Mysids from the Río de la Plata Estuary, with new record of Mysidopsis ...3)_179-187.pdf · Mysids...

Mysids from the Río de la Plata Estuary, with new record ofMysidopsis rionegrensis, Hoffmeyer 1993, and Promysis atlantica

Tattersall, 1923 (Mysida: Mysidae)

GUILLERMO CERVETTO1*, RAFAEL CASTIGLIONI2, LAURA RODRÍGUEZ-GRAÑA3 &DANILO CALLIARI2.3

1 Dirección Nacional de Medio Ambiente. Ministerio de Vivienda, Ordenamiento Territorial y MedioAmbiente, Galicia 1133, CP 11000 Uruguay.2 Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Uruguay. Iguá 4225,CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay.3 Universidad de la República, Grupo Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos – CURE, Uruguay. RutaNacional nº 15 km 28.500, CP 27000, Rocha, Uruguay.

*Corresponding autor: [email protected]

Abstract. We report four species of Mysida collected in open waters of the Río de la PlataEstuary (RPE) during spring and autumn 2001: Neomysis americana, Mysidopsis tortonesei, M.rionegrensis and Promysis atlantica; for the latter two this is the first report for RPE andrepresents an extension in their known distribution ranges.

Keywords: Mysidacea, South-Western Atlantic, distribution

Resumen. Misidáceos del estuario del Río de la Plata, incluyendo el nuevo registro deMysidopsis rionegrensis Hoffmeyer 1993 y Promysis atlantica Tattersall, 1923: Se reportancuatro especies de Mysidacea colectadas en aguas abiertas del estuario del Río de la Plata enotoño y primavera del 2001: Neomysis americana, Mysidopsis tortonesei, M. rionegrensis yPromysis atlantica. Para las dos últimas éste constituye el primer reporte para el Río de la Plata,y representa una extensión en el rango de distribución conocido.

Palabras clave: Mysidacea, Atlantico Sudoccidental, distribución

IntroductionMysids inhabit diverse aquatic habitats but are

particularly abundant in estuaries and marine coastalwaters (Mauchline & Murano 1977, Mauchline1980, Morgan 1982, Wooldridge 1983, Cunha et al.1999). They are core components in trophic webswhich actively consume phytoplankton andzooplankton (Fulton III 1982a, b, Takahashi 2004)and transform organic detritus into biomass forhigher consumers (Zagursky & Feller 1985, Corey1988). In turn mysids are food for several fish andbird species (Moran & Fishelson 1971; McDermott,1983, Wooldridge 1989; Carlson et al. 1997,Takahashi et al. 2004).

The Río de la Plata Estuary (RPE) is alarge-scale, shallow (average ca. 10 m) and turbidestuarine environment (Guerrero et al., 1997). It has

a mean annual fresh water flow of 23000 m3 s-1 thatconstitutes the main point source of fresh waterinput in the South Atlantic Ocean. General studieson the plankton of the RPE are scarce, and inparticular the mysid fauna is poorly known (Murano1999, Calliari et al. 2003, Miyashita & Calliari2014). Neomysis Americana (Smith 1873) andMysodopsis tortonesei (Bacescu 1968) are so far thetwo mysid species known to inhabit this ecosystem(Schiariti et al. 2004, 2006, Calliari et al. 2007). N.americana was the first species reported for thisestuary nearly 40 years back (Gonzalez 1974), andsince then only a handful of studies have focused onthis group (Viñas et al. 2005, Schiariti et al. 2004,2006, Calliari et al. 2007). Improved knowledge ofthe mysid fauna of the RPE is arguable needed inview of the significance of mysids in the diet of

Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2016), 11(3): 179-187

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180 G. CERVETTO ET AL.

small juvenile fish (Sardina & Lopez-Cazorla 2005,Rodríguez-Graña et al. 2008) and of theirimportance in this system which serves as nurseryground for several important fish species (Martínez& Retta 2001, Acha et al. 2008).

This study updates the knowledge of the orderMysida from the RPE with the inclusion of twofurther taxa to the species list, along withenvironmental information associated to theiroccurrence and a description of morphologicalfeatures that can prove useful as a quick diagnosistool for proper identification by aquatic ecologistswithout specific expertise in the taxonomy of thisgroup of crustaceans.

