My issue june 2013

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RNI NO. DELHIN/2010/32012

Ph.: 9266990078, 9717580686 E-mail : [email protected]

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[email protected] Blog :bedharaknews.blogspot.com

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cs/M+d dye ls-----laikndh;

E-mail us: [email protected]

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vkt uDlyokn ns'k dh lcls cM+k leL;k cu x;k gS ysfdu vkfnokfl;ksa dh leL;k dHkh Hkh ns'k dh leL;k ugha culdh cfYd vkfnokfl;ksa dks gh rFkkdfFkr eq[;/kjk dk leL;k eku fy;k x;k gS D;ksafd os gh çkÑfrd lalk/uksa dks iwathifr;ksadks lkSaiuk ugha pkgrs gSa vkSj ;gh ns'k dh lcls cM+k leL;k gSA

vkfnokfl;ksa ds la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl ;g crkrk gS fd budk la?k"kZ gh çkÑfrd lalk/uksa – ty] taxy] tehu] •fut vkSj igkM+dks cpkus ds fy, gSA pkgs ;g la?k"kZ vktknh ls igys vaxzstksa ds f•ykiQ gks ;k orZeku 'kkldksa ds fo#¼A os ;g le> pqds gSafd çÑfr esa gh mudk vfLrRo gS] blfy, os vius la?k"kZ ls çkÑfrd lalk/u vkSj Lo;a dks cpkuk pkgrs gSaA

orZeku ifjçs{; esa uDlyokn vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ds leL;kvksa dk gy ;gh gS fd muds lalk/uksa dks u ywVk tk,] muds chpekuo lalk/u dk cM+s iSekus ij fodkl gks] muds ctV dk fgLlk bZekunkjh ls muds fy, •pZ fd;k tk,] laoS/kfud çko/ku o dkuwu ykxw fd;s tk,a vkSj lcls t:jh ;g gS fd mUgsa cjkcjh dk ntkZ nsdj vkfnoklh n'kZu ij vk/kfjr fodkl çfØ;kvksadks vkxs c<+k;k tk,A

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•kus es vpkj]xjhch esa jkstxkj] etcwjhesa ljdkj] cq<+kis esagfj}kj] rFkk thou esaHk z"Vkpkj] lq• dk

vk/kj gksrk gSA ckck cq¼ us thou HkjdfBu riL;k djds irk yxk;k Fkk fdr`".kk lHkh nq•ksa dk dkj.k gSA ysfdu vktdk cPpk Hkh tkurk gS dh Hkz"Vkpkj lHkhnq•ksa dk fuokj.k gSA

dqN vKkuh yksx dgrs gSa fd Hkz"Vkpkjlekt ds fy, dyad gS] dks<+ gSA ysfdumudks irk ugha fd 'ksDlfi;j th us dgkFkk fd nqfu;k esa dqN Hkh vPNk ;k cqjk ughagksrk gS] cfYd gekjh lksp mls oSlk cuknsrh gSA vc nsf•;s fdlh 'kk;j us dgk gSfd& yhd yhd xkM+h pys] yhd fga yhddiwrA yhd NkaM+h rhubZ pysa] 'kk;j] flag]liwrA vxj bldks vkt ds nkSj esa bl rjgdgsa fd& lc diwr yhd fg pysa] dsoyrhu bZ NkaM+hA rhu liwr cl ns'k esa]dfueks>h] jktk] dyekM+hA yhd ls gVdjpyus okys liwrksa dks rks HkkjrjRu nsukpkfg,A

Hkz"Vkpkj vPNk ;k cqjk ugha gksrk gScfYd gekjh lksp vPNh ;k cqjh gksrh gSAeryc ;fn vkius Hkz"Vkpkj ls dek;k rksvPNkA vkSj vxj Hkz"Vkpkj ls xaok;k rkscqjkA Hkz"Vkpkj fd efgek cgqr C;kid gSAdsoy Hkz"Vkpkjh gh ugha] lnkpkjh vkSjnqjkpkjh Hkh blds xq.k xkrs gSaA Hkz"Vkpkj dhvusd fdLesa gekjs ns'k esa ik;h tkrh gSaAoSls Hkh gekjk ns'k dHkh Ñf"k ç/ku jgkgksxk] ij vktdy] Hkz"Vkpkj ç/ku gks x;kgSA nslh ls ysdj fons'kh fdLe ds Hkz"Vkpkjgekjs ns'k esa cgqrk;r esa ik;s tkrs gSaA

yksxksa dk joS;k Hkz"Vkpkj ds fy, ges'kkls nksxyk jgk gSA turk Hkz"Vkpkj djs] rksmls etcwjh dgrs gSA usrk] viQlj] Hkz"Vkpkjdjsa rks mls ?kwl•?ksjh dgrs gSaA eafnj esaHkxoku ls dke djkus ds fy,] xqIrnkudjks rks lnkpkj gSA viQlj] usrk ls dkedjkus ds fy, /u nku djks rks Hkz"Vkpkj gSAHkz"Vkpkj rks ,lh oftZr fç; pht gS] ftlslc djuk pkgrs gSa] exj vius fglkc lsA

Hkz"Vkpkj ls bl ns'k dks fdrus iQk;nsgq;s gSa] dHkh ew•Z turk us lkspk gh ughaAiSnk gksus ls ysdj ejus rd] Hkz"Vkpkjgekjh fdruh enn djrk gS] tjk ,d ckjlksfp, rks lghA cPpk iSnk djus ds fy,]vxj ljdkjh vLirky Bhd gksa] rks çkbosVvLirky cspkjs D;k djsaxs\ ljdkjh vLirkyksadk Hkz"Vkpkj] fdrus MkDVjksa vkSj ulks± dksjkstxkj nsrk gS] bldk dksbZ fglkc ughaA

cPpksa ds Ldwy ,Mfelu esa vxjHkz"Vkpkj uk gks] rks D;k iSls okyksa dkseuekfiQd Ldwy esa ,Mfelu gks ik,xkAvkSj lHkh fjD'ks rkaxs okys vius cPpksa dksifCyd Ldwyksa esa ugha i<+kus yxsaxsA xjhcksafd ckr djds eS ns'k ds xzksFk dks Mkmu ughadjuk pkgrkA blds vykok vxj ijh{kkvksaesa Hkz"Vkpkj uk gks rks D;k vki vius liwrksadks euekfiQd uacj fnyok ik,axs\

