N C LL An Investigation Conducted American Management Inc.

AD-A259 343 CR 92.015N C h JIIu,, LOctober 1992

N C LL An Investigation Conducted byAmerican Management

Contract Report Systems, Inc.

CONCEPTUAL STUDY N 1993

OF A MODULE CONNECTOR BSYSTEM FOR A

DEPLOYABLE WATERFRONT FACILITY

Abstract This report presents three conceptual methods for connectingbarge-like modules in open seas. The goal is to identify new technology andmaterials for use in the development of a high strength connecting systemthat can be installed fast in open seas with limited heavy lift equipment. Thethree concepts presented are: (a) flat, flexible connector with pneumatic blad-ders, (b) cylindrical, flexible connector with pneumatic bladders, and (c) flat,flexible connector with a mechanical closure. Majof components of each con-cept are described to demonstrate the mechanism of the concept. Preliminarycalculations are provided to show the strength and holding capacity. Theadvantages and disadvantages of each concept are discussed. Research anddevelopment requirement for each concept are discussed. Research and de-velopment requirement for each concept are identified. A test procedure toverify the feasibility of the concepts is also proposed.

P93-00871

NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY PORT HUENEME CALIFORNIA 93043-4328

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

1]~0 O k-E ONT

zi~I Bl qG `11 A qtIa - 0 c4I 0 i- t-

'IEHF' VIE E--

w LP

iII !~Ialai

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 0704&418I

caiM hbffwft. Wh "go""u 1W Ig oft wsa"% 10 Wm1*"n 0a9*w Swm %rWS I Inlman aWn ftwwU. 1215 .Miho,0 Omva W109*.Swd's1204, bdanU~n. VA "2In' 43O en. U's ID .4 Ofias*UAqamV end Sudga. P~u'.wk ftkW POW fl)7044U). Wam*q~. O 20503.

1. AaAC? UN ONLY Awev bln) L. AIIIOR? OAIM & AIORT TV" AND DAT" GOVINE

Octo0ber 1992 Final; 23 September 1991 - 31 March 1992

4-m moswnsCONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A 1110 1121111111

MODULE CONNECTOR SYSTEM FOR A PE -62233NDEPLOYABLE WATERFRONT FACILITY WU - DN669041

8. MlfNom

Unknown

7. Pa~wloft onammm1ok www *io mxwnoma a. PGA1100111111 fORAmN"""American Management Systems, Inc. APR A

Chesapeake, VA 23320 CR 92.015

Chief of Naval Research Naval Civil Engineering LaboratoryOffice of Naval Technology Amphibious Systems Division800 NO. Quincy Street Code L65Arlington. VA 22217-5M0 Pon Huen=m. CA 93043-4328

11. swpnsmMAP~NTS

12& V1$Tft6LIWAVAIIA8U¶Y ?TAT81NT 't on MWIUV 00011

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.I

I& A8STRACT IM.,rnn M wft

This report presents three conceptual neietods for connecting barge-like modules in open seas. The goal is toidentify new technology and materials for use in the development of a high sftrngth connecting system that can beinstalled fast in open swas with limited heavy lift equipment. TIe three concepts presented are: (a) flat, flexibleconnector with pnuematic bladders, (b) cylindrical, flexible connecto with pnewumatic bladders. and (c) flat. flexibleconnector with a mechanical closur. Major components of each concept wre described to demonstrate the mechanismof the concept. Prclunlnazy calculations arm provided to show Mie strengt and holding capaicity. IVe advantages anddisadvantages of each concept an discussed. Research and development requirement for each concept are discussed.Research and development requirement for eacb concept are identified. A test procedure to verify the feasibility of theconcepts is also proposed.

14. WAmon T~S I& WIN~ OF P*A=S

Modular connector, conceptual study; open seaways; flat, flexible connector, cylindrical, 50flexible connector pneumatic bladders ft. FRO 01

11. OfJUNW OIAS~fOAIIO Ii BOP U OiU INIYCTO ftnioi 96L WIO' OLASOV6ATION IL WTAVION OF ABSTRACT- POAPOT OF "M6 PAWS OF A84PACT

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified IlL

NSN 754"1W-11400W 5Irwnr FWY 26 (N~.y 249)FPvma*WbV ANSI Bid 2016M-6102

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A MODULE CONNECTOR SYSTEM FOR A

DEPLOYABLE WATERFROONT FACILITY (D WF)

(FINAL REPORT)

This study contains three conceptual methods for connecting aseries of barge-like modules to provide a floating DeployableWaterfront Facility (DWF) on exposed coastlines. The conceptspresented in this report were developed by American ManagementSystems, Inc. (AMS), Chesapeake, Virginia for the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL), PortHueneme, California; as required by AMS Contract No. N00123-89-D-0617/EJQE, and as described in NCEL Technical Memorandum M-65-89-08and its references.

The conceptual methods presented in this study are:

1) Flat Flexible Connector With Pneumatic Bladders

2) Cylindrical Flexible Connector With Pneumatic Bladders

3) Flat Flexible Connector With Mechanical Closure

BACKGROUNDt

The mission of the Deployable Waterfront Facility (DWF) is toenhance the Navy's amphibious logistics capability by providing ameans for the transfer of containers and rolling stock fromcommercial and Navy vessels to deployed Marine Corps AmphibiousForces on the beach.

The DWF is a floating platform consisting of a series ofbarge-like floating modules which can be connected together invarious configurations to meet specific mission sites. The DWF isto be moored offshore in water depths up to 150 feet and connectedto shore by a floating causeway.

This study focuses on the conceptual development of theconnector systems to be used to connect the platform componentstogether.

DESIGN CRITERIA:

The design criteria taken into consideration to develop theconcepts presented in this study include the following, as derivedfrom the Statement of Work and the various Technical Memorandumsassociated with the DWF project.

- DWF shall be capable of operations in Sea State 4 conditionsand shall be survivable in Sea State 6.

Conceptual Study - 2 -March 1992(Final Report)

- Connectors are to be capable of resisting total loads of 1,000long tons (2,240,000 pounds). It is assumed that 1,000 longtons represent the maximum loads anticipated at the connectorsbased on DWF survival criteria of Sea State 6.

- Capability of installation in Sea State 2 conditions.

- Connection system to be sufficiently flexible to allowrelative motion between barge modules while still allowingvehicle traffic across adjacent modules.

- Barge modules are to have principal dimensions of 300 feetlong x 100 feet wide x 25 feet deep, weighing 5,000 long tons

- DWF must have the capability of being retrieved and relocated.

Aoonesson For

XTIS aRA&iDTIC TABUnannoeanoed QJust i "c 17rt on

Vietrltbution/Pvallab2it y Vo es

jAvail anhi/or

Dist Spj ,.1

I dol

DEPLOYABLE WATERFRONT FACILTY (DWF)

CONCEPT NO,1: FLAT FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR WTH PNEUMATiC BLADDERS

DISCUSSION:

This concept consists of a series of flat flexible connectorswith integral air bladders or chambers, as illustrated in theDrawing No. I-1 and No. 1-2.

These connectors are constructed of a flexible compositematerial based on a commercially available product having thematerial specifications and properties as detailed in AppenCix A -"Table 1.

Air bladders or chambers are encapsulated within the sides ofeach connector. These air bladders/chambers are each fitted withan air line, molded into the connectors, penetrating their outerends with quick connect air line fittings.

Separate structurally reinforced receptors are built into theends and sides of each barge. It is into these receptors that theconnectors are inserted.

