. ComSatCorp expected t h i s t o exceed $100 mi l l ion a t end of 1968. ( ~ e x t )

May 14: NASA1 s Test and Training S a t e l l i t e - TTS I, carr ied pickaback a s secondary payload on Pioneer VIII and e jected i n to o rb i t Dec. 13, 1967, reentered atmosphere and was believed t o have burned up over Easter Is land i n Pacif ic . Spacecraft supplied 14-s ta t ion worldwide t racking network f l i g h t s . (NASA Release 68-86; AP, I' EB,

. Secretary of t h e A i r Force D r . Harold Brown t o l d Los Angeles Junior Chamber of Commerce t h a t i f U.S.S.R. long-range bomber force improved, U.S. might need new 2,000-mph F-12 interceptor re jec ted by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara i n 1967. Although U. S. S. R. had about 155 long-range bombers and U.S. had 680, USAF o f f i c i a l s feared U.S.S.R. might bu i ld advanced manned a i r c r a f t t o overpower what McNamara had acknowledged t o be an obsolete conventional a i r shield. Pentagon had announced major cutbacks i n ex i s t ing a i r defense u n i t s May 13. ( ~ e x t ; Omaha W-H, 5/15/68, 21)

. Parafo i l , s teerable parachute being developed and t e s t e d by Notre Dame Univ. under contract with U W ' s F l igh t Dynamics Laboratory, brought Sgt. Robert McDermott (USA) down from 35,000-ft a l t i t u d e i n demonstra- t i o n a t Wright-Patterson AFB. Parafoi l had a g l ide of near ly t h r ee f e e t f o r each foot of v e r t i c a l drop, enabling jumper t o s t e e r toward t a rge t . Steerable parachutes normally used f o r spot landings glided only about 1 /2 f t f o r each foot of f a l l . (AP, E, 5/15/68, 24)

. D r . Walton L. Jones, Chief of NASA's Biotechnology and Human Research Div., Office of Advanced Research and Technology, i n an interview reporkc study of 3,500 res iden ts of Chicago, Denver, Dallas, and Los Angeles had indicated some were more annoyed by aspects of a i r c r a f t noise than others. Noise was more objectionable ins ide t h e house than out. The deeper people s l ep t , t h e more boom it took t o wake them. People could adapt t o sonic boom, but data compiled thus f a r did not ind ica te t o what extent . D r . Jones1 work on improving sa fe ty of a i r c r a f t passenger and crew sea t s showed "many i n j u r i e s could be avoided i f sea t s were designed t o d i ss ipa te more energy." Good forward-facing sea t , possibly with shoulder harness, would be b e t t e r i n many ways than rear-facing seats . (CSM, - 5/14/68; - CR, 5/ 28/68, ~ 4 7 4 3 )

. D r . Arthur Rudolph, Saturn V Manager a t Marshall Space F l igh t Center f o r pas t 4% yr, was r e t i r i n g from Civ i l Service a f t e r 38 yr i n rocketry. He would be succeeded by Lee B. James, Deputy Director of Apollo program i n NASA Office of Manned Space F l igh t . Announcing D r . Rudolph's depar- t u r e , MSFC Director D r . Wernher von Braun said: "While we r eg re t t o see h i s approaching retirement, we a r e very pleased t h a t a man of Lee James1 experience and dedication i s ready t o pick up t h e r e spons ib i l i t i e s . " (MSFC Release 68-106; AP, NYT, - 5/15/68, 5; AP, W - Star , 5/15/68, 82)

May 15: NASA announced t h a t sinus condition whichwas aggravated by pressure changes and had not responded t o treatment l e d t o grounding-- perhaps permanently--of Astronaut John S. B u l l . Astronaut Robert A. R. Parker had suffered spine f rac ture during parachute t r a in ing a t Williams AFB, Ariz., but i n ju r i e s were not thought t o be serious. (AP, B -, Sun 5/16/68, A3; W - Star , 5/16/68; Houston Post, 5/16/68, 8 )

. NASA awarded North American Rockwell Corp. $2.575-million contract modification t o continue Saturn V (s-11) "bat t leship" or ground t e s t program a t Santa Susana, Cal i f . , t e s t center through July. Modifica- t i o n increased t o t a l contract f o r S-I1 stage development t e s t i n g and f a c i l i t y maintenance planning t o $1.281 b i l l i on . (MSFC Release 68-109)

May 16: ESRO 1 1 - B Internat ional Radiation Invest igat ion S a t e l l i t e (IRIS), designed, developed, and constructed by European Space Research Organiza- tion-undkr Ju ly 8 , 1964, NASA-ESRO agreement, was successfully launched by NASA from WTR by four-stage Scout booster. Orbi ta l parameters: apogee, 674 m i (1,090 km) ; perigee, 206 m i (330 km) ; period, 98.9 min; and inc l ina t ion , 97.2'. Primary NASA mission objectives were t o place ESRO 1 1 - B i n t o planned polar o rb i t and provide t racking and telemetry support. The 164-lb, 35*-in-high, 30-in-dia cy l indr ica l s a t e l l i t e ca r r ied seven experiments f o r solar-astronomy and cosmic-ray s tudies representing s i x d i f fe ren t organizations from U.K., France, and t h e Netherlands. Six of t h e experiments were operating a s planned and t h e i r s c i e n t i f i c objectives were being achieved.

ESRO 1 1 - B was backup spacecraft t o ESRO 11-A, which had been launched May 29, 1967, but had f a i l e d t o achieve o rb i t because of Scout 3rd stage malfunction. ESRO was responsible f o r experiment instrument a t ion, del ivery of spacecraft t o launch s i t e , equipment and personnel necessary t o mate spacecraft t o launch vehic le , and spacecraft t e s t i ng . NASA provided Scout launch vehic le , conducted launch operations, and supplied data and t racking acquis i t ion support. (NASA Proj Off; NASA Release 68-75; UPI, W Post, 5/17/68, D13;

W News, 5/17/68, 5; GSFC - SSR, 5/31/68)

. I n i t i a l recording of pulsar s ignals over 40- t o 2,293-mc frequency range were made by Drs. Alan Moffet, Ronald D. Ekers, and Richard M. Goldstein of Cal Tech using 210-ft Mars antenna a t Goldstone Tracking Sta t ion. Signalsf energy indicated or iginat ion from na tura l source such a s white dwarf s t a r s or neutron s t a r s . CP-1919, one of 2,293-mc pulsars , was weakest source ever recorded, with s igna l approximately 0 . 0 1 t h o s e of other two recorded sources. A t longer wavelengths CP-1919's s igna l was one of strongest out of four. ["cP" s ign i f ied Cambridge pulsar l i s t ; number indicated locat ion. ] D r . Moffet placed pulsar 100 t o 10,000 l i g h t years from ear th i n Milky Way Galaxy.

May 16 (continued) While signal lengths varied, periods remained constant. Period fo r CP-1919 was 1.33730109 sec; CP-1133 was 1.1879093 sec; CP-0950, 0.253647. Appaxent period seen by observers on ear th varied f 0.0001 sec annually. D r . Goldstein, Manager of Je t Propulsion Laboratory's communications systems research section, was studying tone s t ructure of quasar pulsars and conducting computer analysis t o determine a t which frequencies pulsars radiated most energies and the space through which pulsar signals traveled earthward. JPL engineers George Morris, Jr., Conrad Foster, and Samuel Brunstein b u i l t spectrum analyzer, receiver, and antenna feed. ( ~ a l Tech Release ; Pasadena Independent, 5/15/68

. President Johnson announced h i s intention t o nominate following f o r appointment t o six-year terms on National Science Board: R. H. Bing, Chairman, Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. of Wisconsin; Harvey Brooks, Dean of Engineering and Applied Physics, Harvard Univ.; W i l l i a m A. Fowler, Professor of Physics, C a l Tech; Norman Hackerman, President, Univ. of Texas a t Austin; Phi l ip Handler, Chairman, Dept. of Chemistry, Duke Univ. Medical Center; James G. March, Dean of Social Sciences, Univ. of California a t Irvine; Grover Murray, President, Texas Tech; and Frederick E. Smith, Professor of Zoology, Univ. of Michigan. (El, 5/20/68, 802)

