Myanmar Humanitarian Report Collection 2017

2017 ©

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Myanmar Total people in need: 525,0001 Total children (<18) in need: 262,340 Total people to be reached in 2017: 210,000 Total children to be reached in 2017: 127,000

Myanmar is experiencing three protracted humanitarian crises, each with its own set of complex underlying factors. In Rakhine State, inter-communal violence that erupted in 2012 continues to plague 120,0002 internally displaced people spread across 40 camps or informal sites, as well as host communities. Eighty per cent of the displaced are women and children. In Kachin State, armed conflict that reignited in 2011 continues to impact communities caught in the crossfire between an ethnic armed group and the Myanmar army. Nearly 87,0003 people remain displaced as a result, including 40 per cent who are in areas outside of government control. An additional 11,0004 people remain displaced in northern Shan State, where a similar conflict broke out in 2011. Compounding the protracted crises are issues related to religious and/or ethnic discrimination, exploitation, chronic poverty, vulnerability to natural disasters, statelessness, trafficking and humanitarian access. In addition to the humanitarian crises in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states, Myanmar is impacted by humanitarian situations in other parts of the country, including natural disasters, health emergencies and small-scale displacements.

Humanitarian strategy

In 2017, working with the Government of Myanmar, UNICEF will strive to meet the basic needs of the most vulnerable internally displaced children. Operations will entail working in remote and/or active conflict zones, with higher operating costs than in government-controlled areas. UNICEF will work to strengthen treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and promote appropriate infant and young child feeding practices; expand coverage of health and immunization services; increase access to safe water and sanitation facilities; carry out hygiene promotion activities; mitigate child protection risks by monitoring grave violations, reintegrating child soldiers and providing psychosocial support and mine risk education; and facilitate both formal and non-formal education. UNICEF will provide services in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states and will continue to lead or co-lead the nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and education clusters/sectors and the child protection sub-sector. UNICEF will also respond to small-scale displacements and natural disasters to assist affected populations based on their assessed needs in areas outside the scope of the 2017 Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan.

2017 programme targets Nutrition

12,500 children aged 6 to 59 months affected by SAM admitted for treatment5

20,000 children aged 6 to 59 months receiving multiple micronutrient supplementation

Health

30,000 children aged 9 to 18 months vaccinated against measles

WASH

75,000 people (30,000 children) accessing water for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene; appropriate sanitation facilities; and supported to adopt appropriate hygiene practices

Child protection

127,000 children accessing psychosocial support

850 children accessing appropriate case management services

Education

45,000 children aged 3 to 18 years accessing formal or non-formal basic education

Results from 2016

As of 31 October 2016, UNICEF had received US$12.5 million against the US$25 million appeal (50 per cent funded).6 UNICEF and partners reached more than 249,000 conflict-affected persons in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states, including more than 99,000 children. Measles immunization in Kachin State reached 145 per cent of target coverage, compared with 18 per cent in Rakhine. In Rakhine, polio vaccination campaigns were prioritized due to the outbreak, which diverted government staff from the provision of routine immunization services. The focus on nutrition in Rakhine, with children aged 6 months to 9 years admitted for therapeutic treatment, resulted in 167 per cent coverage. Safe drinking water was supplied to 83 per cent of the 300,000 flood-affected people targeted. In child protection, 101 children were released from the armed forces, bringing the number of children released to 800 since 2012. Sixty per cent of targeted children in Rakhine and 75 per cent in Kachin accessed formal and non-formal learning opportunities with UNICEF support.

Adjusted Planned Results for year x

In 2013, UNICEF will support the Government of Nambut’s response to the humanitarian needs of more than 11 million children and women affected by drought, displacement and water-borne disease. Working with partners, UNICEF will support the scale up life-saving nutrition interventions by expanding the number of health centres offering treatment for severe acute malnutrition and undertaking a large scale distribution of Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Food in drought-affected regions. To address the spread of water-borne diseases, tankering in the north will provide safe drinking water to an estimated 200,000 displaced people and host communities. In anticipation of the 2013 cholera season, NFI kits including soap, household water treatment and dignity kits for girls and women have been prepositioned to benefit an estimated 150,000 households. UNICEF will continue to support government efforts to expand essential services to emergency-affected populations through community-based interventions including nutrition/health centres and child protection networks. As lead of the nutrition and WASH clusters and co-lead of the education cluster and gender-based violence area of responsibility, UNICEF is coordinating with line ministries and over

60 NGOs. (175 words)

Humanitarian Action for Children

Who to contact for further information:

Bertrand Bainvel Representative - Myanmar Tel: +95 1 230 5960 Email [email protected]

Yasmin Haque Deputy Director, Office of Emergency Programmes (EMOPS) Tel: +1 212 326 7150 Email: [email protected]

Olav Kjorven Director, Public Partnership Division (PPD) Tel: +1 212 326 7160 Email: [email protected]

www.unicef.org/appeals/myanmar

1 This total includes 218,000 internally displaced persons. 2 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan 2017’, OCHA. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 This is a subset of the overall number of children with SAM to be treated in 2017; the figure is still being estimated based on Demographic Health Survey data on SAM prevalence. 6 Available funds included funding received against the current appeal of US$8.5 million and US$4 million carried forward from the previous year. 7 This includes US$1.5 million to provide humanitarian assistance in nutrition, WASH, child protection and education outside of the scope of the Humanitarian Response Plan.

Cluster 2016

target Cluster total

results UNICEF

2016 target UNICEF

total resultsi

NUTRITION

Children aged 6 to 59 months with SAM admitted to therapeutic care 11,300 9,472 5,500 8,097ii

Children aged 60 to 108 months with SAM admitted to therapeutic care

4,700 3,977 1,500 3,534ii

Children aged 6 to 59 months receiving micronutrient supplementation 62,612 26,744 22,500 26,714ii

Pregnant and lactating women accessing infant and young child feeding counselling

16,983 15,046 7,000 11,635ii

HEALTH

Conflict-affected children aged 9 to 18 months who received measles immunization

33,650 7,853ii

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENEiii

People who gained equitable access to sufficient and sustainable quantity of safe drinking and domestic water

431,146 265,255 60,000 64,154

People who gained equitable access to safe and sustainable sanitation facilities

431,146 351,798 60,000 53,573

People who have basic knowledge of diarrhoeal disease transmission and prevention

60,000 53,455

CHILD PROTECTION

Children who were covered by child protection case management services

120,000 19,065ii

EDUCATION

Emergency-affected children accessing primary or pre-primary learning opportunities

51,087 43,513 41,000 28,882

Adolescents accessing middle school or non-formal post-primary learning opportunities

30,359 6,703 8,100 3,593

Results are through 31 October 2016 unless noted. (i) Targets/results previously reported with a breakdown for Kachin, Rakhine and northern Shan states have now been consolidated and are presented as a

single target/result. (ii) Please note that under-achievements in some sectors are due to a combination of factors, including lack of implementing partners in some areas; inaccurate

or lack of reporting due to low local government or technical capacity; and lack of funding. For over-achievements in some sectors that are underfunded, it is often because UNICEF is not the sole funder of activities.

(iii) Although additional targets were reached, results for the floods response have been excluded as interventions were carried out using Central Emergency Response Fund funding received specifically for this response and carried forward from 2015.

Funding requirements

In line with the country's inter-agency 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan, UNICEF is requesting US$25,105,000 in 2017 to meet the humanitarian needs of children in Myanmar.7 This funding will allow UNICEF to provide life-saving services in sectors including nutrition and WASH, and mitigate risks for children through protection and education programmes. Addressing the issues of malnutrition and poor access to basic services (health, WASH and education) is critical to providing a better foundation for children to reach their full potential and cope with additional stresses.

Sector 2017 requirements

(US$)

Nutrition 4,150,000

Health 3,000,000

Water, sanitation and hygiene 6,100,000

Child protection 6,725,000

Education 4,430,000

Cluster/sector coordination 700,000

Total 25,105,000

https://www.unicef.org/appeals/myanmar.html

MYANMAR

Credit: Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun

DEC 2016

NEEDSHUMANITARIAN

OVERVIEW

20

17

UNITED NATIONS AND PARTNERS HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM

02

SHAN

KACHIN

SAGAING

CHIN

BAGO

MAGWAY

KAYIN

RAKHINE

MANDALAY

AYEYARWADY

KAYAH

MON

TANINTHARYI

YANGON

B a yo f

B e n g a l

Mekong

Chao Phraya

Bhramaputra

Irraw

addy

Salw

een

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

CHINAINDIA

BHUTAN

THAILAND

BANGLADESH

VIET NAM

CAMBODIA

LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

Chinese Line

Indian Line

NAY PYI TAW

250 km

People targeted

53%

48%

53%

50%

51%

52%

7%

12%

3%

% of IDPs by sex and age

Women & girls

Children (< 18 years)

Elderly (> 60 years)

KACHIN104,000 people targeted(including 87,000 IDPs)

SHAN 19,000 people targeted(including 11,000 IDPs)

RAKHINE 402,000 people targeted(including 120,000 IDPs)

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HUMANITARIAN NEEDS & KEy fIgURES

HUMANITARIAN

NEEDS & KEy fIgURESAbout 218,000 displaced people, of which 78 percent are women and children, remain in camps or camp-like situations in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine. This includes 87,000 people in Kachin and 11,000 in Shan who were displaced as a result of the armed conflict that resumed in 2011 and that continues to displace people. It also includes about 120,000 in Rakhine who were displaced as a result of the inter-communal tensions and violence that erupted in 2012. In addition, there are particularly vulnerable non-displaced people who continue to require special attention and/or support as a result of different factors including, amongst others, armed conflict, movement restrictions and severe malnutrition. To address these needs, combinations of different types of support may be needed from a range of actors involved in humanitarian, development, human rights and peace-building activities. Humanitarian action may be one of several components in a comprehensive approach to addressing the short, medium and long-term needs and human rights of vulnerable communities.

1Meeting needs of displaced people and searching for durable

solutionsApproximately 218,000 people – of which 78 per cent are women and children – remain displaced as a result of the armed conflict that resumed in Kachin and Shan in 2011 and the inter-communal violence that started in Rakhine in 2012. Many IDPs living in camps or camp-like situations remain dependent on humanitarian assistance to meet basic needs. For some, this is a result of the continued movement restrictions, while for others it relates largely to limited livelihoods opportunities. In the camps, displaced people continue to live in over-crowded conditions in long-houses that were meant to be temporary. For those people who have been given no option but to remain in camps, there is a need to ensure that they are able to live there in safety and with dignity. Meanwhile, priority must continue to be given to the search for durable solutions for displaced people and initiatives aimed at ending displacement and promoting self-reliance and early recovery.

2 Access to services and livelihoods for vulnerable people

In Kachin, Shan and Rakhine, there are vulnerable people (both displaced and non-displaced) who lack access to services and livelihoods as a result of factors such as armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, movement restrictions and restrictive policies or practices. In Rakhine, service provision remains unequal, largely as a result of new movement restrictions applicable to Muslims that were introduced in at least eight townships in 2012. This puts many people at risk, particularly those in need of urgent life-saving medical attention. Women and girls face particular challenges due to the risk of gender-based violence. In the northern part of Rakhine, movement restrictions have also impacted the health and nutrition status of Muslims, with malnutrition rates above emergency thresholds in Buthidaung and Maungdaw townships. While restrictive policies and practices continue, humanitarian needs will persist, requiring continued support to ensure access to life-saving services.

3 Protection of civiliansIn Kachin and Shan, protection concerns from

ongoing internal armed conflict include continued displacement of civilians, violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, gender-based violence and grave violations against children. Humanitarian access within and beyond the Government controlled areas dramatically deteriorated in 2016, reducing affected people’s access to humanitarian assistance as well as protection monitoring. In Rakhine, statelessness, movement restrictions, lack of access to essential services (such as health and education), lack of access to civil documents, gender-based violence, human trafficking, family separation and physical insecurity remain serious protection concerns, compounded by discrimination, marginalization and segregation of the concerned population. Many children in Rakhine have not been issued with birth certificates since the 1990s, further restricting their rights and increasing their vulnerability.

4Strengthening national capacities and building resilience

of communities affected by natural disastersMyanmar is one of the countries at highest risk of natural disasters in South-East Asia. There is a continued need for an integrated approach to strengthen the resilience of communities; to enhance national capacity to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other emergencies; and to support the Government in meeting urgent humanitarian needs of people affected by natural disasters. The World Humanitarian Summit reaffirmed the need to reinforce national and local leadership; ensure local actors – in particular women’s groups and representatives – are consulted, supported and funded; ensure women, children, youth, persons with disabilities, older persons and other vulnerable groups benefit from targeted support; work with the private sector; use modern technology; and increase the use of cash-based programming where appropriate in the context.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS

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HUMANITARIAN NEEDS & KEy fIgURES

NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO NEED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

525,448

TOTAL POPULATION

51.5M

BY STATUS

INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

217,514NON-DISPLACED PERSONS

307,934OTHER CRISIS AFFECTED PEOPLE AND

HOST COMMUNITIES

307,934

IN CAMPS, COLLECTIVE CENTRE OR SELF-SETTLED

204,010

IN HOST FAMILIES

13,504

NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED AREAS1

6.4M

CHILDREN (<18 YEARS)

57,200

ADULT (18-60 YEARS)

49,200

ELDERLY (>60 YEARS)

3,700

CHILDREN (<18 YEARS)

40,700

ADULT (18-60 YEARS)

37,000

ELDERLY (>60 YEARS)

5,900

AGE AND SEX DATA AVAILABLE FOR 110,100 IDPS IN RAKHINEAGE AND SEX DATA AVAILABLE FOR 83,600 IDPS KACHIN/SHAN

TOTAL MALE

39,700TOTAL FEMALE

43,900TOTAL

83,600TOTAL MALE

56,400TOTAL FEMALE

53,700TOTAL

110,100

INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE (BY AGE AND SEX)

1. This includes townships covered by the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement; townships where ethnic armed groups have a presence; and townships affected by inter-communal violence in Rakhine State

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IMPACT Of THE CRISIS

IMPACT OF THE

CRISISIn Rakhine, inter-communal tensions, as well as constraints on freedom of movement and restrictive policies and practices, continue to affect both displaced people in camps and people living in surrounding communities, and the large population in the northern part of Rakhine State. Many Muslim women and men, girls and boys do not have adequate access to health care, education and other basic services due to ongoing restrictions on their freedom of movement. In the northern part of Rakhine, rates of malnutrition are above WHO emergency thresholds. Elsewhere in Rakhine, while a government-led project supported the return or relocation of about 25,000 people in 2015-16, some 120,000 IDPs remain confined in camps where they are largely dependent on humanitarian aid. The protracted situation continues to expose people to the dangers of risky migration. In Kachin and Shan, armed conflict has continued, causing pockets of new and secondary displacement and putting many civilians at risk, with allegations of continued human rights violations. As a result, about 98,000 people are still displaced and many people are living in fear. Landmines and explosive remnants of war also continue to pose a threat to civilians. Flash floods in some parts of Myanmar in July and August 2016 exacerbated many of these existing vulnerabilities.

Drivers and underlying factors

The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is characterized by a complex combination of vulnerability to natural disasters, food and nutrition insecurity, armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, statelessness, displacement, trafficking and migration. The situation is compounded by chronic poverty and underlying structural inequalities and discrimination, including on the basis of gender, ethnicity and religion, which exacerbates needs and vulnerabilities of affected people in many parts of the country.

A new government led by the National League for Democracy (NLD) assumed power in 2016 and the country’s political and economic reforms that began in 2011 have gained further momentum. The World Bank has projected that GDP growth in Myanmar will average 8.2 per cent from 2016-2020, despite the annual flooding that regularly affects the livelihoods of some of the poorest and most vulnerable people in the country. State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi has said that advancing the peace process is the Government’s top priority. The establishment of an Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, also illustrates the Government’s commitment to making progress in resolving problems in the troubled Rakhine State.

Despite these positive signals, significant challenges remain, primarily related to communal and ethnic divisions as well

as protracted conflicts. If left unaddressed, these challenges pose significant risks to Myanmar’s stability and progress on sustainable development. People in Myanmar remain highly vulnerable to natural disasters. The floods in 2016 temporarily displaced more than half a million people and exacerbated many of the existing vulnerabilities in the country, particularly in terms of food security.

In recent years, efforts to address structural gender inequality and discrimination in the public and private spheres in Myanmar have multiplied. However, according to the World Bank, significant gender disparities persist across the country. Myanmar is ranked 85 (out of 187) on the Gender Inequality Index and while labour force participation has increased, institutionalized discrimination continues to prevent women from achieving equal political participation, decision-making and access to resources. Such challenges are particularly pronounced in remote and conflict-affected areas, where women and girls may be exposed to various forms of gender-based violence, trafficking and discrimination, including customary laws that inhibit land tenure, property ownership and inheritance.

There is no comprehensive prevalence data on gender-based violence, but numerous reports indicate that such violence is wide-spread. The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, for example, found that sexual violence was widespread in Kachin, northern Shan and

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Rakhine, as well as other areas of the country. Women and girls from ethnic or religious minorities, as well as stateless women, remain especially vulnerable and often suffer multiple forms of abuse by government forces, armed groups and, in many cases, in domestic settings. Intimate partner violence is normalised and widely accepted, with reports indicating a high prevalence across the country including in humanitarian settings were risk factors such as poverty, drug and alcohol abuse along with the breakdown of community protection mechanisms are elevated. Human trafficking and sexual slavery abroad also remain a serious concern, especially for younger women. The combination of gender inequality and exposure to violence, harassment and abuse remain a serious protection concern and an impediment to recovery, transition and development.

Rakhine State

In Rakhine State, inter-communal violence in 2012 led to the displacement of approximately 145,000 people. About 25,000 of these IDPs were assisted to return or relocate by the end of 2015, with individual housing support being provided by the Rakhine State Government with support from the international community. As of September 2016, some 120,000 IDPs remain in 36 camps or camp-like settings across Rakhine, of which about 79 percent are women and children. In addition, there are over 282,000 people spread over 11 townships in Rakhine who are not in camps but who remain in need of humanitarian support, bringing the total number of people in need of humanitarian assistance in Rakhine to 402,000 (see table on Number of People in Need).

Rakhine is one of the least developed areas of Myanmar, with a diverse ethnic and religious population. According to the 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Report,

Buddhists make up 96 per cent of the 2.1 million people that were counted in Rakhine during the census. However, the Census Report highlights that in addition, a “non-enumerated population of over one million in Rakhine belongs to a defined group known to be primarily, if not wholly, of the Islamic faith”.

Rakhine has the highest poverty rate in the country (78 per cent, compared to 37.5 per cent nationally) according to a November 2014 report by the World Bank entitled “Myanmar: Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity in a Time of Transition”. Myanmar remains one of the 36 countries worldwide that have the highest burden of chronic malnutrition (or stunting, defined as height-for-age < –2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median). A survey carried out in 2015-2016 by the Ministry of Health and Sports indicated that Rakhine State had the highest rate of global acute malnutrition (GAM, defined as weight-for-height < –2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median) in the country. Humanitarian organizations working in the Nutrition Sector in Rakhine indicate that acute malnutrition rates are particularly high in Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, where they are above WHO emergency thresholds. Chin State has the highest rate of chronic malnutrition in the country (above WHO critical threshold) closely followed by Kayah and Rakhine States.

Historical tensions and issues of identity, religion and ethnicity remain the defining features of the operational environment for humanitarian organizations in Rakhine State. The situation is critical for more than one million Muslims, most of whom call themselves ‘Rohingya’, whose citizenship status remains unresolved and who continue to be subject to discriminatory policies and practices. These people face restrictions on freedom of movement that limit their access to livelihoods, healthcare, food, education, protection

Jun 2011Mass displacement

due to conflicts in Kachin and northern Shan

Jun 2012 Mass dis-placement in

Rakhine following inter-communal violence. Government declares State of Emer-gency in Rakhine

Jul 2015 Floods and land-slides temporar-ily displace 1.7

million people mostly in Chin and Rakhine states, and Magway and Sagaing regions

TIMELINE OF RECENT EVENTS

2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 5

Feb 2015 About 80,000 people displaced by

conflict in Kokang SAZ (Shan State). Government declares State of Emergency in Kokang SAZ

2 0 1 3

http://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/asiapacific/files/pub-pdf/UNION_2-C_religion_EN_0.pdf

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/871761468109465157/pdf/930500CSD0P150070Box385388B00OUO090.pdf



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and other basic services, making them heavily dependent on humanitarian assistance. Conservative gender norms and entrenched gender inequality magnify the impact of this discrimination on women and girls, exacerbating their specific needs and rendering them at greater risk of violence

and hardship. Women and girls are at risk of gender-based violence, trafficking and transactional sex, including child marriage while men and boys are more at risk of arrest, detention and forced labour. The Government has tried to address the citizenship issue of the Muslim community

Credit: OCHA

31 Aug 2016The Union Peace

Conference (“21st

Century Panglong”) takes place with the Government and ethnic armed groups


Apr 2016New NLD-led Government

takes over with U Htin Kyaw as President and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi as State Counsellor

15 Oct 2015Eight ethnic armed groups

sign a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement with the Government

2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6

Jun 2016Floods temporarily

displace about 500,000 thousand people in Magway, Mandalay, Bago, Rakhine and Ayeyarwaddy

Oct 2015 Conflict in southern Shan State

temporarily displaces around 6,000 people from Kyethi and Monghsu townships

Oct 2016 Thousands of people

newly displaced in the northern part of Rakhine

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through the re-launching of the citizenship verification process. However, this process has stalled due to the many challenges encountered.

The majority of IDPs in Rakhine live in collective shelters known as ‘long houses’. The long-houses and other facilities in the IDP camps were originally constructed in 2012-13 as a temporary measure, designed to last for only two years. Many of these buildings require continuous maintenance or repairs. Even then, due to space constraints the current floor size per IDP remains approximately 20 per cent less than minimum standards advise.

Even though there was a significant investment in repairing long-houses in 2016, further repairs and maintenance will need to be carried out on these structures each year. There is a lack of privacy in the long-houses and most of them remain over-crowded. A lack of privacy combined with a lack of adequate lighting in camp settings heightens the risk of gender-based violence. Further, the lack of adequate space for separate and safe individual cooking areas also creates a high risk of fires in the camps. For example, a fire in Baw Du Pha IDP camp in May 2016 destroyed the homes of more than 2,000 people. There is a continued need for food, nutrition support, education and protection services in the camps, and it is vital to ensure improved access to primary health care, as well as unobstructed access to secondary health care.

In a more recent development, fighting between Myanmar Army troops and the Arakan Army in March-April 2016 displaced approximately 1,900 people in Buthidaung, Rathedaung and Kyaktaw townships. While the State Government has said that it expects these people to return to their homes soon, authorities say conditions are not yet conducive for returns due to ongoing tensions. In the meantime, their immediate needs are being met by the government and local partners, with support from United Nations agencies and NGOs. Thousands of people were also affected by flooding in Rakhine in 2016, primarily in Thandwe, Minbya and Taungup townships. The State Government, with support from the United Nations and its partners, responded to the most immediate needs of the affected people, including food, emergency shelters, non-food-items (NFIs) and water.

In Rakhine, although there continues to be some level of trading and interaction between the communities, there remains far less than before the violence erupted in 2012. Meanwhile, the continued segregation risks having an adverse impact on current and future inter-communal relations and dialogue. Ongoing inter-communal tensions continue to have a negative impact on the overall Rakhine economy, affecting all communities. This was reflected in the results of a Multi-Sector Assessment of socio-economic conditions in Mrauk-U, Minbya and Kyauktaw townships carried out by the Early Recovery Network in March 2016. The survey showed that all assessed villages are poor and suffered from

the broader economic stagnation of central Rakhine State over the preceding five years. All communities are affected by the ongoing inter-communal tensions. However, those that are most affected are the isolated Muslim communities that face severe movement restrictions.

Cash transfer programming is increasingly used in Myanmar by the Government as well as UN and NGO partners. To augment the Humanitarian Country Team’s understanding of cash feasibility, a study was undertaken in 2016 to assess its feasibility, specifically in areas of Rakhine State. The study looked in detail at capacities of organizations, market functioning, financial service providers and the Government, as well as community acceptance for future responses and potential for scaling-up. It concluded that scale-up may be feasible in the more urban areas, depending on markets, financial infrastructure, implementation capacity of partners and willingness on the part of the Government. However, for displaced populations, particularly those in camps, it noted that restrictions on movement and on access to markets are debilitating factors and leave people open to a number of protection concerns. In addition, conservative gender norms restrict women and girls’ freedom of movement beyond the home, often requiring them to travel with a male companion or remain inside the home, which greatly hinders their access to markets.

In Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, the Muslim population’s access to State schools, hospitals, markets and livelihoods opportunities is constrained by extortions and local orders that impose limitations on their rights and require them to obtain travel permits even for travel within the township. Since 2012, Muslims in most other townships in Rakhine have been barred from accessing State schools and universities. They are also not allowed to visit Township hospitals, markets or other facilities if this requires travelling through Buddhist areas, unless they have special permissions that are often difficult to obtain. When traveling, harassment and exploitation at roadblocks is commonly reported, particularly of women. This has an impact particularly on patients requiring second-level or specialized health care treatment such as women with high-risk pregnancies, HIV and TB patients (which increase the risk of extending the epidemic), and acute chronic patients. The townships of Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U and Minbya govern 96 Sub-Rural Health Centers, 20 Rural Health Centers, six Station Hospitals and three Township Hospitals, and yet from all of these facilities, only one Station Hospital is open to Muslim patients. As a result of these restrictions, many non-displaced people in Rakhine continue to require support from humanitarian organizations to ensure that their basic needs are met.

The top five protection threats faced by people in Rakhine are: limited freedom of movement, physical insecurity, gender-based violence, a lack of documentation, and people smuggling and human trafficking. For the Muslim population

http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/early-recovery-multi-sector-assessment-mrauk-u-district

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in Rakhine, a lack of civil documentation has been identified by the Protection Sector as an extreme threat as it has various adverse effects on the safety and well-being of communities. The current situation in the northern part of Rakhine State (see note below) may further compound these protection threats, which may in turn increase the risk of people resorting to irregular and dangerous maritime travels or fleeing to a neighbouring country. In general, the lack of civil documentation is a major hurdle for people as it prevents them from enjoying and exercising their legal rights, including freedom of movement, and from accessing services. The lack of personal identification documents (birth, death and marriage certificates) and/or identity documents showing legal residence, such as national registration cards, can also affect current or future claims for citizenship and increase the risk of statelessness. Women’s access to legal recourse is severely restricted in Rakhine. This is particularly true for survivors of gender-based violence in Muslim communities, who without documentation lack all access to the legal system.

For many displaced people in Rakhine, the protracted nature of their displacement has led to increased pressure on families as they suffer from overcrowded conditions and lack of privacy in camps/shelters, limited access to livelihoods and food, increased anxiety and hopelessness for the future. Reports from the Protection Sector indicate that this has led to an increase in the incidence and severity of various forms of gender-based violence towards women and children, including intimate partner violence. Adolescents are an under-served population and they have limited access to youth services, leading to negative coping mechanisms, child marriage, child labour and risky migration.

Note: In the northern part of Rakhine, the events that began on 9 October 2016 have introduced a new level of violence, instability and uncertainty into the context. On that day, coordinated attacks on the Border Guard Police headquarters and two other Border Guard Police posts resulted in nine police personnel being killed and many weapons being looted; there were further clashes over subsequent days and another major escalation in November. A press release issued by the Government on 13 October following the first attacks outlined the Government’s initial findings, claiming that a previously unknown militant Muslim group was responsible for the attacks. As a result of the attacks and the subsequent security operations, thousands of people have fled their homes, hundreds of houses and buildings have been burned, many people have been killed and allegations of serious human rights violations have been widely reported in the media. Due to restrictions on access imposed by the Government as a result of the current security situation, the United Nations has not been able to independently verify these reports. The United Nations has expressed its deep concern and a group of United Nations human rights experts has urged the Government to address the growing reports of violations. The

experts have called on the authorities to conduct thorough and impartial investigations of alleged human rights violations; to implement concerted efforts to fight and prevent acts of incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence against minorities; and to allow access for humanitarian workers.

The United Nations estimates that there are currently about 30,000 newly displaced people in the northern part of Maungdaw Township. Due to lack of access for humanitarian staff to carry out a needs assessment, it has not yet been possible for the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to verify the number of people affected and the magnitude of their needs. The situation has been further compounded by suspension of the pre-existing humanitarian programmes in most parts of the northern townships, including food, cash and nutrition services for 160,000 people. A Government-led mission to the northern part of Rakhine from 2-3 November with the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and nine Ambassadors provided an opportunity for them to get a general sense of the humanitarian situation and listen to the fears and needs of some of the affected communities. In a press conference at the end of the mission, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator called for a credible, independent investigation and for urgent humanitarian access. Since then, while there has been a gradual increase in the number of humanitarian activities that have been able to resume in some of the more secure parts of Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung townships, as of the end of November 2016 humanitarian organizations still do not have access to many areas.

Kachin State

In Kachin State, as a result of the armed conflict that re-started in 2011, about 87,000 people remain displaced in 142 camps/sites, of which about 77 percent are women and children. About 48 per cent of the displaced people are located in areas beyond Government control where international actors have limited humanitarian access but where local humanitarian organizations continue to be able to operate, despite increasing constraints. Kachin State is resource-rich, but has higher than average poverty levels (28.6 per cent compared to the national average of 25.6 per cent).

During 2016 there was a significant deterioration in access of international humanitarian organizations and international staff to IDPs and other vulnerable conflict-affected people in Kachin State, particularly in areas beyond Government control. Starting in April 2016, the Government and military have not permitted the World Food Programme (WFP) and other international humanitarian organizations to take food or other relief supplies into areas beyond Government control. Instead, the Government issued an instruction requiring IDPs in areas beyond Government control to travel to designated distribution points in Government-controlled areas in order

10


to collect any necessary relief supplies. The new restrictions on access are coming at a time of heightened tensions and increased fighting in Kachin and Shan. The Government and military have said that the new restrictions on access relate to a number of factors, including allegations of diversion of aid. They have also questioned the figures being used by humanitarian organizations for displaced people in camps in these areas. The United Nations is in the process of working with the Government to reconcile any discrepancies and to come up with a common set of figures.

Even for Government-controlled areas, international humanitarian organizations are experiencing unprecedented delays in obtaining travel authorizations for international staff and this is having an impact on humanitarian activities in Kachin. In addition, there are concerns that access of national staff of both international and national organizations may be affected by new travel authorization processes. The United Nations and humanitarian partners, both national and international, have advocated strongly with the Government for continued safe humanitarian access to all displaced people and conflict-affected civilians wherever they might be located. They have pointed out that requiring IDPs to cross conflict lines in order to receive humanitarian assistance would expose them to serious risks and would not be in accordance with the principles of humanitarian action.

While humanitarian assistance has been delivered regularly to IDPs in all accessible locations since 2011, the current lack of sustained and predictable humanitarian access remains a considerable challenge. While local partners remain at the

centre of humanitarian response in Kachin and have been able to deliver assistance to remote areas inaccessible to the United Nations and international partners, support from international humanitarian organizations is still needed to complement and enhance local efforts, given the growing humanitarian needs resulting from protracted displacement and renewed conflict. Many of the IDP shelters that were put up in 2011 are in desperate need of repair, particularly in the more remote areas bordering China where they are exposed to severe weather condition. Education remains inadequate at all levels, from early childhood to secondary school, limiting opportunities to access the higher education system and diminishing growth and learning opportunities for the youth.

In April/May and again in August 2016, the conflict in Kachin escalated both in terms of intensity and frequency of fighting. The situation remains extremely tense and volatile and there is a risk that new security incidents may trigger further displacement. Due to the proximity of armed personnel to civilians, there are serious ongoing protection concerns that require constant monitoring and attention. Advocacy related to international humanitarian principles will need to be further strengthened in 2017. This includes issues such as distinguishing between civilians and combatants, protection of civilians against indiscriminate attacks, protection of children in armed conflict, preventing and responding to gender-based violence, freedom of movement for civilians, humanitarian access and safe passage for conflict-affected civilians.

Prolonged displacement has put a strain not only on the displaced but also on host communities’ coping mechanisms.

Credit: OCHA

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The Government has started planning for small projects to provide durable solutions to a limited number of IDPs in Kachin. Additional small-scale spontaneous as well as organized relocation and return initiatives have taken place in some areas and more may take place in 2017 and beyond. The humanitarian community is engaging with the Government and other local actors to ensure that international standards are met.