These receptors are slightly larger than the connectors andtheir outer 'iPper and lower surfaces are radiused and ramped toassist in 1:ie aligning and insertion process. The radiusedsurfaces at the entrance to the receptors also eliminates sharpedges which would tend to cut into the connector material.

An onboard compressed air system supplies air to a recessedaccess box built into the deck of the barge at the inboard ends ofeach receptor.

A work force consisting of several men and a small mobilecrane or similar device position individual connectors into thesereceptors.

Once the connectors are inserted into their receptor, flexiblecompressed air hoses within these recessed air boxes are connectedto the quick connect air line fittings which extend from eachconnector.

As the air bladders inflates it distorts or conforms theconnector material to the interior surfaces of the receptor. Theresulting pneumatic force which is created holds the connector inplace. There are no mechanical or physical restraints to fail.

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 1

The receptors are also designed with recesses along theirupper and lower interior surfaces. The connector material willconform into these recesses thus increasing the overall holdingcapability of each connector.

The cross sectional inverted 'T' shape of each connector actsas a bumper and a spacer between adjacent barges to avoid contactduring varying sea and load conditions. The lower end of theinverted 'T' will extend up to and be level with the main deck ofthe barges to provide a roadway/bridge between adjacent bargemodules.

The compressed air piping to each connector is equipped witha series of shut off, dump, and relief valves in order to isolatethe air supply to each receptor, if necessary.

All that is necessary to disassemble the DWF, is to dump orrelieve the air pressure in the bladders along one side and pullthe barge modules apart.

CONNECTOR SIZE AND SHRAPE:

For this concept a rectangular shaped connector was evaluated.The rectangular shape of the type illustrated in Drawing No. 1-1and No. 1-2, was considered to provide the maximum amount ofconnector material between adjacent barge modules while maintainingthe fewest number of individual components. The fewer the numberof connectors which have to be installed equates to less manpower,equipment and time requirements to assemble the DWF.

Based on preliminary calculations, the overall size of eachconnector is approximately 14 feet long x 14 feet wide x 6 feetdeep. The sides, which are inserted into the receptors, areapproximately 14 inches deep. Each connector has an estimatedweight of approximately 11 long tons.

The integral air bladder/chamber encapsulated within the sidesof each connector is approximately 10 feet long x 4 feet wide x 1inch deep.

To provide an adequate factor of safety and a degree ofredundancy, it is recommended that four of these style connectorsbe installed along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected.

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 2

CONNECTOR STRENGT! CAPABILITIES:

Preliminary calculations indicate this connector concept hasthe following strength capabilities.

Breaking strenath: 4,700,000 lbs. per connector *

Utilizing four connectors: 18,800,000 lbs. total(8,400 long tons)

• Each connector alone is capable of withstanding themaximum total loads anticipated.

Breaking strength is based on the following:

Min. tensile strengthof connector material: 2,000 lbs./sq. in.

Connector dimensions: 14' long x 14' wide x 6' deep(14" deep along each side)

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety from tension of 2.1 for each connector and a Factor ofsafety of 8.4 utilizing a four (4) connector system.

Pneumatic holding canabilitv: 1,120,000 lbs. per connector *


Holding capability is based on the following:Proposed air bladder size: 10' long x 4' wideProposed air pressure: 162 psi (minimum)Coefficient of friction: 0.60Holding capability: 560,000 lbs. per surface

x two surfaces/side 1,120,000 lbs. per connector

Utilizing four connectors 4,480,000 lbs. total(2,000 long tons)

* This does not take into consideration the increaseholding capability due to the recesses built into the topand bottom surfaces of each receptor or from any patternor shape incorporated into these surfaces.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety based on holding capability of 2.0 utilizing a four (4)connector system.

CONCEPT NO. 1page 3

Shearing Strenatbi 2,115,000 lbs per connector


Shearing strength is based on the following:Shearing strengthof connector material: 900 lbs./sq.in. at

maximum elongationCross sectional areaof connector: 14' wide x 14" deep

- 2,352 sq.in.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety based on shear of 3.8 utilizing a four (4) connectorsystem.

TECHNOLOGIES:

The following technologies or design aspects will requireadditional development effort and research.

- Design characteristics. A detailed computer analysis of theanticipated loads on the facility will be necessary to fullyidentify the forces to which the components of this conceptwill be subjected. Once these forces are known then actualdesign characteristics and sizing requirements of theindividual components can be developed.

- Connector material. AMS has had preliminary discussions witha manufacturer of the material discussed above. Although thismaterial is presently not being used in an application similarto the proposed use, the material specifications andproperties made available indicate that this material, or amaterial with similar characteristics, should be suitable.

Part of the development of actual design characteristics forthe connectors will include an examination into materialmodification or adaptation. To increase the strength of theconnectors it may be necessary to incorporate additionalstrength members into the material. This may include theintroduction of steel belts, similar to those found in radialtires, which will add strength yet still permit the connectorsthe flexibility required. It may also include theintroduction of heavy structural strength members to minimizesagging during installation. These consideration will requiredirect input by a manufacturer, ie. Goodyear Tire and RubberCompany, to study the feasibility of this type of

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 4

modifications and the problems which may be associated withit.

- Air bladder. The design and material specifications for theinternal air bladder has to be further investigated anddeveloped.

There are several air bladder applications presently in usewhich should meet the requirements of this concept. Theseinclude application in the suspension systems for buses andtrucks. The manufacturers we contacted considered theinformation pertaining to their air bladder systems asproprietary and were reluctant to provide strength propertiesand material characteristics at this time. However, it is ouropinion that presently available air bladder technology couldbe easily modified for use as proposed in this conceptconsidering the similarity of operating air pressures.

Additional design and research efforts on the air bladder willfocus on how best to encapsulate this bladder within a chamberinternal to the connector to assure the integrity of thebladder. Preliminary calculations indicate that there couldbe as much as 7 inches of connector material surrounding theair bladder/chamber.

Further analysis will also be required to determine how muchdeformation of the connector above and below the bladder canbe expected given the proposed air pressure. Modifications tothe design may be necessary based on the outcome of thisanalysis.

- Receptors. Structural design analysis will be required todevelop a receptor and surrounding structure with sufficientstrength to withstand the anticipated loads. Structuraldesign of the receptor will be dependent upon final systemrequirements.

If it is decided to provide the capability of removing andreplacing a connector while the facility is still coupledtogether than the receptors will have to be built in twopieces where the top half can be unbolted and removed toprovide access to the connector.

Further analysis will also be required to determine the besttype of material from which to construct the receptors, thesize and shape of the recessed areas or pattern to beincorporated into the upper and lower surfaces of thereceptors, and the design of the entrance openings.

- Compressed air system. Compressed air requirements for thisconcept will include. a standard diesel driven air compressor

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 5

with an air receiver and a fuel oil system. A dedicated airsystem could be installed on each barge module or if themodule is already equipped with air capability then the airresources could be shared, reducing the need for additionalequipment and the maintenance associated with it.

As presently conceived, each bladder when inflated wouldrequire approximately 5 cu ft of air at the proposed minimum162 psi air pressure. Air would enter the bladder via a non-return check valve and would be released via a separateconnection.The design of the bladder is such that there is no need for acontinuous flow of air, once inflated the compressor wouldshut down. The air receiver would make up for any leakagewhich did occur. Maintenance on this compressed air systemwould be the same as for any diesel driven compressed airsystem.