. I n l a s t of three McKinsey Foundation lectures NASA Administrator James E. Webb discussed "Executive Performance and Evaluation. " NASA program a t peak l eve l had employed more than 400,000 full-t ime workers and 20,000 contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers and drawn on more than 1-50 universi t ies , i n addition t o 8,000 ~ A S A - supported professors, sc ien t i s t s , and technicians. It had worked with urban cornunities on problems i n connection with i t s program, reclaimed wasteland, constructed massive buildings, and developed new transportation means. MSA would not be viewed i n h is tory as unique but was l i k e l y "to prove a prototype. " How otherwise, asked Webb, "can we f e e l assurance tha t we can meet the problems of the future. . . ? I 1 As Administrator, Webb said, h i s purpose was t o work toward environment within which NASA could be "as innovative i n the management of a l l i t s a c t i v i t i e s as it was i n i t s sc i en t i f i c and technical work. Large-scale endeavor required executives of unusual ty-pe and had t o be designed t o enable executives t o perform i n an unusual way. Describing NASA "over-the-shoulder " supervision as "a kind of par t ic ipat ive and collaborative judgment-forming process with up t o four leve ls of hierarchical authority," he discussed evolution of high l eve l of executive performance at ta ined by NASA. Management structure was s t i l l evolving and, f o r a long time, would "remain anything but s t a t i c . " ( ~ e x t )

May 16: Apollo Telescope Mount preliminary design was reviewed a t Marshall Space F l igh t Center by industry and Government engineers, f o r decision on controls and displays f o r ATM- experiment s and sub- systems. (MSFC Release 68-107)

. New York Times e d i t o r i a l urged Congressional passage of l e g i s l a t i o n t o ban sonic booms: "While technical and budgetary d i f f i c u l t i e s have slowed development of an American supersonic a i r c r a f t , t h e B r i t i s h and French a r e progressing with t h e i r jo in t -venture model. It i s important t o have some protect ion on t h e law books before t h e booms come crashing down on t h e nat ion 's ea rs . . . . Developers ... say they 'assume' it w i l l f l y a t supersonic speed only over water but t h i s i s t oo important an issue t o be l e f t t o anyone's assumption."

Rep. Herbert Tenzer (D-N.Y. ) l a t e r pra ised e d i t o r i a l i n l e t t e r t o t h e ed i t o r and voiced h i s opposition t o SST development: "The SST i f developed w i l l serve l e s s than 1 per cent of t h e population of t he United S ta tes . It seems un rea l i s t i c t o approve an expenditure f o r such a p ro jec t which may t o t a l $5 b i l l i o n when Congress has reduced appropriat ions f o r programs i n education, housing, hea l th and t h e w a r on poverty .... The supersonic t ranspor t p ro jec t should be shelved u n t i l fu r ther study on control l ing sonic boom has been completed and u n t i l we have assigned p r i o r i t i e s f o r domestic programs t o meet human needs."

Concurring l a t e r i n House, Rep. William F. Ryan (D-N.Y. ) sa id several European nations planned t o ban SST overf l ight unless sonic boom problem was solved. (NYT, - 5/16/68, 46; 5/25/68, 32; CR, 5/28/68, ~ 4 7 0 7

May17: NASAAerobee 150 sounding rocket launched by NASA from White Sands Missile Range ca r r ied GSFC experiment t o 102.5-mi (165-km) a l t i t u d e t o measure W rad ia t ion from several early-type s t a r s . Rocket and instrumentation performed sa t i s f ac to r i l y . (NASA Rpt SRL)

. NASA had no t i f i ed agency elements t o hold permanent employment t o onboard s t rength a t close of May 13, t o minimize impact of po t en t i a l manpower adjustments necess i ta ted by cuts i n FY 1969 budget. F ie ld centers had been advised of possible fu r ther reduction by 75% of a t t r i t i o n May 14 -~une 30 (one replacement f o r every four l o s se s ) . FY 1969 budget included posi t ions fo r 32,727 permanent c i v i l service employees. NASA i n s t a l l a t i o n s had been requested t o assess program impact of continued reduction, which could exceed 1,000 i f current l i m i t a t ions continued. Actual support able employment l e v e l f o r FY 1969 depended on f i n a l appropriation approved. (NASA Release 68-91; AP, NYT, 5/19/68, 80; - SBD, 5/23/68, 114; Klu-btz, W Post , 5/27/68, A~T

May 17: House Committee on In ters ta te andForeign Commerce approved b i l l t o control a i r c ra f t noise levels and sonic boom. Committee, by voice vote, agreed on provisions empowering Federal Aviation Administration t o se t standards for measurement and regulations for control. (H.R. 1463; W Post, 5/17/68, 5)

. NASA announced organizational change effective May 19. Functions and personnel of Procurement Management Div. of Management Operations Directorate, Office of Manned Space Flight, was transferred t o Office of Industry Affairs. Procurement Office would become Program Support Div. (OMSF), reporting t o Director of Procurement.

Division, under direction of Sidney A. Cariski, comprised Apollo Programs Support group under L / C O ~ . James W. Penn and Apollo Applica- t i ons and Advanced Program Support group under Peter D. Koutsandreas. (EAsA ~ n n )

. NASA named five-man board with counsel t o investigate crash of Lunar Landing Research Vehicle piloted by Astronaut Neil Armstrong a t Ellington AFB, Tex., May 6. Board would determine probable cause of accident, ident i fy and evaluate corrective actions, and evaluate implication fo r LLRV and lunar module design and operations. (wSA Release 68-90)

May 18: NASA successfully launched Stratoscope 11, Princeton Univ.'s balloon-borne telescope, from Scient i f ic Balloon Flight Station, Palestine, Tex., t o a l t i t ude of 80,000 ft. Purpose was t o photograph the sky from a l t i t ude above 9% of ea r th ' s atmosphere. (NASA Release 68-93)

. Nimbus B spacecraft launched by NASA from WTR fa i l ed t o enter o rb i t because of malfunction i n booster. ~horad-Agena D booster and space- c ra f t were destroyed by Range Safety Officer. Sa te l l i t e , t h i r d i n Rimbus meteorologicial ser ies , contained two 25-w SW-19 radio- isotope e l e c t r i c power generators fueled with plutonium 238 t o supplement solar panels and enclosed i n capsules designed t o withstand impact and corrosion. Debris f e l l in to Pacif ic between Vandenberg AFB and San Miguel Island. (WTR Release; AP, W Star , 5/18/68; P EB 5/18/68; AP, W Post, 5/19/68, A3; AP, m, 5 m 6 8 ; 5/25/68) -'

. U. S. S.R. would conduct "further t e s t s of the landing system of space apparatuses" from May 20 t o June 30 i n two Pacif ic areas, Tass announced. Aircraft and ships were warned not t o enter 80-mi-dia c i rcu lar area 1,200 m i south of Hawaii near Christmas Island and 90- by 180-mi rectangular area 1,600 m i south of Ramii between noon and midnight loca l t i n e each day. (AP, New Orleans Times-Picayune, 5/19/68; E, 5/21/68, 99-100)

May 18: E n t i r e ' t h r u s t of Soviet space program pointed t o circumlunar f l i g h t by cosmonauts before U.S., according t o former astronaut Cmdr . M. Scott Carpenter (USN). Speaking a t Beloit College symposium on oceanography, he predicted NASA might t r y t o send crew around moon i n autumn as counter t o Soviet manned space spectacular. ( ~ e w i s , B News, 5/19/68)

. NASA, National Academy of Sciences, and National Research Council would be "taking a long close look" a t applied s a t e l l i t e s capable of produc- ing concrete benef i t s t o mankind, James J. Haggerty, Jr., wrote i n Journal of t h e Armed Forces. Study would focus on economic aspects. Among new areas of appl icat ion proposed were: fores t ry-agr icul ture s a t e l l i t e t o survey and i den t i fy vegetation resources through standard and in f ra red photography; oceanographic s a t e l l i t e t o p red ic t f i s h locat ions , i s o l a t e plankton areas , and improve ship rout ing and weather detect ion through use of sensors; hydrological s a t e l l i t e , important i n management of water resources, a l so t o f a c i l i t a t e weather forecast ing; and geological s a t e l l i t e t o extend process of using airborne sensors t o detect minerals, o i l , and gas. Group a l so would study economic benef i t s of advances i n ex i s t ing types of applied spacecraft , such a s "advanced weather s a t " t o in terrogate high-alt i tude weat her balloons and broadcast s a t e l l i t e t o promote "extremely broad program of education and cul ture . "

Study group had s e t do l l a r values on benef i ts : savings of $8 b i l l i o n annually i n agr icul ture and construction alone from two-week weather forecasting; $5 mil l ion i n management of municipal water supplies; and "hundreds of mil l ions" i n po t en t i a l saving t o shipping, f ishing, coas ta l engineering indus t r i es , but s a t e l l i t e s would have t o be developed a t "considerable investment."