As in other parts of Kachin, humanitarian organizations are increasingly using cash transfer programming to replace or complement in-kind aid. Recent cash feasibility assessments suggest there may be scope to build on pilot cash transfer programmes in some areas, while taking protection considerations into account. However, additional assessments and post-cash monitoring focused on the impact of cash assistance on communities are required to mitigate protection concerns related to cash, such as gender-based violence. Assessments done by KBC/OXFAM and KMSS/Trocaire in remote IDP camps in areas beyond Government control have indicated that even in these camps, a limited switch from food to cash is possible, although rice distribution should remain as in-kind assistance.

Shan State

In Shan State, there are some 11,000 displaced people remaining in 34 camps that were established in 2011 following the fighting which erupted at that time. About 78 percent of these people are women and children. This situation has been further compounded by 16 additional incidents of displacement involving more than 12,000 people in northern Shan State during the first half of 2016. In some cases, the displacement was caused by fighting between ethnic armed group and the Myanmar army, while in other cases it was as a result of fighting between different ethnic armed groups or Militias, illustrating the complexity of the situation in Shan State. Displacement in Shan State is often temporary, with many of the displaced returning home after fairly short periods of time. Of those newly displaced in the first half of 2016, more than 9,000 people had reportedly returned to their places of origin by the end of June 2016. The remaining 3,000 displaced people are mostly sheltering in monasteries, host communities and existing camps. The immediate life-saving needs of these newly-displaced are being covered by State authorities, the Myanmar Red Cross Society, local NGOs and local communities, but their capacities are being stretched to the limit. They are being supported by INGOs and United Nations agencies.

The Concerns and Risks Analysis that was carried out by the Protection Sector in the northern part of Shan State highlighted some key protection concerns arising from the protracted conflict and ongoing new displacement. These protection concerns include lack of access to humanitarian services, gender-based violence, forced recruitment including of children, forced labour, lack of documentation, land

occupation, human trafficking, and risks associated with landmines. In addition, grave violations against children during armed conflict continue to be reported.

As in Kachin, partners have recently observed a significant deterioration in access for humanitarian organizations in Shan State, leaving some locations which were previously accessible off-limits. Limited humanitarian access has significantly reduced humanitarians’ ability to provide protection by presence and ensure a balance of aid to all affected people in Shan.

Poverty in northern Shan is even higher than Kachin, with 37 per cent of the population living below the poverty line, compared to the national average of 26 per cent according to the 2010 Household Living Conditions Survey. Displaced people have found it difficult to restore their livelihoods and reduce their dependency on aid. Restarting livelihoods in Shan’s conflict areas must happen against a backdrop of protection challenges including the cultivation of land contaminated by landmines and continued militarization. Myanmar has one of the highest landmine casualty rates in the world. Beyond mine risk education and immediate victim assistance, advocacy efforts have continued to focus on allowing for mapping of mined areas, laying the groundwork for future demining. Reduced livelihood opportunities for displaced people in Shan increase the likelihood of negative coping mechanisms, such as drug and alcohol abuse, which are leading risk factors for gender-based violence in the region. The ongoing conflict and related displacement has also strained the coping capacities of host communities.

In the Kokang Self-Administered Zone (SAZ), sporadic fighting has continued between the Myanmar Army and Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) troops, especially in the northern part of the zone. The conflict initially displaced approximately 80,000 people with the majority crossing over the border into China. As of July 2016, the Relief and Resettlement Department in Lashio reports that nearly 42,000 people had returned. However, local humanitarian organizations estimate that the return figures are much higher. WFP started the delivery of food assistance to the returnees in September 2015 and continues to provide basic food rations to people in the Kokang SAZ. Local organizations working in the area estimate that around 15,000 villagers from Maw Htaik Sub-Township, which is still under the control of the MNDAA, remain displaced in camps with temporary tents/houses along the Myanmar side of the border. Given the limited access to these locations, there is little assistance from humanitarian organizations being provided to these IDPs. Meanwhile, humanitarian partners are concerned about the construction of 1,000 houses in a relocation site between Tar Shwe Htan and Laukkai to relocate approximately 8,000 people from 18 villages in Shwe Yin See village tract which lies along the mountainous border between Myanmar and China. National humanitarian organizations are also providing some basic assistance to the relocated IDPs.

http://www.mm.undp.org/content/myanmar/en/home/library/poverty/publication_1.html

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South-eastern Myanmar

In south-eastern Myanmar, decades of armed conflict led to a large number of people being displaced, including 106,000 refugees who remain in nine temporary shelters in Thailand. The southeast has been characterized by multiple waves of displacement both inside the country and across the border into Thailand. Therefore, accurate numbers are difficult to ascertain.

Since the end of 2015, with the new government and the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in place and a renewed emphasis on national reconciliation as articulated through the Panglong Conference, there is an expectation that the socio-political and economic situation in south-eastern Myanmar may improve and further progress will be made in finding solutions for those affected by conflict and displacement. This includes return and reintegration of refugees and IDPs and the strengthening of coexistence in communities that contain original inhabitants, migrants and those affected by displacement. However, the highly militarized presence continues to have an impact on the protection environment and while efforts to achieve nationwide peace are continuing there remains a risk of further conflict and instability.

The needs of the population in this area are closely interlinked with peace and state-building agendas and include landmine risks, land ownership and equal access to public services. Gender-based violence remains a leading protection concern, with high levels of drug use being a key risk factor for violence against women and girls in the region. In this context it is difficult to separate humanitarian needs from longer term development needs. The needs of people in this area are therefore considered to be beyond the scope of this Humanitarian Needs Overview.

Note: As a result of clashes between the Myanmar Army/Border Guard Force and a splinter group of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), a few thousand people were evacuated by the Myanmar Army/Border Guard Force to Maung Gyi Nu village in Hlaingbwe, Kayin State, in September 2016. As of November 2016, the Government continues to lead the response for about 6,000 people who remain in the Maung Gyi Nu monastery compound. The needs of these people are being addressed mainly by the Government, with some assistance from the UN, national and international NGOs as well as private donations.

Natural Disasters

In addition to continued humanitarian needs associated with conflict and communal violence, Myanmar is one of the most disaster prone countries in Asia. It ranks 2nd out of 187 countries in the Global Climate Risk Index and 12th out of 191 countries in the Index of Risk Management (INFORM). It is prone to natural hazards including cyclones, storms, floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, drought, fire and forest fires. Historical data shows that there have been medium to large-scale natural disasters every few years. Since 2002, more than 13 million

people have been affected by natural disasters, including three Category 4 cyclones, several major earthquakes, and in 2015 the country experienced the worst flooding in decades.

Myanmar’s vulnerability to extreme weather was visible again in 2016. Strong winds, heavy rains and hail storms in April affected around 40 townships across Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing and Shan. From February to June 2016, Myanmar also experienced the effects of El Niño including extreme temperatures, unusual rainfall patterns, dry soil, high risk of fires and acute water shortages. Water shortages were compounded by damage to many ponds during the 2015 floods, leading to an overall reduction in available pond water. According to the National Disaster Management Committee, more than 900 villages across the country experienced water shortages. The Government distributed water by truck and provided other support to hundreds of affected villages.

Myanmar experienced heavy monsoon flooding again in 11 states and regions in June and July 2016. In this case, over half a million people were temporarily displaced and 133,000 were assessed to be in need of livelihoods support. In the flood-affected areas, immediate needs were covered by the Government, the Myanmar Red Cross Society, local organizations and private donors with support from international organizations (including a grant of US$3.6 m from the Central Emergency Response Fund). Damage was caused to farm land, fish farms, schools, roads, bridges, wells and communal buildings.

A 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar in August 2016, killing three people and damaging schools, hospitals and houses, as well as more than 100 pagodas. The most severe impacts were seen in communities along the border between Magway and Mandalay. Myanmar regularly experiences earthquakes and this is the fourth tremor higher than magnitude 6.0 since 2008. In April 2016, another 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck near Mawlaik in Sagaing but there were no casualties and no major damage was recorded. These earthquakes are a reminder of the vulnerability of Myanmar to natural disasters. They also underline the importance of disaster risk reduction activities and ongoing efforts to strengthen national capacities for disaster preparedness and response.

The frequent exposure of an already vulnerable population to natural disasters – floods, landslides, droughts and earthquakes – underlines the critical importance of building longer-term resilience. This include investing more in disaster risk reduction and strengthening capacities of local and national organizations (government and non-government) to reduce risk, plan for and manage disaster response. Women and girls experience increased vulnerability to the effects of natural disasters as a consequence of existing systems of inequality and discrimination. Accordingly, any disaster risk reduction and response activities must prioritize the equitable participation of women and girls and adopt a gender responsive approach. In addition, any sustainable response requires the participation of women.

https://germanwatch.org/en/download/13503.pdf

http://www.inform-index.org/Portals/0/Inform/2016/country_profiles/MMR.pdf

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bREAKDOWN Of PEOPLE IN NEED

BREAKDOWN OF

PEOPLE IN NEEDAs described in the following table, there are about 402,000 people who remain in need of humanitarian assistance in Rakhine and about 123,000 people with ongoing humanitarian needs in Kachin and northern Shan.

NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED BY SECTOR

SECTOR

DISPLACED PERSONSNON DISPLACED

PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE

In camps, collective or

self-settledIn host families

Other crisis affected people & host

communities

% FEMALE

% CHIL-

DREN

% ADULTS

% ELDERLY

RAKHINE

Education 50,000 3,000 47,000 100,000 51 98 2 0

Food Security 113,757 6,119 140,450 260,326 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Health 113,757 6,119 256,714 376,590 55 30 65 5

Nutrition 22,282 1,200 83,877 107,359 51.8 81 19 0

Protection 113,757 6,119 25,048 144,924 51 50 46 4

Shelter/NFIs/CCCM 113,757 6,119 - 119,876 51 50 46 4

WASH 113,757 6,119 138,500 258,376 55 35 40 25

KACHIN

Education 35,400 2,300 - 37,700 51 98 2 0

Food Security 81,117 5,783 17,561 104,461 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Health 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 30 65 5

Nutrition 10,713 894 224 11,831 51.8 72 28 0

Protection 81,117 5,783 1,670 88,570 53 49 44 7


WASH 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 35 40 25

SHAN

Education 2,800 500 - 3,300 51 98 2 0

Food Security 9,136 1,602 8,000 18,738 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Health 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 30 65 5

Nutrition 1,201 211 1,056 2,468 51.8 72 28 0

Protection 9,136 1,602 104 10,842 53 49 44 7


WASH 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 35 40 25

14

PEOPLE IN NEED

PEOPLE IN

NEEDAbout 402,000 people in Rakhine State are in need of humanitarian assistance. This includes about 120,000 IDPs, and over 282,000 other crisis-affected people/host communities. In Kachin and northern Shan, there are close to 123,000 people in need of humanitarian assistance. This includes about 98,000 IDPs and about 26,000 other crisis-affected people/host communities. The humanitarian needs of people in South-eastern Myanmar are beyond the scope of this Humanitarian Needs Overview.

# people in need by township

Kachin

northern Shan

Rakhine

Chin

Ayeyarwady

Sagaing

Magway

Bago

Mandalay

1 - 10,000

10,000 - 50,000

> 50,000


15

PEOPLE IN NEEDPEOPLE IN NEED

DISPLACED PERSONS1 NON-DISPLACED PERSONS

TOTALIDPs in camps, collective centres or

self-settled IDPs in host familiesTOTAL IDPS

Other crisis affected people and host

communities2TOWNSHIP

KACHIN STATEGovernment controlled areas

Areas controlled by armed groups or contested areas

Government controlled areas


BHAMO 6,955 - 989 - 7,944 5,500 13,444

CHIPWI 1,630 1,019 - - 2,649 - 2,649

HPAKANT 3,867 - - - 3,867 - 3,867

KHAUNGLANHPU 17 - - - 17 - 17

MANSI 7,054 4,517 1,090 - 12,661 3,200 15,861

MOGAUNG 353 - 83 - 436 - 436

MOHNYIN 121 - 217 - 338 300 638

MOMAUK 5,430 9,141 1,563 - 16,134 4,000 20,134

MYITKYINA 5,959 - - - 5,959 1,7003 7,659

PUTA-O 268 - 120 - 388 - 388

SHWEGU 400 - 30 1,691 2,121 - 2,121

SUMPRABUM 1,232 - - - 1,232 - 1,232

WAINGMAW 7,578 25,576 - - 33,154 3,000 36,154

TOTAL KACHIN 40,864 40,253 4,092 1,691 86,900 17,700 104,600

SHAN STATEGovernment controlled areas




HSENI 260 - - 392 652 - 652

KUTKAI 5,071 - - - 5,071 - 5,071

MANTON 530 - - - 530 - 530

MUSE 322 - - 690 1,012 - 1,012

NAMHKAN 2,832 - - - 2,832 - 2,832

NAMTU 121 - 520 - 641 - 641

KOKANG SAZ4 - - - - - 8,000 8,000

TOTAL SHAN 9,136 - 520 1,082 10,738 8,000 18,738

RAKHINE STATE

BUTHIDAUNG - - - 40,000 40,000

KYAUK-PHYU 1,601 - 1,601 500 2,101

KYAUKTAW 546 - 546 19,651 20,197

MAUNGDAW 1,148 - 1,148 156,681 157,829

MINBYA - - - 10,638 10,638

MRAUK-U - - - 8,826 8,826

MYEBON 2,718 - 2,718 204 2,922

PAUKTAW 15,942 - 15,942 9,669 25,611

PONNAGYUN - - - 4,000 4,000

RAMREE 264 - 264 1,500 1,764

RATHEDAUNG 3,566 - 3,566 26,565 30,131

SITTWE 87,972 6,119 94,091 4,000 98,091

TOTAL RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 119,876 282,234 402,110

TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED 217,514 307,934 525,448

1. Figures provided by the Camp Management and Camp Coordination Cluster (Kachin - Sep 2016, Rakhine - Sep 2016). Please note that these figures do not include new displacement in Shan (due to the recent conflicts) and in Rakhine (due to clashes between the Arakan Army and the Myanmar military, and displacement in the northern part of Rakhine resulting from the attacks on Border Guard Police posts in October 2016 and subsequent security operations). The Government has informed the UN that its own figures for IDPs in camps are different. The UN is in the process of working with the Government to reconcile any discrepancies and to come up with a common set of figures.2. This includes some former IDPs (returnees or relocated IDPs).3. The General Administration Department’s latest estimate for resettled IDPs in PaLaNa resettlement area. 4. Displaced people who returned to Kokang and who are currently receiving food assistance from WFP.

16

PEOPLE IN NEED

Credit: OCHA

17

PEOPLE IN NEED

INFORMATION BY SECTOR

Education

Food Security

Health

Nutrition

Protection

Shelter/Non-food items/CCCM

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

PART II: NEEDS OVERVIEWS

BY SECTOR

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PART II: EDUCATION

OVERVIEWAn estimated 141,000 children affected by conflict or inter-communal tensions in Myanmar are in need of humanitarian interventions in education. The major needs include: (1) improved access to safe and equipped learning spaces and quality learning opportunities; (2) improved ability to cope with negative psychological effects and limit physical danger caused by the crisis.

AFFECTED POPULATIONMany conflict-affected children and adolescents in Myanmar remain displaced or face restrictions on freedom of movements and access to services. Those in need of humanitarian education services include: 37,700 children in Kachin, 3,300 in Shan, and 100,000 in Rakhine.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSIn Kachin and Shan, the high number of displaced children requiring pre-primary, primary and post-primary education has put pressure on the existing facilities in areas both within and beyond Government control, despite the establishment of additional temporary learning spaces (TLS) and schools in IDP camps. The additional costs of education (supplies, tuition fees and transportation) are prohibitive for many IDPs. A lack of resources results in insufficient facilities and materials to accommodate children within minimum standards. Adolescents are in particular need of learning opportunities and life skills education as they are the most vulnerable to forced labour, recruitment into armed groups and exploitation. This will allow adolescents to more fully participate as members of their communities and help prevent and mitigate these risks in the conflict affected regions.

EDUCATION

In Rakhine, displacement and ongoing restrictions on freedom of movement continue to undermine children’s access to education. The majority of IDP children remain dependent on in-camp education services. However, there is still a priority to align those services delivered in camps with the formal education system and advocate for their inclusion in governmental education planning. Continued training of education personnel on formalized curriculum and protective, emergency-related issues remains a priority need. The situation for post-primary education is especially critical with large numbers of adolescents in camps and crisis affected areas unable to access quality, formal education opportunities which compromise education’s role as a holistic protective agent which offers hope and helps mitigate potential conflict.

NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN NEED

141,000

STATE/REGIONS

DISPLACED PERSONSNON-DISPLACED

PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE

IDPs in camps, collective centers

or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 35,400 2,300 - 37,700 51 98 2 -

SHAN 2,800 500 - 3,300 51 98 2 -

RAKHINE 50,000 3,000 47,000 100,000 51 98 2 -

TOTAL 88,200 5,800 47,000 141,000

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PART II: fOOD SECURITy

OVERVIEWAn estimated 383,500 people in Myanmar remain in need of food and livelihood assistance. Main humanitarian needs include: (1) life-saving food assistance; (2) sustainable agricultural livelihood and income generating support; and (3) strengthened preparedness and resilience to future disasters.

AFFECTED POPULATIONVulnerable people in Myanmar who are in need of critical food and livelihood support in 2017 include: 104,500 conflict-affected in Kachin, and 18,700 in Shan and 260,000 people in Rakhine who remain affected by inter-communal tensions and movement restrictions.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSLife-saving food assistance continues to be needed for the displaced (including new displacement in 2017), returnees, relocated people, and other conflict-affected people in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states due to movement restrictions and limited income opportunities. Due to the protracted displacement, affected people will need diversified livelihood support and additional income sources to reduce their dependency on humanitarian assistance. Specialized food and nutrition support for children under five, and pregnant and lactating women will also remain a priority.

‘Do No Harm’ principles and conflict sensitivity will be key in transitioning from life-saving food assistance to cash assistance and to resilient and sustainable livelihood development. It is critical to promote possible agricultural interventions and other livelihood initiatives in identified camps or adjacent areas as this has demonstrated positive impact on food diversity and family income. A baseline survey conducted in Kachin in 2016 identified agriculture (or related activities) as the second and

FOOD SECURITY

third source of income (80 per cent) in camps with 50 per cent of the vegetable consumed coming from the own production in camp areas. A prioritization exercise in May 2016 identified additional livelihood sources among the displaced population in a few camps (30 per cent IDPs in Kachin and 44 per cent in Shan). Opportunities to support these livelihood options need further consideration to help reduce dependency on humanitarian assistance, shifting in modalities and reducing food baskets proportionally. To facilitate IDP resettlement, it is essential that returnees, relocated people and host communities receive sustainable agricultural livelihood and income generating support. The Early Recovery Network assessment in Rakhine (April 2016) identified a negative shift in livelihood patterns and emphasized the support required, mainly in the food security sector for making this return process sustainable. Finally, there is a critical need to integrate preparedness and resilience building measures into emergency and recovery programmes, especially in disaster prone areas to prevent and mitigate disaster impacts and negative coping strategies. Programmes at community level should be tailored to develop the capacities of affected populations to anticipate, respond to and recover from future disasters.

NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED

383,500

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE

IDPs in camps , collective centers

or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 81,117 5,783 17,561 104,461 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

SHAN 9,136 1,602 8,000 18,738 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 140,450 260,326 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 166,011 383,525

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PART II: HEALTH

OVERVIEWAn estimated 474,000 people in Myanmar continue to face obstacles in accessing health care services. The main humanitarian needs include: (1) ensuring access to improved primary health care services, including a functional referral system; (2) improving reproductive, maternal, adolescent and child health care (including family planning services); (3) maintaining an early warning and response system for communicable diseases of public health concern.

AFFECTED POPULATIONThe affected people who face particular challenges in accessing quality health care services include the following: 86,900 conflict- affected people in Kachin and 10,700 in Shan, and 376,600 people in Rakhine who are displaced or affected by restrictions on their movements and access to essential services. Many communities in Rakhine continue to face critical challenges in access to health care services, particularly those in the un-enumerated population.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSIn Kachin and Shan, the majority of IDPs, particularly in areas beyond Government control, continue to rely on humanitarian support and facilities available in China as their access to health services and referral systems in Myanmar remains limited. While many camps have primary health care services provided by humanitarian partners, assessments indicate the need for further strengthening of health facilities, including increased provision of sufficient medicines. Access constraints faced by organizations working to establish functional referral systems equate to a serious health risk for the affected population. In mid-2016, only 59 per cent of the target population had access to basic health care, largely due

HEALTH

to logistical and security constraints, inadequate facilities, medical supplies and skilled staff.

In Rakhine, in addition to long-standing limitations in general health service provision, humanitarian needs continue due to continued restrictions on access to health facilities and township hospitals for the Muslim population (including IDPs) in central Rakhine. While the referral pathway has improved over past months, challenges remain with established protocols and restrictions applied to health referrals which contribute to inequitable access to services. Recruitment of skilled staff and retention of existing staff to support health operations continues to be a major challenge. At mid-2016, only 76 per cent of those targeted by the Health Cluster in Rakhine had access to basic health-care services. Humanitarian health interventions remain essential until all populations have equitable access to health services through strengthening of government capacity and removing the current restrictions on freedom of movement and access to health facilities.


474,000

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE


or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 30 65 5

SHAN 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 30 65 5

RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 256,714 376,590 55 30 65 5

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 256,714 474,228

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PART II: NUTRITION

OVERVIEWOver 122,000 children and women require life-saving nutrition services. The main humanitarian needs include: (1) improved access to Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition; (2) micronutrient support; (3) protection, promotion and support of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.

AFFECTED POPULATIONOverall, the following numbers of children and women have nutrition needs: 11,831in Kachin, 2,468 in Shan and 107,360 in Rakhine who remain affected by the ongoing inter-communal tensions, restrictions on their movements and access to services. The Nutrition sector focuses primarily on children under five and pregnant and lactating women (PLW) who continue to be vulnerable and nutritionally insecure. Additionally, in Rakhine, the sector is focusing on children between 5-9 years who are in need of treatment for acute malnutrition. Given the limited nutritional data available at the time of planning , additional surveys are required to determine the full extent of the crises and pockets of need.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSAcute malnutrition remains a concern in Rakhine. The situation is particularly critical in Buthidaung and Maungdaw townships, where the prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) among children 6-59 months is above the WHO emergency threshold (15 per cent). This means that the under 5 (U5) children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in these townships have humanitarian nutritional needs.

The prevalence of GAM in Buthidaung and Maungdaw stands at 15.1 per cent, and 19.0 per cent respectively while the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is recorded

NUTRITION

at 2.0 per cent, and 3.9 per cent respectively. From January to July 2016, some 17,981 children aged 6-59 months with SAM (159 per cent of the 2016 target) were admitted to therapeutic care across affected townships in Rakhine. While the nutritional situation in these townships reflects nutritional emergency levels and requires life-saving interventions, the problem of acute malnutrition could only be fully addressed if long term multi-sectorial interventions are implemented and initiatives such as the State Development Plan and the Food Security and Nutrition Strategy are effectively supported.

Chronic malnutrition is also a major concern with global stunting levels ranging between 28.2 (Sittwe urban) to 51.7 per cent (Pauktaw) in Rakhine, and 37.0 to 47.6 per cent in Kachin and Shan (above 40 per cent is considered very high by WHO). In addition to the alarming levels of acute and chronic malnutrition, surveys also highlight poor and sub-optimal IYCF practices related to timely initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and timely complementary feeding.


122,000

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE


or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 10,713 894 224 11,831 51.8 72 28 -

SHAN 1,201 211 1,056 2,468 51.8 72 28 -

RAKHINE 22,282 1,200 83,877 107,359 51.8 81 19 -

TOTAL 34,196 2,305 87,157 121,658

22

PART II: PROTECTION

OVERVIEWAn estimated 244,000 people in Myanmar continue to require protection assistance. Based on the 2015 Concerns and Risks Analysis for Kachin, Shan and Rakine, the main humanitarian needs include: (1) improved access to timely and quality protection services including referral pathways; (2) prevention and response to gender-based violence; (3) grave violations against children and risky migration practices; (4) durable solutions in accordance with international standards; (5) protection of civilians in conflict areas, including through mine action programming in contaminated areas.

AFFECTED POPULATION88,570 conflict-affected people in Kachin, 10,842 in Shan, and 144,924 people in Rakhine affected by the restrictive and discriminatory policies and practices as well as by protracted displacement.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSProtection concerns from ongoing internal conflict in Kachin and Shan include continued displacements of civilians, international humanitarian and human rights laws violations, gender-based violence (GBV) and grave violations against children. Meanwhile, the conflict is characterized by a climate of impunity, lack of access to livelihoods, high levels of drug use and abuse as well as the risk associated with mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). This is documented in the Concerns and Risks Analysis, Kachin/northern Shan, Protection Sector, October 2015. Restriction on freedom of movement and lack of civil documentation increase a risk of human trafficking and cross-border movements to China, involving GBV and possible detention. Humanitarian access

PROTECTION

to areas both within and beyond the Government control dramatically deteriorated in 2016, depriving affected people of access to adequate assistance as well as protection monitoring.

In Rakhine, many people still feel the effects of the inter community violence/tensions. They need support to facilitate resilience within individuals, families and communities in order to restore social cohesion. Across the state, discriminatory practices including arbitrary restrictions on freedom of movement, difficulties in accessing civil documentation and essential services (such as healthcare and education), as well as a system of local orders (applicable in the northern part) and segregation contribute to on-going serious protection concerns. These include GBV, child labour, child marriage, risky migration, trafficking, family separation and physical insecurity. This is documented in the Concerns and Risks Analysis, Rakhine State, Protection Sector, October 2015. A conflict sensitive and gender inclusive approach will continue to be implemented by the sector, through working with populations in surrounding villages that were affected by the conflict, and host communities, to ensure better access to protection services.


244,000

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE


or self-settled

In host families

Other crisis affected people & host communities*

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 81,117 5,783 1,670 88,570 53 49 44 7

SHAN 9,136 1,602 104 10,842 53 49 44 7

RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 25,048 144,924 51 50 46 4

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 26,822 244,336

* This refers to returnees/relocated people in the case of Protection Sector.

http://ingoforummyanmar.org/sites/ingoforummyanmar.org/files/report-files/Protection_Sector_-_Concerns_and_Risks_Analysis_KACHIN_SHAN_22October_FINAL.pdf

http://ingoforummyanmar.org/sites/ingoforummyanmar.org/files/report-files/Protection_Sector_-_Concerns_and_Risks_Analysis_KACHIN_SHAN_22October_FINAL.pdf

23

PART II: SHELTER/NON-fOOD ITEMS/CCCM

OVERVIEWFor shelter, priority needs include provision of adequate emergency shelter (for new IDPs), temporary shelter (if displacement is to continue) and individual housing solutions where appropriate (as part of overall efforts to end displacement). Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) support is needed to improve the lives of those within camps and to prepare for life after displacement. NFI support is needed to meet basic household needs of affected people.

AFFECTED POPULATIONThe affected people in Myanmar who continue to face particular challenges in having decent shelters, NFIs, and CCCM support are the following: 86,900 conflict-affected people in Kachin, 10,738 in Shan and 119,876 people in Rakhine who remain affected by restrictions on their movements and access to essential services.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSIn Kachin and Shan, over 97,600 people remain displaced as a result of the armed conflict that started in 2011. Many shelters built in 2011/12 did not meet minimum standards in terms of size, structural safety and durability. Unless solutions are found it is a perpetual cycle of replacing sub-standard or no longer habitable temporary shelters. However, as of June 2016, only 28 per cent of the target IDPs in Kachin and Shan had benefited from projects to repair or reconstruct damaged temporary shelters due to limited funding. While the need for mass blanket NFI distributions has passed, some NFIs are needed for vulnerable cases but infrequently and in modest numbers. Key CCCM needs are: 1) humanitarian assistance is well-managed and coordinated; 2) participatory and community-based development approaches are integrated into planning and implementation; 3) when return or

SHELTER/NON-FOOD ITEMS/CCCM

relocation is possible, IDPs are well-prepared to rebuild their lives permanently within a reasonable amount of time and be able to contribute to social cohesion.

In Rakhine, some 119,900 IDPs remain in 36 camps or camp-like settings as of September 2016. Most shelters in camps have been subjected to a fourth rainy season and already reached the end of their lifespan. In March 2016 a joint assessment was conducted by the Cluster and the Rakhine State Government, focusing on the 21 camps in Sittwe, Pauktaw and Myebon that currently house over 90 per cent of the 120,000 IDPs across Rakhine State. Prior to the 2016 rains (which caused further degradation), it showed an urgent need for major renovation of over 60 per cent of the shelters in the Sittwe camps and full rehabilitation of more than 80 per cent of the shelters in Pauktaw. This total temporary shelter repair and maintenance need stood at US$3.9 million and 60 per cent has been raised and has or is being implemented. However, the gap remains (US$1.5 million) in the most pressing areas in Sittwe and Pauktaw Townships. Equally, despite repeated efforts to deliver additional individual shelter solutions following the progress made in 2015, with funding and expertise readily available, opportunities are dependent upon Government decision. In terms of CCCM support, efforts to reform Camp Management Committees (CMCs) continue and require dedicated support from the Government. The needs for NFIs are more acute due to over-crowded conditions, severe restrictions on freedom of movement and access to basic services. Blanket NFI distributions in some areas are still needed.


217,500

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE


or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 53 51 43 6

SHAN 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 53 51 43 6

RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 - 119,876 51 50 46 4

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 - 217,514

24

PART II: WATER, SANITATION AND HygIENE

OVERVIEWThe main humanitarian needs include the continued and effective provision of safe water, dignified sanitation services and effective hygiene promotion to communities with restricted movements in Rakhine and those affected by on-going conflict in Kachin and Shan states. The overall aim is to ensure provision of essential water, sanitation and hygiene services to populations with movement restrictions until reintegration is achieved.

AFFECTED POPULATIONThe affected people who continue to face particular difficulties in accessing clean water and sanitation are the following: 86,900 people in Kachin, 10,738 in Shan and 258,376 people in Rakhine.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDSIn Kachin and Shan, 97,600 IDPs remain in 176 sites where temporary water and sanitation infrastructures require maintenance and operational support, including hygiene promotion activities on a regular basis. In mid-2016, 46 per cent and 85 per cent of IDPs had access to good quality and quantity of drinking /domestic water, and basic sanitation facilities respectively. In Government controlled urban sites, limited progress has been made on integrating service provision with municipal service delivery but in rural locations authorities and private sector do not have the mandate/capacity to take on these responsibilities. In areas beyond government control, restricted movements pose significant challenges for delivery of essential services and monitoring. Across both Kachin and Shan, on-going conflict leads to frequent short-term displacements that are expected to require rapid small-scale humanitarian WASH assistance during the course of 2017.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

In Rakhine State, 119,900 IDPs remain displaced without freedom of movement across 36 sites where temporary water and sanitation infrastructures require maintenance and operational support, including hygiene promotion activities on a regular basis. In mid-2016, 78 per cent and 87 per cent of IDPs in camps had access to good quality and quantity of drinking/domestic water, and basic sanitation facilities respectively. Of the estimated one million non-displaced people across the state with movement restrictions, approximately 138,500 people are considered to be facing humanitarian WASH needs. This caseload is primarily defined to support health and nutrition cluster caseloads in areas of acute need. Across Rakhine, IDPs along with wider populations are annually affected by severe water shortages and floods, compounded by a chronic lack of investment in sustainable disaster/climate resilient WASH infrastructures. The widespread poverty and high State-wide risk of disaster means intensive efforts are required to bridge the humanitarian /development divide and together effectively tackle future vulnerability as well as current needs.

Figures used by the WASH Cluster within camps are based upon CCCM’s estimates. Outside of camps they are based upon an estimate of non-displaced affected communities without access to improved water supplies and adjusted to account for humanitarian needs alongside longer term development challenges.


356,000

STATE/REGIONS


PERSONSTOTAL

BY SEX BY AGE


or self-settled

In host families


communities

% female

% children

% adult

% elderly

KACHIN 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 35 40 25

SHAN 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 35 40 25

RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 138,500 258,376 55 35 40 25

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 138,500 356,014

This document was prepared by the Myanmar Humanitarian Country Team (United Nations and Partners).

It provides the Humanitarian Country Team’s shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and helps inform joint strategic response planning.

The designations employed and the presentation of material in the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

www.unocha.org/myanmar www.facebook.com/OCHAMyanmar

HIGHLIGHTS • Access constraints hinder

the humanitarian response to

the crisis in the north of

Rakhine.

• Intensified fighting

endangers civilians and

prompts displacement in

Kachin and northern Shan.

• The Emergency Relief

Coordinator visits Myanmar

and calls for more

humanitarian access and

increased protection of

civilians.