ADVANTAGES:

The advantages of this concept are as follows:

- Strength/Flexibility of material. The strength of theconnector material will allow it to withstand the extremeforces and loads anticipated; yet is flexible enough to allowfor relative motion between barge modules, more so than arigid connector.

- Holding capability. Utilizing the proposed minimum airpressure of 162 psi in the air bladders, each connector iscapable of resisting a pull of 1,120,000 lbs. The airpressure to the air bladders could easily be increasedresulting in a correspondingly higher holding capability.

- Redundancy. It is proposed to utilize four rectangularconnectors along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected. As calculated, if one of the connectors along theface or end of a barge module were to fail, the remaining -three would still be able to withstand the total anticipatedloads.

- Ease of installation. It is envisioned that the actualconnection of individual barge modules would take place on theleeward side of the heavy lift vessel which transports themodules to the site where the facility will be deployed.Working on the leeward side of the vessel would afford adegree of protection as well as assist in aligning the initialbarge modules together.

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 6

All connectors along the end or sides of one of the bargemodules are inserted into individual receptors. This willrequire the use of a small mobile crane or similar device andseveral men to assist in handling each receptor. Air supplylines are connected to each bladder, the air bladders arecharged, and these connectors are held in place.

Once the connectors along one face of a barge are in place, asecond barge is floated into position and the connectors areslipped into mating receptors. This mating process willprobably also require the use of small mobile cranes and manpower to assure proper alignment. Air lines are connected tothe air bladders along the side of the second barge, these airbladders are charged, and the installation is complete. Thereis no need for heavy equipment, chains, mooring lines, orcomplicated devices to make the connections.

To break the connection, simply dump or relieve the airpressure to the appropriate connectors and pull the bargemodules apart.

The most difficult part of assembling this facility will bethe alignment of adjacent barge modules. As presented, thisconcept requires that connectors be inserted into one bargemodule before the adjacent module is floated into position.Since this concept proposes the use of only four connectors,the actual alignment and insertion process is simplified. Themore connectors which are used the more difficult theinsertion process becomes and the more manpower and equipmentthat will be necessary.

Functions as a bumper. The use of a rubber type material forthe connectors eliminates the need for any other type offendering or bumper material between barges. The greater thedepth of the inverted 'T' shape of each connector the moreprotection is provided between adjacent barge modules.

In addition to functioning as a fender once the barge modulesare connected, these connectors will also function as a fenderto minimize contact between barge modules during the time thatthe facility is being assembled.

- Functions as a roadway. The size, shape, and strength of theconnector material considered will allow mobile equipment totransit from one barge to another; without the need ofinstalling, securing, or maintaining any additional bridgingor roadway systems.

- Minimal maintenance requirements. Once in place, theconnectors will require minimal maintenance. Periodicservicing of the primary air system machinery will be

CONCEPT NO. IPage 7

necessary, however, it will be minimal since the air bladderswill not require a constant supply of air.

DISADVANTAGES:

The disadvantages of this concept are as follows:

- Failure duo to shear. If the connector fails due to shearthis will most probably occur at the point just inboard ofwhere the connector enters the receptor, in way of theoutboard end of the air bladder/chamber; indicated asDimension 'T3' on Drawing 1-2. It is at this point where thedepth of the connector is the smallest and is considered to bea critical dimension.

Further design and analysis will be necessary to determine theprecise thickness across this location and to determine if thematerial needs to be reinforced, especially in the areaindicated above, to increase its ability to resist theanticipated shearing loads.

- Failure of a connector or air bladder. If a connector or anair bladder, as presented in this concept, were to fail, thefailed connector could not be replaced without separating ordisconnecting part of the DWF, due to the manner of initialconnector installation.

The ultimate selection on the number of connectors to be usedto connect the DWF together will include a consideration ofthe desired factor of safety and redundancy. As presented,there is redundancy built into the system, such that thefailure of any one connector will not adversely impact theability of the remaining connectors to maintain the integrityof the facility.

If the redundancy of several connectors is consideredinsufficient to meet design characteristics for the facility,the receptors could be modified to allow for connectorreplacement without separating adjacent barge modules. Boltedcover plates could replace the deck plates above each receptorand the receptors could be split into two halves boltedtogether around their perimeter. These cover plates and thereceptors would normally remain bolted together at all timesand the connectors would still be inserted as discussedearlier. These bolted covers would only be used in anemergency and when an individual connector had to be replacedafter the facility was assembled.

Maintenance of the Receptors. An excessive amount of oil orgrease within the receptors prior to connector insertion or

CONCEPT NO. 1Page 8

the entry of oil and grease after the connectors are in placecould be detrimental to that connector's holding capability.

It would be the responsibility of operating personnel toinsure that the receptors are free of all grease and oil priorto inserting the connectors. If deemed necessary a simplecover plate could be built which would close or seal eachreceptor while the barge modules are in transit or when areceptor is not in use to minimize the entry of any debris.Drains incorporated at the inboard ends of each receptor wouldprevent the accumulation of any water.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

The following is a listing of several areas which requireadditional consideration and evaluation as development of thisconcept continues.

- Consider the use of a cruciform shape versus an inverted 'T'shape for the connectors. This would allow for a betterdistribution of loads and provide additional fendering betweenadjacent barge modules.

- Consider multiple air bladders/chambers within the sides ofeach connector. This would provide additional redundancyacross each connector. The failure of a single bladder perconnector system would render that connector useless. Amultiple bladder system could be designed so that failure ofa single bladder in a connector would result in acorresponding increase in air pressure to the remainingbladders of that connector. Thus maintaining the overallholding capability of that connector.

- This concept currently includes the use of a separate airbladder, located within a chamber incorporated into eachconnector. Additional analysis will be neceesary to determineif a separate air bladder is essential. It may be possible toachieve the desired results by simply charging the chamberwith air, eliminating the need for a separate bladder and theproblems associated with encapsulating it within theconnector.

The incorporation of a built up pattern, similar to the a'diamond thread pattern' found on deck plates, into theinterior surfaces of the receptor would provide a multitude ofadditional surfaces around which the connector material couldconform after it is inflated, further increasing its holdingcapability.

CONCEPT NO. IPage 9

ac

,j,D

dc

Io-

% %

CL% %

4j % %%

% A I

% % % NO

% % %% I % %

% IJY % % %%% %

V,%%

4L 43& 42Le %

% 61%% C

% TeM

La GM %%%a, -19tj

L) %

40

iL

cm.

z 2

z 0V

rn = I

4n

DEPLOYABLE WATERFRONT FACILITY (DWF)

CONCEPTNO.2: CYLINDRICAL FLJBLE CONNECTOR WiTHPNEUMATICBLADDERS

DXSCUSSION:

This concept consists of a series of cylindrical flexibleconnectors with integral air bladders or chambers, as illustratedin the Drawing No. II-1 and No. 11-2.

These connectors are constructed of a flexible compositematerial based on a commercially available product having thematerial specifications and properties as detailed in Appendix A -Table 1.

Air bladders or chambers are encapsulated within the sides ofeach connector. These air bladders/chambers are each fitted withan air line, molded into the connectors, penetrating their outerends with quick connect air line fittings.

Separate structurally reinforced receptors are built into theends and sides of each barge. It is into these receptors that theconnectors are inserted.

These receptors are slightly larger than the connectors andtheir outer edges are radiused and ramped to assist in the aligningand insertion process. The radiused edges at the entrance to thereceptors also eliminates sharp edges which would tend to cut intothe connector material.

An onboard compressed air system supplies air to a recessedaccess box built into the deck of the barge at the inboard ends ofeach receptor.