Study group had recommended doubling NASA appl icat ions budget of approximately $1 mill ion. It seemed good investment but "keepers of t h e purse s t r i ngs a r e more l i k e l y t o be impressed by t h e immediate out lay than by t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of b i l l i o n s i n re tu rn . " ( ~ a ~ ~ e r t ~ , J/AF, 5/18/68, 9, 19)

. Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, D r . Glenn T. Seaborg, presented f i r s t Swords In to Plowshares Award fo r major contributions i n nuclear science t o Columbia Univ. i n New York. Occasion marked opening of Nuclear Week, sponsored by pr iva te foundations, industry, and govern- ment, t o a t t r a c t young people t o careers i n nuclear science. (=, 5/19/68, 81)

. F i f t h In te rna t iona l Congress fo r Noise Abatement, meeting i n London, adopted resolut ion urging governments t o prohibi t supersonic f l i g h t s over t h e i r t e r r i t o r i e s . D r . Charles Wakstein, Dartmouth Univ.

May 18 (continued) sc i en t i s t , said i f overland SST f l i g h t s were permitted, about 50 mill ion Americans could be exposed t o average of 15 sonic booms daily. Fl ights could cost $100 million annually i n damage t o homes. However, evidence thus f a r indicated l i t t l e psychological harm t o those surrounded by constant noise. ( ~ h u s t e r , E, 5/19/68, 3)

. NASA had named Wade St. Clair , former consultant and director on radio and te lev is ion programs, t o post of Director of Special Events, Office of Public Affairs, succeeding Brian M. Duff, who had joined Urban Coalition s t a f f . St. Clair most recently had served as Duff's Deputy. (NASA Release 68-88)

. F - l l U supersonic a i r c ra f t par t ic ipat ing i n a i r show a t Holloman f!J?B, N. Mex., crash-landed, without injuring crew or spectators. USAF said ban on F-111 f l igh t s was s t i l l i n effect but did not apply i n t h i s case since a i r c ra f t was s t i l l owned by manufacturer, General Dynamics Corp. (W Post, 5/19/68, 1; W - Star, 5/19/68, ~ 1 2 )

. Man's "most rewarding new f ront ie r for the next generation," might l i e i n ocean space, according t o New York Times edi tor ia l . "Irmninent opening of the deep-sea bed f o r commercial exploitation of fers excit- ing poss ib i l i t i e s fo r the enrichment of mavkind. . . [but ] unregulated rush t o cash i n on the wealth of the ocean f loor could provoke serious internat ional conflicts. " U. S, caution, however, i n approaching U.N. establishment of international control had merit because "knowledge of the potent ia l of ocean space i s s t i l l fragmentary and v i t a l national in t e re s t s a re a t stake. " (NYT, 5/18/68, 30)

. President Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia v i s i t ed Manned Spacecrafi Center f o r general orientation and tour during two-day v i s i t t o Houston. (AP, New Haven Register, 5/17/68)

May 20: European Space Research Organization (ESRO) successfully launched Centaure rocket from Kiruna Range i n Sweden t o col lect micrometeoroid data. (SBD, 5/ 23/68, 118)

. I n "remote sensing" experiment by NASA and U.S. Geological Survey, p i l o t s and sc i en t i s t s began two-week air-ground sweep of Southern California i n search of solutions t o environmental problems. Area had been selected because of var ie ty of geographic features. Aircraft would t e s t sensors f o r l a t e r use i n s a t e l l i t e surveys of land, water, mineral, human, and energy resources. (copley News Service, San Diego Union, 5/20/68)

May 20: Australian A i r Force was sending technical team t o U.S. t o investigate air-worthines s of F-111 a i r c raf t . Australian government had ordered 24 F-111s i n 1963 fo r estimated $112 million. Cost had already increased t o $266 million, and additional increases were expected. Delivery would be refused u n t i l Australia was sa t i s f i ed mechanical f a u l t s had been eliminated. (NY Post, 5/20/68, 21)

. NASA and Br i t i sh Ministry of Technology began month-long t e s t s of devices fo r predicting performance of a i r c ra f t brakes a t NASA Wallops Station on runway modified t o include varied surface conditions. Under direction of Walter B. Horne, Langley Research Center, t e s t s i n which FAA and USAF also were participating, would enable engineers t o es tab l i sh system f o r runway length requirements t o bring landing a i r c ra f t t o safe stop. (NASA Release 68-89)

. Two young Frenchmen would spend four months i n 200-ft-deep cave near Nice i n experiment sponsored by French Speleology Ins t i tu t e t o aid future space t ravelers . ( ~ e u t e r s , W Post, 5/21/68, ~17)

Sonic Boom Research (NASA SP-147), compilation of technical papers presented a t NASA's April 12 Sonic Boom Conference, was made avai l - able a t Superintendent of Documents, GPO, fo r 50 cents. .(NASA Release 68-87)

May 21: NASA announced it would launch two Mariner spacecraft, F and G, on flyby missions t o Mars i n 1969. Project responsibi l i ty was assigned t o J e t Propulsion Laboratory; Lewis Research Center would be responsible f o r launch vehicle.

Deep Space Network s tat ions would provide tracking and communica- t i ons during launch period scheduled between mid-February and mid-April. Spacecraft would reach Mars between end of July and mid-August. Arrival dates of two spacecraft would not be l e s s than f ive days apart . Atlas- Centaur combination would fo r f i r s t time be used as launch vehicle f o r planetary exploration. Spacecraft would weigh approximately 900 lb. Mariner I11 (NOV. 5, 1964) weighed 575 lb . (NASA Special el ease)

. NASA announced tha t D r . Mac C. Adams, Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology, would resign h i s NASA post Ju ly 1 t o return t o pr ivate industry. He would be succeeded by James M. Beggs, Director of Purchases and Traffic, Westinghouse Elec t r ic Corp., who would join NASA June 1. Bruce T. Lundin, Associate Director fo r Develop- ment, Lewis Research Center, was named NASA Deputy Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology. Commenting on D r . Adams' departure, NASA Administrator James E. Webb said, "He brought t o NaSA strong

May 21 (continued) management and engineering competence ... [and] gave us b r i l l i a n t leader- ship i n c r i t i c a l t imes. . . . " (NASA Release 68-92)

. USAF grounded 42 F-11Ms t o repa i r defective hydraulic valve. Aircraf t had been under r e s t r i c t i o n s since May 8 accident a t Ne l l i s AFB, Nev., of which defective valve was "the most probable cause. " Twelve e a r l i e r model F-11Us not containing defective par t were not grounded. Actuator valve problem was suspected i n t h i r d F-111A crash i n Thailand,at tr ibuted t o capsule of sealant lodged i n f l i g h t control system. Modifications should be completed i n June. (DOD Release 472-68; AP, NYT, 5/22/68, 5; - AP, W - Star , 5/22/68, ~ 2 0 )

. Sc ien t i s t s from Stamford Univ. and Univ. of California, using telescope a t Lick Observatory atop M t . Hamilton, Ca l i f . , and telescopes on K i t t Peak, Ariz . , had found one of four recen t ly discovered pulsars f lashed v i s i b l e wave lenghts of l i g h t a t hal f t h e r a t e of i t s radio pulse. Discovery was disclosed by Univ. of Cal i fornia a t Berkeley astronomer, D r . David Cudaback, a t pulsar meeting i n New York sponsored j o in t l y by NASA I n s t i t u t e f o r Space Studies and t h e Belfer Graduate School of Science, Yeshiva Univ. ( ~ u l l i v a n , NYT, 5/21/68, - 14; 5/22/68, 24; 5/26/68, ~ 1 2 )