'kknh C;kg esa vxj Hkz"Vkpkj uk gks] rksD;k nwYgs dks euilan xkM+h] Vhoh] fÚtfeysxk\ vxj gekjs ns'k ds yksx Hkz"Vkpkjdjds dkyk iSlk uk tek djs gksrs] rksfo'o fd vkfFkZd eanh esa D;k gekjs ns'k fdvFkZC;oLFkk fLFkj jg ikrh\ thou ds gj{ks=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj us gesa fdruk lgkjk fn;kgSA geus dHkh fglkc gh ugha yxk;kA

lksfp, vxj Hkz"Vkpkj ugha gksrk rksljdkj fd ;kstukvksa ls ,d nks lky esa ghturk dk isV Hkj tkrkA vkSj og ljdkj lsdqN vkSj ekaxus yxrhA og rks cspkjk Hkz"VkpkjgS] ftlus xjhc dks xjhc gh cuk j•k gS]vkSj og viuh jksVh ds tqxkM+ esa gh yxkjgrk gS] ugha rks ljdkj dh fLFkjrk dks•rjk gks tk,xkA vkSj vxj turk dk isVHkj x;k rks ljdkj D;k ik¡p lky rd >•ekjsxhA ugha rks Hkz"Vkpkj us gh lcdks jkstxkjns j•k gS] turk dks Hkh vkSj ljdkj dksHkhA ns'k dh cgqr cM+h leL;k jkstxkj dkgy gS Hkz"VkpkjA ftlus Hkz"Vkpkj dk lq•Hkksxk gS ogh tkurk gSA gekjs ,d usrk usD;k •wc dgk gS fd& iSlk dksbZ •qnk rksugha] exj •qnk dle mlls de Hkh ughaAblhfy, esjk ekuuk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj lq• dkvk/kjA lnkpkj] thou dk caVk/kjA

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vkMok.kh% fganqRo dh jktuhfr dk foosdkUnvkt Hkys gh yksx dks Hkktik ds

vkMok.kh dks Hkh"e firkeg dg jgs gksa]fdUrq eSa jktx ds tekus ls gh(tcoktis;h vkSj vkMok.kh dk vge ,dkf/dckj Vdjk;k) mUgsa fganqRo dh jktuhfrdk foosdkuan dgrk jgk gw¡A vkt tc fdvkMok.kh us Hkktik dh jk"Vªh;dk;Zdkfj.kh]lalnh; cksMZ vkSj pquko lfefrls gVus dk pje fu.kZ; ys y;k gS] mUgsaiqu% fganqRo dh jktuhfr dk foosdkuandgus dk eu dj jgk gSA tkur gSa D;ksa\

,Mou vkj~ukYM dh ^ykbV vkWiQ,f'k;k* i<+dj fgUnqLrku igqaps la?kyh ckS/fHk{kq /eZiky us tc ckS¼ /eZ dh nqnZ'kkns•dj Hkkjr dks ckS¼ /eZ&/kjk esa cgk nsusdh lag ?kks"k.kk fd;k]tUetkr /ekZf/dkjhczkã.k Hk; ls dkaius yxs A oSls le; esa/eZiky ds lkeku gh vlk/kj.kçfrHkk'kkyh foosdkuan rkjudrkZ cudjlkeus vk;s vkSj mudh pqukSrh dk liQyrkds lkFk lkeuk fd;kA ;gh ugha ijoZrhdkyesa f'kdkxks ds fo'o /eZ lEeysu esa /eZiky vkSj ,suolsaV bR;kfn ds lg;ksx lspje vekuoh; fgUnw&/eZ dks fo'opSfEi;u cuok fn;k A bl vlk/kj.k ÑRods U;wure iqjLdkj Lo:i foosdkuan dksfdlh /ke dk 'kadjkpk;Z cuuk pkfg, FkkAfdUrq 'kwæ gksus ds dkj.k os U;wure iqjLdkjls oapr gq, gh]fo'o/eZ lEeysu ls okilhij mUgsa dbZ txg mu czkã.kksa ds jks"k dkf'kdkj cukuk iM+k ftudk ekuuk Fkk fd'kwæ gksus ds ukrs foosdkuan dksvè;kRekuq'khyu dk vf/dkj ughaA çk;%100 lky ckn ,y ds vkMok.kh usfoosdkuan ds bfrgkl dh iqujko`r fd;kA

/eZiky ds HkkjrHkwfe ij vkxeu dslkS lky ckn tc vxLr 1990 esa eaMyfjiksVZ çdkf'kr gqbZ] mlls u fliQZ 'kfÙkQ dsdqN lzksrksa esa fiNMksa dh Hkxhnkjh dk ekxZç'kLr gqvk cfYd mlls Hkh vkxs c<+dj

cgqtuksa dh tkfr psruk dk tksjktuhrhdj.k gqvk mlls] lkekftd U;k;ds lSykc esa fgUnqLrkuh lkezkT;okfn;ksa dsèoLr gks tkus ds vklkj iSnk gks x,A ,slsle; esa vkMok.kh muds =kkrk cudj lkeusvk;sA mUgksaus 25 lrEcj 1990 dks jketUe Hkwfe eqfÙkQ vkUnksyu ds uke ij jFk;k=kk fudky dj lkekftd U;k; dh /kjkdks gh vU; fn'kk esa eksM+ fn;kA mudsjketUe Hkwfe vkUnksyu ls tkfr psruk dsÅij /kfeZd psruk dk jktuhrdj.k gkohgks x;k vkSj ijorhZ pj.k esa Hkktik lÙkk esavk xbZA ftl rjg mUgksaus vius ,dyç;kl ls Hkktik dks 'kwU; ls f'k•j ijigq¡pk;k ]mlls vU; dksbZ laxBu gksrk rksfliQZ vkSj fliQZ vMok.kh ç/kuea=kh cukrsA

fdUrq oSlk ugha gqvk rks blfy, la?kdk y{; czkã.kksa ds gkFk esa lÙkk dh yxkeFkekdj vYitku lo.kkZsa ds fgrksa dh j{kkdjuk jgk gS A la?k ds bl iQkewZys ds dkj.kvczkã.k vMok.kh dh txg]ml czkã.kvVy cgkjh oktis;h dks ç/kuea=kh cuusdk volj feyk tks nwj cSBs vkMok.kh dseafnj vkUnksyu dks fugkj jgs FksA

ftudk eafnj vkUnksyu esa ek=k brukvonku jgk fd mUgksaus bls Lo/huksÙkj Hkkjrdk lcls cM+k vkUnksyu djkj nsus dklkgl tqVk;kA rks D;k ,slk ugha yxrk fd