A work force consisting of several men and a small mobilecrane or similar device position individual connectors into thesereceptors.

once the connectors are inserted into their receptor, flexiblecompressed air hoses within these recessed air boxes are connectedto the quick connect air line fittings which extend from eachconnector.

As the air bladders inflates it distorts or conforms theconnector material to the interior surfaces of the receptor. Theresulting pneumatic force which is created holds the connector inplace. There are no mechanical or physical restraints to fail.

CONCEPT No. 2Page 1

The receptors are also designed with recesses built into theirinterior circumferential surfaces. The connector material willconform into these recesses thus increasing the overall holdingcapability of each connector.

The design of these connectors incorporates a flat rectangularsection of material midway along the length of the cylindricalportion of the connector. This rectangular section is eithermolded together with the cylindrical portion of the connector or ismanufactured as a separate component, through which the cylindricalconnector is positioned. This rectangular section acts as a bumperand a spacer between adjacent barges to avoid contact duringvarying sea and load conditions. The upper portion of thisrectangular section of the connector extends up to and is levelwith the main deck of the barges to provide a roadway or bridgebetween adjacent barge modules.

The compressed air piping to each connector is equipped witha series of shut off, dump, and relief valves in order to isolatethe air supply to each receptor, if necessary.

All that is necessary to disassemble the DWF, is to dump orrelieve the air pressure in the bladders along one side and pullthe barge modules apart.

CONNECTOR SIZE KND 8KZEI

For this concept a cylindrical shaped connector was evaluated.The cylindrical shape of the type illustrated in Drawing No. II-1and No. 11-2, was considered to provide a smaller and perhapseasier to handle connector. The cylindrical shape also meant thatmore connectors could be positioned along each side and end of thebarge modules thus allowing for a greater amount of redundancy.Conversely, the more connectors means the more manpower, equipmentand time that would be required to assemble the DWF.

Based on preliminary calculations, the cylindrical portion ofeach connector is approximately 4 feet in diameter x 20 feet long.The rectangular section of the connector is approximately 8 feetlong x 8 feet wide x 2 feet thick. Each connector has an estimatedweight of approximately 11 long tons.

The integral air bladder/chamber encapsulated within the endsof the cylindrical portion of each connector is approximately 40inches in diameter x 8 feet long x 1 inch thick.

To provide an adequate factor of safety and a degree ofredundancy, it is recommended that eight of these style connectorsbe installed along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected.

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 2

CONNECTOR STRENGTH CAPABILITIZS:


Breakina strength 3,600,000 lbs. per connector *

Utilizing eight connectors: 28,800,000 lbs. total(12,850 long tons)

• Each connector alone is capable of withstanding themaximum total loads anticipated.

Breaking strength is based on the following:Min. tensile strengthof connector material: 2,000 lbs./sq. in.

Connector dimensions: 4' diameter x 20' long

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Faotor ofSafety from tension of 1.4 for each connector and a Faotor ofSafety of 12.8, utilizing an eight (8) connector system.

Pneumatic holding oagabilitv: 560,000 lbs. per connector *


Based on the following:Proposed air bladder size: 4' diameter x 8' longProposed air pressure: 156 psi (minimum)Coefficient of friction: 0.6Holding capability: 560,000 lbs. per connector

Utilizing eight connectors 4,480,000 lbs. total

* This does not take into consideration the increaseholding capability due to the recess built into thecircumference of the each receptor.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety based on holding capability of 2.0 utilizing an eight(8) connector system.

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 3

Shearina Strenath: 1,620,000 lbs per connector



maximum elongationCross sectional areaof connector: 4' diameter shape

- 1800 sq.in.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety based on shear of S.8 utilizing an eight (8) connectorsystem.

TWCNNOLOGIES:


- Design characteristios. A detailed computer analysis of theanticipated loads on the facility will be necessary to fullyidentify the forces to which the components of this conceptwill be subjected. Once these forces are known then actualdesign characteristics and sizing requirements of theindividual components can be developed.


Part of the development of actual design characteristics forthe connectors will include an examination into materialmodification or adaptation. To increase the strength of theconnectors it may be necessary to incorporate additionalstrength members into the material. This may include theintroduction of steel belts, similar to those found in radialtires, which will add strength yet still permit the connectorsthe flexibility required. It may also include theintroduction of heavy structural strength members to minimizesagging during installation. These consideration will requiredirect input by a manufacturer, ie. Goodyear Tire and RubberCompany, to study the feasibility of this type of

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 4

modifications and the problems which may be associated withit.

- Air bladder. The design and material specifications for theinternal air bladder has to be further investigated anddeveloped.

There are several air bladder applications presently in usewhich should meet the requirements of this concept. Theseinclude application in the suspension systems for buses andtrucks. The manufacturers we contacted considered theinformation pertaining to their air bladder systems asproprietary and were reluctant to provide strength propertiesand material characteristics at this time. However, it is ouropinion that presently available air bladder technology couldbe easily modified for use as proposed in this conceptconsidering the similarity of operating air pressures.

Additional design and research efforts on the air bladder willfocus on how best to encapsulate this bladder within a chamberinternal to the connector to assure the integrity of thebladder.

With this concept, the air bladder can be physically locatedrelatively close to the outer circumference of the connector,since all the holding capability is directed outward towardthe wall of the receptor. The closer the bladder can belocated toward the outer surface of the connector, the lesseramount of connector material which will have to be distortedto obtain the desired holding force.

Further analysis will be required to determine exactly howmuch deformation of the connector can be expected at theproposed air pressure. Modifications to the design may benecessary based on the outcome of this analysis.

- Receptors. Structural design analysis will be required todevelop a receptor and surrounding structure with sufficientstrength to withstand the anticipated loads. Structuraldesign of the receptor will be dependent upon final systemrequirements. Considering the cylindrical shape of the thisconnector, the receptor would be made from pipe with suitablestructural support between it and the surrounding structure ofthe barge.

If it is decided to provide the capability of removing andreplacing a connector while the facility is still coupledtogether than the receptors will have to be built in twopieces where the top half can be unbolted and removed toprovide access to the connector.

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 5

Further analysis will also be required to determine the besttype of material from which to construct the receptors, thesize and shape of the recessed areas or pattern to beincorporated into the inner surfaces of the receptors, and thedesign of the entrance openings.

- Compressed air system. Compressed air requirements for thisconcept will include a standard diesel driven air compressorwith an air receiver and a fuel oil system. A dedicated airsystem could be installed on each barge module or if themodule is already equipped with air capability then the airresources could be shared, reducing the need for additionalequipment and the maintenance associated with it.

As presently conceived, each bladder when inflated wouldrequire approximately 3.5 cu ft of air at the proposed minimum156 psi air pressure. Air would enter the bladder via a non-return check valve and would be released via a separateconnection.

The design of the bladder is such that there is no need for acontinuous flow of air, once inflated the compressor wouldshut down. The air receiver would make up for any leakagewhich did occur. tlaintenance on this compressed air systemwould be the same as for any diesel driven compressed airsystem.

ADVANTAGES:


- Strength/Flexibility of material. The strength of theconnector material will allow it to withstand the extremeforces and loads anticipated; yet is flexible enough to allowfor relative motion between barge modules, more so than arigid connector.

- Holding capability. Utilizing the proposed minimum airpressure of 156 psi in the air bladders of these connectors,each connector is capable of resisting a lineal pull of560,000 lbs. The air pressure to the air bladders couldeasily be increased resulting in a correspondingly higherholding capability.