Materials and MethodsTwo cruises were performed on board R/V

Aldebarán from 17th to 19th May, 2001 (cruise 1,austral fall) and from 17th to 19th November, 2001(cruise 2, spring) (Fig. 1). Depth of stations rangedbetween 6 and 36 m. Zooplankton samples werecollected by oblique tows of a Bongo net (19 cmdiameter) fitted with a 85 μm pore-size; length andangle of the cable were manipulated to ensure thenet sampled most of the water column, i.e. from 1-2m above the bottom and upwards. Samples werepreserved in buffered formaldehyde 5% finalconcentration. At the laboratory mysids were pickedout from whole samples and identified based onAlmeida-Prado (1974), González (1974), Mauchline(1980), Hoffmeyer (1993), and Murano (1999).

Specimens were dissected and observed under adissecting microscope (7 – 40X) and at highmagnification with an inverted microscope(40-200X).

Results and DiscusionThe analysis of whole samples corresponding

to both cruises resulted in four mysids speciesidentified (Table I). N. Americana was identified anddescribed again, according to descriptions by Smith(1873) for Mysis americana, and Zimmer (1904),Cronin et al. (1962), Williams (1972), Calliari et al.(2001) and Schiariti et al. (2006) for N. americana.Mysidopsis tortonesei had a new description byBacescu (1968a) for M. californica, and Bacescu(1968b), Brattegard (1969) and Almeida-Prado(1972) for Mysidopsis tortonesei. Mysidopsisrionegrensis was identified according description ofHoffmeyer (1993) and Promyis atlantica followingdescription of Tattersall (1923, 1951), Illig (1930), ,Clarke (1956), Costa (1964) and Almeida Prado(1972).Neomysis americana Smith 1873 (Fig. 2a)Diagnosis: Our observations agreed closely withGonzález (1974). Eyes elongated, ca. 1.5 timeslonger than wider with cornea representing abouthalf of the eye surface. Antennal scale lanceolated,with small setae on both margins and 8-10 timeslonger than wider. Telson triangle-shaped, ca. 2.5times longer than wider at the base and ending in

Figure 1.- Map of the study area showing location of sampling stations. Open circles correspond to hydrographic(CTD) stations; full circles correspond to hydrographic and plankton stations; full triangles correspond to positivestations with presence of mysids.


Mysids from Rio de la Plata estuary 181

Table I.- Species of mysids found in the Rio de la Plata estuary during autumn and spring 2001.

Family Subfamily Genus Species Reference

Mysidae Leptomysinae Mysidopsis tortonesei Bacescu 1968

Mysidopsis rionegrensis Hoffmeyer 1993

Promysis atlantica Tattersall 1923

Mysinae Neomysis americana Smith 1873, fide Zimmer 1909

two strong external spines framing two smallerinternal spines. Lateral margins of telson with onerobust spine (longer and wider at its base) every 1-3smaller spines (pattern most evident in the distal halfof the telson). Uropods with setae on both margins;exopodite of uropodes 1.5 times longer thanendopodite. A conspicuous chromatophore present inthe marsupium of brooding females.

Neomysis americana was the most abundantmysid species recorded in both spring and autumncruises. It occurred in oligo- to polihaline conditionsin the range <1 to 33.37, but was most abundant atsalinities <28, with a clear preference for salinitiesbetween 15 and 20 (Calliari et al. 2007); spatialdistribution of N. americana in the RPE has beenshown to be associated with the bottom salinity front(Schiariti et al. 2006).

N. americana was present in 55% of samplesand 77% of individuals found were juveniles. Sexratio (female:male) was skewed towards females(71%, F:M ratio = 2.4), similarly to findings byViñas et al. (2005) on the Argentinean sector of theestuary (Samborombón Bay), although the fractionof brood-carrying females was higher in our study(77%) compared to the former one (20%). In thepresent study spawners were nearly always presentin samples corresponding to middle and upperestuarine stations.

This species appears to have a disjunctdistribution along the Atlantic coast of the Americas(Miyashita & Calliari 2014): it is found in coastalwaters from Canada (ca. 46º N, Prouse 1986) andthe USA down to ca. 41º N (Brown et al. 2005), 37ºN (Hulburt 1957, Herman 1963), 35º N (Williams1972), and 30º N (Williams et al., 1974). It is absentfrom Mexican, Central America and northern SouthAmerican coastal waters, but found again at lat. ca30ºS (Tramandaí, Brazil). On South Atlantic watersN. americana is a cryptogenic species (sensuOrensanz et al. 2002); it is not known whether it isendemic or if it was introduced from the NorthAtlantic in the late 60’s or early 70’s, as it was firstreported in South America in 1973 at Montevideo

harbour (Gonzalez 1974). N. americana has beenrecently reported as invasive on the Eastern Atlantic,in coastal waters from the Netherlands (Wittmann etal. 2012).

