N H I - Pan American Health Organization€¦ · · 2006-06-06c h o t o m o u s k e y. ... N H I...

NNATURAL ATURAL HHERITAGE ERITAGE IINSTITUTENSTITUTEN H IN H I

FT1.08FT1.08The Global Potential The Global Potential

for Major Water System for Major Water System Reoptimization Reoptimization to Restore Downstream Ecosystems to Restore Downstream Ecosystems

and Livelihoodsand Livelihoods

NNATURAL ATURAL HHERITAGEERITAGE IINSTITUTENSTITUTE

N H IN H IExtent of Major Dams

• Today: 49,000 large dams, two thirds in developing countries.

• 1,700 large dams are under construction in other parts of the world, primarily China and India.

• Pay “more rigorous attention to…maintaining biodiversity, and protecting ecosystems in the design and implementation of water projects….The water supply needs of rivers, wetlands, and fisheries will be considered in decisions concerning the operation of reservoirs and the allocation of water.”


N H IN H IExtent & Location of Major Dams

ChinaRest of Asia

North AmericaWestern Europe

AfricaEastern EuropeSouth America

Central AmericaAustalasia

Number of Large Dams

NNATURAL ATURAL HHERITAGEERITAGE IINSTITUTENSTITUTEN H IN H I

Irrigation: Half the world’s large dams were built exclusively or primarily for irrigation.


N H IN H IHydropower: Hydropower currently provides 19% of the world’s total electricity supply and is used in over 150 countries.


N H IN H IFlood Control: Floods affected the lives of 65 million people per year, more than any other type of disaster, including war, drought and famine.


N H IN H IEnvironment: Today, dams must be reoptimized for other benefits: environmental performance and livelihoods.


N H IN H IIt’s Not Just a Matter of Water Volume….

This is the same volume!


N H IN H IImpact of Dam Operations on Floodplains


N H IN H I


N H IN H IImpacts to Sediment Regime and Fluvial

Morphology

• Radically alters transport and deposition of silt in floodplains, river channels, deltas and coastlines


N H IN H IEnvironmental Flow Assessments Becoming More Widely Adopted

Environmental flow methodologies have been applied in 52 countries, including the following developing countries:

oLesothooMalioMauritaniaoMexicooMozambiqueoNamibiaoNigeria

oBraziloCambodiaoCameroonoChileoIndiaoIndonesiaoKenya

oPakistanoSenegaloSouth AfricaoTanzaniaoTurkeyoZambiaoZimbabwe


N H IN H I

Parameters:Magnitude, Duration, Frequency, Location,

Seasonality

Objectives:Instream ConditionsFloodplain Conditions

Water management techniques togenerate water when, where and in amounts desired.

Balancing the Restoration Flow Demand and Supply Equation


N H IN H IWhere Flow Restoration Provides

Greatest Benefits

Broad Alluvial Floodplains

Estuaries Deltas

Wetlands


N H IN H IThe Toolkit for Dam Reoperation

Irrigation dams:• Relocating points of diversion and return flow

• Integrating groundwater and surface storage (conjunctive water management)

• Aquifer recharge and recovery (groundwater banking)

• Reductions in physical losses from irrigation systems

• Water transfer arrangements

• Retiring waterlogged or salinized lands



Hydroelectric dams:• Changing the role and function of the hydrodam in the mix of

generation facilities for the grid

• Substitution of daily peaking facilities

• Re-regulation reservoirs downstream of hydroelectric dams

• Pumped storage facilities to reduce the need to operate dams to follow electrical load curves

• Better coordination of cascades of dams to permit more flexible operation



Flood Management:

• Floodplain accommodations of seasonal inundations

• Flood easements

• Flood routing and storage in retention basins

• Levee setbacks


N H IN H IRapid Assessment Tool for Selecting

Promising Dams

Dichotomous key


N H IN H IRegional Components


N H IN H IProject Partners in China Component

• Ministry of Water Resources• Yellow River Conservancy Commission• Yangtze Water Resources Commission• Pearl River Commission • Three Gorges Project Corporation• Chinese Academy of Sciences • Tsinghua University• Global Water Partnership—China• Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research• Oriental Environmental Institute• World Wildlife Fund• Institute for Food Policy Research (IFPRI)• Shandong Province Department of Water Resources• Guanxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Department of Water Resources• Natural Heritage Institute


N H IN H I

XiaolangdiSanmenxia

Three Gorges

Danjiangkou

Eternal Spring City

LongtanLi Jiang


N H IN H I

Diama Diama DamDam

Faleme Faleme RiverRiver

Senegal River

Senegal River

Bafing

Bafing

River

River

BakoyeBakoye RiverRiver

ManantaliManantali DamDam

AkosomboAkosombo DamDam

Whi

te V

olta

Whi

te V

olta

Black Volta

Black Volta

Lake ChadLake ChadHadejiaHadejia--NguruNguruwetlandswetlands

TigaTiga DamDam

Challawa Challawa GorgeGorgeDamDam

Lake VoltaLake Volta


N H IN H IComposition of Partnership

• Dam owners and operators• River Basin Commissions• National regulatory and planning agencies• Governmental and university research

institutes• Local NGOs representing river basin

communities• International NGOs with high degree of

technical capacity• Water user interests


N H IN H IProducts and Results

• Toolkit of reoperation techniques• Rapid assessment tool• List of promising dam reoperation targets• Reoperation plans for selected dams• A reoptimization investment plan• Much improved sense of environmentally

compatible siting, design and operations of new dams

• Durable network of expertise and activism

NNATURAL ATURAL HHERITAGE ERITAGE IINSTITUTENSTITUTEN H IN H I

FT1.08FT1.08The Global Potential The Global Potential

for Major Water System for Major Water System Reoptimization Reoptimization to Restore Downstream Ecosystems to Restore Downstream Ecosystems

and Livelihoodsand Livelihoods

N H I - Pan American Health Organization€¦ · · 2006-06-06c h o t o m o u s k e y. ... N H I...

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