vkMok.kh fganqRo dh jktuhfr ds foosdkuangSa\

cgjgky ge cgqtuoknh utfj, lspkgsa rks foosdkuUn dks czkã.kokn dk nkl*vkSj vkMok.kh dks ^lkEçnk;d vkSjcgqtu&'k=kq* dg ldrs gSaA ij]bles dksbZ'kd ugha fd vkè;kRe ds {ks=k esa foosdkuanvkSj jktuhfr ds {ks=k esa vkMok.kh us fgUnwlkezkT;okn;ksa ds fgr esa lokZsPp Lrj dh;ksX;rk çnZ'ku dk tks n"VkUr LFkkfir fd;kgS ]mlds ge dk;y gq, fcuk ugha jgldrsA vkt cgqr ls yksx vMok.kh dhrqyuk muds gh psys eksnh ls dj jgs gSaA ;gvkMok.kh dk vieku gSA eksnh D;k vVycgkjh oktis;h dk vonku vkMok.kh dsle{k ugha ds cjkcj gSA fganqRo dh jktuhfresa gsMxsokj dks viokn eku fy;k tk; rks,d ls nl rd uacj fliQZ vkMok.kh dksfey ldrk gSA eq>s [kq'kh gS fd 2099 esaeSaus 1500 i"Bh; MkboflZVh b;j cqd fganqRodh jktuhr ds foosdkuan dks lefiZr dhFkhA D;ksafd esjk ekuuk jgk gS fd rekedfe;ksa ds ckotwn Lo/huksÙkj Hkkjr dhjktuhr dks bafnjk xk¡/h vkSj dka'khjke dsckn ftl rjg vkMok.kh us çHkkfor fd;kmldh elky eqf'dy gSA gekjh dkeuk gSfd dqnjr vMok.kh dks Ñr?u la?k ifjokjdks ;ksX; tokc nsus dh 'kfÙkQ nsA

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dkaxzsl usrRo okyh ;wih,&nks dh ljdkjus vius pkj lky iwjs dj fy;s gSa- cs'kdbl volj ij ljdkj viuh miyfC/;kafxukdj brjk jgh gS] ysfdu mlds nkeuij yxs Hkz"Vkpkj ds nkxksa us mldh miyfC/;ksa dh ped iQhdh dj nh gS- o"kZ 2009esa ljdkj us oknk fd;k Fkk fd 100 fnu dsvanj egaxkbZ de gksxh] vFkZO;oLFkk esa lq/kj gksxk- Hkz"Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSj uDlyokndkcw esa gksxk- f'k{kk] LokLF;] lqj{kk] tyvkiwfrZ] LoPNrk] xzkeh.k fodkl] Ñf"k]jkstxkj] •k| ,oa iks"k.k esa lq/kj ds lkFk

efgyk] nfyr] vkfnoklh] cPps ,oavYila[;dksa ds fodkl o dY;k.k ds fy,ldkjkRed dne mBk, tk,axs- ysfdu ljdkjokns dh dlkSVh ij •jk ugha mrjh-

bl okns ds 1460 fnuksa ds ckn HkhegaxkbZ pje ij gS- tek•ksjh] rsy ewY;ksa esavfLFkjrk vkSj xSj lfClMh okys flysaMjksa dsewY;ksa esa Hkkjh o`f¼ us bl nnZ dks vkSj c<+kfn;k gS- ljdkj dh uhfrxr viaxrk dhotg ls vFkZO;oLFkk cngky gS- fons'kh eqækHkaMkj dh deh gks x;h gS- jktdks"kh; ?kkVkc<+rk tk jgk gS- fu;kZr esa yxkrkj fxjkoVvkSj vk;kr esa Hkkjh o`f¼ ls O;kikj ?kkVkvjcksa MkWyj ds ikj gS- pkyw •krs dk ?kkVk

ls fuiVus dk dksbZ mik; ugha jg x;k gS-ckjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dk çk:i

r; djrs le; 9 iQhlnh fodkl nj dky{; fu/kZfjr Fkk] ysfdu vkt og U;wureLrj ij gS- foÙk ea=kky; us 5-7 ls 5-9iQhlnh ds chp fodkl nj gksus dk vuqekuyxk;k gS- ;g vR;ar fujk'kktud igyw gS-ÅtkZ ladV ls fuiVus ds fy, vesfjdk lsijek.kq djkj fd;k x;k gS- vkSus&ikSus nkeksaesa dks;yk •nkuksa dk vkoaVu fd;k] ysfdumldk iQk;nk ugha feyk-

Hkz"Vkpkj dh otg ls çkÑfrd xSl]dks;yk vkSj fctyh mRiknu esa Hkkjh dehvk;h gS- urhtru dy&dkj•kuksa ds ifg,

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BIi gSa vkSj mRikfnr oLrqvksa dh dherc<+rh tk jgh gS- bldk •kfe;ktk vketudks Hkqxruk iM+ jgk gS- f'k{kk vkSj LokLF;lekt dh cqfu;knh t#jr gS] ysfdu bunksuksa ekspkZs ij Hkh ;wih,&nks dh ljdkjfoiQy gS- mlus 2009 esa f'k{kk ij thMhihdk 6 iQhlnh •pZ djus dk oknk fd;k Fkk]ysfdu y{; vHkh Hkh dkslksa nwj gS- gkykafdcPpksa ds fy, f'k{kk dk vf/dkj dkuwuykxw fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu mldk tehuhiQk;nk dgha ugha fn•rk- futh {ks=k dsLdwy xjhc cPpksa dks f'k{kk nsus dks rS;kjugha gS-

ljdkj dh egRokdka{kh ;kstuk feMMs ehy Hkz"Vkpkj dh HksaV p<+ pqdh gS-LokLF; {ks=k esa Hkh ljdkj dh miyfC/;ka'kwU; gSa- bu pkj lkyksa esa og mlus xjhcksads LokLF; lq/kj dh fn'kk esa dqN ughafd;k gS- •klrkSj ij vuqlwfpr tkfrtutkfr oxks± ds chp] tgka cky e`R;qnjvkSj dqiks"k.k dh leL;k fparktud Lrjij tk igqaph gS- bu pkj lkyksa esa ljdkjdk iwjk è;ku LokLF; {ks=k esa ljdkjh •pZc<+kus ds ctk; futh {ks=k dk fuos'k c<+kusij fVdk jgk-

gkykafd ljdkj us us'kuy :jy gsYFkfe'ku vkSj LokLF; chek ;kstuk ykxw djljkguh; dne mBk;k gS] ysfdu mldkykHk vke vkneh rd ugha igqap ik;k-ekfuVfjax ds vHkko esa ,uvkj,p,e ;kstukds /u dks tedj ywVk tk jgk gS- o"kZ2009 esa ljdkj us oknk fd;k Fkk fd 2015rd lHkh ds fy, is;ty miyC/ gksxk-Hkkjr fuekZ.k dk;ZØe ds tfj, bl y{;dks gkfly djuk Fkk] ysfdu ljdkjjktuhfrd ykHk ds fy, fliQZ ;kstuk dkçpkj&çlkj dj jgh gS- tehuh Lrj ijdqN cnyko ux.; gS-

ljdkj ds pkj o"kks± ds ctVh; vkoaVuij xkSj djsa rks ugha yxrk gS fd og bldsçfr xaHkhj gS- urhtk lkeus gS- egkjk"Vªlesr dbZ jkT; is;ty ladV ls tw> jgs gSa-dguk eqf'dy gS fd ljdkj 'ks"k ,d o"kZds dk;Zdky esa xzkeh.k tykiwfrZ vkSj LoPNrk