• 2017 Humanitarian

Response Plan requests

$150m to reach 525,000

people in need.

FIGURES* # of IDPs Kachin 87,000

# of IDPs Shan 11,000

# of IDPs Rakhine

120,000

# of non-displaced affected people

307,000

FUNDING 2016

190 million requested (US$)

55% funded

FUNDING 2017

150 million requested (US$)

3% funded

*Numbers in pre-existing camps/sites. Does not include all recent displacement.

At least 92,000 people displaced after October attacks on police posts in northern Rakhine A series of attacks on Border Guard Police posts on 9 October 2016 in which nine police personnel were killed and subsequent security operations have triggered a new humanitarian crisis in the northern part of Rakhine State. At least 92,000 people have fled their homes, hundreds of houses and buildings have been burned, many people have been killed and allegations of serious human rights violations have been widely reported. Due to access restrictions imposed by the Government, the United Nations has not been able to independently investigate the reports of abuse. UN agencies in Bangladesh estimate that 69,000 people have fled across the border into Bangladesh since the attacks, while more than 23,000 (over 12,300 women/girls and over 11,100 men/boys) are estimated by the UN to remain displaced inside Maungdaw north. The majority of those displaced are Muslims who identify themselves as Rohingya, however members of other communities were also displaced. The majority of the ethnic Rakhine and Mro people who were displaced have returned to their villages, although around 272 Rakhine and Mro people remain displaced in Maungdaw and Buthidaung. Security sweeps are continuing in the north of Rakhine State and a dawn to dusk curfew remains in place.

After a three month interruption to most of the services being provided by UN agencies and humanitarian organizations in northern Rakhine, the Government has been permitting an incremental resumption of some activities, but with national staff only. International staff still face severe movement restrictions. While they have been permitted to observe some Government-led food distributions and while some high level visits are being permitted, most international staff based in northern Rakhine remain confined to the township capitals (Maungdaw and Buthidaung towns). While distribution of food and some other relief items is now being permitted (with national staff

Credit: WFP Maungdaw, Rakhine State (9 November, 2016) - WFP Food being

delivered in Zin Paing Nyar village in Maungdaw Township.

Humanitarian Bulletin Myanmar Issue 4 2016 | October 2016 – January 2017

In this issue

Humanitarian crisis in Rakhine P.1 Fighting in Kachin and Shan P.4

New landmine victim rehabilitation centre P.5 UN Relief Chief visits Myanmar P.6

2017 Humanitarian Response Plan P.7

OCHA

Myanmar Humanitarian Bulletin | 2

www.unocha.org/myanmar| www.unocha.org

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) • Coordination Saves Lives

Travel restrictions and fear preventing affected people accessing health services

150,000 people affected by interruption to food and nutrition services after 9 October attacks

Emergency food deliveries reach almost 35,000 people in Maungdaw north

Links: Read more about malnutrition in Rakhine • UNICEF Annual

Report 2015 • Myanmar Ministry of

Health Demographic and Health Survey 2015-6

• Nutrition Sector, 2017 HRP, p 31

only), the Government has not yet permitted humanitarian organizations to resume protection activities.

A Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment was initiated in Maungdaw south in January but permission has not yet been granted by the authorities for a similar assessment to be carried out in Maungdaw north where security operations are ongoing. While WFP has been able to gather information related to its food deliveries in some areas of Maungdaw north, completion of a comprehensive needs assessment across all affected areas is critical to understanding the overall situation facing affected people. In the meantime, observations from humanitarian staff working in affected areas suggest that food, shelter, household items, medical kits, water, sanitation and hygiene assistance, education and protection support are the key humanitarian needs. Health services, including some NGO clinics, have resumed in some areas, but coverage is patchy and humanitarian staff report low patient attendance as the situation remains tense. People are still afraid to move freely to access services and travel passes are restricted. Emergency medical referrals have also been severely impacted, limiting options for treatment and placing patients at risk. Emergency medical referrals outside Maungdaw District are not permitted for Muslim patients.

Food deliveries resume amid a backlog of need Concerning assistance provided by the Government, the UN does not have full details of all relief delivered. According to the Global New Light of Myanmar, from 6-11 January the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement delivered food to 59,962 people from 52 villages in Maungdaw Township. The same newspaper also reports that the Ministry of Border Affairs provided food for 139,745 people from both ethnic Rakhine and Muslim communities in the northern part of Rakhine on 10 January. In addition, ten containers of food and clothes donated by Indonesia arrived in Rakhine State during January for distribution by the Government in Maungdaw and in IDP camps. Distribution of the Indonesian aid began in Maungdaw north on 27 January. Additional relief items sent by Malaysian NGOs will also soon arrive in Yangon for distribution to affected people in Rakhine State, according to latest reports. Prior to 9 October, the UN and other humanitarian organizations had been supporting more than 150,000 people with regular food and nutrition assistance in northern Rakhine. In the wake of the attacks and subsequent security operations, access for the purposes of delivering this assistance has been severely restricted and many people missed out on their seasonal food assistance, school feeding and regular nutrition support for three months. Where access has been permitted since 9 October, it has been unpredictable and has often involved one-off distributions. In recent weeks, nutrition support has resumed to pregnant and lactating women, as well as malnourished young children, in Rathedaung, Buthidaung and Maungdaw. On 13 January, WFP was permitted to start the delivery of emergency food assistance to 158 affected villages in Maungdaw north. As of 30 January, almost 35,000 people (almost 15,500 men/boys and almost 19,500 women/girls) had been reached. Distributions were conducted by national staff and international humanitarian personnel were not allowed to participate. Many of those reached with food support since 13 January are being assisted for the first time in three months and there are concerns about the long term implications of disruptions to food deliveries and nutrition support, as well as mobile health clinics and other humanitarian services. Rakhine State has long had one of Myanmar’s highest rates of malnutrition, particularly among children (see links). Even before the events of 9 October, Global Acute Malnutrition was above World Health Organization emergency thresholds in Maungdaw and Buthidaung. More than 3,400 children were under treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition in the affected area when the attacks happened and had their assistance interrupted.

http://www.unocha.org/myanmar

https://www.unicef.org/about/annualreport/files/Myanmar_2015_COAR.pdf


http://www.moh.gov.mm/file/MDHS%202015-16%20KIR.pdf




http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/2017-myanmar-humanitarian-response-plan-january-december-2017


http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2017_myanmar_hrp_final.002.pdf%2331

http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2017_myanmar_hrp_final.002.pdf%2331




Harvest and fishing activities have been interrupted and markets are dysfunctional

Hundreds of homes burnt down and more than 1,000 buildings demolished

80 per cent of demolished structures are Muslim houses

Special Rapporteur calls for international humanitarian access across northern Rakhine

The food situation has been further compounded by movement restrictions and insecurity which has made it difficult, if not impossible, for many people to harvest their crops in Maungdaw north. WFP reports that around 90 per cent of small markets are still dysfunctional in Maungdaw north. The ability of Muslim people to supplement their diets and income through fishing has also been severely curtailed by movement restrictions. Even in Sittwe and Pauktaw townships in Central Rakhine, the Fishery Department has cut the number of consecutive days Muslim fishermen are allowed to spend out at sea from ten days down to three citing security concerns and new regulations that are being introduced. Shelter needs escalate in the face of displacement, house burnings and building demolitions

Shelter is emerging as a key need in the affected areas. Human Rights Watch has released satellite images showing at least 1,500 buildings have been destroyed by fire in Muslim villages in the northern part of Rakhine since 9 October. In at least some of the villages where houses were burnt down, residents are now living in temporary shelters within the boundaries of their home village. Others have fled to neighbouring host communities and 69,000 people have crossed into Bangladesh. Shelter pressures have been further compounded by the fact that the Government has listed 1,978 structures, mostly Muslim houses, for demolition in the northern part of Rakhine State alleging they have been erected without proper permission. During December and January a total of 1,078 buildings were pulled down. Following advocacy from humanitarian partners, the Government issued orders to suspend the process and there have been no further demolitions since 10 January. An early start to the Government’s annual household survey in the three northern townships of Rakhine in December also creates the risk that those who have been displaced may be removed from the Government’s ‘household list’. Inclusion in this list is the only official documentation many of the Muslims have in the northern part of Rakhine State. The survey was completed in mid-January 2017. The forced removal of fences in many villages by security forces since 9 October on security grounds has also reduced privacy for residents and has resulted in some ponds becoming contaminated, creating additional need for water, sanitation and hygiene support. Serious protection concerns for people displaced inside northern Rakhine and in Bangladesh

Numerous reports have emerged about serious human rights violations including summary executions, torture and rape perpetrated by the security forces against the Muslim population. It has been difficult for the UN to verify these allegations due to the continued restrictions on access to communities in northern Rakhine. Many people arriving in Bangladesh have testified to human rights violations in Rakhine. The UN has expressed its deep concern at the reports and a group of UN Human Rights experts urged the Government to address the growing reports of violations. The Government of Myanmar has refuted most of the allegations. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, was in the country

Credit: Aye Win/UNIC Rakhine State (16 January 2017) - The Special Rapporteur visited Kyee

Kan Pyin West in Maungdaw north.


https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/12/13/burma-military-burned-villages-rakhine-state





Almost 7,000 people newly displaced in Kachin and 4,000 people newly displaced in Shan.

Whole IDP camps emptied in Kachin

High risk to civilians as fighting moves close to camps and urban areas

on an information-gathering visit from 9-20 January. During the trip, Ms. Lee visited the northern part of Rakhine. The Special Rapporteur will present a report to the UN Human Rights Council in March. At the end of her mission, Ms. Lee called on the security forces to always act within the parameters of the rule of law and in compliance with human rights. She also urged the Government to allow increased humanitarian access to the affected area. “Humanitarian actors are mandated to use their expertise to help suffering individuals but are currently being prevented from doing so by the Government…..Access is slowly starting to improve in the north of Rakhine state, but it remains mostly limited to national staff, with international staff stuck in towns unable to do their jobs,” Ms. Lee said.

Fears for the safety of civilians as fighting intensifies in Kachin and northern Shan

Almost 11,000 flee hostilities close to camps and urban centres The humanitarian situation in Kachin and northern Shan has deteriorated significantly over recent months as a result of intensified conflict between the Myanmar Military and ethnic armed groups ahead of the next round of peace talks in February 2017. In Kachin State, almost 7,000 people are newly displaced from three main IDP camps, as well as Mansi and Shwegu townships, amid intensified fighting between the Myanmar Military and the Kachin Independence Army. As of 26 January, a further 4,000 people are also estimated to be temporarily displaced across seven townships in northern Shan (Muse, Namtu, Hsipaw, Kutkai, Manton, Nawnghkio, Lashio) as a result of continued fighting between the Myanmar Military and an alliance of ethnic armed groups. In late November, thousands were displaced by intensified fighting in towns around the 105-mile area, restricting movement on the Muse-Mone Koe road. The displacement situation across both states remains fluid as a result of rapid changes in the security situation. Entire camps (Zai Awng/Mung Ga Zup, Hkau Shau and Maga Yang) in areas beyond Government control have been virtually emptied as a result of fighting nearby and a growing number of people have now been displaced multiple times in recent months. While people from the three camps were initially displaced to temporary locations within non-Government areas, particularly near the Chinese border, an increasing number of people have recently started to arrive in Government areas. Access for the UN and other international humanitarian organizations to many relocation areas remains blocked by the Government. National humanitarian organizations are supporting those displaced. Up to 15,000 displaced people were estimated to have crossed from northern Shan into China in early December. The majority of these displaced people have since returned to northern Shan and are now being temporarily accommodated in existing public and

Credit: Joint Strategy Team

Kachin (December 2016) - IDPs fleeing fighting near Zai Awng/Mung Ga Zup Camp





Landmines a key concern for populations on the move

159 new mine/ERW casualties, including 54 children, in Myanmar in 2015 (Landmine Monitor, Dec 2016)

Link: Read more about the landmine rehabilitation centre

Systematic restrictions on humanitarian access in conflict-affected areas.

religious buildings which have repeatedly been used to shelter various waves of displaced people. The displacement across both states is being driven by a worrying escalation in hostilities close to displacement camps and in civilian areas, often involving air strikes and heavy artillery. In one incident, two civilians, including a six year old boy, were reportedly killed when artillery shells landed in a village in Namshan Township in northern Shan on 12 January. This was the second deadly incident of this nature reported within a month. Mortars also damaged shelters at a displacement camp in the Woi Chyai area of Kachin in mid-December, prompting hundreds of displaced people to be evacuated. With fluid frontlines and large numbers of civilians on the move across both Kachin and northern Shan, there are concerns about the increased risk posed by landmines and other explosive remnants of war. New centre brings physical rehabilitation services to northern Myanmar

The first physical rehabilitation centre in the northern part of Myanmar has officially opened its doors in Myitkyina, Kachin State, following an investment of 1.98 billion Myanmar Kyats (US$1.5 million) by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The 60-bed centre will have around 30 staff and is expected, once it reaches full operational capacity, to serve up to 1,500 patients a year with prostheses, orthoses and physiotherapy. The centre will significantly increase access to such services for people in northern Myanmar, in particular those who have been injured by landmines or other unexploded ordnance.

"Previously, patients would have had to travel to Mandalay, more than 20 hours away by bus from Myitkyina, for consultations and physiotherapy and to get their prosthesis fitted," said Jurg Montani, head of the ICRC delegation in Myanmar.

The facility was recently handed over to the Ministry of Health and Sports and is the second biggest ICRC-supported physical rehabilitation centre in the world in terms of working surface area, after the centre in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Limits on humanitarian access undermine international assistance to displaced people in Kachin and Shan Almost 100,000 people in Kachin and Shan are enduring long-term displacement as a result of the armed conflict which reignited in 2011. Humanitarian access to these people remains severely restricted in both states. Since May 2016, the UN has been systematically blocked by the Government in its efforts to deliver aid to displaced people in areas beyond Government control in Kachin State. Previously, the UN had far greater

Credit: Therese Powell/ICRC Kachin State (November 2016) - A client being assessed before being

fitted with a prosthetic at the new physical rehabilitation centre in Mytkyina.


http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/landmine-monitor-myanmarburma-country-report-december-2016-enmy




https://www.icrc.org/en/document/myanmar-new-centre-brings-physical-rehabilitation-services-northern-myanmar




Link: Read more about the rehabilitation centre

Systematic restrictions on humanitarian access in conflict-affected areas.

access with convoys regularly taking supplies to displaced people in camps on both sides of the front line but this is no longer the case. The UN and other international organizations have not been able to deliver relief supplies to over 40,000 displaced people in areas beyond Government control. Humanitarian access for the UN and other humanitarian organizations is also becoming more restricted in Government controlled areas, resulting in a heavy reliance on national humanitarian organizations to deliver assistance. However, even local and community-based organizations report that they are now experiencing more difficulties in carrying out their operations. Despite the increase in fighting, the Government is also persisting with its policy that displaced people in areas beyond Government control should cross active front lines to receive their assistance at designated distribution points in Government-controlled territory. In Shan State, some of the areas recently affected by fighting, such as Mone Koe, remain inaccessible for international and most national organizations.

During her recent visit to Myanmar, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, requested permission to visit both the Laiza and Hpakant areas in Kachin, and was refused. “In Kachin and Shan states, as well as in the north of Rakhine, humanitarian access is now worse than it was when I last visited, with access shrinking month on month,” Ms. Lee said.

UN Humanitarian Chief visits Kachin and Rakhine states Calls for strengthened humanitarian action in Myanmar From 11-14 October 2016, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O’Brien, was in Myanmar to review the humanitarian situation. The visit took place only days after the attacks on Border Guard Police posts in northern Rakhine and at a time of intensified fighting in Kachin and Shan states.

During his time in Kachin, Mr. O’Brien expressed concern that humanitarian aid to some areas had recently been blocked and urged local authorities to drop their demand for displaced people in areas beyond the Government’s control to cross an active conflict line to receive humanitarian assistance. He stressed that many of those currently receiving humanitarian assistance are women and children, elderly, sick or disabled people. Mr. O’Brien also travelled to Rakhine State where he visited displaced Muslims in camps and met with displaced ethnic Rakhine people who had just arrived from Maungdaw.

Credit: Peron/OCHA Kachin (October 2016) - The Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O’Brien visited Woi Chyai IDP Camp during his mission to Myanmar.

Shrinking humanitarian access

Emergency Relief Coordinator urges equal access to health services for Muslim people in Rakhine State

Link: Read more about the Emergency Relief Coordinator’s visit • Press Release • Photo Story



http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/un-humanitarian-chief-calls-strengthened-humanitarian-action-support-people-myanmar

https://unocha.exposure.co/mission-to-myanmar




2017 HRP Highlights:

Education 141,000 people in need $7.1m required

Food Security 383,525 people in need $50m required

Health 474,228 people in need $16.5m required

Nutrition 121,658 people in need $14.1m required

Protection 244,336 people in need $20.2m required

CCCM/Shelter/NFIs 217,514 people in need $20.3m required

WASH 356,014 people targeted $17m required

Coordination and common services $5.1m required

“The recent violence in Rakhine State is deeply troubling and the immediate priority must be to prevent further violence and to ensure the protection of all civilians. The situation is affecting all communities in Rakhine and has further disrupted the provision of health, education, and other essential services for some of the most vulnerable, particularly the Muslim communities who are not allowed to move freely. All people in Rakhine State, irrespective of their ethnicity, religion or citizenship status, must have safe access to their nearest hospital or medical centre, to regular schools and to livelihoods,” Mr. O’Brien said.

$150 million Humanitarian Response Plan for Myanmar 525,000 people in need in Myanmar in 2017

The United Nations and Partners have launched a US$150 million Humanitarian Response Plan for 2017 to meet the needs of more than half a million people affected by conflict, inter-communal violence and natural disasters in Myanmar. The plan targets 218,000 internally displaced people, 80 per cent of whom are women and children, who are in camps and host communities in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine States. In addition, it identifies a further 307,000 vulnerable people who still live in their home communities but lack access to services and continue to need humanitarian assistance and protection. This takes the overall number of people targeted for assistance in 2017 to 525,000, which is down from just over a million people in 2016. The overall funding request is also down from $190 million to $150 million. These reductions reflect the end of the significant 2015 flood response, as well as efficiencies resulting from new modes of delivery. Food Security accounts for the single largest slice of the total funding request with $50 million dollars needed. In line with the discussions at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit, the plan lays out a framework for implementing the UN Secretary-General’s ‘Agenda for Humanity’ in Myanmar.

The 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan ended the year 55 per cent funded with more than $104 million received towards the $190 million requested. Despite significant needs, some sectors were very poorly funded. The sectors that received the least donor support were education (14 per cent) and health (13 per cent). In 2017, more than 140,000 children are estimated to be in need of education support and $7.1 million is requested through the Humanitarian Response Plan to address these needs. To get a first-hand look at the education challenges facing teachers and displaced children living in camps in Rakhine State, watch OCHA’s new virtual reality film: Learning to Hope.

Credit: OCHA

Rakhine State (August 2016) - A temporary learning space for children in Baw Du Pha II IDP camp in rural Sittwe.




http://www.agendaforhumanity.org/


http://fts.unocha.org/appeals/515/summary


https://www.facebook.com/UNOCHA/videos/1608387009177542/




For further information, please contact: Danielle Parry, Reports and Public Information Officer, [email protected], Tel. (+95) 979 7007 816 Pierre Peron, Public Information Officer, [email protected], Tel. (+95) 979 7007 815

OCHA Humanitarian Bulletins are available at www.unocha.org/Myanmar | www.unocha.org | www.reliefweb.int United Nations OCHA Myanmar Facebook www.facebook.com/OCHAMyanmar

Web links to new OCHA resources:

Update on Kayin and southern Shan states,7 Oct 2016

Statement by UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Myanmar – 11 Oct 2016

Humanitarian News Digest, 31 Oct 2016

IDP Sites in Rakhine State, Sept 2016

IDP Sites in Kachin and northern Shan States, Sept 2016

New displacement and return in Shan State, UNOCHA, Sept-Nov 2016 Myanmar Humanitarian News Digest, Nov 2016

Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan: Jan - Dec 2017

OCHA Update - Humanitarian situation in the northern part of Rakhine State, Myanmar, 13 Dec 2016

Myanmar Humanitarian Needs Overview 2017

Press statement, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator, 20 Dec 2016

Myanmar Humanitarian News Digest, Dec 2016

2017 Humanitarian Response Plan


mailto:[email protected]


http://www.unocha.org/Myanmar

http://www.unocha.org/

http://www.reliefweb.int/

http://www.facebook.com/OCHAMyanmar

http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-update-kayin-and-southern-shan-states-7-october-2016


http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/note-correspondents-statement-un-resident-and-humanitarian-coordinator-myanmar




http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-news-digest-october-2016


http://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-idp-sites-rakhine-state-sep-2016-a4-version


http://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-idp-sites-kachin-and-northern-shan-states-september-2016-a4-version



http://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-new-displacement-and-return-shan-state-sep-nov-2016-updated-28-nov-2016



http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-news-digest-november-2016





http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/ocha-update-humanitarian-situation-northern-part-rakhine-state-myanmar-13-december





http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-needs-overview-2017


http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-press-statement-20-december-2016




http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-news-digest-december-2016


MYANMAR

Photo: UNHCR

DEC 2016

20

17 RESPONSE PLANHUMANITARIAN

JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017

UNITED NATIONS AND PARTNERS HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM

02

PART I:

SHAN

KACHIN

SAGAING

CHIN

BAGO

MAGWAY

KAYIN

RAKHINE

MANDALAY

AYEYARWADY

KAYAH

MON

TANINTHARYI

YANGON

B a yo f

B e n g a l

Mekong

Chao Phraya

Bhramaputra Irr

awad

dy

Salw

een

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

CHINAINDIA

BHUTAN

THAILAND

BANGLADESH

VIET NAM

CAMBODIA

LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

Chinese Line

Indian Line

NAY PYI TAW

250 km

TOTAL POPULATION OF MYANMAR

51.5M

PEOPLE TARGETED

525,000REQUIREMENTS (US$) MILLIONS

$150M

HUMANITARIAN PARTNERS

65

# people targeted

RAKHINE 402,000 people targeted(including 120,000 IDPs)

KACHIN104,000 people targeted(including 87,000 IDPs)

SHAN 19,000 people targeted(including 11,000 IDPs)

% of IDPs by sex and age

Women & girls

Children (< 18 years)

Elderly (> 60 years)

51%

52%

3%

53%

50%

12%

53%

48%

7%

03

PART I: FoREWoRD BY THE HUMANITARIAN CooRDINAToR

FOREWORD BY

THE HUMANITARIAN CooRDINAToRA new democratically-elected Government, with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi as State Counsellor, took over in Myanmar in April 2016, ushering in a new period of optimism in the country and internationally. As the country continues its democratic transition and its political and economic reforms, it is encouraging to see progress being made on a many fronts. The Government moved quickly to convene a “21st Century Panglong” peace conference in line with its stated commitment to advancing the peace process. It also demonstrated its willingness to tackle some of the difficult unresolved issues in the country by establishing bodies such as the Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

Despite these positive developments, the country continues to face many challenges. About 218,000 people – of whom about 80 percent are women and children – remain internally displaced in camps and host villages in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine states as a result of conflict, violence and inter-communal tensions. Helping them to survive and live with dignity during their displacement, and finding longer term durable solutions for all of them, is a major challenge. On top of this, many people were newly displaced in Myanmar in 2016 and there are also many other conflict-affected vulnerable people who lack access to services and who continue to need protection and assistance. To compound this further, people in Myanmar remain highly vulnerable to natural disasters including cyclones, tropical storms and earthquakes. Myanmar is one of the most disaster prone countries in Asia.

The United Nations and its partners have jointly developed this Humanitarian Response Plan, in consultation with the Government, to guide and inform their activities in the country over the next year. It is based on information from many different sources, including the Government and national institutions, as well as assessments carried out by humanitarian organizations and other stakeholders. The number of people targeted for assistance in this plan

is 525,000, down from just over a million people in 2016. The overall funding requested for the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan is US$150 million, down from US$190 million in 2016. This reflects the end of the humanitarian response to the 2015 floods, as well as efficiencies resulting from new modes of delivery in some cases and stronger links with ongoing development work.

In keeping with outcomes of this year’s World Humanitarian Summit, the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan lays out a framework for implementing the UN Secretary-General’s ‘Agenda for Humanity’ in Myanmar. This includes a commitment from the Humanitarian Country Team to work more closely with the Government to build national capacity, particularly in disaster preparedness and response. It also includes strong support for localization efforts with a focus on the role of national and local civil society in humanitarian work. Emphasis is placed on the need to listen more closely to the needs of affected communities and to bridging humanitarian and development work, while maintaining full respect for humanitarian principles.

The 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan is part of a broader engagement by the United Nations and its partners to ensure that all people affected by conflict, violence, insecurity and/or natural disasters have access to the protection and assistance they need, with a particular focus on vulnerable people including women and children, the sick, the elderly and people with disabilities. I look forward to continuing to work closely with the Government, local authorities and with the broad range of humanitarian and development actors over the coming year to address these needs.

I would like to thank the donors and partners who continue to support our humanitarian work in Myanmar. I would also like to acknowledge the dedication and hard work of all our humanitarian colleagues – most of whom are national staff – who do so much to help people in need, while working in difficult and sometimes dangerous circumstances.

Renata Dessallien United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator

04


Photo: IRIN/D.Longstreath

A GIRL AT AN IDP RESETTLEMENTSITE IN SITTWE, RAKHINE STATE

05


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: COUNTRY STRATEGYForeword by the Humanitarian Coordinator �� 3

The humanitarian response plan at a glance �� 6

Overview of the situation �� 7

Strategic objectives �� 15

Response strategy �� 16

Operational capacity �� 22

Humanitarian access �� 23

Response monitoring �� 24

Summary of needs, targets & requirements �� 25

PART II: OPERATIONAL RESPONSE PLANSEducation �� 28

Food security �� 29

Health �� 30

Nutrition �� 31

Protection �� 32

Shelter/NFI/CCCM �� 33

WASH �� 34

Coordination and Common Services �� 35

Guide to giving �� 36

PART III: ANNEXESObjectives, indicators & targets �� 38

Planning figures: people in need and targeted �� 42

What if? �� we fail to respond �� 44

06

PART I: HUMANITARIAN RESPoNSE PLAN AT A gLANCE

HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN

AT A gLANCEPEOPLE IN NEED

525,000PEOPLE TARGETED

525,000

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1

Meeting needs of displaced people and supporting efforts to achieve durable solutions


Ensuring the protection of civilians


Ensuring that vulnerable crisis-affected people have access to essential services and livelihoods opportunities

OPERATIONAL PRESENCE: NUMBER OF PARTNERS

65

PEOPLE WHO NEED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

525,000INTERNALLY DISPLACED

218,000NON DISPLACED

307,000

CRITICAL EVENTS TIMELINE FOR 2016

46

35

19

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cyclone Season Rainy Season

Dry Season

Cyclone Season

250,000100,000

REQUIREMENTS (US$)

$150M

Kachin

Shan

Rakhine

Internally DisplacedNon Displaced


Strengthening national capacities and the resilience of communities

07

PART I: ovERvIEW oF THE SITUATIoN

Political and socio-economic context

Myanmar’s remarkable transition – towards greater liberalism and freedoms, a negotiated settlement to the conflict, and a more open and dynamic economy – continues and has received new momentum following the elections. The new government moved quickly to release political detainees, repeal oppressive legislation, reinvigorate the peace process and find solutions for Rakhine State. As State Counsellor and Foreign Minister, Aung San Suu Kyi has also set about recalibrating the country’s international relations and taking a more prominent position on the world stage. She has welcomed foreign investment and secured the lifting of U.S. sanctions, vital to underpinning the country’s continued economic growth – the World Bank projects that GDP growth in Myanmar will average 8.2 per cent from 2016-2020. The Government has injected new momentum into the difficult work of administrative reform, which will likely take many years; similarly there have been steps to address land rights, an issue on which there are few quick or easy solutions. At the same time, the Government is having to grapple with many of the deep divisions faced by successive administrations in Myanmar – between centre and periphery, along ethnic lines, and in Rakhine State.

In its work, the Commission will consider humanitarian and developmental issues, access to basic services, the assurance of basic rights, and the security of the people of Rakhine. The government also re-launched a citizenship verification process that had stalled under the previous government.

Nevertheless, the huge challenges and legacy of past decades have resulted in a number of serious humanitarian issues. These are primarily related to communal and ethnic divisions as well as protracted conflicts. If left unaddressed, these challenges pose significant risks to Myanmar’s stability and progress on sustainable development. The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is characterized by a complex combination of vulnerability to natural disasters, food and nutrition insecurity, armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, statelessness, displacement, trafficking and migration. The situation is compounded by chronic poverty and underlying structural inequalities and discrimination, including on the basis of gender, ethnicity and religion, which exacerbates needs and vulnerabilities of affected people in many parts of the country. People in Myanmar remain highly vulnerable to natural disasters. The floods in 2016 temporarily displaced more than half a million people and exacerbated many of the existing vulnerabilities in the country, particularly in terms of food security.

Rakhine State

In Rakhine State, inter-communal violence in 2012 led to the displacement of approximately 145,000 people. About 25,000 of these IDPs were assisted to return or relocate by the end of 2015, with individual housing support being provided by the Rakhine State Government with support from the international community. As of September 2016, some 120,000 IDPs remain in 36 camps or camp-like settings across Rakhine, of which about 79 percent are women and children.

OVERVIEW OF

THE SITUATIoNMyanmar’s new democratically-elected government took power at the end of March 2016, with a huge popular mandate from the November 2015 elections and enormous optimism domestically and internationally. State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy have brought a fresh tone and approach to government, but they face great challenges in grappling with the legacy of decades of civil war and authoritarian rule, and building on the political transition initiated by the previous government. Key challenges include longstanding tensions and a large stateless population in Rakhine, ongoing armed conflict and internal displacement in Kachin and Shan, and the threat of natural disasters in one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world.

State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi has said that advancing the peace process is the Government’s top priority. At the end of August, she convened a “21st Century Panglong” peace conference that brought together nearly all armed groups for the first time. Follow-up conferences are planned to be held biannually. On Rakhine State, the government moved quickly to form a 27-member Central Committee for the Implementation of Peace, Stability and Development of Rakhine, chaired by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi. Similarly, as part of a national initiative to resolve protracted issues in the region, an Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, was established in August 2016 to provide recommendations on the complex challenges facing Rakhine.

08

In addition, there are over 282,000 people spread over 11 townships in Rakhine who are not in camps but who remain in need of humanitarian support, bringing the total number of people in need of humanitarian assistance in Rakhine to 402,000 (see table on Number of People in Need).

Rakhine is one of the least developed areas of Myanmar, with a diverse ethnic and religious population. According to the 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Report, Buddhists make up 96 per cent of the 2.1 million people that were counted in Rakhine during the census. However, the Census Report highlights that in addition, a “non-enumerated population of over one million in Rakhine belongs to a defined group known to be primarily, if not wholly, of the Islamic faith”.

Rakhine has the highest poverty rate in the country (78 per cent, compared to 37.5 per cent nationally) according to a November 2014 report by the World Bank entitled “Myanmar: Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity in a Time of Transition”. Myanmar remains one of the 36 countries worldwide that have the highest burden of chronic malnutrition (or stunting, defined as height-for-age < –2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median). A survey carried out in 2015-2016 by the Ministry of Health and Sports indicated that Rakhine State had the highest rate of global acute malnutrition (GAM, defined as weight-for-height < –2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median) in the country. Humanitarian organizations working in the Nutrition Sector in Rakhine indicate that acute malnutrition rates are particularly high in Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, where they are above WHO emergency thresholds. Chin State has the highest rate of chronic malnutrition in the country (above WHO critical threshold) closely followed by Kayah and Rakhine States.

Historical tensions and issues of identity, religion and ethnicity remain the defining features of the operational environment

for humanitarian organizations in Rakhine State. The situation is critical for more than one million Muslims, most of whom call themselves ‘Rohingya’, whose citizenship status remains unresolved and who continue to be subject to discriminatory policies and practices. These people face restrictions on freedom of movement that limit their access to livelihoods, healthcare, food, education, protection and other basic services, making them heavily dependent on humanitarian assistance. Conservative gender norms and entrenched gender inequality magnify the impact of this discrimination on women and girls, exacerbating their specific needs and rendering them at greater risk of violence and hardship. Women and girls are at risk of gender-based violence, trafficking and transactional sex, including child marriage while men and boys are more at risk of arrest, detention and forced labour. The Government has tried to address the citizenship issue of the Muslim community through the re-launching of the citizenship verification process. However, this process has stalled due to the many challenges encountered.