In South America, N. americana is currentlycommon in southern Brazilian, Uruguayan andnorthern Argentinean coasts (Hoffmeyer 1990, Viñaset al. 2005; Calliari et al. 2001; Schiariti et al. 2004,Cervetto et al. 2006, Calliari et al. 2007, Cardelli etal. 2006).Mysidopsis tortonesei Bacescu 1968 (Fig. 2b)Diagnosis: Morphology in accordance withdescription by Almeida-Prado (1974). Globularround eyes with small lateral projection overpeduncular structures. Antennal scale lanceolatedwith setae all along the margin. First five abdominalsegments with conspicuous chromatophores. Telsonalmost twice as long as wide at the base, quicklynarrowing near the base but then narrowing verysmoothly until the distal. At its base, the telsonpresents three spines on each side, then a shortnaked segment of the margin follows, after which anumber of ca. 20 spines are present which increasein length and width from proximal to distalextremes. The distal end of telson is round shapedand with two pairs of strong and long spines.Exopod of uropods with setae along the wholemargin. Endopod of uropod with spines along thewhole margin.

Mysidopsis tortonesei has been found inseveral sites along the Brazilian coast includingParaıba, Sao Paulo, Parana, and Rio Grande do Sul(Miyashita & Calliari 2014 and references therein).For the RPE it was first reported in 2004 (Schiaritiet al. 2004).

In the current sets of samples M. tortoneseiwas most abundant during the autumn cruise when itrepresented 35% of total mysids collected, beingfound in 41% of samples. Juvenile individualsamounted to 55%, sex ratio was 1.5 and 40% ofadult females had broods developed. These resultsmatch observations by Almeida-Prado (1973) duringApril at Cananeia estuary, Brazil, (25º30’ S) in terms



Figure 2.- Drawings of telsons and photographs of whole animals corresponding to the four mysid species collected inthe Rio de la Plata waters during 2001. a.- Neomysis americana, b.- Mysidopsis tortonesei, c.- Mysidopsis rionegrensis,d.- Promysis atlantica.

of juvenile to adult, and sex ratios. The fraction ofbrood-carrying females in samples from the RPEwas comparable to the maximum found byAlmeida-Prado (1973) at Cananeia, also duringautumn. During our study M. tortonesei was foundin stations closer to the outer limit of the estuary andits abundance positively correlated with salinity,

evidencing a preference for salinities > 28 (Calliariet al., 2007), which suggested complementaryspatial distribution in relation to N. americana (i.e.almost non-overlapping). Salinity preferences at theRPE were broadly consistent with previous studiesfrom Brazil and the one available for this sameecosystem (Almeida-Prado 1973, Schiariti et al.,



2004). At the RPE M. tortonesei was found in thesalinity range 16 – 31, while in Cananeia lownumbers occurred at salinity ca. 14 and increasedstrongly at salinity >25.Mysidopsis rionegrensis Hoffmeyer 1993 (Fig. 2c)Diagnosis: Morphology of animals examinedcorresponded closely to description by Hoffmeyer(1993). Large and laterally inclined eyes. Antennalscale lanceolated and slightly rounded, with theinternal margin concave and the external slightlyconvex. Telson widest at its base, streching to ca. 1/3of maximum width near the distal end, but thenslightly widening until the distal end; a pair ofchromatophores are present at the basal region.Margins of telson result concave-shaped and haveshort spines. Distal region of telson rounded andwith robust spines. Exopod of uropod with longsetae on both margins, endopod of uropods withshort setae on both margins and large statocyst.

Previous records of Mysidopsis rionegrensisrestrict its distribution to the location of firstdescription, the San Matías Gulf (Hoffmeyer 1993)and Nuevo Gulf (Menendez et al. 2011), as well asto Buenos Aires Atlantic coastal waters (Schiariti etal., 2004).

In the present set of samples M. rionegrensiswas found during the spring cruise when only threespecimens were collected in the outermost region ofthe RPE. Individuals found corresponded to 1 maleand 2 females.

This species was first described for the SanMatias Gulf (41°S, Argentina) during the springseason (Hoffmeyer 1993). The location of firstdescription suggested this was a primarily marinespecies living under high salinities and moderatelycold waters. More recently M. rionegrensis wasfound during a spring cruise at a location slightlynorth of Golfo de San Matías (El Rincón, ca. 39º S;Schiariti et al. 2004) in a temperature range of 13 to18 ºC and salinities from 33.7 to 33.9.