. Sen. Mark 0. Hatfield (R-ore. ), addressing I n s t i t u t e of E l e c t r i c a l and Elect ronics Engineers Region Six Conference i n Portland, c r i t i c i z e d order of p r i o r i t i e s by which "survival" was superceded by "our des i re t o explore new technological f r o n t i e r s . . . . We must r a t i o n a l l y decide if our goal of promoting t h e well-being of man i s b e t t e r served through huge expenditures t o beat t he Russians t o t h e moon or through developing methods t o feed a hungry world. It i s a very black mark on our sense of values and a contradiction of man's quest f o r progress when one pa r t of t he world competes f o r t h e moon while t h e other pa r t competes fo r a loa f of bread. " ( ~ e x t )

. Arthur C. Clarke, co-author of 2001: A Space Odyssey, t o l d Los Altos Morning Forum proposed Federal cuts i n WSA budget would c u r t a i l progress i n "medicine, agr icu l tu re , weather forecast ing, communica- t i o n and other endeavors." NASA budget now was "smaller than t h e amount American women spend on cosmetics i n a year." Most important benef i t s of space program were knowledge and a b i l i t y . (~nde r son , San Jose Mercury, 5/23/68)

. Soviet space experts D r . Georgii Pokrovskii and Aleksandr Yavnel believed automatic docking of Cosmos CCXII and C C X I I I Apri l 15 had brought U.S.S.R. c loser t o day when it could e s t ab l i sh l a rge

May 21 (continued) permanent ear th-orbi t ing s t a t i ons and planetary l abora to r ies . I n Moscow interviews, they claimed docking had cleared way f o r launch- ing segments of l a rge spacecraft by individual rockets, then assembling them i n common o rb i t . (Macomber, St . Louis G-D, 5/21/68)

May 22: F i r s t publ ic demonstration of s a t e l l i t e communications between merchant ship and shore was given before Propel ler Club of Port of Baltimore, Md. Civic o f f i c i a l s conversed v i a NASA's ATS I1 with capta in of ve s se l off Valparaiso, Chile, coast. Conversation was t ransmit ted over telephone l i n e s t o Goddard Space F l igh t Center and relayed t o Rosmon, N.C. , t o s a t e l l i t e and t o ship. (E, 6/26/68, 86)

Post-launch invest igat ions a t Marshall Space F l igh t Center and a t Rocketdyne Div. of North American Rockwell Corp., J-2 manufacturer, had revealed t h a t J-2 rocket engine malfunctions on Apri l 4 Apollo 6 mission had been caused by ruptures of small-diameter f u e l l i n e s -

feeding engine i gn i t e r s . Improved designs f o r l i n e s had been completed and new l i n e s were being manufactured, f o r extensive t e s t i n g before use i n next Saturn I B and Saturn V launch vehicles. (Marshall S ta r , 5/22/68, 1 )

. Aerospace Indus t r i es Assn. re leased i t s 1967 Annual Report reviewing " indus t ry fs continuing pa t t e rn of growth": 11d increase i n s a l e s over 1966, t o $27.2 b i l l i o n ; maintenance of 1,400,000-man work force , making aerospace indust ry l a rge s t U.S. manufacturing employer; and $575-million increase i n exports , t o $2.2 b i l l i o n , including 42. $ increase i n c i v i l i a n a i r c r a f t , t o $789 mil l ion. ( ~ e x t )

. NASA selected Fairchi ld-Hi l ler Corp., General E l ec t r i c Co., and Lockheed Missi le and Space Corp. f o r competitive negot ia t ions f o r $5-million f ixed-pr ice contract t o develop designs f o r bas ic space- c r a f t configuration of F and G models of Applications Technology S a t e l l i t e . Firms would provide complete spec i f i ca t ions and vers ions of c r i t i c a l spacecraft systems. (NASA Release 68-95)

. Marshall Space F l igh t Center awarded t h i r d one-year contract extension, a t $6.448 mil l ion, t o RCA Services Co. f o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l support services a t MSFC. (MSFC Release 68-112)

. NASA establ ished Office of F a c i l i t i e s , merging f a c i l i t y funct ions and appl icable s t a f f elements of Office of Manned Space F l i gh t , Office of Space Science and Applications, Office of Advanced Research and

May 22 (continued) Technology, Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition, and F a c i l i t i e s Management Office, New off ice , under d i rec t ion of M/G Robert H. Curtin (USAF, Ret . ) , would encompass planning, design, acquis i t ion, construc- t i on , repa i r , a l t e r a t i on , maintenance, operations, u t i l i z a t i o n , and disposal of f a c i l i t i e s including land and c o l l a t e r a l equipment. It would report t o t h e Assistant Administrator f o r Administration. (NASA Ann)

May 23: World's f i r s t passive s a t e l l i t e , Echo I, launched by WSA Aug. 12, 1960, reentered ea r th ' s atmosphere and dis integrated over Southeastern Pacif ic . Launched as passive communications research s a t e l l i t e , Echo I a l so served geodesists deteming accurate ,

cont inenta l and in tercont inenta l distances. W News, 5/24/68, 3; Newsweek, 5/27/68; - SBD, 5

. Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n s c i e n t i s t s pos i t ive ly i den t i f i ed as a meteori te, f i s t - s i z e black stone which damaged Denver, Colo., warehouse roof i n Ju ly 1967. It was " f i r s t recovered f r e sh - f a l l " meteori te i n U.S. since Bells , Tex. , meteorite Sept . 9, 1961. levelan and P la in Dealer, 5/24/68)

May 24: U. S. S.R. successfilLy launched Cosmos CCXXI i n t o o r b i t with 2,082-km (1,293.1-mi) apogee, 214-km (133-mi) perigee, 108.3-min period, and 48.b0 incl inat ion. (SBD, - 5/27/68, 132; GSFC z, 5/ 31/ 68)

F i r s t s a t e l l i t e telephone l i n k between U.S. and Austra l ia began with opening of e a r th s t a t i on a t Moree, Austral ia. AT&T acquired s a t e l l i t e c i r c u i t s , making t o t a l 56 i n use. (W -9 Sta r 5/26/68)

. Mathematical t o o l s used t o predic t lunar motions were so imprecise t h a t they hampered evaluation of lunar f l i g h t s and use of moon a s a timepiece, according t o two a r t i c l e s i n Science by group of s c i e n t i s t s a t Je t Propulsion Laboratory. Amplifying repor t , D r . J. Derral Mulholland, JPL s c i e n t i s t i n charge of revis ion of methods of predic t ion, sa id e r ro r s seemed t o derive l a rge ly from inadequate emphasis on g r a v i t a l influence of other p lanets , pa r t i cu l a r l y Jup i t e r and Venus. JPL was preparing computer program t o p red ic t lunar posi t ion f o r future space f l i g h t s . (science, 5/24/68, 874-8; Sullivan, - NYT, 5/24/68, 47)

. James T. Murphy, Deputy Manager i n NASA Saturn V Program Office a t Marshall Space Fl ight Center, was named Director of MSFC's Safety Office. He would a l so serve a s member of MSFC Fl igh t Readiness

May 24 (continued) Review Board. E. W. Neubert would continue a s Chairman of MSFC Safety Board. (MSFC Release 68-114; Marshall Star , 5/29/68, 1 )

. Before Los Angeles Junior Chamber of Commerce, Sen. Thomas H. Kuchel (R-cal i f . ) said, "What we need and what we lack i s an administrat ion which w i l l a l l oca t e space do l la r s according t o t h e s k i l l s and manpower and b ra in power available, r a the r than on t h e ba s i s of p o l i t i c a l pre- ference." No Federal program was more i n need of publ ic understanding than space and i t s re la t ionsh ip t o balanced economy, he said. When looking a t fu tu re space investment we needed t o count "payoff" already gained. Spinoff from space technology was providing "enormous boon t o both so ld ie r and c iv i l i an . " We needed space goals which c l ea r ly s t a t ed po t en t i a l benef i t s of program t o people, he sa id , "or t h e publ ic w i l l j u s t i f i a b l y f i g h t a s ingle penny being thrown i n t o space." (UPI, San Diego Union, 5/25/68; - CR, 6/10/68)