dk;ZØe ds y{;ksa dks gkfly dj ldsxh-xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj jkstxkj ds {ks=k esa Hkhljdkj us vius gkFk •M+s dj fn;s gSa- bl{ks=k esa ljdkjh •pZ thMhih dk nks iQhlnhHkh ugha gS-

eujsxk ;kstuk ykxw djrs oÙkQ ljdkjus nkok fd;k Fkk fd blls yksxksa dks jkstxkjfeysxk- xkaoksa ls iyk;u Fkesxk] ysfdu ,slkdqN ugha gqvk- ;g ;kstuk iwjh rjg Hkz"Vkpkjdk dsaæ cu pqdh gS- ekStwnk ctV esa eujsxk;kstuk dh /ujkf'k esa dVkSrh ls lkiQ gS fd;kstuk ls ljdkj dk Hkh eksgHkax gks x;k gS-xzkeh.k gkmflax ;kstuk dk ykHk Hkh vkevkneh dh ugha fey jgk gS- fcpkSfy, gkohgSa- dguk xyr u gksxk fd ljdkj bu pkjlkyksa esa xzkeh.k {ks=k esa cqfu;knh <kapk rS;kjdjus esa iwjh rjg foiQy jgh-

ljdkj us oknk fd;k Fkk fd xzkeh.k{ks=kksa esa cSad dtZ dks nksxquk fd;k tk,xk-flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dk foLrkj gksxk- fdlkuksadks de C;kt nj ij nksxquk dtZ fn;ktk,xk] ysfdu bl fn'kk esa dqN ugha gqvkgS- gka] xkzeh.k {ks=kksa esa cSadksa dh la[;k c<+hgS] ysfdu dtZ dk ykHk fdlkuksa dks ughafey jgk gS- cSad fdlkuksa dks Ñf"k ½.k nsusesa vkukdkuh dj jgs gSa-

vius fiNys dk;Zdky esa ljdkj usfdlkuksa ds fy, 70 gtkj djksM+ #i, lsvf/d ds dtZ ekiQ fd, Fks] ysfdu mldkvisf{kr ykHk fdlkuksa dks ugha feyk- dSxdh fjiksVZ ls tkfgj gS fd blesa tedjHkz"Vkpkj gqvk- ½.kxzLrrk dh otg lsvkt Hkh fdlku vkRegR;k dj jgs gSa]ysfdu ljdkj gkFk ij gkFk /jh cSBh gS- ogviuh ?kks"k.kk ds vuqlkj •k| ,oa iks"k.kvlqj{kk dks nwj djus esa ukdke jgh gS-

lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh lq/kj dhçfØ;k ciQZ•kus esa gS- vc tc vke pqukoflj ij gS] rks ljdkj •k| lqj{kk dkuwuykxw djus dh gM+cM+h fn•k jgh gS- fuf'pr#i ls blls xjhch vkSj dqiks"K.k ls yM+usesa enn feysxh] ysfdu bl ij laln dheqgj yxuHk~ t#jh gS- foi{k pkgrk gS fdljdkj mlds lq>koksa dks lqus vkSj ml ij

vey djs] ysfdu ljdkj blds fy, rS;kjugha gS- ;wih,&nks efgykvksa] cPps] nfyr]vkfnoklh ,oa vYila[;d fgrksa dh j{kkdjus esa Hkh foiQy lkfcr gqbZ gS- ?kjsyw fgalkvf/fu;e ikfjr gksus ds ckn Hkh efgykvksaij vR;kpkj tkjh gS- fnYyh cykRdkjdkaM ds ckn ns'kO;kih tukØks'k ls cpus dsfy, mlus l[r dkuwu dk çko/ku fd;kx;k] ysfdu iqfyl&ç'kklu dh fuf"Ø;rkdh otg ls ml ij vey gksuk vlaHko gS-

vkfnoklh lekt yacs vjls ls vkoklh;Hkwfe vkSj Ñf"k ds fy, tehu dh ekax djjgk gS] ysfdu ljdkj mUgsa Hkjkslk Hkj ns jghgS- mldh uh;r vkSj ea'kk lkiQ ugha gS- bupkj o"kks± esa ;wih,&nks dks ?kiys&?kksVkys vkSjHkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k •wc tyhy gksuk iM+k-Vw&th LisDVªe vkoaVu esa ,d yk• fNgÙkjgtkj djksM+ #i, ds ?kksVkys ls ns'k lUu jgx;k- gkykafd ljdkj dqrdks± ls viuk cpkodjrh jgh] ysfdu , jktk lesr dbZ fnXxtksadks frgkM+ dh lSj djuh iM+h-

jk"VªeaMy •sy esa gq, Hkz"Vkpkj dksysdj ljdkj dh •wc Fkw&Fkw gqbZ- •sy vk;kstulfefr ds vè;{k dyekM+h dks tsy tkukiM+k- dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;qÙkQ ds in ij ihtsFkkel dh fu;qfÙkQ çdj.k us ç/kuea=kh dhlk• pkSiV dj nh- mUgsa u dsoy U;k;ky;ls iQVdkj •kuh iM+h] cfYd ns'k ls ekiQhekaxuh iM+h- jgh&lgh dlj dks;yk vkoaVu?kksVkys us iwjk dj fn;k- dksyxsV dh tkapdj jgh lhchvkbZ dh LVsVl fjiksVZ ls NsM+NkM+çdj.k esa ljdkj jaxs gkFk /jh x;h-

U;k;ky; dh iQVdkj ds ckn dkuwuea=khdks bLrhiQk nsuk iM+k- ?kwl ds ,d çdj.kesa ljdkj ds jsyea=kh iou caly dks Hkh inR;kxuk iM+k- bu pkj o"kks± esa ns'k vufxurckj vkradh vkSj uDlyh geys ls jÙkQjaftrgks pqdk gS- lhek ij iM+kslh ns'k phu vkSjikfdLrku us eku&lEeku ds lkFk f•yokM+fd;k- ns•uk fnypLi gksxk fd uSfrdrkvkSj pfj=k ds ladV ls xqtj jgh ;wih,&nksdh ljdkj pkSFkh o"kZxkaB ij vkRefparudjrh gS ;k ns'k ls fnYyxh-