The majority of IDPs in Rakhine live in collective shelters known as ‘long houses’. The long-houses and other facilities in the IDP camps were originally constructed in 2012-13 as a temporary measure, designed to last for only two years. Many of these buildings require continuous maintenance or repairs. Even then, due to space constraints the current floor size per IDP remains approximately 20 per cent less than minimum standards advise.

Even though there was a significant investment in repairing long-houses in 2016, further repairs and maintenance will need to be carried out on these structures each year. There is a lack of privacy in the long-houses and most of them remain over-crowded. A lack of privacy combined with a lack of adequate lighting in camp settings heightens the risk of gender-based violence. Further, the lack of adequate space for separate and safe individual cooking areas also creates a high

Jun 2011Mass displacement

due to conflicts in Kachin and northern Shan

Jun 2012 Mass dis-placement in

Rakhine following inter-communal violence. Government declares State of Emer-gency in Rakhine

Jul 2015 Floods and land-slides temporar-ily displace 1.7

million people mostly in Chin and Rakhine states, and Magway and Sagaing regions


2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 5

Feb 2015 About 80,000 people displaced by

conflict in Kokang SAZ (Shan State). Government declares State of Emergency in Kokang SAZ

2 0 1 3


http://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/asiapacific/files/pub-pdf/UNION_2-C_religion_EN_0.pdf




09

risk of fires in the camps. For example, a fire in Baw Du Pha IDP camp in May 2016 destroyed the homes of more than 2,000 people. There is a continued need for food, nutrition support, education and protection services in the camps, and it is vital to ensure improved access to primary health care, as well as unobstructed access to secondary health care.

In a more recent development, fighting between Myanmar Army troops and the Arakan Army in March-April 2016 displaced approximately 1,900 people in Buthidaung, Rathedaung and Kyaktaw townships. While the State Government has said that it expects these people to return to their homes soon, authorities say conditions are not yet conducive for returns due to ongoing tensions. In the meantime, their immediate needs are being met by the government and local partners, with support from United Nations agencies and NGOs. Thousands of people were also affected by flooding in Rakhine in 2016, primarily in Thandwe, Minbya and Taungup townships. The State Government, with support from the United Nations and its partners, responded to the most immediate needs of the affected people, including food, emergency shelters, non-food-items (NFIs) and water.

In Rakhine, although there continues to be some level of trading and interaction between the communities, there remains far less than before the violence erupted in 2012. Meanwhile, the continued segregation risks having an adverse impact on current and future inter-communal relations and dialogue. Ongoing inter-communal tensions continue to have a negative impact on the overall Rakhine economy, affecting all communities. This was reflected in the results of a Multi-Sector Assessment of socio-economic conditions in Mrauk-U, Minbya and Kyauktaw townships carried out by the Early Recovery Network in March 2016. The survey showed that all assessed villages are poor and suffered from the broader economic stagnation of central Rakhine State over the preceding five years. All communities are affected by the

ongoing inter-communal tensions. However, those that are most affected are the isolated Muslim communities that face severe movement restrictions.

Cash transfer programming is increasingly used in Myanmar by the Government as well as UN and NGO partners. To augment the Humanitarian Country Team’s understanding of cash feasibility, a study was undertaken in 2016 to assess its feasibility, specifically in areas of Rakhine State. The study looked in detail at capacities of organizations, market functioning, financial service providers and the Government, as well as community acceptance for future responses and potential for scaling-up. It concluded that scale-up may be feasible in the more urban areas, depending on markets, financial infrastructure, implementation capacity of partners and willingness on the part of the Government. However, for displaced populations, particularly those in camps, it noted that restrictions on movement and on access to markets are debilitating factors and leave people open to a number of protection concerns. In addition, conservative gender norms restrict women and girls’ freedom of movement beyond the home, often requiring them to travel with a male companion or remain inside the home, which greatly hinders their access to markets.

In Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, the Muslim population’s access to State schools, hospitals, markets and livelihoods opportunities is constrained by extortions and local orders that impose limitations on their rights and require them to obtain travel permits even for travel within the township. Since 2012, Muslims in most other townships in Rakhine have been barred from accessing State schools and universities. They are also not allowed to visit Township hospitals, markets or other facilities if this requires travelling through Buddhist areas, unless they have special permissions that are often difficult to obtain. When traveling, harassment and exploitation at roadblocks is commonly reported, particularly

31 Aug 2016The Union Peace

Conference (“21st

Century Panglong”) takes place with the Government and ethnic armed groups


Apr 2016New NLD-led Government

takes over with U Htin Kyaw as President and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi as State Counsellor

15 Oct 2015Eight ethnic armed groups

sign a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement with the Government

2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6

Jun 2016Floods temporarily

displace about 500,000 thousand people in Magway, Mandalay, Bago, Rakhine and Ayeyarwaddy

Oct 2015 Conflict in southern Shan State

temporarily displaces around 6,000 people from Kyethi and Monghsu townships

Oct 2016 Thousands of people

newly displaced in the northern part of Rakhine


http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/early-recovery-multi-sector-assessment-mrauk-u-district

10of women. This has an impact particularly on patients requiring second-level or specialized health care treatment such as women with high-risk pregnancies, HIV and TB patients (which increase the risk of extending the epidemic), and acute chronic patients. The townships of Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U and Minbya govern 96 Sub-Rural Health Centers, 20 Rural Health Centers, six Station Hospitals and three Township Hospitals, and yet from all of these facilities, only one Station Hospital is open to Muslim patients. As a result of these restrictions, many non-displaced people in Rakhine continue to require support from humanitarian organizations to ensure that their basic needs are met.

The top five protection threats faced by people in Rakhine are: limited freedom of movement, physical insecurity, gender-based violence, a lack of documentation, and people smuggling and human trafficking. For the Muslim population in Rakhine, a lack of civil documentation has been identified by the Protection Sector as an extreme threat as it has various adverse effects on the safety and well-being of communities. The current situation in the northern part of Rakhine State (see note below) may further compound these protection threats, which may in turn increase the risk of people resorting to irregular and dangerous maritime travels or fleeing to a neighbouring country. In general, the lack of civil documentation is a major hurdle for people as it prevents them from enjoying and exercising their legal rights, including freedom of movement, and from accessing services. The lack of personal identification documents (birth, death and

marriage certificates) and/or identity documents showing legal residence, such as national registration cards, can also affect current or future claims for citizenship and increase the risk of statelessness. Women’s access to legal recourse is severely restricted in Rakhine. This is particularly true for survivors of gender-based violence in Muslim communities, who without documentation lack all access to the legal system.

For many displaced people in Rakhine, the protracted nature of their displacement has led to increased pressure on families as they suffer from overcrowded conditions and lack of privacy in camps/shelters, limited access to livelihoods and food, increased anxiety and hopelessness for the future. Reports from the Protection Sector indicate that this has led to an increase in the incidence and severity of various forms of gender-based violence towards women and children, including intimate partner violence. Adolescents are an under-served population and they have limited access to youth services, leading to negative coping mechanisms, child marriage, child labour and risky migration.

Note: In the northern part of Rakhine, the events that began on 9 October 2016 have introduced a new level of violence, instability and uncertainty into the context. On that day, coordinated attacks on the Border Guard Police headquarters and two other Border Guard Police posts resulted in nine police personnel being killed and many weapons being looted; there were further clashes over subsequent days and another major escalation in November. A press release issued by the Government on 13 October following the first attacks

YOUNG WOMAN WITH HER NEPHEW IN THE THAR GA YAIDP CAMP IN KACHIN STATE

Photo: UNFPA/Yenny gamming


11

outlined the Government’s initial findings, claiming that a previously unknown militant Muslim group was responsible for the attacks. As a result of the attacks and the subsequent security operations, thousands of people have fled their homes, hundreds of houses and buildings have been burned, many people have been killed and allegations of serious human rights violations have been widely reported in the media. Due to restrictions on access imposed by the Government as a result of the current security situation, the United Nations has not been able to independently verify these reports. The United Nations has expressed its deep concern and a group of United Nations human rights experts has urged the Government to address the growing reports of violations. The experts have called on the authorities to conduct thorough and impartial investigations of alleged human rights violations; to implement concerted efforts to fight and prevent acts of incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence against minorities; and to allow access for humanitarian workers.

The United Nations estimates that there are currently about 30,000 newly displaced people in the northern part of Maungdaw Township. Due to lack of access for humanitarian staff to carry out a needs assessment, it has not yet been possible for the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to verify the number of people affected and the magnitude of their needs. The situation has been further compounded by suspension of the pre-existing humanitarian programmes in most parts of the northern townships, including food, cash and nutrition services for 160,000 people. A Government-led mission to the northern part of Rakhine from 2-3 November with the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and nine Ambassadors provided an opportunity for them to get a general sense of the humanitarian situation and listen to the fears and needs of some of the affected communities. In a press conference at the end of the mission, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator called for a credible, independent investigation and for urgent humanitarian access. Since then, while there has been a gradual increase in the number of humanitarian activities that have been able to resume in some of the more secure parts of Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung townships, as of the end of November 2016 humanitarian organizations still do not have access to many areas.

Kachin State

In Kachin State, as a result of the armed conflict that re-started in 2011, about 87,000 people remain displaced in 142 camps/sites, of which about 77 percent are women and children. About 48 per cent of the displaced people are located in areas beyond Government control where international actors have limited humanitarian access but where local humanitarian organizations continue to be able to operate, despite increasing constraints. Kachin State is resource-rich, but has higher than average poverty levels (28.6

per cent compared to the national average of 25.6 per cent).

During 2016 there was a significant deterioration in access of international humanitarian organizations and international staff to IDPs and other vulnerable conflict-affected people in Kachin State, particularly in areas beyond Government control. Starting in April 2016, the Government and military have not permitted the World Food Programme (WFP) and other international humanitarian organizations to take food or other relief supplies into areas beyond Government control. Instead, the Government issued an instruction requiring IDPs in areas beyond Government control to travel to designated distribution points in Government-controlled areas in order to collect any necessary relief supplies. The new restrictions on access are coming at a time of heightened tensions and increased fighting in Kachin and Shan. The Government and military have said that the new restrictions on access relate to a number of factors, including allegations of diversion of aid. They have also questioned the figures being used by humanitarian organizations for displaced people in camps in these areas. The United Nations is in the process of working with the Government to reconcile any discrepancies and to come up with a common set of figures.

Even for Government-controlled areas, international humanitarian organizations are experiencing unprecedented delays in obtaining travel authorizations for international staff and this is having an impact on humanitarian activities in Kachin. In addition, there are concerns that access of national staff of both international and national organizations may be affected by new travel authorization processes. The United Nations and humanitarian partners, both national and international, have advocated strongly with the Government for continued safe humanitarian access to all displaced people and conflict-affected civilians wherever they might be located. They have pointed out that requiring IDPs to cross conflict lines in order to receive humanitarian assistance would expose them to serious risks and would not be in accordance with the principles of humanitarian action.

While humanitarian assistance has been delivered regularly to IDPs in all accessible locations since 2011, the current lack of sustained and predictable humanitarian access remains a considerable challenge. While local partners remain at the centre of humanitarian response in Kachin and have been able to deliver assistance to remote areas inaccessible to the United Nations and international partners, support from international humanitarian organizations is still needed to complement and enhance local efforts, given the growing humanitarian needs resulting from protracted displacement and renewed conflict. Many of the IDP shelters that were put up in 2011 are in desperate need of repair, particularly in the more remote areas bordering China where they are exposed to severe weather condition. Education remains inadequate at all levels, from early childhood to secondary school, limiting


12

opportunities to access the higher education system and diminishing growth and learning opportunities for the youth.

In April/May and again in August 2016, the conflict in Kachin escalated both in terms of intensity and frequency of fighting. The situation remains extremely tense and volatile and there is a risk that new security incidents may trigger further displacement. Due to the proximity of armed personnel to civilians, there are serious ongoing protection concerns that require constant monitoring and attention. Advocacy related to international humanitarian principles will need to be further strengthened in 2017. This includes issues such as distinguishing between civilians and combatants, protection of civilians against indiscriminate attacks, protection of children in armed conflict, preventing and responding to gender-based violence, freedom of movement for civilians, humanitarian access and safe passage for conflict-affected civilians.

Prolonged displacement has put a strain not only on the displaced but also on host communities’ coping mechanisms. The Government has started planning for small projects to provide durable solutions to a limited number of IDPs in Kachin. Additional small-scale spontaneous as well as organized relocation and return initiatives have taken place in some areas and more may take place in 2017 and beyond. The humanitarian community is engaging with the Government and other local actors to ensure that international standards are met.

As in other parts of Kachin, humanitarian organizations are increasingly using cash transfer programming to replace or complement in-kind aid. Recent cash feasibility assessments suggest there may be scope to build on pilot cash transfer programmes in some areas, while taking protection considerations into account. However, additional assessments and post-cash monitoring focused on the impact of cash assistance on communities are required to mitigate protection concerns related to cash, such as gender-based violence. Assessments done by KBC/OXFAM and KMSS/Trocaire in remote IDP camps in areas beyond Government control have indicated that even in these camps, a limited switch from food to cash is possible, although rice distribution should remain as in-kind assistance.

Shan State

In Shan State, there are some 11,000 displaced people remaining in 34 camps that were established in 2011 following the fighting which erupted at that time. About 78 percent of these people are women and children. This situation has been further compounded by 16 additional incidents of displacement involving more than 12,000 people in northern Shan State during the first half of 2016. In some cases, the displacement was caused by fighting between ethnic armed group and the Myanmar army, while in other cases it was as a result of fighting between different ethnic armed groups or Militias, illustrating

the complexity of the situation in Shan State. Displacement in Shan State is often temporary, with many of the displaced returning home after fairly short periods of time. Of those newly displaced in the first half of 2016, more than 9,000 people had reportedly returned to their places of origin by the end of June 2016. The remaining 3,000 displaced people are mostly sheltering in monasteries, host communities and existing camps. The immediate life-saving needs of these newly-displaced are being covered by State authorities, the Myanmar Red Cross Society, local NGOs and local communities, but their capacities are being stretched to the limit. They are being supported by INGOs and United Nations agencies.

The Concerns and Risks Analysis that was carried out by the Protection Sector in the northern part of Shan State highlighted some key protection concerns arising from the protracted conflict and ongoing new displacement. These protection concerns include lack of access to humanitarian services, gender-based violence, forced recruitment including of children, forced labour, lack of documentation, land occupation, human trafficking, and risks associated with landmines. In addition, grave violations against children during armed conflict continue to be reported.

As in Kachin, partners have recently observed a significant deterioration in access for humanitarian organizations in Shan State, leaving some locations which were previously accessible off-limits. Limited humanitarian access has significantly reduced humanitarians’ ability to provide protection by presence and ensure a balance of aid to all affected people in Shan.

Poverty in northern Shan is even higher than Kachin, with 37 per cent of the population living below the poverty line, compared to the national average of 26 per cent according to the 2010 Household Living Conditions Survey. Displaced people have found it difficult to restore their livelihoods and reduce their dependency on aid. Restarting livelihoods in Shan’s conflict areas must happen against a backdrop of protection challenges including the cultivation of land contaminated by landmines and continued militarization. Myanmar has one of the highest landmine casualty rates in the world. Beyond mine risk education and immediate victim assistance, advocacy efforts have continued to focus on allowing for mapping of mined areas, laying the groundwork for future demining. Reduced livelihood opportunities for displaced people in Shan increase the likelihood of negative coping mechanisms, such as drug and alcohol abuse, which are leading risk factors for gender-based violence in the region. The ongoing conflict and related displacement has also strained the coping capacities of host communities.

In the Kokang Self-Administered Zone (SAZ), sporadic fighting has continued between the Myanmar Army and Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) troops, especially in the northern part of the zone. The conflict initially


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displaced approximately 80,000 people with the majority crossing over the border into China. As of July 2016, the Relief and Resettlement Department in Lashio reports that nearly 42,000 people had returned. However, local humanitarian organizations estimate that the return figures are much higher. WFP started the delivery of food assistance to the returnees in September 2015 and continues to provide basic food rations to people in the Kokang SAZ. Local organizations working in the area estimate that around 15,000 villagers from Maw Htaik Sub-Township, which is still under the control of the MNDAA, remain displaced in camps with temporary tents/houses along the Myanmar side of the border. Given the limited access to these locations, there is little assistance from humanitarian organizations being provided to these IDPs. Meanwhile, humanitarian partners are concerned about the construction of 1,000 houses in a relocation site between Tar Shwe Htan and Laukkai to relocate approximately 8,000 people from 18 villages in Shwe Yin See village tract which lies along the mountainous border between Myanmar and China. National humanitarian organizations are also providing some basic assistance to the relocated IDPs.

South-eastern Myanmar

In south-eastern Myanmar, decades of armed conflict led to a large number of people being displaced, including 106,000 refugees who remain in nine temporary shelters in Thailand. The southeast has been characterized by multiple waves of displacement both inside the country and across the border into Thailand. Therefore, accurate numbers are difficult to ascertain.

Since the end of 2015, with the new government and the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in place and a renewed emphasis on national reconciliation as articulated through the Panglong Conference, there is an expectation that the socio-political and economic situation in south-eastern Myanmar may improve and further progress will be made in finding solutions for those affected by conflict and displacement. This includes return and reintegration of refugees and IDPs and the strengthening of coexistence in communities that contain original inhabitants, migrants and those affected by displacement. However, the highly militarized presence continues to have an impact on the protection environment and while efforts to achieve nationwide peace are continuing there remains a risk of further conflict and instability.

The needs of the population in this area are closely interlinked with peace and state-building agendas and include landmine risks, land ownership and equal access to public services. Gender-based violence remains a leading protection concern, with high levels of drug use being a key risk factor for violence against women and girls in the region. In this context it is difficult to separate humanitarian needs from longer term development needs. The needs of people in this area are therefore considered to be beyond the scope of this Humanitarian Response Plan.

A DISTRIBUTION OF RELIEF ITEMS IN A CAMP IN KACHIN

Photo: oCHA


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KEY ISSUES

Meeting needs of displaced people and searching for durable solutions

Access to services and livelihoods for vulnerable people

Protection of civilians

Strengthening national capacities and building resilience of communities affected by natural disasters

Note: As a result of clashes between the Myanmar Army/Border Guard Force and a splinter group of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), a few thousand people were evacuated by the Myanmar Army/Border Guard Force to Maung Gyi Nu village in Hlaingbwe, Kayin State, in September 2016. As of November 2016, the Government continues to lead the response for about 6,000 people who remain in the Maung Gyi Nu monastery compound. The needs of these people are being addressed mainly by the Government, with some assistance from the UN, national and international NGOs as well as private donations.

Natural Disasters

In addition to continued humanitarian needs associated with conflict and communal violence, Myanmar is one of the most disaster prone countries in Asia. It ranks 2nd out of 187 countries in the Global Climate Risk Index and 12th out of 191 countries in the Index of Risk Management (INFORM). It is prone to natural hazards including cyclones, storms, floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, drought, fire and forest fires. Historical data shows that there have been medium to large-scale natural disasters every few years. Since 2002, more than 13 million people have been affected by natural disasters, including three Category 4 cyclones, several major earthquakes, and in 2015 the country experienced the worst flooding in decades.

Myanmar’s vulnerability to extreme weather was visible again in 2016. Strong winds, heavy rains and hail storms in April affected around 40 townships across Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing and Shan. From February to June 2016, Myanmar also experienced the effects of El Niño including extreme temperatures, unusual rainfall patterns, dry soil, high risk of fires and acute water shortages. Water shortages were compounded by damage to many ponds during the 2015 floods, leading to an overall reduction in available pond water. According to the National Disaster Management Committee, more than 900 villages across the country experienced water shortages. The Government distributed water by truck and provided other support to hundreds of affected villages.

Myanmar experienced heavy monsoon flooding again in 11 states and regions in June and July 2016. In this case, over half a million people were temporarily displaced and 133,000 were assessed to be in need of livelihoods support. In the flood-affected areas, immediate needs were covered by the Government, the Myanmar Red Cross Society, local organizations and private donors with support from international organizations (including a grant of US$3.6 m from the Central Emergency Response Fund). Damage was caused to farm land, fish farms, schools, roads, bridges, wells and communal buildings.

A 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar in August 2016, killing three people and damaging schools, hospitals and houses, as well as more than 100 pagodas. The most severe impacts were seen in communities along the border between Magway and Mandalay. Myanmar regularly experiences earthquakes and this is the fourth tremor higher than magnitude 6.0 since 2008. In April 2016, another 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck near Mawlaik in Sagaing but there were no casualties and no major damage was recorded. These earthquakes are a reminder of the vulnerability of Myanmar to natural disasters. They also underline the importance of disaster risk reduction activities and ongoing efforts to strengthen national capacities for disaster preparedness and response.

The frequent exposure of an already vulnerable population to natural disasters – floods, landslides, droughts and earthquakes – underlines the critical importance of building longer-term resilience. This include investing more in disaster risk reduction and strengthening capacities of local and national organizations (government and non-government) to reduce risk, plan for and manage disaster response. Women and girls experience increased vulnerability to the effects of natural disasters as a consequence of existing systems of inequality and discrimination. Accordingly, any disaster risk reduction and response activities must prioritize the equitable participation of women and girls and adopt a gender responsive approach. In addition, any sustainable response requires the participation of women.

Photo: oCHA/P.Peron


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PART I: STRATEgIC oBJECTIvES

STRATEGIC

oBJECTIvESThe overarching goal of this strategy is to support the government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and local communities to ensure that the lives, dignity, well-being and rights of persons affected by conflict, natural disasters and other emergencies are protected. To achieve this goal, the Humanitarian Country Team has agreed on the following strategic objectives for humanitarian action in 2017:

1 Meeting needs of displaced people and supporting efforts to achieve durable solutions

Support efforts to ensure that displaced women, girls, boys and men are able to live in safety and with dignity; and actively engage the government, local authorities and affected communities in achieving durable solutions

2 Ensuring that vulnerable crisis-affected people have access to essential services and livelihoods opportunities

Support efforts to ensure that vulnerable people (both displaced and non-displaced people whose lives are affected by factors such as armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, movement restrictions and restrictive policies or practices) have equitable access to essential services and livelihoods opportunities

3Ensuring the protection of civilians

Contribute to the protection of civilians from violence and abuse by reducing exposure to harm, mitigating its negative impact and responding to serious protection needs; and advocate for full respect for the rights of individuals in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law

4 Strengthening national capacities and the resilience of communities

Support efforts to strengthen national capacities to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other emergencies and to enhance the resilience of communities; support efforts to promote early recovery

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PART I: RESPoNSE STRATEgY

RESPONSE

STRATEgYThe Humanitarian Country Team is committed to implementing the ‘Agenda for Humanity’ in line with the outcomes of the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit. The team is committed to ensuring the centrality of protection in humanitarian response. This entails ensuring that the protection of affected communities informs all humanitarian decision-making and response as well as all engagement with the government and non-State actors, at every stage of the humanitarian operation, from the preparedness phase, throughout the duration of the crisis and beyond. The team is committed to solutions-oriented advocacy, accountability to affected people, conflict-sensitive and gender-inclusive programming, achieving durable solutions for displaced people and close collaboration with the government in all aspects of the response. The team is also committed to strengthening linkages between relief, recovery and development, reducing long-term dependency on humanitarian aid, and building national capacity to prepare for and respond to humanitarian needs.

The overall strategic objectives of this Humanitarian Response Plan are the following: (1) to meet the needs of displaced people and support efforts to achieve durable solutions; (2) to ensure that vulnerable crisis-affected people have access to essential services and livelihoods opportunities; (3) to ensure the protection of civilians; and (4) to strengthen national capacities to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other emergencies and to enhance the resilience of communities. All sector response plans are aligned with these strategic objectives. Any prioritization of projects, including for the purposes of allocating funds from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) or the country-based Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF), will be based on alignment with one or more of these strategic objectives.

The Humanitarian Response Plan focuses on Kachin, Shan and Rakhine states, which have the most urgent humanitarian needs stemming from conflict, inter-communal violence, movement restrictions and/or restrictive policies/practices. The plan highlights the need to build national capacity to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other emergencies. It prioritizes the provision of life-saving support for vulnerable crisis-affected people and programmes to ensure equitable access to essential services, without discrimination of any kind, including on grounds of sex, ethnicity, religion or other factors. It includes a focus on achieving durable solutions for displaced people. It takes account of broader, longer-term development needs of communities to ensure resilience to future shocks and seeks to ensure that humanitarian action links up effectively with wider development efforts. At all times, efforts will be made

to ensure that humanitarian work in Myanmar is carried out in accordance with humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality.

In the case of south-eastern Myanmar, where much of the displacement occurred many years ago, it is difficult to separate humanitarian needs from longer term development needs. Addressing the needs of people in the south-east is therefore considered to be beyond the scope of this Humanitarian Response Plan. However, subject to requests from the Government, the Humanitarian Country Team may respond to urgent humanitarian needs resulting from new or recent fighting and displacement in the south-east, just as in any other part of the country.

The United Nations Secretary-General’s Agenda for Humanity, which was endorsed at the World Humanitarian Summit, outlines five core responsibilities shared by Governments and people across the world, as indicated below:

1� PREVENTING AND ENDING CONFLICT

Ensuring a conflict-sensitive approach to all humanitarian activities

The Humanitarian Country Team recognizes the importance of the ongoing peace process in Myanmar and of initiatives aimed at promoting reconciliation, respect for diversity and social cohesion. It further recognizes that while humanitarian action may be needed to save lives and reduce human suffering in times of conflict, humanitarian action deals only



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with the consequences of conflict. Priority must be given to ending existing conflicts and preventing new ones from arising. In this regard, while advocating for full respect for humanitarian principles, the Humanitarian Country Team is committed to ensuring appropriate linkages with those working on peace-building initiatives. It will continue to adopt a conflict-sensitive, ‘Do No Harm’ approach to all its work.

2� PROMOTING RESPECT FORINTERNATIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND FOR HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES

Promoting respect for international humanitarian and human rights law

The World Humanitarian Summit reaffirmed respect for international humanitarian and human rights law as the best way to save lives, reduce suffering and protect civilians in situations of conflict and insecurity. Furthermore the Summit recognized that far more had to be done to improve compliance and accountability for violations of international law. The Humanitarian Country Team is committed to expand the understanding of international humanitarian and human rights law; to work to protect civilians from the effects of hostilities; to support the Government to prevent, monitor, report on and respond to grave violations against children; to support the Government to prevent, mitigate and respond to gender-based violence; to assist in providing essential services in conflict areas; and to assist in identifying and addressing violations and abuses where they occur. The United Nations ‘Human Rights Up Front’ Plan of Action emphasizes the imperative for the United Nations to protect people, wherever they may be, in accordance with their human rights and in a manner that prevents and responds to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law by all parties. As stated by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Principals, “this same imperative to protect people lies also at the heart of humanitarian action”.

Advocating for humanitarian access and for respect for humanitarian principles

The Humanitarian Country Team will continue to advocate for affected people to have access to humanitarian assistance and protection services in situations of armed conflict, with particular attention to the vulnerability of women, children, people with a disability and the elderly. The Country Team

will also reinforce its advocacy efforts for increased access by humanitarian actors to people in conflict-affected areas. This will be done through continued close engagement with Government authorities and other key stakeholders in both Government-controlled and non-Government-controlled areas. It will also include consistent engagement with community-based organizations, local communities and affected people, to ensure full transparency and accountability of all humanitarian operations.

The Humanitarian Country Team will continue its joint advocacy efforts on behalf of crisis-affected people in Myanmar. It will continue to collect and analyse information, to support evidence-based advocacy, using a rights-based approach. With the support of the humanitarian sectors/clusters and of its Humanitarian Advocacy and Communications Group, the Humanitarian Country Team will engage with Government authorities, civil society organizations, member states, the media and other key stakeholders in coordinated advocacy in support of strategic objectives outlined in this Humanitarian Response Plan.

3� LEAVING NO-ONE BEHIND

Ensuring a people-centred and gender-inclusive approach

The Humanitarian Country Team remains fully committed to placing people at the centre of its work, with a strong focus on vulnerable and marginalized groups, including female-headed households, older persons, children and persons with disabilities. It will continue to give a central place to protection in its work, in line with the Statement on the Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action, endorsed by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Principals in 2013, and in line with the Myanmar Humanitarian Country Team’s Statement of Commitment to Protection (November 2016). The Country Team will develop a comprehensive protection strategy that provides the focus and framework necessary to address the most urgent and serious protection risks as well as to help prevent and stop the recurrence of violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. The Country Team will ensure that the concept of leaving no-one behind is translated into concrete actions such as identifying and responding to the different experiences, needs, abilities and priorities of women, girls, boys and men affected by crisis; developing targeted interventions to protect the rights of women and girls and to promote gender equality, youth empowerment and community resilience; working with men and women to support increased involvement and decision-making of women; and mainstreaming gender-perspectives in all humanitarian activities.

The Country Team commits to sustained collection and use of sex and age disaggregated data and thorough gender analysis

“Humanitarian assistance must be provided in accordance with the principles of humanity,

neutrality and impartiality”

general Assembly Resolution 46/182, 1991

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to inform and guide humanitarian response. Such analyses will help assess the impact of different programmes on women and girls. Interventions which engage local women’s groups in decision-making and which work to ensure women have equal and safe access to cash programmes, sustainable livelihoods and training opportunities will be key components of the humanitarian response. Universal access to sexual and reproductive health services regardless of ethnicity and religious affiliation is essential in ensuring that the humanitarian response is both people-centred and gender-inclusive.

Preventing and responding to gender-based violence

Gender-based violence is widely recognized to be one of the greatest protection challenges individuals, families and communities face during emergencies. The newly-revised IASC Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action are an important resource for all humanitarian staff. Gender-based violence not only traumatizes and violates the rights of survivors, it also undermines the resilience of societies, making it harder for them to recover and rebuild. Gender-based violence has a devastating impact on survivors, but is often under-reported due to lack of monitoring and support services, as well as fear of stigmatization or reprisal. Gender-based violence is a silent crime which requires strong advocacy, often without evidence to support it.

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has called on UN Member States, the United Nations family, civilian society and individuals – women and men – to work together “to prevent and eliminate this scourge”, including by supporting the efforts of Governments to combat impunity. The Humanitarian Country Team commits to supporting initiatives and advocacy with the Government aimed at preventing and responding to gender-based violence, including supporting the Government to implement the actions under the priority areas of its National Strategic Plan on the Advancement of Women (2013 – 2022).

Ensuring privacy for affected people

Experience through recent humanitarian interventions, particularly in the flood response, has highlighted the need for private spaces as an integral part of humanitarian support across sectors and clusters for protecting relationships of couples, the dignity of families and safety of women and girls.

Improving the quality of needs and risks assessments

The Humanitarian Country Team will prioritize carrying out high quality joint needs and risks assessments, as well as analyses of vulnerability, to inform evidence based humanitarian action. The World Humanitarian Summit

emphasized the need to shift from a reactive response to crises to proactively managing risks. Planning, financing and decision-making processes must be underpinned by up-to-date data and multi-sector risk analyses. To ensure a comprehensive approach, efforts will be made to carry out multi-sector assessments in priority areas.

Ensuring meaningful participation of affected people in planning and decision-making

The Humanitarian Country Team recognizes the need to improve communication with affected communities in order to ensure their meaningful contribution to humanitarian planning and decision-making processes. The Country Team’s efforts in this regard will include strengthening feedback and accountability mechanisms and ensuring the provision of accessible and timely information to affected people on processes that affect them. Women are often marginalized when it comes to leadership and participation and are often excluded from decision-making processes in humanitarian responses. This results in a lack of support offered to them to enable them to acquire the skills and resources needed to rebuild their lives. It is critical to ensure the participation of affected people in planning processes, from the initial stage of an emergency onwards. In particular, efforts should be made to support the capacity of women and girls to participate and lead in the future. This strong engagement with affected communities will underpin the Country Team’s broader advocacy efforts on humanitarian issues.

4� WORKING DIFFERENTLY TO END NEED

Strengthening the Government’s capacity for disaster preparedness and response

To improve disaster preparedness, mitigation and response capacities, the Humanitarian Country Team will increase engagement with relevant ministries at the Union level and particularly with the Emergency Operations Centre in the Relief and Resettlement Department (Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement). It will also engage with authorities at the State and Township levels where appropriate. Drawing on lessons-learned exercises following the 2015 and 2016 floods, the Humanitarian Country Team will implement new measures aimed at ensuring quicker and more efficient responses to natural disasters and stronger linkages with national actors including local civil society and the private sector. For example, it will continue to promote joint simulation exercises with national actors for disaster response. It will also ensure that its activities are aligned with the National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women (2013 – 2022) which specifically highlights actions to support the resilience of women and girls in emergencies. The Country Team will also consider further ways to support

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the Government’s response mechanisms. This includes support for strengthening humanitarian civil-military coordination for responding to natural disasters and other emergencies through enhanced dialogue and interaction. Enhanced coordination between civilian and military actors is essential for protecting and promoting humanitarian principles, avoiding competition, minimizing inconsistency and, when appropriate, pursing common goals. In parallel, it will continue to support the Government in strengthening and complementing its social protection system, which will also contribute to increased resilience.