. Six-month slippage i n launch date of U.K.!s Skynet comsat t o spring 1969 was due t o "normal R&D problems," according t o USAF Space and Missile Systems Organization. Philco-Ford Corp.'s Space and Re-entry Systems Div. was building two Skynet s compatible with U. S. I n i t i a l Defense Commwlications S a t e l l i t e program f o r del ivery t o U.K. While Skynet program was l inked with U.K.'s l a t e s t defense review, Defense and Technology Ministry sources sa id i t s cancel la t ion was not expected, though U. K. ' s mi l i t a ry withdrawal from Asia would subst a n t i a l l y a f f ec t i t s use and scope. (Aero Daily, 5/24/68)

May 25: Aerobee 150 MI sounding rocket launched by NASA frdm WSMR car r ied GSFC payload containing photometers and objective -grat ing wide-angle camera t o 105-mi (168.9-km) a l t i t u d e t o measure rad ia t ion from c e l e s t i a l bodies i n h2800-A1300 spec t ra l range. Payload in - strumentat ion performed sa t i s f ac to r i l y ; Aerobee pointing control system (ACS) malfunctioned. (NASA Rpt SRL)

. Unexpected so l a r f l a r e s could cause serious rad ia t ion damage t o SST passengers and lead t o a i r c r a f t navigation e r rors , according t o D r . Adolph Razdow, President, Yardney E lec t r i c Corp, Razdow Labo- r a t o r i e s Div. Global so la r watch, he sa id , could provide 10-min warning of strong so la r f l a r e s , enabling p i l o t t o descend t o sa fe r a l t i t u d e . NASA' s Solar P a r t i c l e Aler t Network (SPAN) could give 20-min f l a r e warning t o unprotected astronauts on moon, who could then take she l t e r o r t ake an t i rad ia t ion drugs. Peak year i n so la r f l a r e cycle would be 1969. (UPI, z, 5/25/68, 59)

May 26: NASA appointed H. Kurt Strass , Chief of Earth Orbi ta l Mission Office, Advanced Spacecraft Technology Div., t o head newly es tabl ished Office of Aerospace Safety Research Programs. New of f ice , which would operate within t he Office of Advanced Research and Technology, would repor t t o Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology through Director, Space Vehicles Div., OART. (NASA ~ n n )

May 3: U. S. S.R. announced successful completion of rocket t e s t s i n two Pac i f ic areas t o t e s t equipment f o r spacecraft landings a t sea. Ser ies , which began May 20, had been scheduled t o l a s t u n t i l June 30. (E, 5/29/68, 144)

. Saturn V 2nd stage l e f t Seal Beach, Cal i f . on board USNS Point Barrow enroute t o MIF f o r captive f i r i n g and tankage proof t e s t . Stage was scheduled t o a r r i ve June 9. (MSFC Release 68-115)

. USA conducted second successful launch of Spartan ABM from Kwajalein Missi le Range. (SBD, - 5/27/68, 129; 5/28/68, 137)

. Federal Aviation Administration announced Washington National Airport was f i r s t i n U.S. t o equip main instrument runway with color-coded cen te r l ine l i g h t s cautioning p i l o t s entering l a s t 3,000 f t of runway during takeoffs and landings. (FAA Release T 68-18)

. DOD s tudies of escape devices, a ref lyable spacecraft capable of landing l i k e a i rcraf t , and space s t a t i on could l ead t o l a rge multipurpose mi l i t a ry manned space s ta t ion , according t o Col. Francis X?. Kane, Director of Development Planning, USAF Space and Missiles Systems Organization. NASA was cooperating on proposals f o r space rescue and escape systems. ened edict , Huntsville Times -9 5/27/68)

. Aerospace Daily survey showed most experts considered mi l i t a ry R&D funds prime candidate f o r budget cuts. Services had been t o l d t o s lash $900 mi l l ion from FY 1969 requests a s t h e i r pa r t i n $6-bi l l ion reduction demanded by Congress, which exhibited l i t t l e suppor-b f o r e i t h e r Manned Orbiting Laboratory program or Sent inel ABM system.

Federal Contract Research Center a lso was l i k e l y t o be cut , though Pentagon sought $48 mill ion, $3 mil l ion l e s s than FY 1968. Government was spending an estimated $17 b i l l i o n annually on research and there was " r i s ing general Congressional reluctance t o approve more funds o r even t o provide addi t ional money merely t o keep pace with t h e i n f l a t i o n of t h e econoqy. " ( ~ e r o Daily, 5 /3 /68 , 26)

. Charles J. Donlan was named Acting Director, Advanced Manned Missions Program, NASA Office of Manned Space F l igh t , replacing Edgar M. Cortr ight .

May 2'7 (continued) He would serve i n t h a t capacity i n addi t ion t o h i s du t ies as Deputy Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space Fl ight ( ~ e c h n i c a l ) . (NASA

May 28 : Gen. John P. McConnell , USA2 Chief of S ta f f , was awarded National Geographic Socie ty ' s Gen. Thomas D. White Space Trophy f o r 1967 f o r "effect ive leadership and d i rec t ion of U. S. A i r Force i n development and u t i l i z a t i o n of aerospace vehic les ." Award was presented annually t o m i l i t a ry o r c i v i l i a n member of USAF who made most out standing contribution t o U. S. progress i n aerospace. (NGS Release; AP, NY News, 5/29/68, 22)

. Marshall Space F l igh t Center had extended f o r one year $3.6-million cost-plus-award-fee contract held by Management Services, Inc . , f o r t e chn i ca l services a t MSFC. (MSFC Release 68-116)

May 29: Command module f o r Apollo 7 , f i r s t manned Apollo f l i g h t , l e f t North American Rockwell C o r p . ' ~ , Downey, Ca l i f . , p lan t enroute t o Kennedy Space Center. Service module had a r r ived a t KSC May 17. (NASA Release 68-100)

. NASA announced changes i n Aerospace Safety Panel personnel: D r . Charles D. Harrington, President of Douglas United Nuclear, Inc . , was e lec ted Chairman. D r . Eberhard F. M. Rees, Deputy Director (Technical) Marshall Space F l igh t Center and Special Assis tant t o Apollo Spacecraft Manager, resigned from panel t o devote f 'u l l time t o these assignments. Newly named t o panel were: Frank C. D i Luzio, President of Reynolds E l e c t r i c a l and Engineering Co., Inc . , and Vice President of EC&C, Inc . ; Gen. Orval Cook (USAF, Ret . ) ; and D r . Harold Agnew, Weapons Div. Leader, Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory. D r . William A. Mrazek, Assis tant Director f o r Engineering and Chief Engineer f o r I ndus t r i a l Operations a t MSFC, was named consultant . (NASA Release 68-98)

. NASA selected Computer Sciences Corp., Lockheed Elect ronics Co., Computer Applications, Inc. , and Service Technology Corp. (LTV) , f o r competitive negot ia t ions on $1-million one-year renewable contract t o provide computer support services a t Elect ronics Research Center. (NASA Release 68-99)

. ComSatCorp would consolidate a l l Washington a c t i v i t i e s except Control Center and l abora to r ies i n move t o new o f f i c e s a t 950 LIEnfant Plaza South, S. W. , Washington, D. C. 20024, May 30-June 1. Control Center

May 29 (continued) would follow within eight weeks. Laboratories would remain a? S t r ee t , N. W. , and 1835 K S t r ee t , N. W . , f o r one year and then 1 i n Clarksburg, Md. (cornsat ~ o r p Release 68 - 29)

May 30: U.S.S.R. successfully launched Cosmos CCXXII i n t o o rb i t 520-km (323.1-mi) apogee, 281-kn (174.6-mi) perigee, 91.3-min and 70.9' incl inat ion. (AF, - NYT, 6/2/68; GSFC - SSR, 5/31/68)

May 31: U.K. successfully launched Skylark sounding rocket from 4 Austra l ia , t o a l t i t u d e of 149, m i (239.8, km) a f t e r i n i t i a l delays by weather. ( ~ e u t e r s , - NYT, 6/2/68, 55)

. Saturn V 2nd stage planned a s par t of f i r s t manned ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a t u r n n had passed cryogenic proof pressure t e s t a t Mississippi Test Faci One-million-lb-thrust stage would be removed from t e s t stand i n mid-June and shipped t o Kennedy Space Center i n l a t e June. (MSFC Release 68-119)

. Roderick W. Spence, Los Alamos Sc i en t i f i c Laboratory, out l ined adva. of nuclear rockets, described basic fea tures , discussed main areas work necessary f o r reactor development, and offered chronological resume of Rover program i n Science.