This is the first report of the occurrence of M.rionegrensis in the RPE, which extends its knowndistribution range nearly 5º latitude northwards.During our study M. rionegrensis occurred attemperatures between 16.8 - 18.2 ºC and salinitiesbetween 23.2 - 29.7. These are similar thermalconditions to those observed by Schiriati et al.(2004); however, in RPE M. rionegrensis occurred atsalinities much lower than previously reported forthis same species, suggesting it has importanttolerance to relatively diluted salinities. The lownumber of specimens collected precludes definitestatements, though. The same holds as regards the

nature of its occurrence in the RPE ecosystem:whether individuals found here were part of apopulation from the outskirts of the RPE, or if theyrepresented individuals occasionally advected from apopulation further south. In the latter case, anotherissue regards the frequency and extension of suchincursions. These are aspects that deserve furtherattention in next studies.Promyis atlantica Tattersall 1923 (Fig. 2d)Diagnosis: Observations of individuals from theRPE closely resembled descriptions byAlmeida-Prado (1974), unless otherwise noted.Conic eyes on a long cylindrical pedunculum, in aposition nearly perpendicular to the mainantero-postero body axis. Lanceolated scale withfine setae along the whole margin. Telson linguiformca. 2.5 times as long as broad and with a cleftwithout spinules or setae nearly one sixth the lengthof the telson; spines present along external marginsof the telson which increase in robustness fromproximal to distal end, finishing with two strongestspines. The number of spines (22-25) correspondedwith that described by Almeida-Prado and divergesfrom Tattersall (1923; fide Almeida-Prado 1974) andClarke (1956), differences already discussed byAlmeida-Prado (1974). A slight difference betweenour observations and Almeida-Prado is that in ourspecimens the series of spines on the margins of thetelson do not start from the base but in the proximalthird of the telson length. Endopod of uropod withlarge statocyst and inner margin armed along itslength with spines of varying size. Exopod ofuropods with setae along its whole length.

The known distribution of this species is alsoof a discontinued type with occurrences on theAtlantic coast of both North America (North andSouth Carolina, ca. 32 -35º N, Clarke 1956, Wigley& Burns 1971, Williams 1972; and Texas, ca. 28ºNPrice 1982) and South America (Rio de Janeiro,Governador Island, Tramandaí, latitudinal range 23 -30º S; Tattersall 1923, Costa 1964, Almeida-Prado1973, 1974, Tavares & Bond-Buckup 1990), andLagoa dos Patos estuary (Gama 2008) .

In the current set of samples Promysisatlantica was found during the autumn cruise, alsoin very low abundances, mostly adult males and onejuvenile. The present study is the first report on P.atlantica in the RPE and represents and extension ofca. 5º latitude to the south of its formerly knownsouthernmost occurrence. At the RPE P. atlanticawas found at a salinity range of 20 – 21 andtemperatures from 14 to 15 ºC, well below thetemperature range reported for this same species in



Brazilian waters (19 – 27ºC, Almeida-Prado 1973).As commented for M. rionegrensis, furtherinformation is necessary in order to establish thetemporary vs. permanent character of P. atlanticaoccurrence in RPE waters.

This work adds two new species to the list ofmysids from the RPE, which also implies anextension of their biogeographical distribution. Oneinteresting aspect to note is the fact that for three outof four currently known mysids inhabiting RPE(Mysidopsis tortonesei, Mysidopsis rionegrensis andPromysis atlantica), this large scale estuaryrepresents (so far) either the southern or the northernlimit of their biogeographical distribution. Thatwould suggest a role of the RPE as an ecologicalbarrier for the distribution of mysid species in SouthAtlantic coastal waters, a pattern alreadydocumented for other littoral or inner shelf taxa(Escofet et al. 1979, Gianuca 1983, Spivak 1997,Boltovskoy et al. 1999).

AcknowledgementsThis work was partly funded by contract PDT

S/C/OP/36/10 form DINACYT, Uruguay. C.Mesones, L. Ortega and A. Martínez (DirecciónNacional de Recursos Acuáticos) providedenvironmental data and access to zooplanktonsamples. Comments by three anonymous reviewerscontributed to improve an early version of this paperand are greatly appreciated.

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Received: May 2016Accepted: August 2016

Published: October 2016


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