Mysterious Molds, Mildews, Yeasts, and Mushrooms€¦ · Mushroom Structure Cap/pileus Gills:...
Transcript of Mysterious Molds, Mildews, Yeasts, and Mushrooms€¦ · Mushroom Structure Cap/pileus Gills:...
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The Kingdom Fungi
Mysterious Molds,
Mildews, Yeasts, and Mushrooms
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Fungi Characteristics
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Have cell walls made of chitin (tough carb)
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Fungal Structure
Hyphae: Thread-like filaments
Mycelium: A mat of many hyphae
Spores: Reproductive cells of fungi
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Mushroom Structure
Cap/pileus
Gills: Spores are produced and dropped from the gills
Stipe/stalk: Stem, formed from mycelium (many hyphae filaments)
Ring (annulus)
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Fungi are Heterotrophs
Fungi must consume food
Fungi are NOT plants
Plants make their own food from light energy (producers)
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Fungi Nutrition
Fungi absorb food from their environment
Large organic molecules (like carbohydrates) are broken down by enzymes
The small, broken down molecules diffuse in
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Many fungi are decomposers
Also called saprophytes
Decomposers break down, or decompose, the bodies of organisms
Nutrients are returned to the soil by decomposers
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Saprophytes or Parasites?
Can be both!
Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from a living host
Ex. Athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections
Saprophytic fungi absorb nutrients from a dead host (decomposers)
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Reproduction in FungiCan be sexual or asexual
Asexual: Budding or spores
Sexual: hyphae fuse and form spores
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Yeast Reproduce by Budding
Budding: Part of the cell pinches off to form a new one (yeast)
Fragmentation: Part of the hyphea breaks off, forms new organism
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Environmental Importance
Nutrient Recyclers
Partner with other organisms in symbiotic relationships
Both partners benefit- mutualism
Lichens: fungi & algae
Mycorrhizae: plant & fungi
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Beneficial Uses
Foods
Mushrooms, some cheeses, yeast used in baking, brewing, wine-making
Medical
Antibiotic penicillin
Yeast used in ethanol production
Alcoholic fermentation!!
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Classification (based on reproduction)
Phylum Zygomycota- Spores in spheres on filament
Ex. bread mold
Phylum Ascomycota- Spores in saclike structure (ascus)
Ex. yeast, morels, penicillium
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Classification Continued
Basidiomycota- Spores in a clublike structure
Ex. mushrooms
Deuteromycota- Asexual reproduction only
Fungi imperfecta
Ex. Athlete’s foot
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Morel
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Gyromitra- False Morel
Not safe to eat
When cooked it produces a volatile toxin called mono methyl hydrazine that is used in rocket fuel! (Not safe to inhale)
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Death Cap
Most poisonous mushroom in North America
Half a cap is enough to kill a human
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Fungal Applications
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcIL2ywmjsQ