Thirteen years had produced r e l i a b l e reactor ready f o r develop. i n t o f lyab le engine, he said. Development of complete nuclear-elec; propulsion system would be d i f f i c u l t and expensive, "but i f man want t o continue t o explore space t o t he best of h i s a b i l i t y , such a deve ment seems inevi table . " (science, 5/31/68, 953-9)

. Langley Research Center and LTV Aerospace Corp. would negot ia te un i f i t contract valued i n excess of $14 mil l ion t o provide complete system management f o r Scout launch vehicle f o r 24-mo period beginning Nov. 1 (NASA Release 68-101)

. NASA announced extension u n t i l Feb. 13, 1969, of contract with Sperry Rand Corp . f o r mission support services t o Systems, Re l i ab i l i t y Directorate a t Goddard Space Fl ight Center. Value of extended cost-plus-award-fee agreement with two one-year options was approxi- mately $3.5 mill ion. Included i n services were operation and maintenance of t e s t f a c i l i t i e s such a s l a rge space chambers, laboratory equipment, and instrument a t ion. (GSFC Release G-35-68)

May 31: USN t o l d P r a t t & Whitney Div., United Ai rc ra f t Corp. , it would pay approximately $180 mil l ion l e s s than $1.2-bil l ion contract p r i ce f o r 1,640 F-111 engines ordered i n February 1967. Adjustment of approximately $19 mil l ion i n p r i ce of engines already delivered brought difference between USN and P r a t t & Whitney p r i ce t o almost $200 mil l ion. USN believed more e f f i c i en t operation could produce engines a t lower cost . ell^, W -9 Star 6/ 4/68, 5 )

. USAF awarded Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. $1.174-million i n i t i a l increment t o $2.959-million cost -plus-incentive f e e contract f o r launch services a t Eastern Test Range. (DOD Release 511-68)

In response t o pressure from smaller countries, U.S. and U.S.S.R. agreed t o make changes i n proposed nonproliferat ion t r e a t y : stronger guarantees t o small countries which would benef i t from peaceful use of nuclear power, more urgent e f f o r t s t o end world arms race , and enforcement of U.N. char ter au thor i ty against use of force generally. ( ~ r e w e r , - NYT, 6/1/68, 1)

During May: Karl G. Harr, Jr., President of Aerospace Indus t r i es Assn., commented i n spring issue of Aerospace on preliminary repor t of space appl icat ions study being conducted by NASA and National Academy of Sciences. "Concept of funding space research a s an investment has not ye t found wide acceptance." I n t ang ib i l i t y of benefits--renewed na t iona l p res t ige , expanding technological capabi l i ty , and enormous s c i e n t i f i c gain--was t o blame. Report indicated, however, t h a t "investment w i l l pay f a r greater bonus. . .monetary value aLone may run i n t o b i l l i o n s . " Advantages of appl icat ions program superceded do l l a r value. Po ten t ia l contributions t o "welfare of t h e planet " included p o s s i b i l i t i e s of greater food ava i l ab i l i t y , enhancement of a i r safe ty , more e f fec t ive management of na tura l r e sources, higher general education leve l , c loser re la t ionsh ip among nations with cooperative management of e a r t h ' s t o t a l resources. Opportunity t o harvest these gains was present but , "we must pursue...program aggressively' ' by increasing our investment. (~e rospace , spring 68, 3 )

. Langley Research Center was conducting operational research program a t NASA Wallops S t a t ion t o evaluate runway grooving as a means of reducing a i r c r a f t hydroplaning, l o s s of f r i c t i o n during high-speed landing because of water o r slush film. Ai rc ra f t landed on spec ia l ly prepared runways with grooves i n wide, i n deep,' and 1 i n apar t and braking effectiveness was recorded by instruments on a i r c r a f t and on ground. Research indicated t h a t grooving helped

During May (continued) t o a l l e v i a t e all known phenomena which resu l ted i n low tire-ground f r i c t i o n , but s c i e n t i s t s were concerned t ha t undesirable vibrat ions might be introduced i n to a i r c r a f t . ( ~ a n ~ l e ~ Researcher, 5/17/68, 4)

. Defending U.S. Supersonic Transport program, Gen. I r a C. Eaker (USXI?, Ret. ) said, "The current a t t acks on t h e SST pro jec t appear t o flow from ignorance of t he plan and a f a i l u r e t o appreciate what it w i l l contribute t o t h e economy and secur i ty of t h i s country. " He believed sonic boom problem would be eliminated, permitt ing t ranscont inenta l f l i g h t and r ea l i z a t i on of estimated 1,200 SSTs i n service by 1990. "No federa l program since World War I1 had ever had t h e thorough analysis , ca re fu l examination and close scrut iny accorded t h e present SST plan. " ( ~ a t a , 5/68, 8 )

PROVISIONAL INDEX--MAY 1968

AA. See Apollo Applications program. ABM. See Antiballistic missile system. Adelaide, Australia, 157 Adams, Dr. Mac C. , 150 AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission. Aerobee 150 (sounding rocket), 132, 146

MI, 154 Aerobee pointing control system (ACS) , 154 Aeronautics, 150, 158-159 Aerospace Industries Assn., 158 Aerospace Medical Assn., 137 Agnew, Dr. Harold, 156 Agreement, 144 Air mail, 143 ~ircraft; 130-134, 136, 137, 140, 142, 149, 151, 152 Airlines, 135-136 Airports , 155 Aldrin, L/C Edwin E., Jr. (US@), 137 Alouette I1 (~anadian satellite), 134 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 138 American Assembly, 133 American Astronautical Society, 140 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. (AT&T), 141, 153 Anniversary, 143 Antiballistic missile (ABM), 155 Apollo (program), 130, 132, 139, 156 Apollo 6, 152 Apollo 7, 156 Apollo Applications (AA) program, 129, 130, 139 Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) , 139, 145 Armstrong, Neil A. , 134, 147 Astronaut, 131, 134, 137, 139, 144, 148 Atlas-Centaur (booster), 150 ATM. See Apollo Telescope Mount. Atomic Energy Commission (AEc), 136, 148 ATS I1 (~pplicat ions Technolorn sat ellit e) , 15 2 ATS F, 152 ATS G, 152 Australia, 153, 157 Australian Air Force, 150 Award, 148, 156 Baehr, Edward F., 132 Bal Harbor, Fla. , 137 Baltimore, Md., 152 Beggs, James M., 150 Beheim, Milton A., 132

MAY 1968

Bel l Aerosystems Co., 135 Bel ls , Tex., 153 Beloi t College, 148 Berry, D r . Charles A . , 137 Bing, R. H. , 145 Black Brandt IV ( sounding rocket ) , 134 Boeing Co., 132 Bourguiba, President Habib (Tunisia), 149 Brewster F l a t , Wash. , 131 Brooks, Harvey, 145 Brown Engineering Co., 138 Brown, Secretary of t h e A i r Force D r . Harold, 142 Brunstein, Samuel, 145 Bull , John S. , 144 Bunker H i l l AFB, 139 Cal i fornia , 1 4 1 Cal i fornia I n s t i t u t e of Technology ( ~ a l Tech), 144 Cal i fornia , Univ. of a t I rvine , 145 Cambridge, Mass., 138 Canada, 134, 143 Car iski , Sidney A., 147 Carpenter, Cdr. M. Scott (USN), 148 Centaure (sounding rocket ) , 136, 149 Chaffee, LCdr. Roger B. (USN), 131 Churchill Research Range, Canada, 143 Chicago, Ill., 142 Christmas Island, 147 Chrysler Corp., 139 Clarke, Arthur C . , 151 College Park, Md., 140 Col l i e r , Robert J., Trophy, 134 Columbia Univ., 148

Graduate School of Business, 131 Comand Module ( C M ) , 156 Committee f o r Environmental Information, 136 Communications s a t e l l i t e , 136, 138-141, 152-154 Communications S a t e l l i t e Corp . ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ o r p ) , 141, 156 Computer, 153 Computer Applications, Inc . , 156 Computer Sciences Corp., 156 Congress, 145, 155 Congress, House of Representatives

b i l l s passed, 130, 136 . Committee on I n t e r s t a t e and Foreign Commerce, 147 Committee on Science and Astronautics, 130 Republican Policy Committee, 129

( i i )

MAY 1968

Congress, S ~ n a t e Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 139

C ~ o k , Gen. Orval (USAF, Ret. ), 156 Cortright , Edgar M., 129, 155 Cosmonaut, 148 Cosmos C C X I I (u. S. S.R. satel l i-be) , 151 Cosmos C C X I I I , 151 Cosmos CCXX, 134 Cosmos CCXXI, 153 Cosmos CCXXII, 157 CP-0950 ( ~ u l s a r ) , 145 CP-1133, 145 CP-1919, 144 Cudaback, D r . David, 151 Curtin, M/G Robert H. (USA, Ret . ), 129, 153 Cushman, Ralph E. , 130 Dallas, Tex., 142 D artmout h Univ . , 148 Debus, D r . Kurt, 143 Deep Space Network (DSN) (NASA), 150 Defense, Dept. of (DOD), 155 Denver, Colo. , 142 D i Luzio, Frank C . , 156 DO 31 (VTOL t ranspor t a i r c r a f t ) , 133 Docking, 151-152 Donlan, Charles J., 155 Dornier Works, 133 Douglas United Nuclear, Inc., 156 Downey, Cal i f . , 156 Duff, Brian M. , 149 Duke Univ.