Supporting localization efforts with a focus on the role of national and local civil society

There was a rallying cry at the World Humanitarian Summit for humanitarian preparedness and response efforts to be “as local as possible” and “as international as necessary”. The need to support a localized response in Myanmar is an objective that the Humanitarian Country Team is already working towards. More work will be done in this respect to enhance the capacity of national and local organizations through coaching and on-the-job training in the areas of international humanitarian and human rights law, humanitarian principals, gender-responsive programming, gender equality, administration, finance, needs assessment, monitoring etc. Efforts will also be made to offer more direct funding options for national and local NGOs whenever feasible. The Humanitarian Country Team will continue to support the transition, where appropriate, of international organizations from having a “delivery” role to having a more advisory/enabling role in support of national and local humanitarian actors. Stronger engagement with local and civil society networks is critical to these efforts and support will be extended in particular to networks promoting the empowerment of women such as, inter alia, the Gender Equality Network.

Strengthening the resilience of communities and reducing dependency on humanitarian aid

To reduce dependency on international humanitarian assistance and to enhance the resilience of communities, the Humanitarian Country Team will work closely with communities, national and local authorities, and development partners to increase access to livelihoods and basic services. It is recognized that there is a need to strengthen capacities of communities and of Community-Based Organizations, as they are usually the first responders in crises. A risk-sensitive approach will be applied to reduce vulnerability by investing in sustainable self-sufficiency of households and communities and supporting stable income generation by increasing access to livelihood opportunities. Strengthening the resilience of communities is a long-term objective and will continue to require a comprehensive, multi-sectoral and coordinated approach.

Prioritizing the search for durable solutions for displaced people

In all its work, the Humanitarian Country Team will continue to prioritize the search for durable solutions for displaced people, working in close collaboration with key stakeholders, including proactive engagement with the Government at both Union and State levels. Whenever and wherever feasible, the Country Team will support sustainable and dignified returns, as well as local integration or resettlement opportunities that are based on an individual and informed choice, and that are voluntary and safe.

Enhancing the Humanitarian Country Team’s contingency planning for new emergencies

The Humanitarian Country Team maintains and regularly updates its own Emergency Preparedness Response Plan and contingency plans to support the Government in responding to natural disasters and other emergencies. In view of the evolving situations in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine, the Country Team has been reviewing its contingency plans for these states. The Humanitarian Response Plan for 2017 is based on needs identified by November 2016. In the case of the northern part of Rakhine, the Country Team’s response plan will be revised once the United Nations and humanitarian partners have been granted access to carry out a detailed assessment of needs in the relevant areas and subject to requests from the Government. Similarly, if new humanitarian needs arise in other parts of the country, and subject to requests for assistance from the Government and the granting of access, the Country Team’s response plan will be updated accordingly.

Transcending the humanitarian-development divide

The Humanitarian Country Team is committed to a “new way of working” that meets people’s immediate humanitarian needs while at the same time reducing risk and vulnerability as proposed in the Agenda for Humanity. Managing crisis risks and reducing vulnerability is as much a humanitarian imperative as it is a development necessity to ensure progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for all those affected by humanitarian crises today. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines a global commitment to leaving no-one behind. Its specific references to people affected by humanitarian emergencies creates a common results framework under which both humanitarian and development actors can work together to ensure the most vulnerable are afforded safety, dignity and the ability to thrive. The recent establishment of the Rakhine Coordination Group in Sittwe is a concrete example of the Country Team’s commitment to bringing together inclusive development planning and humanitarian action.

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MOTHER AND CHILD INTHAR GA YA IDP CAMPIN KACHIN STATE

Photo: UNFPA/Yenny gamming

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5. FINANCING: INVESTING IN HUMANITY

Investing in preparedness efforts

The Humanitarian Country Team recognizes that people in Myanmar face repeated shocks from recurrent disasters, leaving them more vulnerable with each new event and often even more dependent on assistance. It is critical for the Country Team to support the Government of Myanmar to anticipate and respond in an appropriate and expedient manner to risks in order to reduce their impact. The Country Team will work to maintain national preparedness strategies, based on credible data, to identify populations at risk and to invest in strengthening their resilience. The Country Team will also work closely with the Government and local authorities to strengthen early warning systems and emergency preparedness efforts.

Funding of national and local humanitarian organizations

The Humanitarian Country Team is committed to facilitate local partners’ access to humanitarian funding, particularly through the Myanmar Humanitarian Fund. This country-based pooled fund is a flexible, efficient and responsive funding mechanism. It aims to ensure that at least 50 per cent of its funds are channelled through national and local NGOs, in recognition of the critical role they play in service delivery and to strengthen their response capacity. This will be supported by the investment in developing the capacity of local organizations to manage funding in an accountable and transparent manner.

Scaling up cash transfer programming

The Humanitarian Country Team will support partners to scale-up cash programming as a preferred delivery model for humanitarian assistance where feasible and appropriate. The World Humanitarian Summit confirmed cash-based programming as one of the most important operational measures for increasing efficiency and supporting both people and local economies in times of crisis. Based on the High Level Panel on Humanitarian Cash Transfer’s

recommendations, the Humanitarian County Team will systematically consider unrestricted and unconditional cash transfers as an important modality for delivering humanitarian assistance following protection risk assessments. This approach will be applied in a way that provides for equitable access to cash programming, measures to mitigate protection risks identified and post-distribution monitoring to ensure its effectiveness. Cash feasibility assessments have been and will continue to be undertaken to ensure the most appropriate response modality is chosen for each situation – be it cash, in-kind or a mix – including in remote areas where market access may be challenging. The Country Team will also explore options to increase the use of multi-purpose cash assistance – which transcends cluster/sector activities – wherever possible. In 2016, approximately 40 per cent of the estimated US$10 million in cash transfer programming was multi-sector. The Country Team will continue to strengthen the evidence-base to allow for additional multi-purpose grants where appropriate and feasible. The Cash Working Group, also building on its established linkage with the Social Protection Sub-Sector Working Group, will help reinforce this component in humanitarian preparedness and integrated response plans. In this context, an emphasis will be put on leveraging such efforts to complement and strengthen the national social protection system. Cash programmes will also be leveraged to support gender responsive income generation and early recovery programmes.

Strengthening partnerships with the private sector

The Humanitarian Country Team embraces both civil society and the private sector as strategic partners in delivering humanitarian outcomes. The Humanitarian Country Team is committed to making the private sector an integral part of all disaster response and recovery planning and will pursue innovative private partnerships, particularly around the delivery of cash assistance and development of new technology to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian response. It will continue to support the newly established private sector network for disaster preparedness and response.

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PART I: oPERATIoNAL CAPACITY

OPERATIONAL

CAPACITY

# OF HUMANITARIAN PARTNERS

65# people in need by township

Kachin

northern Shan

Rakhine

Chin

Ayeyarwady

Sagaing

Magway

Bago

Mandalay

46partners

19partners

> 50,000

10,000 - 50,000

1 - 10,000

People in need by township

35partners

National and local capacity

The Union Government is the primary duty bearer in the provision of protection and assistance to the people of Myanmar. The Government brings broad capacity to assess and respond to a wide variety of humanitarian needs across many situations.

For Rakhine, the Government has formed a 27-member Central Committee for the Implementation of Peace, Stability and Development of Rakhine, chaired by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi. Similarly, as part of a national initiative to resolve protracted issues in the region, an Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, was established in August 2016 to provide recommendations on the complex challenges facing Rakhine. In its work, the Commission will consider humanitarian and developmental issues, access to basic services, the assurance of basic rights, and the security of the people of Rakhine.

For Kachin and Shan, the Joint Strategic Team (JST), comprised of nine local NGOs, is providing the bulk of humanitarian delivery in the conflict-affected townships in Kachin and Shan states. It has developed a joint strategy for the humanitarian response in Kachin and northern Shan states as well as a joint programming strategy for the safe and dignified return and relocation of IDPs. The JST collaborates with a number of UN and international humanitarian partners.

For natural disasters, the Government established the Emergency Operations Centre under the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement to support early warning and response in coordination with national and international partners. A private sector network for disaster preparedness and response has also been formed with the aim of strengthening private sector engagement and coordinated humanitarian action before, during and after emergencies.

As of September 2016, the activities of 25 national NGOs are being recorded in the 3Ws (Who, What, Where) database managed by the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU). The nation-wide floods of 2015 saw a massive response by a large number of national organizations. Although these organizations are not all officially registered, together with the Government and generous citizens, they form the basis of national response during natural disasters. Augmenting this response is the nation-wide volunteer network of the Myanmar Red Cross Society, a broad range of civil society organizations, and an active private sector. The Humanitarian Country Team has been expanded to include national actors, currently represented by the Myanmar

Red Cross Society, the Local Resource Centre, the Metta Foundation and the Karuna Mission Social Solidarity (KMSS).

International capacity and response

34 international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and eight United Nations agencies reported humanitarian/development activities through the MIMU 3Ws database. The following map shows the number of humanitarian partners present in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine states.

23

PART I: HUMANITARIAN ACCESS


Kachin

northern Shan

Rakhine

Chin

Ayeyarwady

Sagaing

Magway

Bago

Mandalay

HUMANITARIAN

ACCESSHumanitarian organizations have been facing increased difficulties and delays in implementing their activities in different parts of the country as a result of new Travel Authorization procedures introduced by the government in 2016. This has affected monitoring of vulnerable people’s needs and the access of these people to humanitarian services and assistance. In Kachin and Shan states, while humanitarian organizations have access to most IDP sites in government-controlled areas, in 2016 the government introduced significant new restrictions on access to people in non-government-controlled areas. In Rakhine State, humanitarian organizations have access to most IDP sites, but significant access restrictions were introduced in the northern part of Rakhine as a result of the attacks on Border guard Police posts in october 2016 and subsequent security operations in search of suspected attackers.

Rakhine While humanitarian organizations have regular access to most IDP camps in Rakhine, humanitarian access in the northern part of Rakhine (which was already restricted) has been further restricted by the Government as a result of the attacks on Border Guard Police posts in October 2016 and subsequent security operations in search of suspected attackers. The main challenge in Rakhine is that severe movement restrictions continue to be imposed on Muslim communities (including IDPs), affecting their access to healthcare, education and livelihoods opportunities.

Kachin While humanitarian assistance continues to be delivered regularly to displaced people in Government-controlled areas, some humanitarian organizations are facing serious constraints in accessing non-Government-controlled areas where over 40,000 displaced people are located. In 2016 the Government withdrew permission for humanitarian organizations to travel from Government-controlled areas to non-Government-controlled areas to deliver food and other relief supplies to displaced people. The United Nations continues to advocate for sustained humanitarian access to people in both Government areas and non-Government-controlled areas.

Shan Humanitarian organizations are experiencing increased challenges in reaching out/accessing displaced people in conflict-affected areas. Some locations that were previously accessible became more difficult to reach in 2016 as a result of continued fighting and insecurity and due to difficulties in obtaining the necessary Travel Authorizations.

Travel authorizations Many humanitarian activities have been reduced or delayed as a result of new bureaucratic procedures that were introduced recently and difficulties in obtaining the necessary permits including Travel Authorizations (TAs). Some ministries now require four weeks notice for TAs which are then valid for only one month (other ministries require only 1 or 2 weeks notice for TAs that are then valid for 3 months). The UN has asked the Government to consider a system of “Travel Notifications” for humanitarian staff instead of the current system of “Travel Authorizations”. Meanwhile, it continues to advocate for a reduction in TA processing time and for an increase in the period of validity of TAs for all humanitarian staff.

24

PART I: RESPoNSE MoNIToRINg

RESPONSE

MoNIToRINgThe Humanitarian Country Team has agreed on targets and indicators for each of the sectors/clusters. These are used as the basis for overall monitoring of humanitarian response. During the year, the Humanitarian Country Team produces periodic monitoring reports, detailing each sector/cluster’s achievements, challenges, and recommendations for follow-up action.In addition to the Humanitarian Country Team monitoring reports, individual sectors/clusters or agencies produce a range of monitoring reports throughout the year, and reports on multi-sector inter-agency assessment missions are shared with the Humanitarian Country Team. Publicly available monitoring reports are subsequently posted on the website of the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU). OCHA also publishes Humanitarian Snapshots and Funding Updates every quarter.

The MIMU conducts a countrywide, comprehensive 3W (Who is doing What, Where) every six months. This gathers information on humanitarian and development activities to the village level across 145 sub-sectors with 205 agencies (international and national NGOs, UN and Red Cross agencies) contributing information on their activities. The Information Management Network has developed the Humanitarian Data Standards with clusters and sectors working in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan to promote more efficient use of information gathered by field-based agencies.

The following actions will be prioritised for 2017:

• Conduct comprehensive multi-sector needs assessments in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine states;

• Produce periodic monitoring reports;

• Strengthen the data collection and monitoring of men, women, girls and boys who are in situations of disability, in particular victims of landmines or explosive remnants of war;

• Critically review monitoring results by the ICCG and HCT, resulting in resolution of obstacles to effective delivery of humanitarian assistance;

• Collect and analyse sex and age disaggregated data (SADD) across all clusters/sectors and strengthen gender analysis;

• Use reliable and regularly updated data to feed into information products and to inform decision making;

• Strengthen data collection capacity.

Photo: oCHA/P.Peron

A BOY IN A TEMPORARYDISPLACEMENT SITE INRATHEDAUNG, RAKHINE STATE

http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Ref_Doc_Myanmar_Humanitarian_Data_Standards_08Apr2015_1.pdf

25

PART I: SUMMARY oF NEEDS, TARgETS & REqUIREMENTS

SUMMARY OF

NEEDS, TARgETS & REqUIREMENTSThe Humanitarian Country Team estimates that approximately US$150 million will be required in 2017 to address the humanitarian protection and assistance needs of some 525,000 people. This is a decrease of 21 per cent on the funding requirement of US$ 190 million in 2016. The main reasons for the decrease are the following: (1) the 2016 Plan included support for 460,000 flood affected people, who are not included in 2017; (2) improved modes of delivery have led to greater cost efficiency in some areas; and (3) in some cases, there has been a re-calculation of needs based on experience to date, access considerations and capacities of implementing agencies.

PEOPLE IN NEED

525,448 Kachin 104,600

Shan 18,738 Rakhine 402,110

PEOPLE TARGETED

525,448Kachin 104,600

Shan 18,738 Rakhine 402,110

REQUIREMENTS (US$)

150M Kachin 39M

Shan 8M Rakhine 103M

SECTOR

TOTAL BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE TARGETED

FUNDING NEEDS (US$)PEOPLE

IN NEEDPEOPLE TARGETED

DISPLACED PERSONS

NON DISPLACED PERSONS

BY SEX BY AGE

IN CAMPS, COLLECTIVE CENTERS OR SELF-SETTLED

IN HOST FAMILIES

CRISIS AFFCTED AND HOST COMMUNITIES

% Women % Children % Adult % Elderly

EDUCATION 141,000 76,600 49,000 2,600 25,000 51 98 2 - 7.1M

FOOD SECURITY 383,525 356,047 188,500 3,275 164,272 52 28.6 65.6 5.8 50M

HEALTH 474,228 474,228 204,010 13,504 256,714 55 30 65 5 16.5M

NUTRITION 121,658 97,000 31,532 2,129 63,339 51.8 74 26 - 14.1M

PROTECTION 244,336 244,336 204,010 13,504 26,822 52 50 45 5 20.2M

CCCM/ SHELTER/ NFIS

217,514 203,897 203,897 - - 52 50 45 5 20.3

WASH 356,014 356,014 204,010 13,504 138,500 55 35 40 25 17M

COORDINA-TION & COMMON SERVICES

- - - - - - - - - 5.1M

TOTAL 150.3M

26


A CHILD IN A TEMPORARYDISPLACEMENT SITE INRATHEDAUNG, RAKHINE STATE

Photo: oCHA/P.Peron

27


PART II: OPERATIONALRESPONSE PLANS

Education

Food Security

Health

Nutrition

Protection

Shelter/Non-food items/Camp Coordination and Camp Management

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

Coordination and Common Services

28

PART II: EDUCATIoN

EDUCATIONPEOPLE IN NEED

141,000Kachin: 37,700 Shan: 3,300 Rakhine: 100,000

REQUIREMENTS (US$)

7.1MKachin: 1.8M Shan: 0.18M

Rakhine: 5.1M

PEOPLE TARGETED

76,600Kachin: 19,700 Shan: 1,900

Rakhine: 55,000

# OF PARTNERS

11

In Kachin, Shan and Rakhine states, humanitarian education support remains needed to maintain/improve access to safe equipped learning spaces, with education personnel trained in education in emergencies (EiE) to help children better cope with the effects of the crisis. The EiE sector plans to coordinate with other sectors/clusters to conduct multi-sector needs assessments in crisis-affected areas whenever feasible. These assessments will serve to identify and map the needs and gaps of crisis-affected and displaced.

Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to safe and equipped learning spaces and learning opportunities In Kachin, Shan and Rakhine, provision/maintenance of education hardware – temporary learning spaces and facilities, teaching/learning materials – and training of volunteer teachers continue to be key priorities. In Rakhine, sector partners will continue to support primary education services (including kindergarten) using formal curriculum and will strengthen adolescent learning opportunities in non-formal settings, with a focus on improving quality and relevance of education. Sector partners will also continue to focus on aligning humanitarian education support with formal education services and advocating for inclusion of EiE in government education planning in a conflict-sensitive manner. Chronic poverty linked with a range of supply and demand factors result in a large number of children having very limited access to quality education. Addressing these vulnerabilities is an integral part of a move towards equitable access to education in Rakhine. In government-controlled areas (GCA) of Kachin and Shan, dedicated support remains required to help extend existing government capacities to cover all IDP school-aged children. In non-government-controlled areas (NGCAs), support to education personnel, in addition to provision/maintenance of

education hardware, and improving the quality of education and opportunities in formal/non-formal settings for adolescents, will be key priorities as teachers’ absenteeism in IDP camps due to lack of incentives in combination with protracted conflict inhibits access to learning opportunities. The number of volunteer teachers will be increased through employing gender-equity strategies. The equal/equitable participation of female teachers is important not only to promote gender equality but also to strengthen the protective environment provided through education activities.

Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to protective learning opportunities with trained education personnel to help them cope with the psychosocial and physical effects of the crisisEducation is essential to protect children physically, psychologically and cognitively from the effects of emergencies. Equitable access to safe learning environments and integration of gender-based violence (GBV) and child protection components – psychosocial support, life-skills and mine risk education – along with a code of conduct for volunteer teachers will help boost the protective aspect of education. The training of volunteer teachers on the identification of protection issues (physical or psychological distress, neglect or harm, GBV) and referral to the protection pathway are a priority in all locations to further engender a more protective learning environment. In camp settings, development of protection messaging will also be key to raising awareness of parents and other community members. In all three states, conflict sensitive education initiatives will be further strengthened, along with improvements in coordination, and information collection and management.

EDUCATION OBJECTIVE 1:

1Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to safe and equipped learning spaces

and learning opportunities RELATES TO SO1, SO2

EDUCATION OBJECTIVE 2:

2Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to protective learning

opportunities with trained education personnel to help them cope with the psychosocial and physical effects of the crisis RELATES TO SO1, SO2, SO3

Jane Strachan [email protected]

BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY STATUS

STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES

CRISIS AFFECTED AND HOST COMMUNITIES

TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 35,400 2,300 - 37,700 51 98 2 -

Shan 2,800 500 - 3,300 51 98 2 -

Rakhine 50,000 3,000 47,000 100,000 51 98 2 -

TOTAL 88,200 5,800 47,000 141,000

People targeted

Kachin 17,400 2,300 - 19,700 51 98 2 -

Shan 1,600 300 - 1,900 51 98 2 -

Rakhine 30,000 - 25,000 55,000 51 98 2 -

TOTAL 49,000 2,600 25,000 76,600

29

PART II: FooD SECURITY

FOOD SECURITY

Ensure the crisis affected population has equitable access (physical, social, and economic) to sufficient, safe and nutritious food through in-kind and/or cash assistanceThe Food Security Sector (FSS) partners will provide life-saving food and/or cash assistance to 83,775 people in Kachin, 16,000 in Shan and 192,000 in Rakhine. Displaced people living in camps, collective centres or self-settled camps will be the main recipients of direct food assistance. FSS partners aim at complementing life-saving food assistance with asset creation activities, encouraging sustainable durable solutions by supporting the returned or relocated population as well as host communities. Food assistance will also be provided to vulnerable households in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine, where protracted displacement and movement restrictions continue to impede equal access to sufficient and nutritious food, and/or income generation to cover basic food needs. In Kachin and Shan, the FSS will shift from full food basket assistance to gradual reduction in the level of relief support while scaling up livelihood interventions where feasible. The FSS also aims at reaching areas beyond government control in Kachin to provide food assistance through local or community based organizations. Among targeted groups will be female and elderly headed households, while children under five and pregnant and lactating women will be provided with specialized fortified blended food. FSS will continue the food and/or cash assistance or a combined transfer modality, in consultation with local authorities and the affected communities, while closely monitoring the impact on the targeted population. A gender responsive approach (including roll-out of gender-based violence-GBV guidelines in FSS response) will be adopted in programming and delivery of assistance to ensure safe, equitable and appropriate food security support.

Enhance resilience of affected communities through restoring, protecting, and improving livelihood opportunities Livelihood interventions (agriculture support,

income generating activities and asset creation) aim at increasing access to diversified food as well as complementing family income to reduce the use of negative coping mechanisms amongst target populations. Livelihood initiatives plan to reach 49,057 people in Kachin and 76,678 in Rakhine. The response includes provision of crop and livestock inputs, vegetable gardening, asset creation, infrastructure rehabilitation and other income generating activities. The livelihood programs will promote social cohesion, strengthening the resilience of affected communities and mitigating the effects of the protracted crisis. For FSS partners, transitional and early recovery through livelihood programmes is a key priority in line with restoring productive assets and capitalizing livelihood opportunities in places of origin and host communities. In order to ease ongoing tensions, targeting will focus not only on the displaced and returnees/relocated populations, but on host communities, as well as including a focus on the equitable participation of women.

Improve the quality of food security sector response through evidence-based approach and strong coordination among intra- and inter-sector partners and coordination forumsThe food security sector also places high priority on strengthening the capacity of local and international institutions to respond to the needs of communities in a more informed and coordinated manner. A successful FSS response is evidence based, requires strong coordination at both national and sub-national levels and sets the focus on capacity building. To achieve this, a holistic approach will be taken by building upon existing preparedness, early-warning and response mechanisms, and increasing the capacity of information management and analysis across target regions.

FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVE 1:

1Ensure crisis affected population has equitable access (physical, social, and

economic) to sufficient, safe and nutritious food through in-kind and/or cash assistance RELATES TO SO1, S02


2Ensure resilience of affected communities through restoring, protecting, and

improving livelihood opportunities RELATES TO SO1, SO2, SO4

PEOPLE IN NEED


REQUIREMENTS (US$)

50M*Kachin: 15.6M Shan: 3.3M Rakhine: 31.1M

* This includes US$ 1.2 million for the Food Security Sector’s coordination and information management.

PEOPLE TARGETED


# OF PARTNERS

34

Andrea Berloffa [email protected] Shimomura [email protected]



3Improve the quality of food security sector response through evidence-based

approach and strong coordination among intra- and inter-sector partners and coordination forums RELATES TO SO1, SO2, SO3, SO4

STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 81,117 5,783 17,561 104,461 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Shan 9,136 1,602 8,000 18,738 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 140,450 260,326 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 166,011 383,525

People targeted

Kachin 80,500 3,275 16,922 100,697 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Shan 8,000 - 8,000 16,000 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

Rakhine 100,000 - 139,350 239,350 52 28.6 65.6 5.8

TOTAL 188,500 3,275 164,272 356,047

30

PART II: HEALTH

HEALTH

Improve access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters and other emergenciesThe Cluster is committed to increase its response capacity in underserved areas in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan through improving equitable access to health care. This will be achieved in seven priority areas: (i) ensuring a minimum package of primary health care; (ii) expanding referrals as required, (iii) strengthening disease surveillance; (iv) develop emergency preparedness capacity for natural disasters; (v) coordinated advocacy promoting access to healthcare; (vi) strengthening needs assessments; (vii) expansion of health infrastructure with further improvement to/construction of static health facilities. The above approach is underpinned in all priority areas by efforts to integrate humanitarian activities into longer term development planning and national structures.

Primary health care and reproductive health programs will ensure that children will continue to receive the highest level of care. Mental health and psychosocial support programs will be expanded to include counselling of GBV survivors. Initiatives to ensure support to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and those on TB treatment will be integrated into all partners’ responses. Where service providers struggle to deliver a minimal standard of care, a collaborative approach will be implemented through partners with greater capacity assisting those with less.

Referrals to secondary care facilities will be expanded, recognizing that the optimal solution for those in need is to receive suitable services from the nearest appropriate facility. A harmonization of cash transfer tools supporting referrals will be implemented. The existing Early Warning and Response (EWARs) will be expanded through the use of mobile technology for reporting. The response arm of the EWARs will be finalized and supported with development of standard operating procedures

and provision of training. The Cluster will also support the government with training on emergency preparedness and mitigation. Emergency information management will be enhanced by the introduction of a virtual Strategic Health Operations Center (SHOC). This SHOC will provide real-time updates by tracking emergencies and response efforts. Initially adapted for the protracted crisis in Myanmar it will be modified to the context of a natural disaster. In Rakhine, Shan and Kachin, advocacy efforts to ensure equitable access to health services regardless of religion or ethnicity will be coordinated and sustained in collaboration with other sectors and clusters.

The Cluster will coordinate with the Nutrition and WASH sectors to implement a multi sector needs assessment in Rakhine. An analysis of the government’s development plans, including the Socio Economic Development Plan, will be undertaken to chart a strategy to support government institutions and transition from emergency health response mechanisms to proposed developmental architecture.

In Kachin and Shan, multi sector assessments will be conducted where feasible. Efforts will be made to expand the Hospital Equity Fund to support the most vulnerable to obtain health care with dignity. Efforts by health cluster members will seek to integrate humanitarian and developmental goals and support the expansion of national healthcare service to displaced people to reduce the reliance on health partners. “Days of Peace” will be negotiated to enable immunization programs to conduct comprehensive campaigns.

The Health Cluster recognizes the ambitious objectives outlined above and will ensure that sustained leadership is secured for the cluster including in sub-national locations. These functions will be supported by an information manager.

PEOPLE IN NEED

474,228 Kachin: 86,900 Shan: 10,738

Rakhine: 376,590

REQUIREMENTS (US$)


Rakhine: 13.4M

PEOPLE TARGETED

474,228Kachin: 86,900 Shan: 10,738

Rakhine: 376,590

# OF PARTNERS

23

HEALTH OBJECTIVE 1:

1Improve access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters

and other emergencies RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3, SO4

Philip Mann [email protected]


STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 30 65 5

Shan 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 30 65 5

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 256,714 376,590 55 30 65 5

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 256,714 474,228

People targeted

Kachin 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 30 65 5

Shan 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 30 65 5

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 256,714 376,590 55 30 65 5

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 256,714 474,228

31

PART II: NUTRITIoN

NUTRITION

Improve access to Integrated Management of Acute MalnutritionThe Nutrition Sector will focus on people who are nutritionally insecure including children under the age of five, pregnant and lactating women (PLW), and caregivers of young children. Additionally, in Rakhine, the sector will focus on children between 5-9 years1 who are in need of treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM), particularly in northern townships where the prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) among children 6-59 months old is above WHO emergency threshold. Interventions will focus on prevention, treatment, monitoring and coordination, as well as resilience strengthening, which will be implemented through community engagement. Prioritized activities include nutritional screening and Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition2 (IMAM) through support to inpatient and outpatient facilities. Identified children with SAM and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) will receive therapeutic and supplementary feeding respectively. The nutrition sector will continue its advocacy efforts to ensure children with SAM and MAM have safe and timely access to treatment services.

Nutritionally vulnerable groups access key preventive nutrition-specific servicesMultiple micronutrient supplementation will be provided to children and PLW, while children will also receive vitamin A and deworming tablets. Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices will be promoted while ensuring protection needs are met through a variety of interventions such as counselling, behavior change communication, establishment of breastfeeding safe spaces, and through cooking and responsive feeding demonstrations, and monitoring of BMS (Breast Milk Substitute) violations. The Nutrition sector will focus on reaching displaced and non-

displaced people through facility and community-based approaches, addressing both immediate and underlying causes of malnutrition. Equitable access to nutrition services for girls and boys as well as male and female care-givers, particularly for those who face significant barriers to access services and experience heightened vulnerability (such as women with disability or survivors of gender-based violence) will be ensured. To the extent possible, sector interventions will complement and support existing interventions routinely provided by the Government.

In Kachin/Shan, a lower coverage is expected in areas beyond Government control. Similarly, coverage in some parts of Rakhine is expected to be limited due to inadequate numbers of implementing partners with work authorization and access to the affected communities. Nutrition partners will seek to increase community acceptance while implementing activities in a conflict sensitive and Do No Harm manner. In order to strengthen resilience to existing and future events, the Nutrition sector will support preparedness planning through prepositioning of emergency supplies, as well as build capacities of nutrition stakeholders including Government health/nutrition staff. The Nutrition sector remains committed to linking humanitarian nutrition interventions to longer-term development objectives, however, these need to be complemented by longer-term funded multi-sectoral programs, interventions and strategies that address persistent and underlying causes of malnutrition (working with Food Security, WASH, and Health sectors). The Myanmar Nutrition Technical Network continues to be an important platform for the sector, in bridging humanitarian and development agendas. The nutrition cluster plans to coordinate with other sectors and clusters to implement a multi sector needs assessment in the crisis-affected areas of Rakhine as well as Kachin and Shan, whenever feasible, to better map needs and gaps.

NUTRITION OBJECTIVE 1:

1Improve access to Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition

RELATES TO SO1, S02

NUTRITION OBJECTIVE 2:

2Nutritionally vulnerable groups access key preventive nutrition-specific services

RELATES TO SO2

PEOPLE IN NEED

121,658Kachin: 11,831 Shan: 2,468

Rakhine: 107,359

REQUIREMENTS (US$)


Rakhine: 12.6M

PEOPLE TARGETED

97,000Kachin: 10,981 Shan: 2,291

Rakhine: 83,728

# OF PARTNERS

10

Anne Laevens [email protected]


STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 10,713 894 224 11.831 51.8 72 28 -

Shan 1,201 211 1,056 2,468 51.8 72 28 -

Rakhine 22,282 1,200 83,877 107,359 51.8 81 19 -

TOTAL 34,196 2,305 85,157 121,658

People targeted

Kachin 9,942 830 209 10,981 51.8 70 30 -

Shan 1,115 196 980 2,291 51.8 70 30 -

Rakhine 20,475 1,103 62,150 83,728 51.8 75 25 -

TOTAL 31,532 2,129 63,339 97,000

1 Depending on capacity, partners may treat SAM children older than 9 years if identified.

2 Including community-based management of moderate and severe acute malnutrition (MAM and SAM).

32

PART II: PRoTECTIoN

PROTECTION

Improve protection services and protective environmentThe Protection Sector’s overarching goal in 2017 is to establish a protection-conducive environment and improve access to/quality of protection services. Specific protection activities will target the most vulnerable people, predominantly the displaced and returnees/relocated people. The Sector’s key interventions will include:

1. Develop a Protection Strategy that identifies clear strategic priorities and outlines concrete response activities; 2. Provide quality protection services including referral pathways for people of concern;3. Increase government, local and community-based organizations’ capacities to deliver quality protection services; enhance communities’ capacities to prevent gender-based violence (GBV) and risky migration practices; strengthen community-based child protection mechanisms, GBV response and psycho-social support; enhance programmes targeting adolescent to prevent negative coping mechanisms and promote resilience; 4. Respond to the specific needs of people with disability, including children, women and the elderly, and assess the barriers they may face in accessing assistance and protection services;5. Support mine/explosive remnants of war (ERW) programming, including mine risk education and assistance to victims, and continue advocacy efforts for landmine physical mapping, demarcation and clearance;6. Support the search for durable solutions; promote research/strengthen programs in the area of housing/land/property issues affecting people of concern;7. Maintain a strategy of protection by presence and expand systematic monitoring to support joint analysis and response;8. Identify and respond to protection incidents and human rights violations through strengthened information management; maximize use of the

Protection Incident Monitoring System (PIMS) and other similar tools, to inform targeted interventions, including advocacy, service provision, and community-based mitigation and prevention initiatives;9. Increase linkages with other clusters to ensure strengthening of protection mainstreaming in their response through trainings, joint missions, etc.