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uDlyokn HkVdk gqvk vkanksyu gS A ;gv/S;Z dh mit gS A bldh cLrh esa ekuorkdh dksbZ c;kj ugha cgrh A ;g i'kq;qx dhokilh dk miØe gS ftlds ewy esa gS fgalkvkSj fliQZ fgalkA ;g tu ds yqVs gq, lRo dsfy, ugha vfirq fgrfu"V rkdrksa dh jktuSfrdlÙkk ds fy, la?k"kZ ek=k gS] ftUgsa oLrqr%turk ds dY;k.k ls dksbZ okLrk ugha gS ArFkkdfFkr lektoknh ewy y{;ksa dh lk/ukls u vc fdlh dekaMj dks ysuk nsuk gS uoSpkfjd lw=k/kjksa dks A og iFkHkz"V vkSjfljfiQjs yksxksa dh jk{klh çofÙk;ksa vkSj fgaldxfrfof/;ksa dk nwljk uke gS A jgs gksaxs mldsvuq;k;h dHkh lrk;s gq, yksxksa ds nsork] vcrks mudk nkeu vkfnokfl;ksa] xjhc vkSj vglk;yksxksa ds •wu ls jax pqdk gS A mlds esuksiQsLVksesa vc nhu&nq•h] ihfMr&nfyr] ekjs&lrk;s

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uDlyokn%& uDlyokn dE;qfuLV Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ml vkanksyu dk vukSipkfjduke gS tks Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV vkanksyu ds iQyLo:i mRiUu gqvkA uDly 'kCn dhmRifÙk if'pe caxky ds NksVs ls xk¡o uDlyckM+h ls gqbZ gS tgk¡ Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZds usrk pk: etwenkj vkSj dkuw lkU;ky us ûùö÷ es lÙkk ds f•ykiQ ,d l'kL=kvkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr dhA etwenkj phu ds dE;wfuLV usrk ekvksRls rqax ds cgqr cM+sç'kaldksa esa ls Fks vkSj mudk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkkjrh; etnwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh nqnZ'kk dsfy;s ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ ftEesnkj gSa ftldh otg ls mPp oxks± dk 'kklu ra=k vkSjiQyLo#i Ñf"kra=k ij opZLo LFkkfir gks x;k gSA bl U;k;ghu neudkjh opZLo dksdsoy l'kL=k Økafr ls gh lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ûùö÷ esa (uDlyokfn;ksa) usdE;qfuLV Økafrdkfj;ksa dh ,d vf•y Hkkjrh; leUo; lfefr cukbZA bu foæksfg;ksa usvkSipkfjd rkSj ij Lo;a dks Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ls vyx dj fy;k vkSj ljdkjds f•ykiQ Hkwfexr gksdj l'kL=k yM+kbZ NsM+ nhA ûù÷û ds vkarfjd foæksg (ftldsvxqvk lR;ukjk;.k flag Fks) vkSj etwenkj dh e`R;q ds ckn ;g vkanksyu ,dkf/d'kk•kvksa esa foHkÙkQ gksdj dnkfpr vius y{; vkSj fopkj/kjk ls fopfyr gks x;kA

vkt dbZ uDlyh laxBu oS/kfud :i ls LohÑr jktuhfrd ikVhZ cu x;s gSa vkSjlalnh; pqukoksa esa Hkkx Hkh ysrs gSA ysfdu cgqr ls laxBu vc Hkh NÁ yM+kbZ esa yxsgq, gSaA uDlyokn ds fopkj/kjkRed fopyu dh lcls cM+h ekj vk¡/z çns'k] NÙkhlx<]mM+hlk] >kj•aM] vkSj fcgkj dks >syuh iM+ jgh gSA

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gq, ikjaifjd :i ls 'kksf"kr lekt ds çfr ugennhZ dh bckjr gS] u gh lekurk ewydewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj fo"kerkoknh ço`fr;ksadh lekfIr ds fy, ys'kek=k ladYi 'ks"kcpk gS A og Lo;a esa 'kks"k.k dk Hk;kudre~vkSj u;k laLdj.k cu pqdk gS A og vHkkoxzLr,oa lgt] ljy yksxksa ds eu&'kks"k.k ughacfYd ru&'kks"k.k dk Hkh taxyh va/sjk gS A,d eryc esa uDlyokn 'kksf"krksa ds f•ykiQfgald 'kks"kdksa dk ugha fn•kbZ nsus okyk'kks"k.k gS A de ls de NÙkhlx<+ ds niZ.kesa uDlyokn dk rks ;gh foÑr psgjk utjvkrk gSA uDlyokn ds ckSf¼d fgek;rhokXtky x<+rs gSa – ;g lektokn dh ØkafrdkjhvkSj vafre fof/ gS vkSj ekuookn dk laj{k.kgh mudk pje è;s; gSA ;fn lektoknhvkanksyu dh cqfu;kn esa ekuo çk.k ds çfrlEeku Fkk rks fiQj fujhg] funkZs"k yksxksa dks•qysvke dRy djus dh oSpkfjd oS/rkuDlfy;ksa us dgk¡ ls <w¡<+ fudkyhA ;g Hkhçdkjkarj ls lÙkkoknh ekufldrk dk ifj.kkegSa A bfrgkl esa xokfg;k¡ gS fd Hkkjrh; ijaijkesa lekt ds lHkh oxks± esa lekurk dh LFkkiukds fy, lapkfyr gj oSpkfjd vkanksyu dksvarr% turk dk Hkjiwj lkFk feyrk jgk gS Aij lyok tqMwe tSlk tu vkanksyu lkfcrdjrk gS fd uDlyokn euq"; dk fojks/h gSA tSlk fd uDlyh ekurs gSa fd os turk dsvf/dkjksa ds ig#, gSa vkSj mUgsa 'kks"k.k lseqÙkQ djuk gh mudk y{; gS rks os mlh'kksf"kr turk dh gR;k dh jktuhfr D;ksapykrs gSa A ;gk¡ mudh ;g djrwr D;k mUgsanf{k.kiaFkh iQkflTe ls ugha tksM+ nsrh gS\uDlyh ftl jkLrs ij py jgs gSa mlls varr%ykHkdkjh gksxk okWj baMLVªh dksA •kl djmUgsa tks gfFk;kjksa dh pksjh&fNis Hkkjr esavL=k&'kL=k dh vkiwfrZ dks fujarj cuk;s j•ukpkgrs gSa A budh ?kksj Økafrdkfjrk tSls 'kCnkoyhgh cdokl gSA mls ekuoh; xfjek dh LFkkiukdh yM+kbZ dguk uDlyokn dk lcls cM+k>wB gS A vn'; fdarq lcls cM+k lR; rks ;ghgS fd og lÙkk çkfIr dk xSj çtkrkaf=kd vkSjrkuk'kkgh (v)oSpkfjdh dk fgald la?k"kZgS A

