N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci :...
-
Upload
ethel-robinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci :...
![Page 1: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
n
Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci:1-Staphylococci :2-Streptococcus :
Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter, arranged in clusters, non spore formers, and non-motile.
Staphylococcus aureus
species are capsulated.
![Page 2: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
n
Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic bacteria .
All species grow best on nutrient agar and blood agar.
Mannitol salt agar is a selective media for Staphylococcus species.
It can grow at a temperature range of 15-45 C, and NaCl concentration as high as 15%.
![Page 3: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
n
Clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus :1-Localized skin infections.
2-Acute endocarditis.
3-Pneumonia.
4-Septicemia. Staphylococcus impetigo
5-Food poisoning:(foodborne intoxication).
![Page 4: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
n
Streptococcus: Gram positive cocci ,occur in pairs and in short chains.
None-motile, none- spore formers, some strains are capsulated.
Strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes.
Gram positive
Streptococci:
in chains.
![Page 5: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classification of Streptococcus species:
Streptococcus species are classified according to hemolytic activity .
![Page 6: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
n
Beta-Hemolytic: Alpha Hemolytic
Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae
![Page 7: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
n
Clinical significance of Streptococcus pyogenes :1-Acute pharyngitis and tonsilitis.
2-Impetigo and deep skin infection .
3 -Acute Rheumatic fever. Due to the bacteria M protein .
Streptococcus tonsilitis
4-Acute nephritis. Due to antibodies interaction with glomerulus .
![Page 8: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
n
The Gram negative Diplococci:Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram negative cocci , Kidney-shaped, occur in pairs, in clinical specimens: present inside the polymorphonuclear cells.
![Page 9: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
n
They grow best on Thayer-Martin Medium; Chocolate agar
supplemented by vancomycin and nystatin .
Both factor X and V (hemoglobin, NAD) are required for
Neisseria species cultivation.
A 5-10 % CO2 is required for primary cultivation.
Neisseria growth
On Chocolate agar.
![Page 10: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
n
Clinical significance:Neisseria meningitidis
Meningococcal disease
1-Meningitis2-Septicemia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
1-Urinary tract infection: (Most common):
A- Gonococcal Urethritis .
B- Pelvic inflammatory disease
![Page 11: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
nN
Gram positive Bacilli
Non-BranchingBranching
ActinomycesSpore formers Non-spore formers
Aerobic Anaerobic
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani
Acid-fast Non-acid fast
Mycobacterium CorynebacteriumListeria
Lactobacillus
![Page 12: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Gram’s positive spore former aerobic bacilli:
The genus Bacillus:
Gram-positive spore-forming, non-motile, bacilli arranged in chains.
Bacillus anthracis species are capsulated in tissue and spore-former
in the culture.
Gram’s stain smear Malachite green spore stain .
![Page 13: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
n
Bacillus anthracis grows on nutrient agar or blood agar in presence of oxygen (obligate aerobic bacteria) .
On the blood agar, Bacillus anthracis colonies are non-hemolytic, with irregular border.
Growth of Bacillus cereus
and Bacillus anthracis.
![Page 14: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
n
Clinical significance:Bacillus anthracis :
1-Cutaneous anthrax : Spore germination in skin ,
a papule development , converted into malignant
pustule.2-Pulmonary anthrax :( Woolsorter’s disease:)
- hemorrhagic lymphadenitis .
Bacillus cereus :Enterotoxins cause food poisoning.
![Page 15: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Gram positive spore-forming anaerobic bacilli:
The genus Clostridium:Gram-positive spore-forming, anaerobic large bacilli .
Clostridium tetani species forms terminal spores, while sub-
terminal or central oval spores are produced by Clostridium
perfringens.
Microscopic Drum-stick Appearance of
Clostridium tetani
![Page 16: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
n
All Clostridium species are obligatory anaerobic.
On blood agar, Clostridium perfringens species produce zone of complete hemolysis surrounded by wider zone of incomplete hemolysis.
Clostridium tetani colonies show beta hemolytic activity.
![Page 17: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Clinical significance: Clostridium perfringens :
1-Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) : Caused by alpha toxin which damages host and blood cells.
2-Food poisoning: caused by Enterotoxin.
![Page 18: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
N
Clostridium botulinum : -Botulism :
Food poisoning, lead to progressive striated muscle paralysis.
Clostridium tetani :-Tetanus :General muscle paralysis .
Clostridium difficile :-Diarrhea, and pseudomembranous colitis due to long-term
antibiotic therapy .