In Rakhine, interventions will aim at mitigating threats of violence against high-risk groups, increasing livelihood opportunities, expanding the coverage of GBV prevention/response mechanisms as well as targeted activities for children. The Sector will strengthen its engagement in solution-oriented advocacy to support equitable and safe access to services and livelihood opportunities. The Sector will also provide support to the Government for return/relocation/local integration processes in line with the principles of informed consent/voluntary return/reintegration. Advocacy with the Government on civil documentation to ensure access to basic services will remain a key priority. In Kachin and Shan, prolonged displacement and the escalation of armed conflict have dramatic impact on civilian populations, especially women and children. Innovative interventions will be required to address protection needs in areas characterized by insecurity and lack of sustained humanitarian access. Emphasis will be put on comprehensive GBV and child protection programmes for adolescents and children in armed conflict (including used and recruited). Given their critical role, most crucially in remote areas, the Sector will strive to strengthen the capacities of CBOs and affected communities to mitigate and respond to the threat of violence through community-based protection mechanisms.

Advocacy will continue with the Government and non-state actors for increased humanitarian access and respect for international humanitarian and human rights law. Wherever possible, a transition to durable solutions for IDPs and from emergency programming to early recovery will be sought.

PEOPLE IN NEED

244,336Kachin: 88,570 Shan: 10,842

Rakhine: 144,924

REQUIREMENTS (US$)


Rakhine: 12.2M

PEOPLE TARGETED

244,336Kachin: 88,570 Shan: 10,842

Rakhine: 144,924

# OF PARTNERS

30

PROTECTION OBJECTIVE 1:

1Protection services are improved, expanded and more accessible

RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3, SO4

PROTECTION OBJECTIVE 2:

2Protective environment is improved by mitigating threats to mental wellbeing,

physical and legal safety RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3, SO4

Geraldine Salducci [email protected]


* This refers to resettled/relocated

people in the case of protection

sector.

STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 81,117 5,783 1,670 88,570 53 49 44 7

Shan 9,136 1,602 104 10,842 53 49 44 7

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 25,048 144,924 51 50 46 4

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 26,822 244,336

People targeted

Kachin 81,117 5,783 1,670 88,570 53 49 44 7

Shan 9,136 1,602 104 10,842 53 49 44 7

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 25,048 144,924 51 50 46 4

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 26,822 244,336

*

33

PART II: SHELTER/NoN-FooD ITEMS/

SHELTER/NON-FOOD ITEMS/CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMPMANAGEMENT

Shelter/NFIs: Protect dignity, security and privacy through provision of shelter/NFIsIn Kachin/Shan, since many shelters built in 2011/12 have already reached the end of their lifespan or did not meet minimum standards in terms of size, structural safety and durability, a priority activity in 2017 remains the perpetual cycle of replacing sub-standard/no longer habitable temporary shelters to ensure that minimum standards are met and protection risks associated with overcrowding and lack of privacy such as gender-based violence are mitigated. As of June 2016, only 28 per cent of the target IDPs in Kachin/Shan had benefited from projects to repair or reconstruct damaged temporary shelters. Provision of individual housing solutions will be pursued if viable. Given a massive need for NFI has been addressed over the past years, future NFI distribution will be targeted only to the most vulnerable cases/new displacement.

In Rakhine, most shelters in camps were originally designed/built in 2013 to be temporary and have now been subjected to a fourth rainy season. Shelter conditions further deteriorated due to Cyclone Komen (2015) and annual flooding. While US$2.5 million was raised/spent for a major care and maintenance program in 2016, by the last quarter a critical funding gap of US$1.5 million remains. Also, no additional progress was made in building on the achievements made in 2015 with individual cash-based owner-driven shelter solutions. With resources and capacity available, the Cluster will continue to support and advocate with the Government to implement similar programmes to end displacement and move towards a durable solution. The ability to achieve results through cash-based assistance, even in the highly challenging context of Rakhine, illustrates the potentiality for this modality in the Myanmar context. Further opportunities will be explored but any progress first and foremost depends on the policy of the Rakhine

State Government. In light of acute NFI needs in some priority areas resulting from over-crowded conditions, severe restrictions on freedom of movement and access to basic services, blanket distributions in some areas will likely be carried out in targeted locations.

CCCM: Support management and service provisionIn Kachin/Shan, as IDPs enter their fifth year of displacement, the primary focus remains capacity-building of Camp Management Committees (CMC) and direct capacity support to camp management agencies to ensure that dedicated skills are in place to manage the camps in an equitable manner, mitigate protection risks and facilitate Cluster/sectors’ activities. Strategic priorities are: 1) humanitarian assistance is well-managed and coordinated; 2) participatory, gender equitable and community-based development approaches are integrated into planning and implementation; 3) when return or relocation is possible, IDPs are well-prepared to rebuild their lives permanently within a reasonable amount of time and be able to contribute to social cohesion. In Rakhine, while there is solid CCCM coverage through Cluster partners and their activities, the need to reform the CMCs remains a critical challenge. Constructive engagement/advocacy with the Government will continue as to how they could be reformed but tangible action remains critically dependent upon the authority of the State. Wider strategic priorities are: 1) Representative camp committees and community groups effectively support the coordination of humanitarian assistance in IDP camps in accordance with humanitarian principles/standards; 2) State/township/local authorities have improved capacity in CCCM; 3) Emergency preparedness and response plans developed and capacity enhanced for an effective and coordinated response; 4) Dignified solutions to end displacement are identified and promoted.

SHELTER (NFI) OBJECTIVE 1:

1IDPs receive protection from the elements to support their dignity, security and

privacy through the provision of NFIs, temporary shelter or preferably individual housing solutions RELATES TO S01

CCCM OBJECTIVE 1:

2Support management and service provision of camps to improve the quality of life for

the displaced RELATES TO S01, SO2

PEOPLE IN NEED

217,514Kachin: 86,900 Shan: 10,738

Rakhine: 119,876

REQUIREMENTS (US$)

20.3MKachin: 7M Shan: 1M

Rakhine: 12.3M

# OF PARTNERS

37

Edward Benson [email protected]


PART II: SHELTER/NFI/CCCM

PEOPLE TARGETED

203,897Kachin: 81,117 Shan: 9,136

Rakhine: 106,289 (CCCM) 113,644 (Shelter)

STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 53 51 43 6

Shan 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 53 51 43 6

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 - 119,876 51 50 46 4

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 - 217,514

People targeted

Kachin 81,117 - - 81,117 53 51 43 6

Shan 9,136 - - 9,136 53 51 43 6

Rakhine

106,289 (CCCM)

113,644 (Shelter)

- -

106,289 (CCCM)

113,644 (Shelter)

51 50 46 4

TOTAL 203,897 203,897

34

PART II: WATER, SANITATIoN AND HYgIENE

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

Ensure equitable and sustained access to safe water and sanitation facilities with good hygiene practices The protracted humanitarian situations in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states continues to require new approaches to deliver WASH services for crisis affected populations. Water supplies, toilets and bathing facilities constructed in IDP camps are temporary in design due to projected return and relocation of people. Operation and maintenance of these temporary facilities is expensive and costs in 2017 will remain high due to dysfunctional infrastructure requiring replacement. Where feasible, the WASH Cluster will seek to transition to approaches that optimize cost effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery across multiple locations. Potential transitional approaches can promote increased specialization of partners, integration with existing government/private sector activities and more consistent delivery of services. This does not indicate acceptance of camps but does seek to improve value for money of WASH service delivery until effective political solutions can be found.

For non-displaced populations with restricted freedom of movement, critical malnutrition rates and limited access to health services, WASH interventions remain an essential component to meet basic public health needs.

In 2017, the WASH Cluster will focus on the following activities to support crisis affected populations and IDPs:• Continue provision of safe water and sanitation services to 356,014 people;

• Increase opportunities for national/state Government, non-state actors, local CSOs and the private sector to participate in humanitarian WASH service delivery; • Increase integration of maintenance and monitoring of WASH services in camps with CCCM;• Conduct multi sector need assessments, where feasible, to better identify needs of the population and gaps in the provision of humanitarian assistance with a focus on women and girls; • Coordinate for the promotion of safe hygiene and nutritional practices in collaboration with health, food security, protection and nutrition actors;• Strengthen capacity for disease outbreak response in collaboration with the Health Cluster, and the State Health Department;• Develop market-based WASH approaches where feasible in collaboration with Shelter/NFI, protection and food security sectors;• Support for implementation of new government-led WASH related strategies, policies and disaster management laws, guidelines and coordination initiatives.

The WASH Cluster aims to support national emergency WASH preparedness with a focus on Rakhine, Kachin and Shan. Based upon historical needs, the WASH Cluster anticipates supporting 50,000 people through short-term WASH response to floods, water shortage and conflict related displacements. In other parts of the country, partners will work under sector led mechanisms unless these are surpassed by new disasters.

PEOPLE IN NEED

356,014Kachin: 86,900 Shan: 10,738

Rakhine: 258,376

REQUIREMENTS (US$)

17M**Kachin: 3.9M Shan: 0.56M

Rakhine: 12.5M ** Includes 0.7 M for the projected caseload of 50,000 people to be assisted with emergency WASH assistance.

PEOPLE TARGETED

356,014*Kachin: 86,900 Shan: 10,738

Rakhine: 258,376* In the event of future emergencies/disasters, the sector will support an additional 50,000 people with emergency WASH assistance.

# OF PARTNERS

16

WASH OVERALL OBJECTIVE 1:

1Ensure equitable and continued access to safe water and sanitation facilities with

good hygiene practices RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3, SO4

Sunny Guidotti [email protected]


STATES /REGIONS


IN HOST FAMILIES


TOTALBY SEX BY AGE

% Women

% Children

% Adult

% Elderly

People in need

Kachin 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 35 40 25

Shan 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 35 40 25

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 138,500 258,376 55 35 40 25

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 138,500 356,014

People targeted

Kachin 81,117 5,783 - 86,900 55 35 40 25

Shan 9,136 1,602 - 10,738 55 35 40 25

Rakhine 113,757 6,119 138,500 258,376 55 35 40 25

TOTAL 204,010 13,504 138,500 356,014

35

PART II: CooRDINATIoN AND CoMMoN SERvICES

Coordination

The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) will continue to provide dedicated support to the Humanitarian Coordinator and the Humanitarian Country Team with a focus on the following activities: (1) maintaining inclusive coordination mechanisms at national and sub-national levels to ensure principled, timely and effective humanitarian response; (2) facilitating joint situational awareness and joint analysis of humanitarian needs, gaps and response to support decision making and coherence planning; (3) facilitating joint strategic planning for humanitarian response, as well as joint monitoring and reporting; (4) mobilizing flexible and predictable humanitarian funding and ensure effective use of Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and the Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF); (5) advocating for the protection of civilians and sustained humanitarian access to all people in need ; and (6) supporting efforts to strengthen national capacities to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other emergencies. OCHA will continue to liaise with the Government, relevant line ministries, State authorities and non-State actors on humanitarian issues. OCHA will facilitate the updating of the Humanitarian Needs Overview and the Humanitarian Response Plan. OCHA will coordinate the HCT Contingency Planning Process, including the updating of the Emergency Response Preparedness Plan and joint simulation exercises. OCHA will support information management and will provide regular updates and analysis to inform partners and the international community on key humanitarian developments. OCHA will also support the Humanitarian Country Team and the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group in integrating key cross-cutting issues into relevant planning processes and response. OCHA will support implementation and monitoring of the 2017 response strategy, with a specific focus on implementing the Agenda for Humanity in line with the outcomes of the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit.

Information Management

The Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) is a service offered through the Office of the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator to provide information management (IM) support to humanitarian and development actors across Myanmar. MIMU will continue to focus on the following activities: (1) safeguarding the common data and information repository and operational datasets supporting development and humanitarian activities; (2) producing updated base and hazard maps and other information products to support preparedness, response

and recovery; (3) leading the Information Management Network bringing together IM focal points from across agencies, clusters and sectors to promote coordinated and standardized approaches to information management for preparedness, emergency response and recovery activities; and (4) providing IM support and training to Government departments and the Emergency Operations Centre of the Relief and Resettlement Department to strengthen IM capacity. MIMU makes its information and analytical products as well as those of other agencies accessible to the wider groups of stakeholders through the MIMU website. In addition, OCHA, WFP, UNHCR and clusters/sectors provide information management capacity on specific sectors/ themes.

Staff Safety and Security

The United Nations Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS) will continue to focus on enabling humanitarian activities while ensuring the safety and security of humanitarian workers as a high priority. This will be achieved through improved information gathering and analysis for evidence-based assessments and decision-making. Common inter-agency missions to areas with challenging security situations will continue to enhance access and operational impact. Safety and security-related incidents that impact staff safety, continuity of activities, or affect access, will be tracked to determine trends and appropriate courses of action. Safety and security-related information, assessments and reports will continue to be shared with implementing and operational humanitarian partners to ensure situational awareness. On behalf of the United Nations Security Management System, UNDSS will continue to function as the focal point for regular security cooperation with implementing and operational humanitarian partners. The establishment of an Inter-Agency Emergency Communications System (ECS) is subject to Government approval and efforts will continue to achieve this as part of broader disaster preparedness, crisis management, and coordinated response plans. The proposed ECS will use Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) communications and satellite communications rather than relying on mobile telephone networks and will be established to cover Rakhine, Kachin, and Shan states.

COORDINATION AND COMMON SERVICESREQUIREMENTS (US$)

5.1M Mark Cutts [email protected] Tony Monaghan [email protected] Shon Campbell [email protected]

Coordination and Common Services covers the following three areas of work: (1) Coordination, (2) Information Management, and (3) Staff Safety and Security.

CONTRIBUTING TO THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLANMyanmar’s humanitarian response plan provides sector-specific descriptions of the activities required to address the needs of the affected people, and the estimated funding requirements to address these needs. The plan contains contact information for each of the sectors. To learn more about the outstanding gaps, needs, and possible implementing partners, download the plan from:

www.humanitarian response.info

DONATING THROUGH THE CENTRAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND (CERF)The CERF provides rapid initial funding for life-saving actions at the onset of emergencies and for poorly funded, essential humanitarian operations in protracted crises. The OCHA-managed CERF receives contributions from various donors – mainly governments, but also private companies, foundations, charities and individuals – which are combined into a single fund, to be used for crises anywhere in the world. Between 2006 and 2016, CERF has provided Myanmar with $104 million to address priority life-saving needs. Find out more about the CERF and how to donate by visiting the CERF website:

www.unocha.org/ cerf/our-donors/ how-donate

DONATING THROUGH THE MYANMAR HUMANITARIAN FUNDThe Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF) is a multi-donor pooled fund that provides humanitarian organizations with rapid and flexible in-country funding to address critical funding gaps in the core humanitarian response, and to respond quickly to urgent emergency needs. Further information on country-based pooled funds can be found here:

http://www.unocha.org/myanmar/humanitarian-financing/myanmar-humanitarian-fund-mhf

To learn more about the MHF, please send an email to:

[email protected]

IN-KIND RELIEF AIDThe United Nations urges donors to make cash rather than in-kind donations, for maximum speed and flexibility, and to ensure the aid materials that are most needed are the ones delivered. If you can make only in-kind contributions in response to disasters and emergencies, please contact:

[email protected]

HRP

REGISTERING AND RECOGNIZING YOUR CONTRIBUTIONSOCHA manages the Financial Tracking Service (FTS), which records all reported humanitarian contri-butions (cash, in-kind, multilateral and bilateral) to emergencies. Its aim is to give credit and visibility to donors for their generosity and to show the total amount of funding and resource gaps in humanitarian appeals. Please report your contributions to FTS, either by email to [email protected] or through the on-line contribution report form at http://fts.unocha.org.

GUIDE TO GIVING

37


GUIDE TO GIVING

Objectives, indicators & targets �� 38

Planning figures: people in need and targeted �� 42

What if? �� we fail to respond �� 44

PART III: ANNEXES

38

PART III - ANNEXES: oBJECTIvES, INDICAToRS & TARgETS

OBJECTIVES, INDICATORS & TARGETS

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, INDICATORS AND TARGETS

Education Objective 1: Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to safe and equipped learning spaces and learning opportunities

INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET

Number of targeted children continuously accessing pre-primary/primary education aligned with formal curricula

81,883Kachin: 19,772

Shan: 3,200 Rakhine: 58,911

38,942Kachin: 4,152

Shan: 672 Rakhine: 34,118

51,720Kachin: 11,178


Number of targeted adolescents continuously accessing post-primary learning opportunities

58,153Kachin: 19,772


9,754Kachin: 3,954


25,705Kachin: 9,926


Education Objective 2: Crisis-affected girls and boys have improved access to protective learning opportunities with trained education personnel to help them cope with psychosocial and physical effects of the crisis


Number of targeted children learning in classes taught by education personnel trained in EiE, including life-skills and other child protection components

99,326Kachin: 19,772


23,354Kachin: 3,954


34,788Kachin: 6,858


SECTOR OBJECTIVES, INDICATORS AND TARGETS

Food Security Objective 1: Ensure crisis affected population has equitable access (physical, social, and economic) to sufficient, safe and nutritious food through in-kind and/or cash assistance


Number of people who received food and/or cash assistance. 317,691Kachin: 88,600

Shan: 18,738 Rakhine: 210,353

273,480Kachin: 94,043

Shan: 16,305 Rakhine: 163,132

281,775Kachin: 83,775

Shan: 16,000 Rakhine: 182,000

Percentage of households with an adequate Food Consumption Score (FCS>35)

80% 80% 80%

Food Security Objective 2: Enhance resilience of affected communities through restoring, protecting, and improving livelihood opportunities


Number of people/household who received agriculture support, contributing to household food security

150,426Kachin: 40,132

Rakhine: 110,294

73,190Kachin: 5,353

Rakhine: 67,837

115,905Kachin: 39,227

Rakhine: 76,678

Number of people/household who received non-agricultural livelihood support to supplement their family income

17,380Kachin: 17,380

9,830Kachin: 9,830

9,830Kachin: 9,830

relates to S01, S02

relates to S01, S02, S03

relates to S01, SO2

relates to S01, SO2, SO4

39




Health Objective 1: Improve access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters and other emergencies


Number of affected population utilizing primary health care services 474,228Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 376,590

111,650Kachin: 29,059/quarter

Shan: 3,591/quarter Rakhine: 79,000/quarter

163,300Kachin: 51,888

Shan: 6,412 Rakhine: 105,000


Nutrition Objective 1: Improve access to Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition


Number of children aged 6-59 months with severe acute malnutrition admitted to therapeutic care

15,655 Rakhine: 15,655

13,853 Rakhine: 13,853

15,655 Rakhine: 15,655

Number of children aged 60-119 months with severe acute malnutrition admitted to therapeutic care

3,500 Rakhine: 3,500

3,484 Rakhine: 3,484

3,500 Rakhine: 3,500

Number of children aged 6-59 months with moderate acute malnutrition admitted to therapeutic care

61,191 Rakhine: 61,191

2,917 Rakhine: 2,917

31,606 Rakhine: 31,606

Cure rate among SAM and MAM children 6-59 monthsDeath rate among SAM and MAM children 6-59 months Defaulter rate among SAM and MAM children 6-59 months

N/A Rakhine: Cure rate 83.6%

Death rate: 0.3%Defaulter rate: 8.3%

Stabilization center Cure rate > 75%

Death rate < 10%Defaulter rate < 15%

Outpatient programme Cure rate > 75%

Death rate < 10%Defaulter rate < 15%

Supplementary feeding programme

Cure rate > 75%Death rate < 3%

Defaulter rate < 15%

relates to S01, S02, S03, S04

relates to S01, S02

40



Nutrition Objective 2: Nutritionally vulnerable groups access key preventive nutrition-specific services


Number of pregnant and lactating women who receive messages on infant and young child feeding*

41,789 Kachin: 3,317


22,634 Kachin: 3,306


25,115 Kachin: 3,317


*IYCF messages in emergencies will focus on early initiation of Breastfeeding, Exclusive Breastfeeding, adequate complementary feeding and continued breastfeeding until 2 years


Protection Objectives 1 & 2: Protection services are improved, expanded and more accessible; Protective environment is improved by mitigating threats to mental wellbeing, physical and legal safety


Number of people in need with access to minimum available protection services

244,252Kachin: 88,613

Shan: 10,801 Rakhine: 144,838

TBDKachin: TBD

Shan: TBD Rakhine: TBD

244,252Kachin: 88,613

Shan: 10,801 Rakhine: 144,838

Number of people in need with access to minimum available protection services (Child Protection)

170,974Kachin: 62,028

Shan: 7,560 Rakhine: 101,386

TBDKachin: TBD


170,974Kachin: 62,028

Shan: 7,560 Rakhine: 101,386

Number of people in need with access to minimum available protection services (Gender-Based Violence)

69,532Kachin: 23,926


TBDKachin: TBD


69,532Kachin: 23,926



Shelter (NFI) Objective 1: IDPs receive protection from the elements to support their dignity, security and privacy through the provision of NFIs, temporary shelter or preferably individual housing solutions


Number of IDPs with access to temporary shelter in accordance with minimum standards

217,514Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine:119,876

149,173Kachin: 63,437


202,801Kachin: 80,021

Shan: 9,136 Rakhine: 113,644

CCCM Objective 1: Support management and service provision of camps to improve the quality of life for the displaced


Number of IDPs in camp/camp-like settings that have equitable access to basic services

217,514Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine:119,876

195,446Kachin: 80,021

Shan: 9,136 Rakhine: 106,289

195,446Kachin: 80,021

Shan: 9,136 Rakhine: 106,289

relates to S02


relates to S01

relates to S01, S02

41




WASH Overall Objective: Ensure equitable and sustainable access to safe water and sanitation facilities with good hygiene practices

WASH Sub-Objective 1: People have equitable and continuous access to sufficient quantity of safe drinking and domestic water


Number of people with equitable and continuous access to sufficient quantity of safe drinking and domestic water

356,014 Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376

265,255 Kachin: 45,820

Shan: 7,332 Rakhine: 212,103

356,014 Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376

WASH Sub-Objective 2: People have equitable access to safe and sustainable sanitation and live in a non-contaminated environment


Number of people with equitable access to safe and continuous sanitation facilities

356,014 Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376

341,561 Kachin: 63,424

Shan: 7,531 Rakhine: 270,606

356,014Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376

WASH Sub-Objective 3: People adopt basic personal and community hygiene practices


Number of people adopting basic personal and community hygiene practices

356,014 Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376

218,373 Kachin: 40,969

Shan: 5,750 Rakhine: 171,654

356,014 Kachin: 86,900

Shan: 10,738 Rakhine: 258,376


KACHIN DISPLACED PERSONS1 NON-DISPLACED

PERSONSTOTAL

IDPs in camps, collective centres or self-settled IDPs in host families

TOTAL IDPS



KACHIN STATEGovernment controlled areas




BHAMO 6,955 - 989 - 7,944 5,500 13,444

CHIPWI 1,630 1,019 - - 2,649 - 2,649

HPAKANT 3,867 - - - 3,867 - 3,867

KHAUNGLANHPU 17 - - - 17 - 17

MANSI 7,054 4,517 1,090 - 12,661 3,200 15,861

MOGAUNG 353 - 83 - 436 - 436

MOHNYIN 121 - 217 - 338 300 638

MOMAUK 5,430 9,141 1,563 - 16,134 4,000 20,134

MYITKYINA 5,959 - - - 5,959 1,7003 7,659

PUTA-O 268 - 120 - 388 - 388

SHWEGU 400 - 30 1,691 2,121 - 2,121

SUMPRABUM 1,232 - - - 1,232 - 1,232

WAINGMAW 7,578 25,576 - - 33,154 3,000 36,154

TOTAL KACHIN 40,864 40,253 4,092 1,691 86,900 17,700 104,600

PEOPLE IN MYANMAR TARGETED BY THE HUMANITARIANCOUNTRY TEAM IN 2017

SHANDISPLACED PERSONS1 NON-DISPLACED

PERSONSTOTAL


TOTAL

IDPS



SHAN STATEGovernment controlled areas




HSENI 260 - - 392 652 - 652

KUTKAI 5,071 - - - 5,071 - 5,071

MANTON 530 - - - 530 - 530

MUSE 322 - - 690 1,012 - 1,012

NAMHKAN 2,832 - - - 2,832 - 2,832

NAMTU 121 - 520 - 641 - 641

KOKANG SAZ4 - - - - - 8,000 8,000

TOTAL SHAN 9,136 - 520 1,082 10,738 8,000 18,738

43

PART III - ANNEXES: PLANNINg FIgURES: PEoPLE IN NEED AND TARgETED

PLANNING FIGURES: PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED

RAKHINEDISPLACED PERSONS1 NON-DISPLACED

PERSONSTOTAL


TOTAL IDPS

Other crisis affected people and host communities2

TOWNSHIP

RAKHINE STATE

BUTHIDAUNG - - - 40,000 40,000

KYAUK-PHYU 1,601 - 1,601 500 2,101

KYAUKTAW 546 - 546 19,651 20,197

MAUNGDAW 1,148 - 1,148 156,681 157,829

MINBYA - - - 10,638 10,638

MRAUK-U - - - 8,826 8,826

MYEBON 2,718 - 2,718 204 2,922

PAUKTAW 15,942 - 15,942 9,669 25,611

PONNAGYUN - - - 4,000 4,000

RAMREE 264 - 264 1,500 1,764

RATHEDAUNG 3,566 3,566 26,565 30,131

SITTWE 87,972 6,119 94,091 4,000 98,091

TOTAL RAKHINE 113,757 6,119 119,876 282,234 402,110

TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED/ TARGETED

217,514 307,934 525,448

1. Figures provided by the Camp Management and Camp Coordination Cluster (Kachin - Sep 2016, Rakhine - Sep 2016). Please note that these figures do not include new displacement in Shan (due to the recent conflicts) and in Rakhine (due to clashes between the Arakan Army and the Myanmar military, and displacement in the northern part of Rakhine resulting from the attacks on Border Guard Police posts in October 2016 and subsequent security operations). The Government has informed the UN that its own figures for IDPs in camps are different. The UN is in the process of working with the Government to reconcile any discrepancies and to come up with a common set of figures.2. This includes some former IDPs (returnees or relocated IDPs).3. The General Administration Department’s latest estimate for resettled IDPs in PaLaNa resettlement area. 4. Displaced people who returned to Kokang and who are currently receiving food assistance from WFP.

44

PART III - ANNEXES: PLANNINg FIgURES: PEoPLE IN NEED AND TARgETED

WHAT IF?��WE FAIL TO RESPOND

UNSAFE WATER, HYGIENE AND SANITATION WILL EXPOSE THOUSANDS TO DISEASESWithout continued support from humanitarian organizations, over 356,000 people will not have adequate access to safe water, hygiene and basic sanitation. Outbreaks of preventable communicable and water-borne diseases could occur. Young children are the first to get sick and die from waterborne and sanitation-related illnesses. Poor living conditions of the displaced in overcrowded camps and collective shelters could further exacerbate the risk of illness and death from diseases. In Rakhine, water scarcity during the dry season usually leaves more than 20,000 people at risk each year.

INCREASED RISK OF FOOD INSECURITY FOR VULNERABLE PEOPLEThe food security status of over 356,000 people in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states will further degrade without well-coordinated and evidence-based food assistance and livelihood support. Reduced access to safe and nutritious food may result in increased malnutrition, intensified use of negative coping strategies and overall deterioration of food security. In addition, the current inequalities in access to food may exacerbate the growing tensions between vulnerable groups.

LACK OF ADEQUATE HEALTH SERVICES CAN LEAD TO LOSS OF LIVESWithout continued life-saving support from humanitarian organizations in the health sector, over 474,000 people in Myanmar will be at serious risk, with consequences for communities at every level. Without primary health care, children will be at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. Common ailments left untreated may progress to morbidity and mortality. Women with no access to reproductive care are at far greater risk of further complications.

INADEQUATE SHELTER EXPOSES FAMILIES TO MULTIPLE RISKSWithout the support and expertise provided by humanitarian organizations, over 200,000 displaced people in camps, including small children, elderly people, women and men will be exposed to undignified living conditions and unnecessary risks. Many existing temporary shelters have already reached the end of their lifespan and many displaced people are still living in sub-standard shelters. Assistance must continue to address these evolving needs to reduce their exposure to health and protection risks.

SHRINKING PROTECTION SPACE FOR THOSE MOST IN NEEDWithout continued support from humanitarian organizations working to ensure the protection of 244,000 IDPs and other affected individuals, including the most vulnerable, many will continue to be exposed to protection risks. In Kachin and Shan, on-going conflict continues to cause displacement, risks associated with mines, gender-based violence and grave violations against children. In Rakhine, prolonged displacement, restrictions on freedom of movement, inadequate documentation and discriminatory practices continue to affect lives often resulting in high levels of psychosocial distress and negative coping mechanisms that heighten protection risks.

This document was prepared by the Myanmar Humanitarian Country Team (United Nations and Partners). It provides the Humanitarian Country Team’s shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian needs, and reflects its joint humanitarian response planning.

The designation employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Humanitarian Country Team concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

www.unocha.org/myanmar www.facebook.com/OCHAMyanmar

MORE CHILDREN WILL MISS OUT ON QUALITY EDUCATIONEducation remains a priority component of emergency assistance revitalizing the morale and wellbeing of children affected by conflict and displacement. Without funding, over 76,000 children and adolescents will not have the opportunity to develop basic literacy and life skills in a safe and protective environment. IDP children may drop out of education opportunities, which increases their risk of trafficking, risky migration or labour exploitation.

DISPLACEMENT

ACCESS

21 townships where humanitarian organizations have limited/restricted access


Over the past six months Myanmar has experienced a surge in new displacement in four states, while humanitarian organizations simultaneously faced severe constraints on access. Border post attacks on 9 Oct 2016 and subsequent security operations triggered a new humanitarian crisis in northern Rakhine. Intensified conflict resulted in new displacement in Kachin and northern Shan. Thousands were also relocated in Kayin State due to fighting in Sep 2016.

