NEW WORLDChapter 1

SHAPING OF NORTH AMERICA

Supercontinent Contained all dry land Began to drift away

Rocky Mtn. = “Roof of the America”

Lake Bonneville Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Drained to the Pacific Ocean through Snake and

Columbia Rivers Great Lake Remained

PEOPLING THE AMERICAS

35,000 yrs ago Bering Strait

Eurasia = North America Migratory herds Nomadic Asian hunters

CONT.

54 million people inhabited America’s Split into tribes 2,000 languages = diverse

Incas = Peru Aztecs = Mexico

20 million Elaborate cities Commerce

EARLIEST AMERICANS

Agriculture Size Sophistication of

culture Corn = Staff of Life

Spread across America Transformation

Pueblo Rio Grande =

Irrigation Adobe

Terraced buildings

CONT.

Matrilineal cultures

Three-sister Farming Beans, corn, squash

Endowed nature

INDIRECT DISCOVERIES

Scandinavia – 1000 B.C. New Foundland

Crusaders Exotic Goods

Silk, drugs, perfumes, spices, sugar

Less Expensive Route

EUROPEANS

Caravel = ship Sail more closely into the wind

Portuguese Trading posts along African shoreline Slaves / Gold Slave Brokers

Sugar plantations Shape the New World

CONT.

Spain takes over Ferdinand / Isabella Race for wealth

Portugal dominated Africa

Spain looked westward

COLUMBUS

Renaissance = 14th century Compass

Columbus = sailed for Spain 3 ships 6 weeks Oct. 12, 1492

Bahamas

Global economic system emerged Europe, Africa, and New World

WORLDS COLLIDE

Columbian exchange New World

Exotic animals Rattle snakes, iguanas

Plants Corn, tomato, potato, tobacco Most important gift Changed economy

Old World crops / animals / disease

Seedlings of sugar cane, dandelions, daisies Horse

CONQUISTADORES

1500’s Spanish Explorers

dominant power Fanned out across

Americas

Treaty of Tordesillas Dividing Portugal

and Spain

EXPLORERS

Vasco Nunez Balboa 1513 Panama Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan 1519 Tip of South America to Philippines 1st to sail around the world

EXPLORERS

Juan Ponce de Leon 1513 and 1521 Florida

Francisco Coronado 1540 – 1542 Arizona / New Mexico / Kansas Grand Canyon / Rio Grande / Colorado River Buffalo

Hernando de Soto Gold seeking / 600 men Mississippi

EXPLORERS

Hernan Cortes 1519 Mexico Interpreters - Malinche

Aztecs Noche triste – June 30, 1520 Disease Temples destroyed

SPANISH AMERICA

160,000 Spaniards subjugated millions of Indians

Printing Press Cathedrals

English John Cabot

1497 Northeaster Coast of North America

CONT.

Battle of Acoma – 1599 Pueblo Brutal to survivors New Mexico

Capital = Sante Fe – 1609

Christianity / Missionaries Pope’s Rebellion – 1680

Pueblo Destroyed every Catholic Church Killed priests and Spanish settlers

CONT.

1716 Settlements in Texas San Antonio = Alamo

Black Legend False concept about conquerors Mestizo

Erected colossal empire California to Florida to Tierra del Fuego