- Redundancy. It is proposed to utilize eight cylindricalconnectors along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected. As calculated, four of the connectors along theface or end of a barge module could fail and the remainingfour would still be able to withstand the total anticipatedloads.

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 6

- Ease of installation. It is envisioned that the actualconnection of individual barge modules would take place on theleeward side of the heavy lift vessel which transports themodules to the site where the facility will be deployed.Working on the leeward side of the vessel would afford adegree of protection as well as assist in aligning the initialbarge modules together.

All connectors along the end or sides of one of the bargemodules are inserted into individual receptors. This willrequire the use of a small mobile crane or similar device andseveral men to assist in handling each receptor. Air supplylines are connected to each bladder, the air bladders arecharged, and these connectors are held in place.

Once the connectors along one face of a barge are in place, asecond barge is floated into position and the connectors areslipped into mating receptors. This mating process willprobably also require the use of small mobile cranes and manpower to assure proper alignment. Air lines are connected tothe air bladders along the side of the second barge, these airbladders are charged, and the installation is complete. Thereis no need for heavy equipment, chains, mooring lines, orcomplicated devices to make the connections.

To break the connection, simply dump or relieve the airpressure to the appropriate connectors and pull the bargemodules apart.

The most difficult part of assembling this facility will bethe alignment of adjacent barge modules. As presented, thisconcept requires that connectors be inserted into one bargemodule before the adjacent module is floated into position.Since this concept proposes the use of eight connectors, theinsertion process will require precise alignment andcoordination to made the actual connection.

- Functions as a bumper. The use of a rubber type material Zorthe connectors eliminates the need for any oths.: type offendering or bumper material between barges. The givarv-: thedepth of the inverted 'T' shape of each connector t•vt moreprotection is provided between adjacent barge modules.

In addition to functioning as a fender once the baile modulesare connected, these connectors will also function -s a fenderto minimize contact between barge modules during the time thatthe facility is being assembled.

- Functions as a roadway. The size, shape, and qtrength of theconnector material considered will allow mobile equipment totransit from one barge to another; withouZ the need of

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 7

installing, securing, or maintaining any additional bridgingor roadway systems.

- Minimal maintenanoe requirements. Once in place, theconnectors will require minimal maintenance. Periodicservicing of the primary air system machinery will benecessary, however, it will be minimal since the air bladderswill not require a constant supply of air.

DISADVANTAGES!


- Failure due to shear. If the connector fails due to shearthis will most probably occur at the point just inboard ofwhere the connector enters the receptor, in way of theoutboard end of the air bladder/chamber. It is at this pointwhere the depth of the connector is the smallest and isconsidered to be a critical dimension.

Further design and analysis will be necessary to determine theprecise thickness across this location and to determine if thematerial needs to be reinforced, especially in the areaindicated above, to increase its ability to resist theanticipated shearing loads. During this analysis it will alsobe determined exactly how far inboard from the outer surfaceof the connector that the air bladder can be located.

- Failure of a connector or air bladder. If a connector or anair bladder, as presented in this concept, were to fail, thefailed connector could not be replaced without separating ordisconnecting part of the DWF, due to the manner of initialconnector installation.

The ultimate selection on the number of connectors to be usedto connect the DWF together will include a consideration ofthe desired factor of safety and redundancy. As presented,there is redundancy built into the system, such that thefailure of any one or several of these connectors will notadversely impact the ability of the remaining connectors tomaintain the integrity of the facility.

If the redundancy of several connectors is consideredinsufficient to meet design characteristics for the facility,the receptors could be modified to allow for connectorreplacement without separating adjacent barge modules. Boltedcover plates could replace the deck plates above each receptorand the receptors could be split into two halves boltedtogether around their perimet3r. These cover plates and thereceptors would normally remain bolted together at all times

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 8

and the connectors would still be inserted as discussedearlier. These bolted covers would only be used in anemergency and when an individual connector had to be replacedafter the facility was assembled.



- The rectangular portion of the connector which acts as afender or bumper can be sized to allow for better distributionof loads across the mating surfaces of the adjacent bargemodules and to provide additional fendering.

- Multiple air bladders/chambers within the sides of eachconnector would provide additional redundancy for eachconnector. The failure of a single bladder per connectorsystem would render that connector useless. A multiplebladder system could be designed so that failure of a singlebladder in a connector would result in a correspondingincrease in air pressure to the remaining bladders of thatconnector. Thus maintaining the overall holding capability ofthat connector.

- This concept currently includes the use of a separate airbladder, located within a chamber incorporated into eachconnector. Additional analysis will be necessary to determineif a separate air bladder is essential. It may be possible toachieve the desired results by simply charging the chamberwith air, eliminating the need for a separate bladder and theproblems associated with encapsulating it within theconnector.

- The incorporation of a built up pattern, similar to the a'diamond thread pattern' found on deck plates, into theinterior surfaces of the receptor would provide a multitude ofadditional surfaces around which the connector material couldconform after it is inflated, further increasing its holdingcapability.

CONCEPT NO. 2Page 9

4L.

0c

ccK

mo0

vpU

wz

0I--

00

00

Ix0 00

tmm

DEPLOYABLE WATERFRONT FACILITY (DWF)

CONCEPT NO. 3: FLAT FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR WIT MECHANICAL CLOSURE

DISCUSSION:

This concept consists of a series of flat flexible connectorswhich are held in place with a mechanical mechanism, as illustratedin the Drawing No. III-1 and No. 111-2.

"These connectors are constructed of a flexible compositematerial based on a commercially available product having thematerial specifications and properties as detailed in Appendix A -Table 1.

Structurally reinforced receptors are built into the ends andsides of each barge. The top of each receptor, which ic part ofthe main deck, is hinged and acts as a closure plate for thatreceptor. Then the DWF is to be assembled, the closure platesalong the ends of the barges to be connected are raised, using thedouble acting air cylinders and connecting rods, attached to theoutboard .ends of each closure plate. Flexible inverted 'T' shapedconnectors are positioned into individual receptors. The closureplate is closed, the connector material is compressed, and theconnector is held in place within its receptor.

To assist in holding the connectors in place, the upper andlower surfaces of each connector where they fit into the receptorsincorporate a shape or 'saw tooth' type pattern. This shape orpattern will extending transversely across the surface of theconnectors, relative to the axis of the barge. The correspondingsurfaces of the receptors will be constructed with a similar butreversed shape, so when the receptor closure plates are secured,these areas will lock together to assist in holding them in place.

The outboard ends of the receptors are radiused to avoid sharp

edges which would tend to cut into the connector material.

The cross sectional inverted 'T' shape of each connector actsas a bumper and a spacer between adjacent barges to avoid contactduring varying sea and load conditions. The lower end of theinverted 'T' will extend up to and be level with the main deck ofthe barges to provide a roadway/bridge between adjacent bargemodules.

To disassemble the DWF, the closure plates along the side ofthe facility to be disconnected, are raised and the barge modules

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 1

are pulled apart. Either the connectors are left in place in oneor other receptors or they are removed and stowed on deck.

CONNECTOR 0IZE AND SHAPES

For this concept a rectangular shaped connector was evaluated.The rectangular shape of the type illustrated in Drawing No. III-1and No. 111-2, was considered to provide the maximum amount ofconnector material between adjacent barge modules while maintainingthe fewest number of individual components. The fewer the numberof connectors which have to be installed equates to less manpower,equipment and time requirements to assemble the DWF.