Population in camps/sites by age and sex*

Sep 2016

Relocation of peoplein Kayin due to fighting

Attacks and operationsin northern Rakhinecausing massivedisplacement

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7April 2017Cycloneseason begins

March 2017Beginningof dry season

June 2017Beginningof rainyseason

inc. 220,000 long term IDPsin 224 IDP camps/sites

260,000 currently displaced

Rakhine

Kachin

Shan

Children Elderly

52% of IDPs arewomen and girls*

Today

Surge in displacementin northern Shan atthe Chinese borderdue to fighting

Dec 2016New displaced peoplein Kachin & Shandue to conflicts

24,000

42,000

Kachin/northern Shan

Shan

northernRakhine

1,000

# displaced people in areas where access tointernationalstaff is notgranted

* based on available data: 86% of Myanmar IDP sites

New displacement since Sep ‘16 by region/state(in thousands)

SHAN

KACHIN

SAGAING

CHIN

BAGO

MAGWAY

RAKHINE

TANINTHARYI

MANDALAY

AYEYARWADY

KAYAH

KAYIN

YANGON

MON

INDIA

CHINA

THAILAND

BANGLADESH

LAOS

Bago

Dawei

Hakha

Yangon

Sittwe

Loikaw

Hpa-An

Mawlamyine

Sagaing Mandalay

Pathein

Taunggyi

Myitkyina

Nay Pyi Taw

Magway

Irra

wadd

y

Salw

een

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.Creation date: 05 Mar 2017 Sources: CCCM Cluster, UNHCR, UN & humanitarian org. in Bangladesh, WFP, OCHA. Feedback: [email protected]

200 Km

Bay ofBengal

Andaman Sea

Kachin/Shan

www.facebook.com/[email protected]

25,000

25,000

20

77

5

97

828

5

Returned/relocated

Currently newlydisplaced

Displacedsince Sep’16

Approx. 74 thousand people who fled to Bangladesh

Rakhine Kachin KayinShan

52%49%50% 12%

7%4%

Restricted humanitarian access (only national staff permitted to work outside main towns)

Restricted humanitarian access. No access to areas controlled by armed groups permitted by Government

Rakhine

100

50

10

Internally displaced people in camps/sites

# people displaced(in thousands)

New arrivals in Bangladesh since 9 Oct ‘16

Population movement

IDP camps/sites (CCCM update of Nov 2017)

Myanmar: Humanitarian Snapshot (03 Mar 2017)

Creation date: 25 Jan 2017 Sources: CCCM Cluster, OCHA, MIMU Feedback: [email protected] www.unocha.org/myanmar www.reliefweb.int

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PUTA-O

HPAKANT

MOHNYIN

MYITKYINA

TANAI

INJANGYANG

TSAWLAW

KUTKAI

CHIPWI

MANSI

WAINGMAW

SUMPRABUM

SHWEGU

KHAUNGLANHPUMACHAMBAW

NOGMUNG

MOGAUNG

MANTON

MUSE

MOMAUK

HSENI

BHAMO

NAMTU

NAMHKAN

40 km

KACHIN

SHANNORTH

INDIA

MYANMAR

INDIA

CHINA

THAILAND

CHINA

99,028 internally displaced people

188 IDP sites

IDP sites

IDP sites in areas controlled by armed groups or contested areas

1 - 5,000

5,000 - 50,000

> 50,000

# IDPs by township

Figures for IDP camps/sites provided by UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations (Camp Coordination

and Camp Management Cluster)

Kachin86,059

northern Shan

12,969

Myanmar: IDP sites in Kachin and northern Shan states (Nov 2016)

• သြားလာခြငအကန႔႔အသတမားေၾကာင ရခင

ျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးတြင လသားခငးစာနာ

မႈအကအညေပးေရးလပငနးမား ေႏာငေႏး။

• တကပြမား အရနအဟန ျမငလာမႈေၾကာင

ကခငျပညနယႏင ရမးျပညနယတြင အရပ

သားမားလၿခေရးအႏရာယမား ႀကေတြ႕ေန

ရၿပး၊ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငမႈမားျဖစေပၚေစ။

• အေရးေပၚအေျခအေန ကယဆယ တ႔ျပန

ေရးဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉး ျမနမာႏငငသ႔

လာေရာကခၿပး၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ

အကအညမားေပးအပႏငရန သြားလာခြင

ပမရရေရးႏင အရပသားမားအား ကာကြယ

ေစာငေရာကေရးက တးျမႇင ေဆာငရြကရန

ေတာငးဆ။

• ၂၀၁၇ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ တ႔ျပန

ေဆာငရြကေရး စမကနးမ အကအညလအပ

ေနသ ၅၂၅,၀၀၀ အား အကအညမား

ေပးအပႏငရန အေမရကနေဒၚလာ သနး

၁၅၀ေတာငးခခ။

ကခငရေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသမား

၈၇,၀၀၀

ရမးရေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသမား

၁၁,၀၀၀

ရခငရေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသမား

၁၂၀,၀၀၀

ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာရမႈမရ ေသာလညးထခကမႈရသမား

၃၀၇,၀၀၀

၁၉ဝ သနး (အေမရကနေဒၚလာ)ေတာငးခခ ၅၅ % ရရခ

၁၅ဝ သနး (အေမရကနေဒၚလာ)ေတာငးခထား

၃% ရရျပး

*မလရေနၿပးေသာ ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ စခနးမား/ယာယေနရာမားရ လဥးေရ။ လတတေလာ ျဖစေပၚေသာ ေနရပစြနခြာတမးေရာငမႈမား မပါဝငပါ။

ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပ ငးရ ရတပစခနးမားအား ေအာကတဘာလအတြငးက ဝငေရာကတကခ ကမႈမား ျဖစပြားခ ၿပးေနာက အနညးဆး လဥးေရ ၉၂၀၀၀ ခန ႔ ေနရပစြန ႔ခြာ တမးေရာငခရ

၂၀၁၆ ခနစ၊ ေအာကတဘာလ ၉ရကေန႔တြင ရတပဖြ႔ဝင (၉) ဥး အသကဆးရႈးခရသည ရခငျပညနယ၊ နယျခားေစာငရစခနးမား တကခကခရမႈမားႏင ေနာကဆကတြ လၿခေရးေဆာငရြကမႈမားေၾကာင ရခငျပညနယ တြငလသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအကအညမားလအပသည အေျခအေနမားထပမျဖစေပၚလာခပါသည။ အနညးဆး လဥးေရ ၉၂၀၀၀ ခန႔မာ ၎တ႔၏ အးအမမားက စြန႔ခြာထြက ေျပးခရၿပး၊ အးအမအေဆာကအအေပါငး ရာႏင ခ၍ မးေလာင ပကစးခကာ၊ လေပါငးမားစြာ ေသဆးမႈမားရခၿပး၊ ျပငးထနေသာ လ႔အခြငအေရးခးေဖာကမႈမားႏင စပလဥးသညစြဆခကမားထြကေပၚလာခပါသည။ ႏငငေတာအစးရမ သြားလာခြငမား ကန႔သတထားသည အတြကကလသမဂၢအေနျဖငအဆပါအခြငအေရးခးေဖာကမႈဆငရာအေျခအေနမားကလြတလပစြာစစမး အတည ျပႏငျခငးမရေသးပါ။ ဘဂၤလားေဒရႏငငရ ကလသမဂၢအဖြ႔အစညးမား၏ ခန႔မနးထတျပနခကအရ ယငးတကခက မႈမားျဖစပြားၿပးေနာက လေပါငး ၆၉၀၀၀ ခန႔သည နယစပျဖတေကာ၍ ဘဂၤလားေဒရႏငငတြငးသ႔ ထြကေျပး တမးေရာငခၿပး၊ လဥးေရ ၂၃,၀၀၀ ေကာ (အမးသမး/မနးကေလးငယ ၁၂,၃၀၀ ေကာ၊ အမးသား/ ေယာကား ေလး ၁၁,၁၀၀ ေကာ)မာ ေမာငေတာေဒသ ေျမာကပငးတြင ဆကလက ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာင လကရသညဟ ကလသမဂၢမကခန႔မနးပါသည။ ထေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားတြင အမားစသည ၎တ႔ကယက ရဟငဂာဟ ေခၚၾကသည မြတစလင မားျဖစၾကၿပး ၊ အျခားလမးမားမာလညး ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ တမးေရာငခၾကရပါသည။ ေနရပ စြန႔ခြာ တမးေရာငခရသည ရခင ႏင ၿမလမး အမားစမာယခအခါတြင ၎တ႔ ေကးရြာ မားသ႔ျပနသြားႏငခၾကေသာလညး၊ ေမာင ေတာႏင ဘးသး ေတာငတြင ရခင ႏင ၿမ လမး (၂၇၂) ဥး ခန႔ ဆကလက ေနရပ စြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငဆျဖစပါသည။ ရခငျပည နယေျမာကပငးတြင လၿခေရး ေဆာငရြက မႈမားက ဆကလက ေဆာငရြကလက ရၿပး၊ ညမထြကရ အမန႔က ထတျပနထား ဆျဖစပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးတြင ကလသမဂၢ

ႏင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအည

ေပးေရး အဖြ႔အစညးမားမ ေဆာငရြကလကရသည ဝနေဆာငမႈ အမားစ သးလၾကာ ျပတေတာကခၿပးေနာက

ဓာတပ - ကမာၻ႔စားနပရကၡာအစအစဥ

ေမာငေတာ၊ ရခငျပညနယ။ (ႏဝငဘာ ၉ရက၊ ၂၀၁၆) - ေမာငေတာ ျမ႕နယ၊ ဇငပငညာေကး ရြာတြင ကမာၻ႔စားနပရကၡာအစအစဥ မ ပပးေသာအစားအစာ

မားအား ျဖန႔ေဝေပးစဥ။

လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ သတငးလႊာ ျမနမာႏငင စာစဥ ၄ ၂၀၁၆ | ေအာကတဘာ ၂၀၁၆ - ဇနနဝါရ ၂၀၁၇

ရခငျပညနယတြငး လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အေျခအေနမား စာ-၁

ကခငျပညနယႏင ရမးျပညနယတြငး ပဋပကၡမား စာ-၅ ေျမျမႇပမငးဒဏ ခစားခရသမားအတြက ျပနလည

ထေထာငေရး စငတာအသစ စာ-၇ ကလသမဂၢ၏ အေရးေပၚကယဆယတျပနေရးဆငရာ အႀကးအက

ျမနမာႏငငသ႔ လာေရာက စာ-၈

၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ တ႔ျပနေရး စမကနး စာ-၉

လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးရး

လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ သတငးလႊာ | 2



ခရးသြားလာခြင ကန႔ သတမႈမား ႏင ေၾကာကရြ႕စးရမမႈမားက ထခက ခစားရသမားအေနျဖင ကနးမာေရး ေစာငေရာကမႈမား ရရခယရာတြင အတားအဆးျဖစ

ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ယငးအဖြ႔ အစညးမား၏ အခ႕လပငနးမားက ျပနလညေဆာငရြကရန တစစတစစ ခြငျပ

ေပးခေသာလညး၊ ျပညတြငး ဝနထမးမားျဖငသာ ေဆာငရြကခြငျပထားပါသည။ ႏငငတကာမ ဝနထမးမားသည

သြားလာခြင ကန႔သတမႈမားျဖင ႀကေတြ႔ေနရဆျဖစပါသည။ ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ဥးေဆာငသည အစားအစာ

ျဖန႔ေဝေရးလပငနးအခ႕တြင ႏငငတကာဝနထမးမားၾကညရႈေလလာခြငရခၿပး၊ သတမနေခါငးေဆာငပငးမား

ပါဝငသည ခရးစဥအခ႕က ခြငျပခေသာလညး၊ ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပငးတြင အေျချပလပငနးေဆာငရြကေသာ

ႏငငတကာဝနထမး အမားစသည ၿမ႕တြငး၌သာ (ေမာငေတာ ႏင ဘးသးေတာငၿမ႕မား) သြားလာခြငရၾက

ပါသည။ အစားအစာမားႏင အျခား ကယဆယေရးပစၥညးမားက ယခအခါတြင (ျပညတြငးဝနထမးမားျဖငသာ)

ျဖန႔ေဝခြငျပခေသာလညး လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအဖြ႔အစညးမားအေနျဖင ကာကြယေစာငေရာကေရးလပငနး

မားအား ျပနလညေဆာငရြကရန ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ခြငျပေပးျခငး မရေသးပါ။

ေမာငေတာ ေတာငပငးတြင ဇနနဝါရလအေစာပငး၌ က႑စကနဥးအေျခအေနေလလာဆနးစစမႈက ေဆာငရြက

ႏငခေသာလညး လၿခေရးေဆာငရြကမႈမား ဆကလကလပေဆာငလကရသည ေမာငေတာ ေျမာကပငးတြင

အလားတအေျခအေနေလလာဆနးစစမႈမားေဆာငရြကရနအာဏာပငမားမခြငျပေပးျခငး မရေသးပါ။ ေမာငေတာ

ေဒသေျမာကပငးရ အခ႕ေနရာမားတြင ကမာၻ႔စားနပရကၡာအစအစဥ (WFP)သည အစားအစာျဖန႔ေဝျခငးလပငနး

ႏငသကဆငသည အခကအလကမားရရႏငခေသာလညး ထခကခစားရသမား ႀကေတြ႕ေနရသည အေျခအေန

အလးစက နားလညႏငရနအတြက ထခကမႈရခသညေနရာအားလးတြင ျပညစမႈရေသာ အေျခအေနေလလာ

ဆနးစစမႈမားကၿပးစးေအာငေဆာငရြကရနမာအလြနအေရးႀကးပါသည။ လတတေလာတြင ထခကမႈရသည

ေဒသမား၌ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအကအညမားေပးအပေနသည ဝနထမးမား၏ ေလလာဆနးစစခကမား

အရ အစားအစာ၊ အမးအကာႏငေနစရာ၊ အမသးပစၥညးမား၊ ေဆးဝါးမား၊ ေရ၊ ပတဝနးကငသန႔ရငးေရး၊

တစကယရညသန႔ရငးေရးဆငရာအေထာကအပမားး၊ ပညာေရးႏင ကာကြယေစာငေရာကေရးဆငရာ အကအည

မားမာ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အဓကလအပခကမားျဖစေၾကာငး သရရပါသည။ အခ႕ေနရာမားတြင ကနးမာ

ေရးေစာငေရာကမႈမားႏင အစးရမဟတသညအဖြ႔အစညးမားမေဆာငရြကေနသည ေဆးခနးမား ျပနလည စတင

ႏငခေသာလညး၊ ဝနေဆာငမႈမား ျဖန႔ကကေရာကရႏငမႈမာ ေနရာအနညးငယသာရၿပး၊ ေျမျပင အေျခအေန

တငးမာမႈမား ရေနေသးသညအတြက ေဆးကသရန လာေရာကသ နညးေနေသးေၾကာငး လသားခငးစာနာမႈ

ဆငရာအကအညေပးေရး ဝနထမးမား၏ ေျပာၾကားခကအရ သရရပါသည။ လအမားမာ ဝနေဆာငမႈမား ရရ

မညေနရာမားသ႔ သြားလာရန ေၾကာကရြ႕ေနၾကဆျဖစၿပး၊ ခရးသြားလာခြငမားမာလညး ကန႔သတခကမား

ရေနပါသည။ အေရးေပၚေဆးကသရနလႊေျပာငးျခငးက မားစြာထခကမႈရခၿပး၊ ေဆးကသမႈ နညးလမးမား

ေရြးခယခြငက အကန႔အသတျဖစေစကာ လနာမားအတြက အႏရာယႀကေတြ႔ ႏငသည အေျခအေနျဖစေပၚ

ေစပါသည။ ေမာငေတာခရင ျပငပသ႔ အေရးေပၚေဆးကသရနလႊေျပာငးျခငးက မြတစလင လနာမားအား ခြငျပ

ေပးျခငးမရပါ။

လအပခကမားစြာက ျဖညဆညးေဆာငရြကရနလအပေနသညအေျခအေနၾကားတြင အစားအစာ

ျဖန႔ေဝေပးျခငးလပငနးမား ျပနလညစတင

ႏငငေတာအစးရမပပးေပးေနသည အကအညမားႏငစပလဥးၿပး၊ ကလသမဂၢအဖြ႔အစညးမားထတြင ကယဆယ

ေရးအကအညဆငရာ အေသးစတ အခကအလကအျပညအစ မရပါ။ ျမနမာအလငး သတငးစာတြင ေဖာျပခက

မားအရ ဇနနဝါရလ ၆ရကေန႔မ ၁၁ ရကေန႔အတြငး လမႈဝနထမး၊ ကယဆယေရး ႏင ျပနလညေနရာ ခထားေရး

ဝနႀကးဌာနမ ေမာငေတာၿမ႕နယရ ေကးရြာေပါငး ၅၂ ရြာမ လဥးေရ ၅၉,၉၆၂ ဥးအတြက အစားအစာမား

ျဖန႔ေဝေပးခေၾကာငးသရရပါသည။ နယစပေရးရာဝနႀကးဌာနမလညး ဇနနဝါရလ ၁၀ ရက ေန႔တြင ရခငျပညနယ

ေျမာကပငးရ ရခင ႏင မြတစလင ရပရြာမားမ လဥးေရ ၁၃၉,၇၄၅ ဥးအတြက အစားအစာမား ပပးေပးခေၾကာငး

အထကပါသတငးစာတြင ေဖာျပထားပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင ရခငျပညနယ ေမာငေတာေဒသ ႏင ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ

တမးေရာငသစခနးမားတြင ျမနမာႏငငအစးရမ ျဖန႔ေဝေပးရန အငဒနးရားႏငငမ လဒါနးထားသည အစားအစာ





ေအာကတဘာလ၉ရကေန႔ တြငျဖစပြားခသည တကခကမႈမား ေနာကပငး အစားအစာ ႏင အာဟာရ ဆငရာ ဝနေဆာငမႈမား ျပတေတာက သြားမႈေၾကာင လဥးေရ ၁၅၀,၀၀၀ ထခကခစားရ

ေမာငေတာ ေျမာကပငးတြင လေပါငး ၃၅,၀၀၀ အတြက အေရးေပၚ အစားအေသာက မားပပးေပးႏငခ

ဝကဘလငခမား - ရခငျပညနယတြင ႀကေတြေနရသည အာဟာရ ခ႕တမႈမား အေၾကာငး အစရငခစာမားက ဖတရႈရန • ကလသမဂၢကေလးမားရနပေငြအဖြ႕

၏ ၂၀၁၅ခႏစ ႏစပတလည အစရငခစာ

• လဥးေရႏင ကနးမာေရး စစတမး၊ ၂၀၁၅-၁၆၊ ျမနမာႏငင ကနးမာေရး ဝနႀကးဌာန

• အာဟာရ က႑၊ ၂၀၁၇ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ တ႔ျပနေရးစမကနး၊စာမကႏာ (၃၁)

စကပးေရး ႏင ငါးဖမးလပငနး မား ျပတေတာကခရၿပး ေစးမားလညး ပမနလညပတမႈမရ

မားႏင အဝတအစားမားပါဝငသည ကြနတနနာ (၁၀)လးမာလညး ဇနနဝါရလအတြငး ရခငျပညနယသ႔ ေရာကရ

လာခပါသည။ အငဒနးရားႏငငမ ပပးေပးေသာ ကယဆယေရးပစၥညးမားက ေမာငေတာေဒသေျမာကပငးတြင

ဇနနဝါရလ ၂၇ ရကေန႔၌ ျဖန႔ေဝေပးခပါသည။ ေနာကဆးရရထားသည အစရငခစာမားအရ ရခငျပညနယရ

ထခကခစားရသမားအတြက မေလးရားႏငငရ အစးရမဟတသညအဖြ႔အစညးမားမ ေပးပ႔လကေသာ ကယဆယ

ေရးပစၥညးမားမာ ျဖန႔ေဝရနအတြက မၾကာမ ရနကနသ႔ ေရာကရလာေတာမညျဖစပါသည။

ေအာကတဘာလ ၉ ရကေန႔မတငမတြင ကလသမဂၢ ႏင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညေပးေရး အဖြ႔

အစညးမားအေနျဖင ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးရ လေပါငး ၁၅၀,၀၀၀ ေကာအတြက အစားအစာ ႏင အာဟာရ

ဆငရာ အကအညမားက ပမနပပးေဆာငရြကေပးေနခပါသည။ တကခကမႈမားျဖစပြားခၿပး၊ ေနာကဆကတြ လၿခ

ေရးေဆာငရြကမႈမားေၾကာင အဆပါအကအညမားေပးပ႔ေရးႏငဆငသည သြားလာ လႈပရားမႈမားအား တငးတငး

ၾကပၾကပ တားျမစကန႔သတထားခၿပး၊ လအမားမာ ရာသအလက အစားအစာပပးမႈ၊ ေကာငးတြင အာဟာရျဖည

ေကြၽးေမြးမႈ၊ ပမနအာဟာရပပးမႈ အစအစဥမားႏင (၃) လ ၾကာကငးကြာခရပါသည။ ေအာကတဘာလ (၉) ရက

ေန႔မ စတင၍ သြားလာမႈမား ခြငျပေပးခေသာေနရာမားတြငလညး သြားလာခြငဆငရာအေျခအေနမားမာ ခန႔မနး

ႏငရနခကခၿပး၊ ကယဆယေရးအကအညမားျဖန႔ေဝျခငးမားက ပမနမဟတဘ၊ တစႀကမတညး ပပးျခငးမား

ကသာ ေဆာငရြကႏငခပါသည။ ၿပးခသည ရကသတပတမားတြင ရေသေတာင၊ ဘးသးေတာင ႏင ေမာငေတာ

ရ ကယဝနေဆာငမခငမား၊ ႏ႔တကမခငမား၊ အာဟာရခ႕တေနသည ကေလးငယမားအတြက အာဟာရ

ေထာကပေရး အစအစဥမားျပနလညစတငခပါသည။

ဇနနဝါရလ (၁၃) ရကေန႔တြင ေမာငေတာ ေျမာကပငးရ ထခကမႈရခသည ေကးရြာေပါငး (၁၅၈) ရြာတြင

အေရးေပၚအစားအစာမားျဖန႔ေဝေပးျခငးကစတငရနအတြက ကမာၻ႔စားနပရကၡာအစအစဥ (WFP) အား ခြငျပေပး

ခပါသည။ ဇနနဝါရလ (၃၀) ရကေန႔အထ လဥးေရ ၃၅,၀၀၀ နးပါး (ကား ၁၅,၀၀၀ ႏင မ ၁၉,၅၀၀ နးပါး) အတြက

အေရးေပၚအစားအစာမား ျဖန႔ေဝေပးၿပးျဖစပါသည။ ထအစားအစာအကအညမား ျဖန႔ေဝျခငးက ျပညတြငး

ဝနထမးမားျဖငသာလပေဆာငချခငးျဖစၿပး၊ ႏငငတကာမ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညေပးေရး ဝနထမး

မားအား ပါဝငရနအတြက ခြငျပျခငး မရခပါ။

ဇနနဝါရလ ၁၃ ရကေန႔မ စတငၿပး အစားအစာပပးမႈရရသမားမာ (၃) လ အတြငး ပထမဥးဆးအႀကမ အကအည

ရချခငးျဖစၿပး၊ အစားအစာႏင အာဟာရ အကအညမား ျဖန႔ေဝေပးမႈ၊ ေရႊ႕လား ေဆးကခနးမားႏင အျခား လသား

ခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာဝနေဆာငမႈအကအညမား ျပတေတာကျခငးေၾကာင ေရရညတြင ျဖစေပၚလာႏငသည ရလဒ

မားအတြက စးရမပပနမႈမား ရေနပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယသည ျမနမာႏငငရ တငးႏငျပညနယမားတြင

အာဟာရခ႕တမႈ၊ အထးသျဖင ကေလးငယမားတြင အာဟာရခ႕တျခငး ျဖစပြားမႈအျမငဆးရေသာ ျပညနယ

တစချဖစေနသညမာ ၾကာျမငေနၿပျဖစပါသည။ (ပမသရရန တစဖကပါ လငခမားတြင ေလလာႏငပါသည)

ေအာကတဘာလ (၉) ရကေန႔ တကခကမႈမား မျဖစပြားခငကတညးကပင ဘးသးေတာငႏင ေမာငေတာ၌ ကမာၻ

လးဆငရာ အာဟာရခ႕တမႈ တငးတာခကတြင ကမာၻ႔ကနးမာေရး အဖြ႔အစညးမ သတမတထားသည အေရးေပၚ

အဆငသတမတခကထက ေကာလြနေနခပါသည။ တကခကမႈမားျဖစပြားခနတြင ထခကမႈရခသညေဒသမား၌

ျပငးထနသည ေရရညအာဟာရခ႕တမႈမားအတြက ေစာငေရာက ကသမႈခယေနသညကေလးငယေပါငး ၃,၄၀၀

ရၿပး ထတကခကမႈမားျဖစပြားၿပးေနာက ၄ငးတ႔ရရေနေသာ ကသမႈမား ၊ ပပးမႈမား ျပတေတာကသြားခပါသည။

သြားလာခြငကန႔သတမႈမားက အစားအစာ လအပမႈ အေျခအေနက ပဆးေစၿပး၊ လၿခေရးအေျခအေနမားက

ေမာငေတာေျမာကပငးရ လမားအတြက ၄ငးတ႔၏ သးႏမားရတသမးရနအခကအခမားျဖစေပၚေစသည

သ႔မဟတ လးဝမရတသမးႏငသညအေျခအေနက ျဖစေပၚေစပါသည။ ကမာၻ႔စားနပရကၡာအစအစဥ (WFP) ၏

တငျပခကမားအရ ေမာငေတာ ေျမာကပငးရ ေစးငယေလးမား၏ ၉၀ ရာခငႏႈနးမာ ပမနလညပတျခငးမရေသးပါ။

သြားလာခြငကန႔သတမႈမားေၾကာင မြတစလငမား၏ ငါးဖမးျခငးျဖင ဝမးစာႏင ဝငေငြရရေအာငေဆာငရြကျခငး

အား ထခကကဆငးေစပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယ အလယပငးရ စစေတြ ႏင ေပါကေတာၿမ႕နယမားတြငပင၊ ငါး ႏင














အးအမမားစြာ မးေလာငပကစးခရၿပး ၊ အေဆာကအဥ ၁,၀၀၀ ေကာ ၿဖဖကခရ

ၿဖဖကခရသည အေဆာကအဥမား၏ ၈၀ ရာခငႏႈနးမာ မြတစလငမား၏ အးအမမားျဖစ

လ႔႔အခြငအေရးအေျခအေန ဆငရာ အထးအစရငခစာ တငသြငး သမ ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးတြင ႏငငတကာမ လသားခငးစာနာမႈ ဆငရာ အကအညမားေပးႏငေရး သြားလာခြင ျပရန ေတာငးဆ ေျပာၾကား

လၿခေရးအေျခအေနစးရမမႈမားႏင အသစျပဌာနးလကသညနညးဥပေဒမားအရ ေရလပငနးဥးစးဌာနမ မြတစလင

တငါသညမား ပငလယထသ႔ထြက၍ဆကတကငါးဖမးႏငသညရကက (၁၀) ရကမ (၃) ရကသ႔ေလာခခပါသည။

ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငရမႈမား၊ အမမား မးရႈ႕ဖကဆးခရျခငး ႏင ၿဖဖကရျခငးတ႔ေၾကာင ေနထငရာ

အမးအကာလအပမႈ ပမျမငမား

ထခကမႈရခသည ေနရာမားတြင ေနထငရာအမးအကာမား အဓက လအပလကရပါသည။ လ႔အခြငအေရး

ေစာငၾကညေရး (Human Rights Watch) အဖြ႔မထတျပနသည ၿဂလတဓာတပမားအရ ေအာကတဘာလ (၉)

ရကေန႔မစ၍ ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးတြင မြတစလငေကးရြာမားမ အးအမေပါငး အနညးဆး ၁,၅၀၀ ခန႔

မးေလာငပကစးခေၾကာငး သရရပါသည။ အးအမမားပကစးခသည ေကးရြာအခ႕ရ ရြာသရြာသားမားသည

၎တ႔၏ ေကးရြာနယေျမထတြငပင ယာယအမးအကာမားျဖင ေနထငၾကရလကရပါသည။ အခ႕လမားမာ

အနးဝနးကင ေကးရြာမားသ႔ ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးသြားခၿပး၊ လေပါငး ၆၉,၀၀၀ ခန႔မာ ဘဂၤလားေဒရႏငငသ႔ ျဖတေကာ

ဝငေရာကခပါသည။ ႏငငေတာ အစးရမ မြတစလငအမ အမားစပါဝငသည အးအမ၊ အေဆာကအဥေပါငး ၁,၉၇၈

လးအား တရားမဝငေဆာကလပထားသညဟ သတမတယဆခကေၾကာင ၿဖဖကရနစာရငးသြငးထားသည

အတြက ေနထငရာအမးအကာလအပခက ပမျမငမားလာေစပါသည။ ဒဇငဘာလႏင ဇနနဝါရလမားအတြငး

အးအမ၊ အေဆာကအဥေပါငး ၁,၀၇၈ လးက ၿဖဖကခပါသည။ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ မတဖကအဖြ႕အစညး

မားမ တငျပေတာငးဆမႈေၾကာင ႏငငေတာအစးရသည အးအမ၊ အေဆာကအဥမား ၿဖဖကသညလပငနးမား

အားရပနားထားရန အမန႔ထတျပနခၿပး၊ ဇနနဝါရလ (၁၀) ရကေန႔ေနာကပငးတြင အေဆာကအဥမား ထပမ

ၿဖဖကခရျခငးမရေတာပါ။ ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ႏစစဥေဆာငရြကေနၾကျဖစသည အမေထာငစ စစတမး ေကာကယ

ျခငးအား ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးရၿမ႕နယ (၃) ၿမ႕နယ တြင ပမေစာလငစြာျဖင ဒဇငဘာလတြင စတင

လပေဆာငချခငးေၾကာင ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငရသမားအေနျဖင ႏငငေတာအစးရ၏ “အမေထာငစစာရငး” မ

ဖယရားခရဖြယရေနပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပငးရ မြတစလင အမားစအတြက ယငးအမေထာငစစာရငး

တြငပါဝငျခငးသညတစခတညးေသာတရားဝငအသအမတျပစာရြကစာတမးျဖစပါသည။ ယငးစစတမးေကာကယ

မႈမာ၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ ဇနနဝါရလလယပငးတြငၿပးစးခပါသည။ ေအာကတဘာလ ၉ရကမစတငၿပး လၿခေရးေဆာငရြက

သညေနရာမားတြင လၿခေရးတပဖြ႔မားမ ေကးရြာအမားစရ ၿခဝနးအကာအရမားက ဖယရားခသညအတြက

ရြာသရြာသားမား၏ ကယပငလြတလပခြငမားေလာပါးခရၿပး၊ ရြာသး ေရကနအခ႕မာ ညစညမးသြားခရျခငး

ေၾကာင ေရ၊ ပတဝနးကငသန႔ရငးေရး ႏင တစကယရညသန႔ရငးေရးအတြက အကအည ထပမလအပမႈမား

ျဖစေပၚေစပါသည။

ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငး ႏင ဘဂၤလားေဒရႏငငရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားအတြက ကာကြယေစာငေရာကမႈႏင စပလဥး၍ အထးစးရမဖြယအေျခအေနရ လၿခေရးတပဖြ႔မားမ မြတစလငလထအား ျပစမႈကးလြနသညဟစြပစြၿပး၊ တရားခြငတြင စစေဆးျခငးမရဘ

ေသဒဏေပးျခငး၊ ႏပစကညႇဥးပနးျခငး၊ အဓမၼျပကငျခငးမားျပလပေနသည လအခြငအေရးခးေဖာကမႈမား

ဆးဆးရြားရြားျဖစပြားေနေၾကာငး အစရငခမႈမား ထြကေပၚေနပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပငးရ ေကးရြာမား

သ႔ သြားလာခြင ကန႔သတမႈမား ဆကလကရေနျခငးေၾကာင ကလသမဂၢ အေနျဖင ယငး စြဆခကမားအား မန၊

မမန အတညျပႏငရန အခကအချဖစေနပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယတြင လ႔အခြငအေရးခးေဖာကမႈမား ျဖစေန

ေၾကာငးဘဂၤလားေဒရႏငငသ႔ေရာကရလာသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားမထြကဆၾကပါသည။ ယငးအစရင

ခတငျပမႈမားႏငစပလဥး၍ ကလသမဂၢအေနျဖင အထးစးရမပပနမႈရၿပး ကလသမဂၢ၏ လ႔အခြငအေရး ကၽြမးကင

ပညာရငမားမ ပမမားျပားလာလကရသည အခြငအေရးခးေဖာကမႈဆငရာ အစရငခခကမားက ႏငငေတာ

အစးရမ ေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကေပးရန ေတာငးဆထားပါသည။ျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရမ ယငးစြဆခက အမားစက

ျငငးဆထားပါသည။







ကခငျပညနယတြင လဥးေရ ၇,၀၀၀ ခန႔ ၊ ရမးျပညနယ တြင လဥးေရ ၄,၀၀၀ ခန႔ အသစ ထပမ ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငခရ

ကလသမဂၢ၏ ျမနမာႏငင လ႔အခြငအေရးအေျခအေနဆငရာ အထးအစရငခစာတငသြငးသ မစၥရနဟလ သည

ဇနနဝါရ လ ၉ရက မ ၂၀ ရကအတြငး ျမနမာႏငငသ႔ လ႔အခြငအေရးဆငရာ သတငးအခကအလကမား စေဆာငး

ရယရနေရာကရလာခပါသည။ ဤခရးစဥအတြငး မစၥလ သည ရခငျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးသ႔သြားေရာကခပါသည။

အထးကယစားလယသည မတလတြင ကလသမဂၢ လ႔အခြငအေရးေကာငစထသ႔ အစရငခစာ တငသြငးမည

ျဖစပါသည။

သမ၏ ခရးစဥအဆးတြင မစၥလမ လၿခ

ေရးတပဖြ႔မားအား တရားဥပေဒ စးမးမႈ

ေဘာင အတြငးမသာ ေဆာငရြကၾကရန၊

လ႔အခြငအေရးႏင အညလပေဆာငၾကရန

ေတာငးဆ ေျပာၾကားခပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင

ထခကမႈရခသည ေဒသမားသ႔ လသား

ခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမား ေပးႏင

ေရးသြားလာခြင ပမခြငျပေပးရန အတြက

လညး ႏငငေတာ အစးရအား တကတြနး

ေျပာၾကားခပါသည။

“လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညေပး

သမားအေနျဖင ၄ငးတ႔၏ ကၽြမးကငမႈမား

က အသးျပၿပး ထခကခစားရသ တစဥး တစေယာကခငးစအား ကညေပးရန တာဝနရပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ၄ငးတ႔

