Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 12 Motivation.
-
Upload
amberlynn-hudson -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
2
Transcript of Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 12 Motivation.
Motivation
Motivation a need or desire that energizes
and directs behaviorInstinct
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
MotivationDrive-Reduction Theory
the idea that a physiological need creates a tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-reducingbehaviors
(eating, drinking)
Need(e.g., for
food, water)
Drive(hunger, thirst)
Motivation
Homeostasis tendency to maintain a balanced or
constant internal state regulation of any aspect of body
chemistry around a particular levelIncentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs begins at the
base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied
then higher-level safety needs become active
then psychological needs become active
Self-actualization needsNeed to live up to one’s
fullest and unique potential
Esteem needsNeed for self-esteem,
achievement, competence,and independence; need for
recognition and respect from others
Safety needsNeed to feel that the world is organized and
predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable
Belongingness and love needsNeed to love and be loved, to belong
and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation
Physiological needsNeed to satisfy hunger and thirst
Motivation-Hunger
Stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hunger
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time in minutes
Subject swallowsballoon, which
measures stomachcontraction
Subject presseskey each timewhen hungry
Stomach contractions
Hunger pangs
Motivation-Hunger
3 Basic Influences of hunger/eating Biological: hunger pains, appetite,
attraction to foods Physiological: Sight/smell of food,
time of day, mood Social-cultural: Taste preferences,
amount of food
Motivation-Hunger
Glucose the form of sugar that
circulates in the blood provides the major source of
energy for body tissues when its level is low, we feel
hunger
Motivation-Hunger
Set Point the point at which an individual’s
“weight thermostat” is supposedly set when the body falls below this weight,
an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Basal Metabolic Rate body’s base rate of energy expenditure
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa when a normal-weight person diets and
becomes significantly (>15%) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
usually an adolescent femaleBulimia Nervosa
disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise
Eating Disorders- Anorexia and Bulimia
95% of sufferers are female most are between the ages of 18-3030% of persons diagnosed with
anorexia nervosa die prematurely
Women’s Body Images
Thinnest Women’sideal
What womenbelieved men
preferred
What menactually
preferred
Women’scurrent
body image
Fattest
Eating Disorders- Binge-Eating
Excessive eating without enough exercise.
Affects both males and femalesCauses Obesity
Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation desire to perform a behavior for its
own sake or to be effectiveExtrinsic Motivation
desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
Rewards Affect Motivation
Mom: “I’ll give you $5 for every A.’’
Child: “As long as she pays, I’ll study.’’Extrinsic motivation
Mom: “Your grades were great! Let’s celebrate by going out for dinner.’’
Child: “I love doing well.’’Intrinsic motivation
Motivation In the Workplace
Task Leadership goal-oriented leadership that sets
standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Social Leadership group-oriented leadership that
builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support