Based on preliminary calculations, the overall size of eachconnector-is approximately 14 feet long x 14 feet wide x 6 feetdeep. The sides, which are inserted into the receptors, areapproximately 14 inches deep. Each connector has an -stimatedweight of approximately 11 long tons.

To provide an adequate factor of safety and a degree ofredundancy, it is recommended that four of these style connectorsbe installed along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected.

CONNECTOR STRENGTH CAPABILITIES:


Breaking strength: 4,700,000 lbs. per connector *


Strength of each connector provided the closure platesand locking mechanism can be designed to adequatelyresist the forces imparted to the connector. Additionalstudy will be necessary to further analysis this aspectof this concept.

Breaking strength is based on the following:Min. tensile strengthof connector material: 2,000 lbs./sq. in.

Connector dimensions: 14' long x 14' wide x 6' deep(14" deep along each side)

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 2

* This does not take into consideration the increaseholding capability due to the depressions built into thetop and bottom surfaces of each connector.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety from tension of 2.1 for each connector and a Factor ofsafety of 8.4 utilizing a four (4) connector system.

shearing Strength: 2,115,000 lbs per connector



maximum elongationCross sectional area

of connector: 14' wide x 14" deep"- 2,352 sq.in.

Considering an anticipated maximum total load of 1,000 longtons (2,240,000 lbs.), this concept results in a Factor ofSafety based on shear of 3.8 utilizing a four (4) connectorsystem.

TECHNOLOGIEBS:


- Design characteristics. A detailed computer analysis of theanticipated loads on the facility will be necessary to fullyidentify the forces to which the components of this conceptwill be subjected. Once these forces are known then actualdesign characteristics and sizing requirements of theindividual components can be developed.


Part of the development of actual design characteristics forthe connectors will include an examination into materialmodification or adaptation. To increase the strength of the

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 3

connectors it may be necessary to incorporate additionalstrength members into the material. This may include theintroduction of steel belts, similar to those found in radialtires, which will add strength yet still permit the connectorsthe flexibility required. It may also include theintroduction of heavy structural strength members to minimizesagging during installation. These consideration will requiredirect input by a manufacturer, ie. Goodyear Tire and RubberCompany, to study the feasibility of this type ofmodifications and the problems which may be associated withit.

Additional consideration will be necessary whether to includea 'saw tooth' type pattern into the connector with a reverseshaped pattern on the surfaces of the receptor or to form theconnector into a wedge. Either case will increase the holdingcapability of the assembled unit.

- Receptors. Structural design analysis will be required todevelop a receptor, closure plate, and surrounding structurewith sufficient strength to withstand the anticipated loads.Structural design of the receptor will be dependent upon finalsystem requirements.

Further analysis will also be required to determine the besttype of material from which to construct the receptors, thesize and shape of the pattern to incorporated into theconnectors and the upper and lower surfaces of the receptors.

ADVANTAGEG3


- strength/Flexibility of material. The strength of theconnector material will allow it to withstand the extremeforces and loads anticipated; yet is flexible enough to allowfor relative motion between barges, more so than a rigidconnector.

- Redundanoy. It is proposed to utilize four rectangularconnectors along each side and end of the barge modules to beconnected. As calculated, if one of the connectors along theface or end of a barge module were to fail, the remainingthree would still be able to withstand the total anticipatedloads.

- Ease of installation. It is envisioned that the actualconnection of individual barge modules would take place on theleeward side of the heavy lift vessel which transports themodules to the site where the facility will be deployed.

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 4

Working on the leeward side of the vessel would afford adegree of protection as well as assist in aligning the initialbarge moduleu together.

Receptor closure plates are raised along the end of one bargemodule and a connector is positioned into each receptor usinga small mobile crane or similar device and several men toassist in handling each receptor. After the connector isinstalled, the closure plate is lowered and secured, and theconnector is locked in place. Once the connectors along oneend of a barge module are in place, the closure plates on asecond barge module are raised, the module is floated intoposition, the connectors are slipped into mating receptors,the closure plates are lowered and secured. There is no needfor heavy equipment, chains, mooring lines, or complicateddevices to make the connections.

The task of connecting the facility together utilizing thisconcept is somewhat simplified since the opening of theclosure plates provides ample room for aligning and adjustingthe connectors during the mating process.

To break the connection, simply raise the closure plates tothe appropriate connectors and pull the barge modules apart.

- Functions as a bumper. The use of a rubber type material forthe connectors eliminates the need for any other type offendering or bumper material between barges. The greater thedepth of the inverted 'T' shape of each connector the moreprotection is provided between adjacent barge modules.

In addition to functioning as a fender once the barge modulesare connected, these connectors will also function as a fenderto minimize contact between barge modules during the time thatthe facility is being assembled.

- Functions as a roadway. The size, shape, and strength of theconnector material considered will allow mobile equipment totransit from one barge to another; without the need ofinstalling, securing, or maintaining any additional bridgingor roadway systems.

- Minimal connector maintenance. Once in place, the connectorsthemselves will require minimal maintenance.

- •onnector change out. Since the receptors in the concept areequipped with hinged closure plates, it permits the removaland replacement of individual connectors without disrupting orseparating the DWF.

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 5

DISADVANTAGES:


- Closure Plate Maintenanoe. This concept will require thatperiodic maintenance be performed on the various components ofthe closure plate device. Prior to the insertion of aconnector the closure plates will have to be operated to provethey are functioning properly. Closure plate air cylindersand hinge pins will require periodic inspection andlubrication. The compressed air system will also requireperiodic servicing.



- Consider the use of a cruciform shape versus an inverted 'T'shape for the connectors. This would allow for betterdistribution of loads across the mating surfaces of theadjacent barges and to provide additional tendering betweenbarges.

CONCEPT NO. 3Page 6

-. ..- - --.. ...--

3L0I

dhD

ri m4

0'

z z~

00

a..2U.-

05- '-'

WIc

a. Ia

APPENDIX A MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND PROPERTIES

Manufacturer: GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY

PRODUCT NAME

PROPERTY TEST METHOD VERSIGARD (EPDM) PUOFLEX CSU)

Min. Tensle Strength AS'7M D-412 2000 PSI 2000 PSI

Min. Elongation ASTM 0-412 300% 300%

Hardness Shore A Durometer ASTM D-412 70 * 5 70 * 5

Modulus @ 300% Elongation ASTM D-412 900 PSI MPin 900 PSI Min

Heat Resistance ASTM 0.573Max Change Hardness 10 Pit 10 PtsMax Charge in Tensile .25% .25%Max Chne In Uktinate -26% -26%Elongation

Compression Set ASTM 0-395 25% Max 25% MaxMethod 8

Ozone Resistance ASTM 0-1171 No Cracks No Ceacke

Water Resistance ASTM 0-471 10% Max Swll 10% Max Swell

Low Temperature Bi-ttleness ASTM 0-2137Non-brittle ofter 3 mnm Passes@ -40-F PassesNon-brittle alter 3 min0 -679F

Load ODflectlon ASTM 0-67520% Deflection 300 * 70 PSI 300 * 70 PSI

Tear Resistance ASTM 0D624 200 PPI Min 200 PPI Min

TABLE 1

APPENDIX B MODULAR CONNECTOR TEST PROCEDURES

Proving the feasibility of any of the concepts presented inthis report will require the following steps:

1. Prepare full design characteristics and capabilities for theconnectors, receptors and associated components.

2. Solicit the services of a manufacturer with the capabilitiesof manufacturing a connector from a material similar to thatas specified In this report, ie. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.This contractor will provide input on its design andconstruction

3. Prepare detailed design drawings.

4. Establish baseline test procedures to simulate actual workingconditions to be expected on a 'deployed waterfront facility'.