လပေဆာငရမညတာဝနက မေဆာငရြကႏငေစရန ႏငငေတာအစးရမ တားဆးထားသကသ႔ ျဖစေနပါသည။ ရခင

ျပညနယေျမာကပငးတြင သြားလာခြငအေျခအေနမာ တစစထကတစစ တးတကလာေသာလညး ျပညတြငး

ဝနထမးမားကသာ သြားလာေဆာငရြကႏငၿပး၊ ႏငငတကာဝနထမးမားအေနျဖင ၿမ႕တြငးမာသာ သြားလာခြင

ရသညအတြက ၄ငးတ႔၏ တာဝနမားကေဆာငရြကႏငျခငးမရပါ” ဟ မစၥလမ ေျပာ ၾကားခပါသည။

ကခငျပညနယ ႏင ရမးျပညနယ ေျမာကပ ငးတြင တကပြ မား ျပငးထနလာသည အတြက အရပသားမား၏လၿခေရး စးရမေနရ

ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ စခနးမား ႏင ၿမ႕မား အနးတြင တကပြမား ျဖစပြားသညအတြက လေပါငး ၁၁,၀၀၀ နးပါး ထြကေျပးတမးေရာငေနရ

၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ ေဖေဖာ၀ါရလတြင ေနာကတစႀကမကငးပမည ၿငမးခမးေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြမတငမ ျမနမာတပမေတာႏင

တငးရငးသားလကနကကငအဖြ႔မားအၾကား ပဋပကၡမား ပမျပငးထနလာျခငးေၾကာင ကခငျပညနယႏင ရမး

ျပညနယအတြငး လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ကညေဆာငရြကေရးလပငနးမားမာ လြနခသည လအနညးငယ

အတြငးတြင သသာစြာ ထခက လာေနပါသည။ ကခငျပညနယတြင ျမနမာတပမေတာႏင ကခငလြတေျမာကေရး

တပမေတာတ႔အၾကား တကပြမားပမျပငးထနလာျခငးေၾကာင မနစၿမ႕နယ၊ ေရႊကၿမ႕နယႏင အဓက စခနး (၃) ခ

မ လ ၇၀၀၀နးပါးမာ ထပမေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငခရပါသည။ ျမနမာတပမေတာႏင တငးရငးသာလကနကကင

မဟာမတတပမားအၾကား တကပြမားဆကလကျဖစပြားေနျခငးေၾကာင ဇနန၀ါရလ၂၆ ရကအထ လဥးေရ ၄,၀၀၀

ခန႔မာ ရမးျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးရ (မဆယ၊ နမၼတ၊ သေပါ၊ ကြတခင၊ မနတ၊ ေနာငခ ႏင လားရႈး) ၿမ႕ နယ (၇)

ၿမ႕နယအတြငး ယာယေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငလကရသညဟ ခန႔မနးပါသည။ ႏဝငဘာေႏာငးပငး၌ မဆယ

၁၀၅ မင ဂတ အနး၊ ၿမ႕တြငးတြင တကပြမားျပငးထနလာခသညအတြက လေပါငး ေထာငႏငခ၍ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ

တမးေရာငရၿပး၊ မဆယ-မးကးလမး အသြားအလာမားကလညး ကန႔သတထားခပါသည။ လၿခေရး အေျခအေန

ဓာတပ - ေအးဝငး၊ ကလသမဂၢ သတငးအခကအလကထတျပနေရးဌာန ရခငျပညနယ (ဇနနဝါရ ၁၆ ရက ၂၀၁၇)

လ႔အခြငအေရးအေျခအေနဆငရာ အထးအစရငခစာတငသြငးသမ ေမာငေတာေျမာကပငးရ ကးကနးျပငရြာအေနာကပငးသ႔ သြားေရာကခစဥ။





ကခငျပညနယတြင ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားမာ စခနးမားက စြန႔႔ခြာထြကေျပးခရ

တကပြမားမာ ေနရပစြန႔႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသစခနးမား၊ ၿမ႕မား အနား ပမနးကပစြာျဖစပြားလာ မႈေၾကာင အရပသားမားအတြက အႏရာယပမ ႀကးမားလာ

ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာေရႊြ႕ေျပာငး ေနရ သမားအတြက ေျမျမႇပမငးမာ အဓက စးရမဖြယျဖစ

မား အလငအျမနေျပာငးလေနသညအတြက အဆပါ ျပညနယႏစခလးရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ တမးေရာငမႈအေျခအေန

မားမာ တညၿငမမႈမရဘ ေျပာငးလမႈမားရေနပါသည။

အစးရ ထနးခပနယေျမ ျပငပရ စခနးမား

(ဇငးေအာင/မဂါဇြပ ၊ ေခါနေရာန ႏင

မာဂါယန) အနးတြင တကပြမား ျဖစပြား

ခသညအတြက ယငးစခနးမားမ ေနရပ

စြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားမာ စခနးမားအား

စြန႔ခြာ၍ ထပမ တမးေရာငခ ရပါသည။

ၿပးခသညလမားအတြငး အႀကမေပါငးမား

စြာ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငရသည လဥး

ေရမာ ပမမားျပားလာလက ရပါသည။

အထကပါ စခနးသးခမ လမားမာ အစပငး

တြင အစးရထနးခပမႈျပငပနယေျမ ေဒသ၊

တရတႏငင နယစပအနး ေနရာမားသ႔

ယာယ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးခ ေသာ

လညး၊ ေနာကပငးတြင အစးရ ထနးခပမႈ

နယေျမအတြငးသ႔ ေရာကရလာသည လဥးေရမာ မားျပားလာလကရပါသည။ အသစထပမ ေျပာငးေရႊ႕လာသည

ေနရာမားသ႔ ကလသမဂၢ ႏင ႏငငတကာ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအကအညေပးေရးအဖြ႔အစညးမား သြားလာ

ခြငက ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ပတပငထားဆျဖစပါသည။ ယငးေနရာမားရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားက

ျပညတြငး လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအကအညေပးေရးအဖြ႔အစညးမားမ ကညပပးေပးလကရပါသည။

ဒဇငဘာလ အေစာပငးတြင ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ ၁၅,၀၀၀ ခန႔အထ ရမးျပညနယေျမာကပငးမ တရတႏငင

ထသ႔ ျဖတေကာဝငေရာကခသညဟ ခန႔မနးပါသည။ ထလမားအနကမ အမားစမာ ရမးျပညနယ ေျမာကပငးသ႔

ျပနလညဝငေရာကခၿပျဖစေသာလညး ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသေပါငးမားစြာ ထပခါထပခါ ခနားရာေနရာ အျဖစ

အသးျပခသည အမားပင အေဆာကအဥမား၊ ဘာသာေရး အေဆာကအဥမားတြင ယာယေနထငၾကရလက

ရပါသည။

ကခငျပညနယႏင ရမးျပညနယတြင ျဖစပြားသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငမႈမားမာ အရပသားျပညသမား ေနထင

ရာအနးအနားႏင ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ စခနးမားအနးတြင ေလေၾကာငးမ တကခကျခငး၊ လကနကႀကးမား

ျဖင ပစခတျခငးတ႔အပါအဝင တကပြမားျပငးထနစြာပမျဖစပြားလာျခငးတ႔ေၾကာင ျဖစပါသည။ အဆပါျဖစရပမား

အနကမတစခမာ ဇနနဝါရလ ၁၂ ရကေန႔တြင ရမးျပညနယေျမာကပငးရ နမဆမၿမ႕နယအတြငးရ ေကးရြာ

တစရြာတြင လကနကႀကးကေရာကေပါကကြခသညအတြက အသကေျခာကႏစအရြယ ေယာကားေလးတစဥး

အပါအဝငအရပသားႏစဥးေသဆးခရပါသည။ အဆပါျဖစရပမာ တစလအတြငး ဒတယအႀကမေျမာက အရပသား

ေသဆးမႈျဖစပါသည။ ဒဇငဘာလ လလယတြင လကနကႀကးေၾကာင ကခငျပညနယ၊ ေဝႀကငေဒသအနးရ

ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသစခနးတစခမ ေနထငရာအမးအကာမား ပကစးခရၿပး၊ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသေပါငး

ရာႏငခ၍ ထြကေျပးတမးေရာငခရပါသည။ တညၿငမမႈမရသည ေရ႕တနးစစမကႏာျပငအေျခအေနႏင ကခငျပည

နယ၊ ရမးျပညနယေျမာကပငးတ႔တြင အရပသားျပညသေပါငးမားစြာ ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးသြားလာေနၾကရျခငးေၾကာင

ေျမျမႇပမငးႏင အျခား စစကနေပါကကြတတေသာလကနကခယမးမား၏ အႏရာယမာ ပ၍ စးရမပပနစရာ

ျဖစလာေနပါသည။

ဓာတပ - ပးေပါငးလပငနးစဥအဖြ႔ (JST)

ကခင (ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၆) - ဇငေအာန/မနဂါဇြပ စခနး အနး တကပြမားျဖစပြားသျဖင ထြကေျပးတမးေရာငေနရသမား။





၂၀၁၅ ခႏစတြငျမနမာႏငင၌ ေျမျမႇပမငးႏင ေပါကကြေစတတ ေသာ စစကနပစၥညးမားေၾကာင ကေလးငယ ၅၄ဥးအပါအဝင လေပါငး ၁၅၉ ဥးေသဆးခရ

(ေျမျမႇပမငး ေစာငၾကညေရး အစရငခစာ၊ ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၆)

ဝကဘလငခ - ေျမျမႇပမငး ေၾကာင ထခကသမားအတြက ျပနလည ထေထာငေရး စငတာ အေၾကာငးဖတရႈရန။

ပဋပကၡေၾကာင ထခကမႈရသည ေနရာမားသ႔ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမားေပးႏငရန သြားလာခြငက ကန႔႔သတမႈမားရေန

ျမနမာႏငငေျမာကပငးတြင ကယခႏၶာျပနလညသနစြမးေရးစငတာ အသစ ဖြငလစ၊ ဝနေဆာငမႈမား စတငေပးေန

အျပညျပညဆငရာ ၾကကေျခန အဖြ႔ (ICRC) မ ျမနမာကပေငြ ၁.၉၈ ဘလယ (အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁.၅ သနး)

ရငးႏးမတညေပးမႈျဖင ကခငျပညနယ၊ ျမစႀကးနားၿမ႕တြင ျမနမာႏငငေျမာကပငး၏ ပထမဥးဆးေသာ ကယခႏၶာ

ျပနလညသနစြမးေရးစငတာက ဖြငလစခပါသည။ ခတင ၆၀ ဆန႔ စငတာတြင ဝနထမးေပါငး ၃၀ ရၿပး စငတာ

တစခလး အျပညအဝ လညပတႏငပါက တစႏစလင လနာေပါငး ၁၅၀၀ အတြက ေျခတ၊ လကတ တပဆငေပး

ျခငး၊ အရးအဆစမား ကသေပးျခငး၊ အေၾကာအဆစမား ျပနလညသနစြမးေစရန ကသေပးျခငးတ႔က ျပလပေပး

သြားႏငမညျဖစပါသည။ ျပနလညသနစြမး

ေရးစငတာအေနျဖင အဆပါ ဝနေဆာငမႈ

မားက ျမနမာႏငင ေျမာကပငးရ ျပညသ

မား၊ အထးသျဖင ေျမျမႇပမငးႏင အျခား

ေပါကကြေစတတေသာ စစကနပစၥညးမား

ေၾကာင ထခကဒဏရာရခသမားအတြက

တးခ႕ေဆာငရြကသြားမညျဖစပါသည။ "စငတာ မရခင အခနက လနာမားအေန

ျဖင နာရ ၂၀ခန႔ ကားစး သြားရသည

မႏေလးတြငသာ သြားေရာကၿပး ကသမႈ

ခယရျခငး၊ ေျခတလကတ တပဆငျခငး

မားက လပေဆာငခရပါသည” ဟ ျမနမာ

ႏငငရ အျပညျပညဆငရာ ၾကကေျခန

အဖြ႔၏ အထးကယစားလယ အႀကးအက

Jurg Montani မေျပာပါသည။ ယခအခါ

အဆပါ စငတာအား ကနးမာေရး ႏင အားကစား ဝနႀကးဌာနသ႔ လႊေျပာငးေပးအပခၿပးျဖစပါသည။ ဤ စငတာ

သည တစကမာၻလးတြင အျပညျပညဆငရာၾကကေျခနအဖြ႔မ ေထာကပေပးသည ကယခႏၶာ ျပနလည သနစြမး

ေရးစငတာမားအနက လပငနမားေဆာငရြကႏငသညအကယအဝနးဧရယာအရ အာဖဂနနစၥတနႏငင၊ ကဘးလ

ရ စငတာၿပးလင ဒတယ အႀကးဆး စငတာျဖစပါသည။

လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမားေပးႏငေရးအတြက သြားလာခြငအကန႔အသတမားေၾကာင ကခငျပညနယ ႏင ရမးျပညနယရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားအတြက ႏငငတကာမ အကအညမား အဟန႔အတားျဖစ ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစတြင ျပနလညစတငခသည လကနကကင ပဋပကၡမားေၾကာင ကခငျပညနယႏင ရမးျပညနယတြင

လဥးေရ ၁၀၀,၀၀၀ နးပါးမာ ကာလတာရည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငၾကရလကရပါသည။ ျပညနယ ႏစခလးရ

အဆပါ ျပညသမားအတြက လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာအကအညမား ေပးႏငေရး သြားလာခြငမာ တငးတငး

ၾကပၾကပ ကန႔သတခေနရဆျဖစပါသည။ ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ ေမလ မစတငၿပး ႏငငေတာအစးရမ ကလသမဂၢ၏

ကခငျပညနယတြငးရ အစးရထနးခပမႈျပငပနယေျမေဒသမားမ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားထ အကအညမား

ေပးပ႔ႏငရနႀကးပမးမႈက စနစတကကန႔သတထားခပါသည။ ယခငက ကလသမဂၢအေနျဖင အစးရထနးခပမႈ

နယေျမ၊ ထနးခပမႈျပငပနယေျမတ႔ရ စခနးမားတြငေနထငၾကသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသမားထသ႔ အက

အညေပးေရးပစၥညးမားက ယာဥတနးမားျဖင ပမနပ႔ေဆာင၊ သြားလာခြငရရခေသာလညး၊ ယခအခါ ထကသ႔

သြားလာႏငျခငးမရပါ။ ကလသမဂၢ ႏင အျခား ႏငငတကာအဖြ႔အစညးမားသည အစးရထနးခပမႈျပငပ နယေျမ

ဓာတပ -သရဇာပါဝလ၊ အျပညျပညဆငရာၾကကေျခနအဖြ႔၊

ကခငျပညနယ (ႏဝငဘာလ ၂၀၁၆) - ျမစႀကးနာရ ျပနလညသနစြမးေရး စငတာ

အသစတြင လနာ အား ေျခတမတပဆငမ စမးသပစစေဆးစဥ။










လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမားေပးရန သြားလာႏငမႈ ပမနညးပါးလာ

ရခငျပညနယရ မြတစလင အသငးအဝငး အေနျဖင ကနးမာေရး ေစာငေရာကမႈမား ညမစြာ လကလမး မ ရရႏငေစေရး အေရးေပၚ ကယဆယေရး ဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးမးမ တကတြနး ေျပာၾကား

ဝကဘလငခ - အေရးေပၚကယဆယေရး ဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးမး ၏ ခရးစဥ အေၾကာငးပမသရႏငရန။ • သတငးစာရငးလငးပြ • ဓာတပမား

မားရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ လဥးေရ ၄၀,၀၀၀ ေကာအတြက ကယဆယေရး အကပစၥညးမား ေပးပ႔ႏငျခငး

မရပါ။ ထ႔ျပင အစးရထနးခပမႈနယေျမအတြငး၌ပင ကလသမဂၢႏင အျခားလသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအည

ေပးေရးအဖြ႔အစညးမားမာ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမားေပးႏငရနသြားလာခြင ပမ ကန႔သတခလာရ

သညအတြက အကအညမားျဖန႔ေဝေပးႏငရန ျပညတြငး လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အဖြ႔အစညးမားအေပၚတြင

အလြနမခအားထားေနရပါသည။ သ႔ေသာလညး ေဒသခ၊ ရပရြာအေျချပ အဖြ႔အစညးမားသညပင ၎တ႔၏

လပငနးမားေဆာငရြကရာတြင အခကအခမား ပမ ႀကေတြ႕လာရေၾကာငး အစရငခတငျပၾကပါသည။ တကပြမား

ပမျဖစပြားလာေသာလညး ႏငငေတာအစးရအေနျဖင အစးရ ထနးခပမႈနယေျမျပငပေဒသရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ

တမးေရာငသမားက အကအညမားရယလပါက အႏရာယရသည ေရ႕တနးစစမကႏာျပငက ျဖတေကာၿပး အစးရ

ထနးခပမႈနယေျမေဒသတြငးရ အစးရဘကမသတမတထားသည ေနရာသ႔ လာေရာက၍ အကအညမား ရယ

ရမည ဟေသာ မဝါဒမာ ဆကလကရေနဆျဖစပါသည။ ရမးျပညနယတြငးရ မးကးကသ႔ တကပြျဖစပြားေနသည

အခ႕ ေနရာမားသ႔ ႏငငတကာ အဖြ႔အစညးမားႏင ျပညတြငး အဖြ႕အစညးအမားစသည သြားလာခြငမရၾကပါ။

ျမနမာႏငင လ႔အခြငအေရးအေျခအေနဆငရာ အထးအစရငခစာတငသြငးသ မစၥရနဟလအေနျဖင ၿပးခသည

ခရးစဥအတြငး ကခငျပညနယရ လငဇာႏင ဖားကန႔ ေဒသမားသ႔ သြားလာခြင ေလာကထားခေသာလညး

ခြငျပခက မရရခပါ။

“ကခငျပညနယ၊ ရမးျပညနယႏင ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပငးတြင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမား

ေပးႏငရန သြားလာခြငအေျခအေနမာ ကြၽနမေနာကဆးလာခသညအခနထက ယခ အေျခအေနပမဆးလက

ရပါသည။ သြားလာခြငမာ တစလထကတစလ ပမေလာနညးလာလကရပါသည” ဟ မစၥ လ မ ေျပာခပါသည။

ကလသမဂၢ၏ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အႀကးအက ကခငျပညနယႏင ရခငျပညနယ သ ႔ လာေရာက

ျမနမာႏငငတြင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညေပးေရးေဆာငရြကမႈမား အားေကာငးေစရန ေတာငးဆေျပာၾကား

ကလသမဂၢ အေထြေထြအတြငးေရးမႉးခပ

လကေအာက၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ

အေရးကစၥမားႏင အေရးေပၚ ကယဆယ

ေရးဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉး စတကဖန

အဘရငယနသည ျမနမာႏငငရ လသား

ခငးစာနာမႈ ဆငရာ အေျခအေနမားက

သးသပေလလာရနအတြက၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ၊

ေအာကတဘာလ ၁၁ ရက မ ၁၄ရကေန႔

အတြငးတြင ျမနမာႏငငသ႔ ေရာကရခ

ပါသည။ မစၥတာ အဘရငယန၏ ခရးစဥ

မာ ကခငႏငရမးျပညနယမားတြင တကပြ

မားျပငးထနစြာ ျဖစပြားေနခနႏင ရခင

ျပညနယေျမာကပငးရ နယျခားေစာင

စခနးမား တကခကခရမႈ ျဖစပြား အၿပး

ရကအနညးငယ အၾကာတြင စတငချခငး

ျဖစပါသည။

ဓာတပ - ပယရြန၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးရး။ ကခင (ေအာကတဘာ - ၂၀၁၆) - ျမနမာႏငင ခရးစဥအတြငး ကခငျပညနယ

ေဝႀကငေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသစခနးသ႔ မစၥတာ စတကဖန အဘရငယန ေရာကရလာစဥ။


http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/un-humanitarian-chief-calls-strengthened-humanitarian-action-support-people-myanmar

https://unocha.exposure.co/mission-to-myanmar




မစၥတာအဘရငယနသည ကခငျပညနယသ႔ေရာကရစဥ အခ႕ေနရာမားတြင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အက

အညမား မေရာကႏငေအာင ပတဆ႔ ထားမႈမားအတြက စးရမေၾကာငးေျပာၾကားခၿပး၊ အစးရ ထနးခပမႈျပငပ

နယေျမတြငရေနသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသမားက တကပြမားျဖစေနသည ေနရာမားအား ျဖတေကာၿပး

လသားခငးစာနာမႈ အကအညမား ရယေစမညဆသည အခကက မျပလပရန ေဒသတြငး အာဏာပငမားအား

တကတြနးခပါသည။ လကရ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အကအညမားက လကခရယေနသ မားမာ အမးသမး

ႏင ကေလးငယမား၊ သကႀကး ရြယအမား၊ နာမကနးသမား ႏင မသနစြမးသမားျဖစေၾကာငး မစၥတာ

အဘရငယနမ အေလးေပး ေျပာၾကား သြားခပါသည။ မစၥတာအဘရငယနသညရခငျပညနယသ႔ သြားေရာကခၿပး

စခနးမားတြင ေနထငလကရေသာ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ မြတစလငမား၊ ေမာငေတာမ လတတေလာ

ေရာကရလာသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသ ရခငလမးမားႏင ေတြ႔ဆခပါသည။

“ရခငျပညနယတြင လတတေလာျဖစပြားခသည အၾကမးဖကမႈျဖစစဥသည အလြနစးရမဖြယေကာငးသည အေျခ

အေနျဖစၿပး၊ ေနာကထပ အၾကမးဖကမႈမားက ကာကြယျခငးႏင အရပသားမားအား ကာကြယေစာငေရာကျခငး

မာ ဥးစားေပး၊ ခကျခငး ေဆာငရြကရမညအရာျဖစပါသည။ ျဖစပြားခသည အေျခအေနမာ ရခငျပညနယရ

လထအသငးအဝငးအားလးကထခကမႈရေစၿပး၊ ထခကလြယမႈအေျခအေနအရဆးသမား၊ အထးသျဖင လြတလပ

စြာသြားလာခြငမရသည မြတစလငအသငးအဝငးမလမားအတြက ကနးမာေရး၊ ပညာေရးႏင အျခားမရမျဖစ

အေရးႀကးသည ဝနေဆာငမႈမား ပပးေပးမႈက ဆကလကထခကႏငပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယရ ျပညသအားလး

သည ၄ငးတ႔၏လမး၊ ဘာသာ၊ သ႔မဟတ ႏငငသားျဖစမႈအေပၚမတညမႈမရဘ ၄ငးတ႔ႏငအနးစပဆး ေဆးရ

သ႔မဟတ ေဆးကသေရးစငတာမား၊ ပမနေကာငးမားႏင အသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးလပငနးမားသ႔ လၿခမႈ

အျပညျဖငသြားေရာက၍ ဝနေဆာငမႈမား ရယခြငရသငပါသည” ဟ မစၥတာ အဘရငယနမ ေျပာၾကားခပါသည။

ျမနမာႏ ငငတြင လသားခငးစာနာမႈတ ႔ ျပနေရးစမကနးအတြက ရနပေငြ အေမရကန

ေဒၚလာ သနး (၁၅၀) လအပ ၂၀၁၇ ခႏစတြင ျမနမာႏငင၌ အကအညလအပသေပါငး ၅၂၅,၀၀၀ ရ

ျမနမာႏငငတြငျဖစပြားသည သဘာဝေဘးအႏရာယမား၊ တကပြမားႏင လမႈေရး ပဋပကၡမားေၾကာင ထခက

ခစားရသ လဥးေရ ၅ သနးေကာ၏ လအပခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငရန ကလသမဂၢႏင မတဖက အဖြ႔

အစညးမားမ ၂၀၁၇ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာတ႔ျပနေရးစမကနး က အေမရကနေဒၚလာ သနး (၁၅၀) ျဖင

စတင လာထားခပါသည။ ထစမကနးမာ ကခငျပညနယ၊ ရမးျပညနယ ႏင ရခငျပညနယမားရ ရပရြာမား၊ ေနရပ

စြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသစခနးမား၊ လကခရပရြာမားတြင ေနထငေနၾကရေသာ အမးသမး ႏင ကေလးငယ (၈၀)

ရာခငႏႈနးပါဝငသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ ၂၁၈,၀၀၀ က ဥးတညပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးရျခငးမရဘ

မမတ႔၏ မလရပရြာမားတြငသာေနထငေနရေသာလညး လအပသည ဝနေဆာငမႈမားကလကလမးမမႈမရဘ၊

လသားခငးစာနာမႈအကအညမားႏင ကာကြယေစာငေရာကမႈက ဆကလကလအပလကရေသာ ထခကလြယ

သညအေျခအေနရ လေပါငး ၃၀၇,၀၀၀ အတြကလညး ရညမနးထားပါသည။ ထ႔ေၾကာင၂၀၁၇ ခႏစတြင အက

အညမားေပးရနလအပသည လဥးေရမာ ၅၂၅,၀၀၀ ျဖစၿပး၊ ၄ငးအေရအတြကမာ ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစတြင အကအည

လအပသ လဥးေရ တစသနးေကာမ ေလာနညးသြားျခငးျဖစပါသည။ လအပသည ရနပေငြပမာဏမာလညး

ေဒၚလာ သနး ၁၉၀ မ ၁၅၀ သ႔ ေလာကသြားပါသည။ ယငးသ႔ ေလာကသြားရျခငးမာ ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစ ေရေဘးတ႔ျပန

ေဆာငရြကေရးလပငနးမား ၿပးဆးသြားျခငးေၾကာငျဖစၿပး၊ စရတသကသာၿပး အကးေကးဇးအမားဆးရသည

အကအညမားျဖန႔ေဝေပးမႈနညးလမးအသစမားေၾကာငလညးျဖစပါသည။ စစေပါငး ရနပေငြ လအပခကတြင

ရနပေငြအမားဆးအသးျပရနလအပေနသည က႑မာ စားနပရကၡာဖလေရးအတြက ျဖစၿပး ေဒၚလာ သနး ၅၀

လအပမညဟ လာထားပါသည။ ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစတြင ကငးပခသည ကမာၻ႔လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ထပသးညလာခ

တြင ေဆြးေႏြးခသညအေၾကာငးအရာမားႏငအည၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာတ႔ျပနေရးစမကနးသည ကလသမဂၢ






၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ

တျပနေဆာငရြကေရး စမကနး၏ အဓက

အခကမား

ပညာေရး အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၁၄၁,၀၀၀ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၇.၁ သနး လအပ

စားနပရကၡာဖလေရး

အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၃၈၃,၅၂၅ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၅၀ သနး လအပ

ကနးမာေရး

အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၄၇၄,၂၂၈ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁၆.၅ သနး လအပ

အာဟာရ အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၁၂၁,၆၅၈ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁၄.၁ သနး လအပ

ကာကြယေစာငေရာကေရး အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၂၂၄,၃၃၆ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၂၀.၂ သနး လအပ

စခနးညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကမႈႏင စမခန႔႔ခြမႈ/ေနထငရာ အမးအကာ/ အစားအစာ မဟတသည ပစၥညးမား အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၂၁၇,၅၁၄ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၂၀.၃ သနး လအပ

ေရ ၊ ပတဝနးကင ႏင တစကယရည သန႔႔ရငးေရး အကအညလအပသ လဥးေရ ၃၅၆,၀၁၄ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁၇ သနး လအပ

ညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကေရး ႏင ပမနဝနေဆာငမႈမား အတြက အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၅.၁ သနး လအပ

အေထြေထြအတြငးေရးမႉးခပ၏ ‘လသားခငးစာနာမႈထားေရးလပငနးစဥ’က ျမနမာႏငငတြင အေကာငအထည

ေဖာႏငရန မေဘာငခမတေပးျခငးျဖစပါသည။

၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ

တ႔ျပနေရးစမကနး တြင ေတာငးခခသည

အေမရကန ေဒၚလာ သနး ၁၉၀ မ ႏစကန

ဆးခနတြင ေဒၚလာ ၁၀၄ သနး ရရခၿပး၊

ေတာငးခခသည ရနပေငြ၏ ၅၅ ရာခငႏႈနး

က ရရချခငးျဖစပါသည။ ႀကးမားသည

လအပခကမား ရခေသာလညး၊ အခ႕

က႑မားမာ ရနပေငြရရမႈ အလြန နညးပါး

ခပါသည။ အလရငမားထမ ရနပေငြ

အနညးဆး ရရခသည က႑မားမာ

ပညာေရး (၁၄%) ႏင ကနးမာေရး

(၁၃%) တ႔ျဖစၾကပါသည။ ၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ

တြင ကေလးငယေပါငး ၁၄၀,၀၀၀ ေကာ

မာ ပညာေရးႏငသကဆငသည အကအညမားလအပမညဟ ခန႔မနးထားၿပး ထလအပခကမားက ျဖညဆညး

ႏငရနအတြက လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာတ႔ျပနေရးစမကနးမတစဆင အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၇.၁ သနး ေတာငးခ

ထားပါသည။ ရခငျပညနယရ စခနးမားတြင ေနထငေနၾကရသည ေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ ကေလးသငယမား

ႏင ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမား ေတြ႔ႀကေနရသည ပညာေရးဆငရာ အခကအခမားအား သရႏငရနအတြက လသားခငး

စာနာမႈဆငရာညႇႏႈငးေရးရးမ အသစရကကးထားသည ျဖစရပမနအေျခခ “ေမာလငခကထားတတေစ”

(Learning to Hope) ဗဒယ အားၾကညရႈေလလာႏငပါသည။

ဓာတပ - လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာညႇႏႈငးေရးရး

ရခငျပညနယ (ၾသဂတလ ၂၀၁၆) - စစေတြ ၿမ႕အစြနအဖားရ ေဘာဒဖာေနရပစြန႔ခြာတမးေရာငသစခနး (၂) တြင ရသည ကေလးငယမား အတြက

ယာယစာသငၾကားသညေနရာ။










ထပမသရလပါက ဆကသြယရန - ဒယနယ ပယရ ၊ အစရငခစာမား ႏင လထသတငးထတျပနေရး အရာရ ၊ [email protected] ၊ ဖနး (+၉၅) ၉၇၉ ၇၀၀၇ ၈၁၆

ဖပယရြန ၊ ျပနၾကားဆကသြယေရးအရာရ ၊ [email protected] ၊ ဖနး (+၉၅) ၉၇၉ ၇၀၀၇ ၈၁၅

OCHA လသားခငးစာနာမႈသတငးလႊာမား ရယရန - www.unocha.org/Myanmar | www.unocha.org | www.reliefweb.int

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၂၀၁၇ ခႏစ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ တ႔ျပနေဆာငရြကေရး စမကနး

လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးရးမ ထတေဝသည သတငးအခကအလက အသစမား ကရငႏင ရမးျပညနယေတာငပငး၏ ေနာကဆးရ အခကအလကမား။ ၇ ေအာကတဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငငရ ကလသမဂၢဌာေန ညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉးႏင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉး၏ ထတျပနခက။ ၁၁ ေအာကတဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငင၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ သတငး လႊာအႏစခပ။ ၃၁ ေအာကတဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ရခငျပညနယရ ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာတမးေရာငသ စခနး မား တညေနရာျပ ေျမပ။ စကတငဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ကခငႏင ရမးျပညနယရ ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငသစခနးမား တညေနရာျပ ေျမပ။ စကတငဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ရမးျပညနယတြင အသစထပမ ေနရပစြန႔႔ခြာ တမးေရာငရမႈႏင ေနရပျပနမႈ အေျခအေန။ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးရး၊ စကတငဘာ-ႏဝငဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငင၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ သတငး လႊာအႏစခပ။ ၃၁ ေအာကတဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ တ႔ျပနေဆာငရြကေရး စမကနး။ ဇနနဝါရ - ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၇ ျမနမာႏငင၊ ရခငျပညနယေျမာကပငးရ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ အေျခအေန။ ၁၃ ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငင၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ လအပခကမား၊ အကဥးခပ။ ၂၀၁၇ ျမနမာႏငငရ ကလသမဂၢဌာေန ညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉးႏင လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ ညႇႏႈငးေရးမႉး၏ ထတျပနခက။ ၂၀ ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၆ ျမနမာႏငင၊ လသားခငးစာနာမႈဆငရာ သတငး လႊာအႏစခပ။ ဒဇငဘာ ၂၀၁၆




http://www.unocha.org/Myanmar

http://www.unocha.org/

http://www.reliefweb.int/

http://www.facebook.com/OCHAMyanmar

































Myanmar Humanitarian Report Collection 2017

Data & Analytics

Transcript of Myanmar Humanitarian Report Collection 2017