![Page 19: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Non-spore former acid-fast Bacilli:
The genus Mycobacterium:The Mycobacteria are acid-fast, non-motile, non-spore forming rods.
The microbe can not be stained well by Gram’s stain due to the presence of waxy capsule.
![Page 20: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
n
Mycobacterium is best demonstrated by Ziehl -Neelsen staining technique; the microbes appear as thin pink rods arranged singly or in groups.
Once stained, they resist decolorization with 2% H2SO4 and
95% alcohol (Acid-fast, Alcohol fast).
![Page 21: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
n
Mycobacterium is strict aerobic, grows very slowly (2-4 weeks) on
Lowenstein-Jensen medium; produce dry creamy colored colonies.
Culture characteristics of Tubercle bacilli on Lowenstein Jensen medium .
![Page 22: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Non-spore Non-acid fast bacilli: The genus Corynebacterium:
Gram positive pleomorphic long rods with swollen one end (club-shaped).They lie in small groups joined at angles to each other giving characteristic Chinese-letter arrangement
Corynebacterium bacilli arranged as Chinese-letter.Note the metachromatic Granules.
![Page 23: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
n
Aerobe or facultative anaerobe; grows rapidly on Löffler's
medium at 37 C giving opaque white colonies within 4-12
hours.
On blood tellurite;
the organism reduces
tellurite and produce
grey-black colonies
![Page 24: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
a Clinical significance of Corynebacterium:1-Upper respiratory tract: Diphtheria.
Pseudo-membrane appearance. Marked lymph node enlargement.
2-Skin infection. Diphtheria skin lesion.
![Page 25: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
n
n
Gram’s negative Bacilli
Enterobacteriaceae
Lactose Fermenter
Non-Lactose
fermenter
E. coliKlebsiella
SalmonellaShigella
Vibrio’s Curved-S,U Shaped
bacilli
Spirochetes
Coccobacilli
Vibrio cholera
CampylobacterHelicobacter
Treponema
Brucella
![Page 26: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
General properties of Enterobacteriaceae :1 -Short rods, and non-spore formers.
2 -All are motile (by peritichous flagellae) except
Klebsiella and Shigella
3 -Aerobes or facultative anaerobes.
4 -Oxidase negative and catalase positive .
5 -All ferment glucose with acid or acid and gas production
and reduce nitrate to nitrite.
![Page 27: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
n
Based on lactose fermentation, Enterobacteriaceae species are divided into:
1-Lactose fermenters as: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
2-Non-lactose fermenters as: Salmonella, Shigella .
![Page 28: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Clinical significance of some Enterobacteriaceae species :
1 -E.coli : Urinary tract infection.
Gastroenteritis.2-Klebsiella :
Lower respiratory tract infection. Urinary tract infection.
3-Salmonella: Typhoid fever, and food poisoning.
4-Shigella: Dysentery.
![Page 29: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Vibrios :-Vibrios are gram-negative aerobic comma shaped curved
bacilli, motile with a single polar flagellum.Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 are responsible of epidemic cholera .
They grow on different media at high pH (8.5-9.5) as alkaline peptone water and TCBS.
![Page 30: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Curved S, U-shaped bacilli:The Genus Helicobacter and Campylobacter :
-Gram’s negative pleomorphic S or U-shaped Bacilli.-Fastidious microbe grow best on Enriched media
supplemented by Bovine serum albumin and antibiotics -Microaerophilic bacterium (5% O2, 10% CO2)
Clinical significance:1-Helicobacter:
peptic ulcer disease.2-Campylobacter: Gastroenteritis .
![Page 31: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Coccobacilli :The Genus Brucella:
Gram-negative non-motile, non-capsulated short coccobacilli .
Aerobic bacteria; grow best on liver extract agar at 5-10%
CO2 .
![Page 32: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
n
Clinical significance:
Brucella melitensis : Malta fever.
It is mainly a pathogen of goats and sheep .
It the strain found in the Mediterranean area and Arabian
Gulf.
Brucella abortus: Malta fever.
infects cattle mainly but can infect other animals.
![Page 33: N Pyogenic Cocci: The Gram’s positive Cocci: 1-Staphylococci : 2-Streptococcus : Staphylococci : is a Gram positive Cocci, one micrometer in diameter,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d9c5503460f94a858d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Spirochetes:
Treponema pallidum :
-It has a characteristic helical shape, tightly coiled bacilli like a
telephone cord.
-All are Gram’s negative spiral bacilli with endoflagella
-Because it can not be stained by Gram’s stain ;
wet-mount Preparation should be examined by Darkfield -
microscopy .
Clinical significance:
-Primary, secondary, and
late stage Syphilis .