5a. Develop a computer progra- .hich can simulate actual workingconditions; or

5b. Build a scale model or full size prototype connector withmating receptors.

6. Test either the computer simulated connector or actualconnector under the following situations:

a. Compressive loads to examine if this has the effect ofloosening the connector within its receptor.

b. Tensile loads to determine at what point the connectorwill begin to fail.

c. Shearing or torsional loads.

d. Apply different air pressures to the air bladder andapply a load to the connectors to see under whatconditions and at what pressures slippage will occur.

e. Apply a combination of the above loads.

f. Finally, test the connector to destruction.

APPENDIX C MODULAR CONNECTOR COMPUTATIONS

Total maximum loads (FN) anticipated on barge modules with aflexible connector system:

(FN) - 1,000 long tons (2,240,000 pounds)

1. Rectanaular Connectors

Connector dimensions (overall):14' long x 14' wide x 6' deep (14" deep along each side)

Cross sectional area: (Am) 14' wide x 14" deep = 2,352 sq in

Connector material:Minimum tensile strength: (Ts) - 2,000 psiShearing strength: (Ss) = 900 psi @ max. elongationCoefficient of friction: (Cf) - 0.6 (Assumed)

a. Strength per connector in tension: (FT)

FT = T. x Acs- 2,000 psi x 2,352 sq in

FT= 4,700,000 lbs per connector

Assuming four (4) connectors across end of barge

Total tensile strength: (TFT)= 4,700,000 lbs/connector x 4 connectors = 18,800,000 lbs

(8,400 long tons)

Factor of Safety

Total Tensile Streugth - T = 8.400 long tonsMaximum Load FUL 1,000 long tons

Factor of Safety = 8.4:1

APPENDIX CPage 1

b. Holding capability of pneumatic air bladder system

Air bladder size: 10' long x 4' wideArea of air bladder: (AB) - 5,760 sq inAir pressure: (P)Coefficient of friction: (Ce) - 0.6 (Assumed)

Holding force per connector: (Fm)

Cf - E where F - friction force - Total max load (Fm) &

N N = total pressure on surfaces of connector=P x A x 2 surfaces

C, =---LA

P x AB x 2

P - F.Cr x A. x 2

- 2,240.000 lbs0.6 x 5760 sq in x 2

P 324 psi

Weight of rubber added to holding capability of connector:

Rubber weighs: 68 lbs/cu ft

Volume of rubber material above and below bladder:10' long x 4' wide x 7" deep = 23.3 cu ft

Weight of rubber:23.3 cu ft x 68 lbs/cu ft - 1,585 lbs

or 0.28 lbs/sq in

Based on Cf - 0.6, the additional friction force to

overcome due to the weight of the rubber is equal to

0.168 lbs/sq in. (This amount is considered negligible.)

APPENDIX cPage 2

The above air pressure of 324 psi is the minimum amountof air pressure required in one air bladder for that oneconnector to withstand the entire maximum load of 1,000long tons assumed acting on the barge modules. If it isassumed that the maximum loads will be distributed overat least two of the proposed four connectors at any onetime the above air pressure could be reduced by one half.

Bladder air pressure required

P = 324 psi x ½ 162 psi

Holding capability of each connector based on an bladder airpressure of 162 psi, would be:

FHc = x x AB x Cf

= 162 psi x 5,760 sq in x 0.6

= 560,000 lbs x 2 surfaces per connectorFsc = 1,120,000 lbs per connector

Utilizing four (4) connectors

Total holding capability (TFHc)TF~c 1,120,000 lbs per connector x 4 connectors

TFuc = 4,480,000 lbs (2,000 long tons) *

* This does not take into consideration the increasedholding capability due to the recessed areas built intothe top and bottom surfaces of the receptors or anypattern or shape incorporated into these surfaces.

Factor of Safety

Total Holding Capability = T~c= 2-000 long tons

Maximum Load FL 1,000 long tons

Factor of Safety 2.0:1

APPENDIX CPage 3

c. Shearing strength per connector (F.)

Shearing strength of material:(Ss) - 900 psi @ max elongation

Fs= S. x Ac= 900 psi x 2,352 sq in

Fs = 2,115,000 lbm per oonneotor

Utilizing four (4) connectorsTotal shearing strength (TFs)

TFs = 2,115,000 lbs x 4 connectors

TFs = 8,460,000 lbs (3,777 long tons)

Factor of Safety

Total Shearing Strength = w 3.777 long tonsMaximum Load F, 1,000 long tons

Factor of Safety - 3.8:1

APPENDIX CPage 4

2. Cylindrical Connectors

Connector dimensions of cylindrical sections: (overall)20' long x 4' diameter

Cross sectional area: (A.) =

4Based on 4' diameter (A,) - 1,800 sq in

Connector material:Minimum tensile strength: (Ts) = 2,000 psiShearing strength: (S.) = 900 psi @ max. elongation

a. Strength per connector in tension: (FT)FT . T3 x A,

=2,000 psi x 1,800 sq in

FT = 3,600,000 lbs per connector

At least five connectors would be necessary to match thetensile strength of the rectangular connectors. However, dueto the reduced surface area of the cylindrical receptor,relative to the holding capability discussed in the nextsection, eight of these connectors are being proposed.

Total tensile strength: (TFT)3,600,000 lbs/connector z 8 connectors = 28,800,000 lbs

(12,857 long tons)

Factor of Safety

Total Tensile Strength - TT - 12.857 long tonsMaximum Load FL 1,000 long tons


APPENDIX CPage 5

b. Holding capability of pneumatic air bladder systemAir bladder size: 8' long x 40" diameterArea of air bladder: (AB) - 12,000 sq inAir pressure: (P)Coefficient of friction: (C1) - 0.6 (Assumed)

Holding force per connector: (Fc)

Cf " E where F - friction force - Total max load (F•) &N N = total pressure on surfaces of connector

P x A.

Cf =

P x AB

P F-LIa-

C1 x An

= 2.2240.000 lbs0.6 x 12,000 sq in

P = 311 psi

The above air pressure of 311 psi is the minimum amountof air pressure required in one air bladder for that oneconnector to withstand the entire maximum load of 1,000long tons assumed acting on the barge modules. If it isassumed that the maximum loads will be distributed overat least two of the proposed eight connectors at any onetime the above air pressure could be reduced by one half.

Bladder air pressure required

P - 311 psi x s - 156 psi

Holding capability of each two connectors based on an bladderair pressure of 156 psi, would be:

FHc - P x AD x Cf156 psi x 12,000 sq in x 0.6

FOc = 1,120,000 lbs per two connectors

APPENDIX CPage 6

Utilizing eight (8) connectors

Total holding capability (TF.¢)TFHc = 1,120,000 lbs per two connectors x 8 connectors

TF'c = 4i480,000 lbs (2,000 long tons) *

* This does not take into consideration the increasedholding capability due to the recessed areas built intothe top and bottom surfaces of the receptors or anypattern or shape incorporated into these surfaces.