uDlyokn dh /wr Zrk ds lkeuslektfoKkfu;ksa vkSj fopkjdksa dk 'kkL=k Hkh

vc iw.kZr% iQsy gks pqdk gS tgk¡ dHkh ;gekuk tkrk jgk fd uDlyokn dh mRifÙk esayksdrkaf=kd lÙkk dh yqPpkbZ vkSj VqPpkbZ Hkhjgh gS A mudh vksj ls dHkh rdZ x<+k tkrkjgk fd ns'k esa 92 çfr'kr etnwj vlaxfBr{ks=k esa dke djrs gSaA etnwjksa ds f•ykiQBsdsnkj]ekfyd ;k tehankj dh rjiQ ls fgalkdh tkrh gSA ftu mRiknd fj'rksa esa fgalk ,dnSfud deZ gks] ogka uDlyokn tSlhçfrjks/h xfrfof/;ksa dk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA;g Hkh Hkwy lkfcr gks pqdk gS A vkSj bl Hkwyds f'kdkj gksdj lSdM+ksa gtkjksa vlarq"V ;qok]cqf¼thoh vkSj csjkstxkj bl vkanksyu esa viukthou O;FkZ xok¡ pqds gSa A os Hkkjh Hkwy esa Fkstks ;g le>rs jgs fd os ekuoh; fgr ds fy,yM+ jgs gSa ;k os lekt ds fy, 'kghn gks jgsgSa A u muds vk¡xu dk va/sjk NaVk u ghxk¡o&lekt&ns'k dk A okLrfodrk rks ;gh gSfd tkus fdrus xjhc ek¡vksa dk vk¡py lwukgks pqdk gS A lSdM+ksa vle; oS/O; >sy jghgSaA gtkjksa cPps vkt lkekftd foLFkkiu >syjgs gSa A ,d vksj mUgsa fgalkoknh dh larkueku dj vlkekftd nf"V dks >syuk iM+ jgkgS nwljh vksj os vle; vkljkfoghu gks jgsgSa A gk¡ dHkh&dHkh muds firkvksa ds uke ijcus fdlh Le`fr iRFkj ij t:j nks&pkjtaxyh iQwy t:j ltk fn;s tkrs gSa A og Hkhblfy, fd Hkkoqd vkSj vkØksf'kr ;qok uDlfy;ksadks 'kghn gksus dk Hkze cuk jgs A ;g fliQZ<ksax vkSj uDlyokn dh dqfVy pkysa gSa] vkSjdqN ugha A cLrj vkSj ljxqtk dk Hkh ;qotuuDlyokn ds blh <ksax dk f'kdkj gks pqdkgS A

uDlyokn ls tq>rh ljdkjksa dh gkyrHkh iryh gks jgh gS A fodkl ds fy, vkjf{kr/ujkf'k dk ,d cM+k fgLlk iqfyl vkSj lSU;O;oLFkk ds uke ij O;; gks jgk gS tksvuqRiknd gS A blls rjg&rjg dh u;kHkz"Vªkpkj Hkh iui jgk gS A ;fn •cjksa ijfo'okl djsa rks uDly çHkkfor yksxksa ds fy,çk;ksftr jkgr ds uke ij fiQj ls cktkjoknhvkSj ywV&?klksV esa fo'okl j•us okys Bsdsankjksadks ubZ mtkZ fey jgh gS A

uDlyokn ekurh gS fd Hkkjr v/Z lkearh]v/Z vkSifuosf'kd jkt O;oLFkk okyk lektgSA gfFk;kjksa ds ekè;e ls os ;gka ihiYl

MseksØslh ;kuh loZgkjk dh lÙkk LFkkfir dhtk ldrh gS A bl eqís ij mxz okeiaFkh(uDlyh) vkSj mnkj okeiaFkh ds ns•us dkutfj;k fHkUu&fHkUu gSA mnkj okeiaFkh ;kuhlhihvkbZ] lhih,e] lhihvkbZ (ekys) tSlhjktuhfrd ikfVZ;ka laoS/kfud laLFkkvksa esa vkLFkktrkdj yksdrkaf=kd rjhds ls jktlÙkk gkflydjuk pkgrh gS tcfd blds Bhd foijhruDlyh bUgsa >wB ekurs gSaA mudh xfrfof/;ksadk eq[; mís'; gS ihiYl vkehZ xfBr djukA;g ,d rjg dk okeiaFkh lSU;okn gSA mxzokeiafFk;ksa vkSj mnkj okeiafFk;ksa ds chpfoHkktu dh eq[; otg gh gS fgalkA vkf•j;s uDlyh NÁ ekax dks R;kxdj yksdrkaf=kdrjhds ls la?k"kZ ds fy, rS;kj D;ksa ugha gksrs\funkZs"k yksxksa dh gR;k ds ihNs vkf•j mudkdkSu&lk vn`'; ,tsaMk gS \ D;k ;g ,duSfrd vijk/ ugh gS \ lcls cM+h ckr gS fd;g çtkrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dk laiw.kZ çfrjks/ gSftls drbZ lkekftd ekU;rk ugha fey ldrhA vkf•j ckrphr gks rks Hkh dSls \

vfrokfn;ksa dk ;g n'kZu Hkh HkVdko gS]feF;kRed gS fd ekvksRlsrqax dh eR;q ds ckn;g lc gqvk A lPpkbZ rks ;gh gS fd ekvksRlsrqax vfr jk"Vªoknh FksA ekvks us fyu I;kvks dksviuk mÙkjkf/dkjh cuk;kA og ges'kk jkT;ds fgr esa vkSj dkSeh jkT; ds fgr esa layXujgrk Fkk A fiQj ;s uDlyh fdu ,tsaMksa ijdke dj jgs gSa vkSj fdl rjg dh uS'kufyTedh jkg ij py jgs gSa] fdlh ls Nqik ugha gSvc A uDlyh ;k ekvksoknh ;fn •wu •jkckvkSj fgalk R;kx nsa vkSj ckdh ekaxsa j•sa rksT;knk laHko gS fd mudk ;g la?k"kZ lektvkSj ns'k ds fy, csgrj lkfcr gks A ysfdu•sn gS fd ;g mudk y{; de ls de vcrks og drbZ ugha jgk A ;fn ,slk gksrk rks osHkh lekt dh] ns'k dh vU; cqjkbZ;ksa vkSjnklrkoknh ekufldrk ds fo:¼ yM+rs A ;fn,slk gksrk rks os U;k; O;oLFkk esa lq/kj]U;wure etnwjh ;k osru] eknk H:.k gR;k]lkaçnkf;drk] /ekZa/rk vkSj vf'k{kk ds foijhrHkh ,dtwV gksrs A ;fn ,slk gksrk rks ;sHkz"Vªkpkj ds fo:¼ lcls cM+h yM+kbZ yM+rstks vkt oukapyksa dh gh ugha lewps Hkkjr dhlcls cM+h leL;k gS A vkSj ,slh lHkhfoæirkvksa dk •kRek leku mís';ksa dh lwph