Medical Center, 145 Dunbar, W i l l i a m R . , 132 Eaker, Gen. I r a C. (US@, Ret. ), 159 Easter Island, 142 Eastern Test Range (ETR), 141, 158 Echo I (communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 153 EG&C, Inc . , 156 Ekers, D r . Ronald D . , 14k Electro-Mechanical Research Co., 140 Elect ronics Research Center (ERC) (NASA), 156 El l ington AFB, Tex., 134, 147 Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), 139, 140 ESRO. See European Space Research Organization. ESRO 11-A ( ~ n t e r n a t i o n a l Radiation Invest igat ion s a t e l l i t e ) , 144 ESRO 11-B, 144

( i i i )

MAY 1968

ETR. See Eastern Test Range. European Space Research Organization (ESRO), 136, 144, 149 F-12 ( in terceptor a i r c r a f t ) , 142 F- l l lA (supersonic f i gh t e r ) , 130, 131, 136, 137, 140, 149, 151 F-111B, 140 airc child-~iller Corp. , 152 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 136, 147 Federal Comunications Conmission (FCC), 141 Federal Contract Research Center, 155 ~ 6 d 6 r a t ion A6ronautique In te rna t ionale, 140 Flor ida , 138 Foster , Conrad, 145 Fowler, Prof. William A. , 145 France, 144, 146 French Speleology I n s t i t u t e , 150 Fulton, Rep. James G., 130 Ganczak, Edward G., 135 Gemini (program), 130 General Dynamics Corp . , 149 General E l ec t r i c Co., 138, 152 Germany, West, 133 Gil ruth , D r . Robert, 143 Goddard Space Fl ight Center (GSFC), 145, 152, 154, 157

S a t e l l i t e Tracking Center, 138 Goldstein, D r . Richard M. , 144 Goldstone Tracking Sta t ion, 144 Gray, Harold E . , 135 Greater Lameshur Bay, Virgin Islands, 138 Grissom AFB, 139 Grissom, L/C V i rg i l I. (USAF) , 131, 139 Hackerman, Norman, 145 Haeussermann, D r . Walter, 140 Hage, George, 143 Haggerty, James J. , Jr., 148 Balaby, Najeeb E . , 135 Hall, Donald A. , 131 Handler, Ph i l ip , 145 Hanover A i r Show, 133 Harr, Karl G. , Jr., 158 Harriman, N.Y., 133 Harrington, D r . Charles D . , 156 Harvard University, 145

Botanical Museum, 138 Hatfield, Sen. Mark O. , 151 Hawaii, 141, 147

Hime l , D r . Seymour C. , 132 Holloman AFB, N. Mex., 149 Horne, Walter B., 150' Housing and Urban Development, Dept . of (HUT)), 136 Houston, Tex., 149 Hughes Ai rc ra f t Co., 134, 139 Humphrey, Vice President Hubert H., 135 Hyland, Lawrence A., 134 I n i t i a l Defense Comunications S a t e l l i t e Program (IDcsP), 141, 154 I n s t i t u t e of E l ec t r i c a l and Electronics Engineers, 151 INTELSAT I ( ~ a r l y ~ i r d ) (communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 141 INTELSAT I1 F-2 (pac i f i c I) , 131, 141 INTELSAT I1 F-3 ( ~ t l a n t i c 11), 1 4 1 INTELSAT I1 F- (pac i f i c 11) , 141 d I n t e l s a t 111, 1 4 1

I n t e l s a t IV, 141 I n t e r i o r , Dept. of , 138 In te rna t iona l Congress f o r Noise Abatement, 148 In te rna t iona l Radiation Invest igat ion S a t e l l i t e (IRIS), ' "'1 Iowa, Univ. o f , 143 I t a l y , 136 5-2 (rocket engine), 152 James, Lee B. , 142 Jave l i n (sounding rocket ) , 143 J e t Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) , 134, 150, 153 Johnson, President Lyndon B. , 139, 145 Jonash, Edmund R. , 132 J u p i t e r (planet ) , 15 3 Kane, Col. Francis X. (US&?), 155 Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 129, 156 Kiruna Range, Sweden, 149 K i t t Peak, Ariz., 151 Kitt ikachorn, Prime Minister Thanom hailan and) , 136 Korea, North, 137 Kout sandreas, Peter D. , 147 KSC. See Kennedy Space Center. Kuchel, Sen. Thomas H. , 154 Kwajalein Missi le Range, 155 Langley Research Center ( L ~ R C ) , 129, 157 , 158 Las Vegas, Nev. , 136, 140 Lewis Research Center ( L ~ R C ) , 129, 132, 150 Lick Observatory, 151 Lockheed Electronics Co., 156 Lockheed Missiles and Space Corp., 152, 158 London, U. K. , 148 Los Alamos Sc i en t i f i c Laboratory, 157

Los Altos Morning Forum, 151 Los Angeles, Calif . , 142 Los Angeles Junior Chamber of Commerce, 154 LTV Aerospace Corp., 157 Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) , 134, 147 Lunar Module (LM), 147 Lundin, Bruce T . , 150 McConnell, Gen. John P. (USAF) , 142 Mc Cormack, Jame s , 141 McDermott, Sgt. Robert (USA), 142 McKinsey Foundation lec tu re , 131, 137, 145 McNamara, Secretary of Defense Robert S. , 142 Management Services, Inc. , 156 Manila, Phil ippines, 131 Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), 130, 133, 155 Manned space f l i g h t , 143, 148 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 149 March, James G., 145 Mariner 111 ( ~ a r s probe), 150 Mariner F (spacecraft ) , 150 Mariner G, 150 Mars (p lane t ) , 150 Marshall Space Fl ight Center (MSFC) , 133, 138, 143, 145, 152, 156

Safety Office, 153 Space Sciences Laboratory, 139

Mechling, A. L., Inc . , 138 Mercury (program), 130 Meteorite, 153 Meteorological s a t e l l i t e , 147 Michigan, Univ. o f , 145 Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y (MSFC) , 139 Micrometeoroid, 149 Milky Way (cons te l l a t ion) , 144 Mil ler , Rep. George P. , 129 Miss i le , 155 Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y (MTF) (MSFC), 129, 133, 139, 155, 157 Moffet, D r . Alan, 144 ~ o l n i ~ a 1 (8) (u: S. S. R. communi~ations s a t e l l i t e ) , 138 Moon, 153

exploration of equipment, 134, 137

landing manned, 132, 143 unmanned, 143

Moore, Wendell F . , 135

Moree, Austra l ia , 153 Morris, George, Jr., 145 Moscow (u.s.s.R.), 134, 151, 152 M t . Hamilton, Cal i f . , 151 Mrazek, D r . W i l l i a m A , , 156 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. MSFC. See Marshall Space Fl ight Center. Mueller, D r . George E. , 131, 143 Mulholland, D r . J. Derral , 1-53 Murphy, James T . , 153 Murray, Grover, 145 NAS. See National Academy of Sciences. X4SA Office of Advanced Research and Technology (OART), 155 NASA Office of Manned Space Fl ight (OMSF), 142, 155 National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 148, 158 National Advisory Committee f o r Aeronautics (NAcA) , 130 National Aeronautic Assn. , 134 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 131, l 37, 145