Factor of Safety

Total Holding Capabilitv = c= 2.000 lona tonsMaximum Load FM 1,000 long tons

Factor of Safety = 2.0:1

APPENDIX CPage 7

c. Shearing strength per connector: (Fs)

Shearing strength of material:(St) - 900 psi @ max elongation

Fs= S.xA- 900 psi x 1,800 sq in

Ps = 1,620,000 lbs per connector

Utilizing eight (8) connectors

Total shearing strength (TFs)

TFs = 1,620,000 lbs x 8 connectors

TF8 = 12,960,000 lbs (S,786 long tons)

Factor of Safety

Total Shearing Strength - - 5,786 lona tons

Maximum Load FL 1,000 long tons


APPENDIX cPage 8

DISTIBUTION r.T.S'

ARMY / HQDA (DAEN-ZCH), WASHINGTON, DCCNA / TECH LID, ALEXANDRIA, VACNO / DCNO, LOGS, OP-0424C, WASHINGTON. Df:COMNAVBEACHGRU ONE / CO, SAN DIEGO, CACOMNAVBEACHGRU TWO / CO, NORFOLK, VANAVFACENGCOM / CO, ALEXANDRIA, VANAVFACENGCOM / CODE 03T, ALEXANDRIA, VANAVFACENGCOM / CODE 04A3C, ALEXANDRIA, VANAVFACENGCOM / CODE 06, ALEXANDRIA, VANSWC / CODE 1235, BETHESDA, MDONT / CODE 226, ARLINGTON, VA

DISTRIBUTION QUESTONNAIRE

The Nava Civil Engineerling LbouatWu Is revisig Its primay dl~ubtbuon liaW

SUBJECT CATEGORIS

i SMONKE FACILIIE 30 Alliernae uiw mum (gest~hermal power. photovoltaicI A corslructiofi methods and materilsk (Including corrosion powe system s, 301 systems, wind systems, energy

conbu coallinp) dora sydemn)18 Waterfroflt strucures (mltnnedtrorkMtlon control) 3E Sit* dMa= syslems integration (energy resource data,IC UtJtl (inclding power conditioning) . 1 0 oftng enery systems)10 Exploskves safety 3F BACS design1 E Aviatiof Engnerin Teot Fisciles 4 W-IVRN I P. ROTECTONI F Fire prvierilon end mntrol 4A Solid wom muuegemoutI G Antenna technology 40 aa lu5~ q@Mrb mngement1 M Struotwu analysis and design (Inclding numerical and 4C Wateift nulugemnt and sanktmy engineering

computer techinques) 40 06 pobion rmov and o recovery11i Protective coealudlon (Incluing hardened shollers, shock 4E Air Fpo"Alom

and vbati StUdie) 4F Nois b. iwnst1K Sollfook meclunlo 5 OCEAN Min2iini@

*IL AWfild and pavemnents SA Se.alom esof aid tounaloftsI M hyskcal "Dirty 58 Seador oonaluclon sysems and operations (including2 ADVANCED B1aE AND AMPHIBIOUS FACILTIES ~~e Mid niui~dr tools)2A Bass faceat (Including shokws, power generation, water 50 Underse WuDina and materials

saJPPNO) S0 Anchors ad nmoorAg25 Expedient r -h/Uakrflo1dsdbrage SE Undersea paowe systems, electromechanical cables, and2C Over-the~beec operationn (including bresakwaters, way* MCI- -01

loran) 5 Pressure vessel facllies2D POL storae, tnansfer, and distrbution 5G Physical environmenl (ikNcldn site surveying)2E PoiW enginse"n 514 0ceami-ý concrete structures3 ENERGY/POWER GOMEATION Si Hyperlo dnbersl3A Thermal conservation (thermal engineenng of buildings, SK Undersea cable dynamics

I4VAC sysems, energy loss measurement, power ARMY FEAIPgeneration) BOG Share Fadkits

38 Controls and electrica conservation (electrical systems, NRG Energyenergy nmontorn and control systems) ENV EnkonmeMNia~dtural Response's

3C Fuel flexibility (liquid fuels, cal utilsation, energy from solid MGT Mau1sngementwaste) PRA PavwmentIllalboods

TYPES OF DOCUIJUNTS

D -Techitaa Shoees; R - Techinical Reports and Technical Notes: (I - NCS. Guides and Abstracts; I - Index to MS6; U - UserGuides; 03 Nome- rvmove my name

Old Address: Now Address:

Telephone No.: Telephone No.:

INSTRUCTIONS

The NavalCivil EngtmtVern Laboralo'y has revised Its prkimary cistrbIc kis. To help us verifyour rocords anid update our data bme plesse do the lolowkv

*Add -d~rd mbuTon 19

"* Remove my rnae mn alyour No- ~cbox on t.

"* Changemy edrm - ke ia kiwe kweand writs i corretoW(DO NOT REMOVE LABEL).

"* Number of oopies #foAi be enwtered after the tide of the subject c saegodinsyou see

"* Are we awencg you the conrc type of docmert? tf nrl, rIe the type(s) ofdocumenvt(s) you want to receive Isted on the beick o f th card.

FoW an kwe, stepl, and drop in mW.

DEPARMhB4T Of THlE NAVY

NwW QW Enwmwv0 Ubr

Pengly for Pivato Ute. S=0 F MAUOI

POSTAGE WILL, BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

COMMANDING OFFICERCODE L34560 LABORATORY DRIVENAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORYPORT HUENEME CA 93043-4328

NCEL DOCUMENT EVALUATIONYou are numberone wthf us; how do we rote wft you?

We at NCEL want to provide you our customer the best posable reports but we neood your help. Therefore, I ask youto please take the time from your busy schedu~le to fl out this qutestionnaire. Your response wil assist us In providingthe best reports possbe for our usrs. I wish to thank you In advance for your assbstance. I assure you that theinformation you provide wID help us to be more responsive to your future needs.

L. N. STORER. Ph.D. PE.Technical Director

DOCUMENT NO. _ ___TITLE OF DOCUM04T: _______________

Date: _____Respondent Organization:____________________

Nam:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Activity Cd:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Phone: _______________ OudeRsnk _ ___________

Category (pleas chuck):

Sponsor - User .0roponent - Other (SpeciA~)

Please answer on your behalf only; not on your organization's. Please check (usa an X) only the block that most closelydescribes your attitude or feeling toward that statement

SA Strougly Agree A Agree 0 Neutral D Disagree SD Strongly Disagree

SA A ND SD SA A ND SD

1. Tbe technical quality of the report () )())() 6. Tbe conclusions and recommzendas- ( ( )(is comparable to most of my other tions are clear and directly sup-sources of technical information, ported by the contents of the

reporL2. The reportwll make sig~nlcant ( () () 0) 0()

improveenzts in the cost and or 7. The graphics. tables, and photo- )( ( )(performance of my operation, graphs are well done.

3. The report acknowledges misted ( )( )(work accomplished by others. Do you wish to continue gettingI

4. The reportis wellformatted. INClL reports? YES NOj

Please add any comments (e.g.. in what ways can we5. The report is clearly written. ())()) improve the quality of our reports?) on the back of ibis

form.

Comments;

Fold on line, stae, and d"p in nuM

NpavaTl OF EiTomw LaVy

Penalty kor Private Use, S300 P MAN"DBUSINESS REPLY CARDI 'MM"n•Ar"FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 12503 WASH D.C.I n

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEEI

COMMANDING OFFICERCODE L03560 LABORATORY DRIVENAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORYPORT HUENEME CA 93043-4328

OIPARTUENT OF THlE MAW 11COMUD" OFMM111111

Pon&"t fwt Petvat* Us. S. 3

IDAT: E

1!43 1

N C LL An Investigation Conducted American Management Inc.

Documents

Transcript of N C LL An Investigation Conducted American Management Inc.