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esa gksrh A rc dnkfpr~ ns'k dk vf/la[;dlekt Hkh tks vktknh ds bruh ycha vof/ dsckn Hkh cqfu;knh LoIuksa vkSj vkadk{kkvksa dksiQfyr gksrs ugha ns• ldk gS] muds oSpkfjdyM+kbZ esa lkFk gksrk A njvly vkRek ls ;sokeiaFkh gSa vkSj 'kjhj ls nf{k.k iaFk A lgtgh ;g ç'u mB •M+k gksrk gS fd uDlyhvke vkneh ds fgrS"kh gksrs rks mu yksxksa dksD;ksa ugha /edkrs tks vke yksxksa ds tkscM+s&cM+s nq'eu gS A tks jktuSfrd ra=k esa ?kwldj turk dk ygw ih jgs gSa vkSj tks lHkh dsf'kuk[rxh esa gSa A tks •wa•kj iQkflLV gSa] tksns'k esa lkaçnkf;drk ds f•ykiQ gS mUgsa ltkfnykus esa ;s D;ksa ugha •M+s gq,\ tkfgj gS fdbudk y{; lekt dh 'kqfprk ugha vfirqjktuSfrd egRokdka{kk gh gS tks xSj çtkrkaf=kdHkh gS vkSj bl ukrs fdlh ,fDVfoLV dkfØ;kdyki ugha A

uDlyokn fopkj vkSj fparu 'kwU; gjdrgS A ;g ns'k ds cgqla[;d loZgkjk tu dsveu&pkSu] le`f¼ vkSj lq• fojks/h fopkj/kjk gS A ;fn ;g lp gS fd buds vlyh lw=k/kj oSpkfjd :i ls Hkh le¼ yksx gSa rks mudheuh"kk esa ;g dSls Bw¡lk tk; vkSj os viuhvarjkRek esa >kadus ds fy, rS;kj gksa fdmudk rFkkdfFkr lektoknh vkanksyu rcdgka Fkk vkSj vkt dgka gSA mUgsa dkSu le>k;sfd vkf•j Kku dk vk/kj D;k gS vkSj D;kgS mldh oS/rk dk ekunaM\ os ;fn blorZeku flLVe dks voS/ ekurs gSa vkSj ekukfd os fn'kkghu Hkh ugha gS rks canwd dh uksdij fVdh mudh ç.kkyh ifj.kkeewyd gksxh]bldh D;k xkjaVh gS\ njvly uDlfy;ksa dhjktuhfrd oS/rk dk dksbZ vk/kj ugha gSAcanwd/kjh O;fÙkQ;ksa ls D;k ckrphr gksxh \yxrk gS fd uDlfy;ksa ds chp vc dksbZfnyokyk ugha jgk] cqf¼thoh ugha jgk A lewpkoSpkfjd iQksje gh vc ekjdkV dks pjelhek rd igq¡pkuk pkgrk gS A

uDlyokn dks ysdj ljdkjsa ftl rjgjktuSfrd jksVh lsadrh jgh gSa og vke turkdh le> ls ckgj drbZ ugha gS A ukSdj'kkg;kuh okLrfod uhfr fu;arkvksa ds chp turkds fdrus fgrS"kh gSa] ,sls psgjksa dks Hkh vktturk igpkurh gS A mUgsa le; ij lcdfl•kuk Hkh tkurh gS ij uDlyokn dk lcls

fparktud rF; ;g gS fd mlds ifj.kke esadsoy xjhc] funkZs"k] vkfnoklh vkSj detksjO;fÙkQ gh ekjk tk jgk gS A blesa jktuSfrdgR;kvksa dks Hkh udkjk ugha tk ldrk ftUgsadbZ ckj budkmaVj ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA

bu fnuksa ns'k ds dfFkr tu vf/dkjoknhlaxBu vkSj ç•j cqf¼thoh çekf.kr vkSjvlafnX/ fxjÝrkfj;ksa dks ekuo vf/dkj dkguu lkfcr djus ds fy, ftl rjg gks gYykepk jgs gSa mls ;k rks ekufld #X.krk dgktk ldrk gS ;k fiQj çfrHkk laiUu yksxksa dhfoiUurk Hkh tks HkkM+s esa viuh vkokt Hkhcspk djrs gSa A blls çR;{kr% Hkys gh uDlfy;ksa;k okeekxhZ pjeiafFk;ksa ds gkSlys cqyan ughagksrs gksa ij blls Hkkjrh; euh"kk ij xaHkhj'kd rks t:j gksrk gS fd dgha os gh rks lektvkSj ns'k dks iQklhokn dh vksj /dsyuk ughapkg jgs gSa \ okrkuqdwfyr foekuksa ij yknsmUgsa dkSu ns'k Hkj esa ?kqek jgk gS \ vkyh'kkugksVyksa esa fOgLdh vkSj fpdu fpYyh dhlqfo/k ds lkFk mUgsa Bgjkus okyk fdl xjhcdk fgek;rh gS vkSj os fdlh ,d O;fÙkQ] tksviuh vuSfrd vkSj vçtkrkaf=kd xfrfof/;ksals lansgkLin gks pqdk gks] ds fy, gh D;ksafpYyiksa epk jgs gSa \ lekt vkSj turk dksfnXHkze djus dk ;g dkSu lk ckSf¼d vuq'kklugS \ vkSj ftlls 'kkafrfç; lekt ds le{kdkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk dk ç'u •M+k dj jgs gSaA

os dSls ;g Hkwyus dh ew•Zrk dj jgs gSafd ekuo vf/dkj muds Hkh gSa tks bu

uDlokfn;ksa ds Øwjre vkØks'k dk f'kdkj gksjgs gSa A tks cekSr ekjs tk jgs gSa D;k mudkdksbZ ekuo vf/dkj ugha gS \ tks bu uDlfy;ksads cykRdkj vkSj ywV&?klksV ds LFkk;h f'kdkjgksus dks ckè; gSa D;k muds Hkh ekuo vf/dkj fujLr dj fn;s x;s gSa \ iqfyl ds mijysugha fdUrq fupys Lrj ds tks vdkj.k flikghekjs tk jgs gSa muds vukFk cPpksa dk dksbZekuo vf/dkj ugha \ cM+s&cM+s iqfyl vf/dkfj;ksa ds uDlyh {ks=k ds nkSjksa ds cgkus oudh lSj&likVs vkSj 'kkuks&'kkSdr esa ekrgrdeZpkfj;ksa vius NksVs&NksVs cPpksa ds isV dkVdj tks pank ns jgs gSa mlesa ekuo vf/dkjguu dh dksbZ nqxZa/ ugha vkrh \ 'kk;nblhfy, fd os 'kkldh; osru/kjd gSa A tkslekt ls lcls vf'kf{kr vkSj lh/s yksxvFkkZr~ vkfnokfl;ksa dks vius "kM;a=k dkeksgjk cuk jgs gSa os dkSu ls ekuo vf/dkjdh j{kk dj jgs gSa \ uDlfy;ksa dks dkSu&lk,slk fof'k"V ekuo vf/dkj fey x;k gS tksukSfugkyksa dks ikB'kkyk ls tks oafpr dj jgsgSa \ uDlyoknh Hkwxksy dh laHkkfor xfjek tksNhu jgs gSa os D;k ekuo vf/dkj dk guuugha dj jgs gSa A vkf•j vkfnoklh xzkeksa dkslM+d] f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; dh cqfu;knh lqfo/k ls oafpr djds j•us okys ;s uDlyh dkSulk ekuo vf/dkj dk ikB i<+k jgs gSa Abldk fojks/ dkSu djsxk\ vkf•j dc ckgjfudysaxs gekjs cqf¼thoh jsr ls viuk fljfudky dj\