Aerospace Safety Panel, 156 budget, 129, 130, 136, 139, 148, 151 contract , 132, 138, 144, 152, 156, 157 cooperation, 138, 139, 149 cooperation, in te rna t iona l , 134, 150 employment, 145, 146 launch

f a i l u r e , 147 s a t e l l i t e , 144 sounding rocket, 132, 134, 143, 146, 154 Stratoscope 11, 147

management, 145 organization, 132, 147, 152-153, 155 personnel, 129-130, 132, 137, 142, 149, 150-151, 153-156 program

Apollo, 130, 132, 139, 152, 156 Apollo Applications (AA), 129, 130, 139 Mariner, 150 NERVA, 139 R&D, 129 Rover, 157

t e s t , 129, 134, 155 National Aeronautics and Space Council (NAsc) , 143 National A i r and Space Museum, 143 National Geographic Society, 156 National Re search Council (NRc) , 148 National Science Board, 145

( v i i )

MAY 1968

National Space Club, 143 National Sporting Aviation Council, 140 Netherlands, 144 Neubert, E. W. , 154 New Tanay, Phil ippines, 131 New York, N.Y. , 134, 135, 148 Nimbus B (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) , 147 Noise, a i r c r a f t , 132, 147-149 North American Rockwell Corp. (NAR) , 129, 156 Notre Dame Univ., 142 Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application Nuclear t e s t , 136, 139 Nuclear Week, 148 Oceanography, 133, 138, 148, 149 Ofconnor, BIG E. F. (uw), 143 Operation Tekt i te , 138 Orbit ing Workshop (spacecraft ) , 130 Pac i f ic Ocean, 131, 147, 155 Pale s t ine , Tex. , 147 Pan American World Airways, 135 Parachute, s teerable , 142 Parin, Vas i l i , 133 Parker, Robert A. R. , 144 Patent , 135 P e l l , Sen. Claiborne, 133 Penn, L/C James W . , 147 Perdasdefogu, Sardinia, 136 Phil ippines, 131 Ph i l l i p s , M/G Samuel C. (UW) , 143 Pioneer V I I I ( in terplanetary probe), 142 Plohr, H. Warren, 132 Pokrovskii, D r . Georgii, 151 Portland, Ore., 151 Princeton Univ. Observatory, 132 Propeller Club, 152 Puerto Rico, 141 Pulsar , 144, 151 Purdi~e Univ. , 131 Quasar, 145 Radiation, 139, 145, 146, 154 Razdow, D r . Adolph, 154 RCA Services Co., 152 Reconnaissance s a t e l l i t e , 137 Rees, D r . Eberhard F. M., 156 Republican Coordinating Committee, 133

( v i i i )

S t a t e Dept., 137 Stranraer , Scotland, 140 S t r a s s , H. Kurt, 155 Stratoscope I1 (balloon-borne telescope), 147 Supersonic t ranspor t (SST) , 136, 146, 149, 154, 159 Surveyor (~rogram) , 135 Sweden, 149 Swords Into Plowshares Award, 148 Ta Khli A i r Base, Thailand, 131 TAT-5 ( t r ansa t l an t i c submarine cable), 141 Teague, Rep. Olin E . , 130 Technology, 131, 1 5 1 Technology gap, 133 Te i r , B i l l , 143 Telescope, 147, 151 Tenzer, Rep. Herbert, 146 Texas Tech, 145 Texas, Univ. of , 145 Thailand, 130, 136, 137, 151 Thompson, D r . Floyd L . , 129 Thorad-Agena D (booster) 147 Ti tan 111-C (booster) , lh0, 141 Trippe, Juan T . , 135 TTS I ( ~ e s t and Training s a t e l l i t e ) , 142 Tuke, John B., 140 Tunisia, 149 United Ai rc ra f t Corp.

P m t t & Whitney Div. , 158 United Kingdom (u. K. ) , 130, 144, 146

Ministry of Technology, 150 United nations (u.N. ), 149

General Assembly, 130 Univers i t ies , 145 Urban Coali t ion, 149 USAF Space and Missile Systems Organization (wo) , 139, 154, 155 U.S. A i r Force (USAF), 139, 142, 159

a i r c r a f t , 130-132, 136, 137, 140, 142, 149, 151 award, 156 communications s a t e l l i t e , 139-140, 141 contract , 158 cooperation, 150 launch

s a t e l l i t e , 141 MOL, 130, 133, 155 parachute t e s t , 142

Reynolds E l e c t r i c a l and Engineering Co., 156 Rosmon, N. C . , 152 Roudebush, Rep. Richard, 130 Rover (program), 157 Rudloph, D r . Arthur, 142 Ryan, Rep. W i l l i a m F. , 146 Saigon, Vietnam, 131 S t . Clai r , Wade, 149 S t . Louis, Mo., 136 San Diego, Cal i f . , 131 San Miguel Island, 147 Sanders, Newel1 D. , 132 Santa Susana, Calif . , 144 Saturn I B (uprated Saturn I) (booster) , 133, 152 Saturn V (booster) , 132, 133, 139, 152, 155 Science, 138 Scout (booster) , 144, 157 Seaborg, D r . Glenn T . , 148 Seal Beach, Ca l i f . , 155 Sensor, 149 Sent inel APN system, 155 Service Technology Corp. (LTV) , 156 Skylark (sounding rocket) , 157 Skynet (u.K. comsat), 154 Smith, Prof. Frederick E . , 145 Smithsonian In s t i t u t i on , 153 ?NAP-19 (radioisotope generator) , 147 jolar f l a r e , 139, 154 Solar Pa r t i c l e Aler t Network (SPAN), 154 Sonic boom, 145-147, 159 Sonic Boom Conference, 150 Sonic Boom Research (NASA SP-147), 150 Sounding rocket , 132, 134, 136, 143, 146, 149, 154, 157 Space biology, 133 Space, m i l i t a ry use of, 133 Space program, nat ional , 131, 133, 135, 137, 143, 145, 154 Space race, 129, 143, 151 Space r e s u l t s , 131, 135, 148, 154, 158 Spain, 140 SPAN. See Solar Pa r t i c l e Aler t Network. Spartan (miss i le ) , 155 Spence, Roderick W . , 157 Sperry Rand Corp. , 157 S p i r i t of St . Louis ( a i r c r a f t ) , 131 S r i Rocha, Southeast Asia, 136

MAY 1968

U.S. Army (USA), 142, 155 U. S. Geological Survey, 149 U. S. Navy (USN) , 138, 140, 158 USNS Point Barrow, 155 U.S.S. Pueblo, 137 U. S. S.R-O~ of Soviet Soc i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s )

a i r c r a f t , 142 a i r l i n e s , 134 communications s a t e l l i t e , 138 launch

s a t e l l i t e Cosmos, 134, 153, 157

miss i l e and space program, 129 miss i l e and rocket program, 129 nuclear t e s t ban t r ea ty , 130, 158 science and technology, 131, 133 space program, 129, 132-133, 143, 148, 151-152 t e s t , 147, 155

nuclear, 136 weapons, 133

Valparaiso, Chile, 152 Vandenberg AFB, Calif . , 147 Venus (p l ane t ) , 153 Von Braun, D r . Wernher, 142, 143 V/STOL a i r c r a f t , 132 VTOL a i r c r a f t , 133 Wakstein, D r . Charles, 148 Wallops S ta t ion (NASA), 134, 150, 158 Washington, D.C., 140, 141, 143, 156 Washington National Airport , 155 Watson, Postmaster General W. Marvin, 143 Weapon systems, 133 Webb, James E. , 129, 131, 137, 145, 150 Welsh, D r . Edward C . , 143 West Virginia, 141 Western Test Range (WTR), 144 Westinghouse E l ec t r i c Corp., 150 White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), 132, 146, 154 White, Gen. Thomas D . , Space Trophy, 156 Wisconsin, Univ. o f , 145 Wonsan, North Korea, 137 Wright -Patterson AFB, Ohio, 142 XB-70 (supersonic a i r c r a f t ) , 134 Yardney E lec t r i c Corp., 154 Yavnel, Aleksandr, 151 Ye s hiva Univ.

Graduate School of Science, 151