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] twu ] 2013

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tu vlarks"k ds dkj.kksa ij fu;a=k.k vkSjfodkl ds leku voljksa dh miyC/rk dhlqfuf'prrk ds lkFk&lkFk dM+h n.M çfØ;kuDlyh leL;k ds mUewyu dk ewy gSAv/ksfyf•r mik;ksa ij bZekunkjh ls fd;sx;s ç;kl uDlyokn dh leL;k ds LFkk;hmUewyu dk ekxZ ç'kLr djrs gSaA�uDlyh leL;k ds mUewyu ds çfr n`<+jktuhfrd bPNk'kfÙkQ dk fodkl – D;ksafdfcuk n<+ ladYi ds fdlh Hkh miyfC/ dhvk'kk ugha dh tk ldrhA�vke ukxfjdksa ds ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dhj{kk ds mik;ksa ls fodkl ds leku voljksadh miyC/rk dh lqfuf'prrkA�'kkldh; ;kstukvks a dk leqfprfØ;kUo;u ,oa muesa ikjnf'kZrk dhlqfuf'prrk – ftlls Hkz"Vkpkj ij vadq'kyx ldsA�leqfpr ,oa lg;ksxiw.kZ dkuwu O;oLFkk&ftlls LFkkuh; yksx uDlyokfn;ksa dkçfrdkj dj ldsa vkSj mUgsa thouksi;ksxhvko';d phtsa miyC/ u djkus ds fy;slkgl tqVk ldsaA�dkuwu o U;k; O;oLFkk esa lq/kj dhvko';drk ij cy – ftlls yksxksa dkslgt vkSj le; ij U;k; feyus dhlqfuf'prrk gks ldsA�vkthfodkijd ,oa lokZsiyC/ f'k{kkdh O;oLFkk – ftlls lkekftd fo"kerkvksaij vadq'k yx ldsA�dqVhj m|ksxksa dks iquthZfor djus dsleqfpr ç;kl – ftlls oxZHksn dh lhek;safu;af=kr dh tk ldsaA�jk"Vª ds fodkl dh eq[;/kjk esa uDlfy;ksadks ykus vkSj muds iquO;ZoLFkkiu ds fy;sjkstxkjijd fo'ks"k iSdst dh O;oLFkkA�phu vkSj ikfdLrku ls uDlfy;ksa dksçkIr gksus okys gj çdkj ds lg;ksx dksjksdus ds fy;s n`<+ jktuhfrd vkSj liQydwVuhfrd mik;ksa ij xEHkhjrkiwoZd fparuvkSj rf}"k;d ç;klks a dk okLrfodfØ;kUo;uA

1&vuf/Ñr HkkSfrd egRokdka{kkvksa ds vfu;af=kr Tokj%&egRokdka{kh gksus esa dksbZ nks"k ugha ijfcuk Je ds ;k de ls de Je esa vf/dre ykHk ysus dh ço`fÙk gh lkjh fo"kerkvksa dkdkj.k gSA lkjk m|ksx txr blh fo"kerk dh çk.kok;q ls iQyiQwy jgk gSA vkfFkZd fo"kerkls mRiUu foiUurk dh ihM+k oxZla?k"kZ dh tud gSA2&ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds guu ij fu;a=k.k dk vHkko%& vfu;af=kr egRokdk{kkvksa ds Tokj usvke ukxfjdksa ds ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ij Mkdk Mkyus dh ço`fÙk esa vlhfer o`f¼ dh gSAuDlfy;ksa }kjk ftl oxZla?k"kZ dh ckr dh tk jgh gS mlesa leFkZ vkSj vleFkZ gh eq[;?kVd gSa] nfyr ;k vkfnoklh tSls 'kCn rks dsoy Hkksys&Hkkys yksxksa dks cjxykus ds fy;sgSaA leFkZ gksus dh gksM+ esa gj dksbZ 'kkfey gSA euq"; dh bl vkfne yksyqirk ij vadq'kyxkus ds fy;s orZeku esa gekjs ikl dksbZ oS/kfud mik; ugha gSA ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds guuesa uDlyoknh Hkh vc ihNs ugha jgs] 'kk;n blh dkj.k duq lkU;ky dks vkRegR;k djuhiM+hA3&'kks"k.k dh ijkdk"Bk;sa%& lkekU;r% vke euq"; lgu'khy ço`fÙk dk gksrk gS] og fgaldrHkh gksrk gS tc 'kks"k.k dh lkjh lhek;sa ikj gks pqdh gksrh gSaA uDlfy;ksa ds fy;s 'kks"k.kdh ijkdk"Bk;sa iks"k.k dk dke djrh gSaA 'kksf"krksa dks ,dtqV djus vkSj O;oLFkk ds fo#¼fgald foæksg djus ds fy;s vius leFkZd cukuk uDlfy;ksa ds fy;s cgqr vklku gks tkrkgSA4&lkekftd fo"kerk%& lkekftd fo"kerk gh oxZla?k"kZ dh tuuh gSA vktknh ds ckn Hkh blfo"kerk esa dksbZ deh ugha vk;hA uDlfy;ksa ds fy;s ;g ,d cM+k ekufld gfFk;kj gSA5&tufgr dh ;kstukvksa dh e`xejhfpdk%& 'kklu dh tufgr ds fy, cuus okyh ;kstukvksads fuekZ.k ,oa muds fØ;kUo;u esa xaHkhjrk] fu"Bk o ikjnf'kZrk dk vHkko jgrk gS ftllsoafprksa dks HkM+dkus vkSj uDlfy;ksa dh u;h ikS/ rS;kj djus ds fy;s bu ekvksokfn;ksa dksvPN cgkuk fey tkrk gSA6&jktuhfrd bPNk'kfÙkQ dk vHkko%& vketurk dks vc ;g le> esa vkus yxk gS fd lÙkk/h'kksa esa u rks lkekftd fo"kerk;sa lekIr djus] u Hkz"Vkpkj dks çJ; nsuk cUn djus vkSju gh uDlyh leL;k ds mUewyu ds çfr ys'k Hkh jktuhfrd bPNk'kfÙkQ gSA vkfFkZd ?kksVkyksads Tokj us uDlfy;ksa dks ns'k esa dqN Hkh djus dh ekufld Lora=krk çnku dj nh gSA7&yphyh dkuwu O;oLFkk] foyfEcr U;k; ,oa dM+s dkuwu dk vHkko%& vijkf/;ksa ds çfrdM+s dkuwu ds vHkko] foyEc ls çkIr gksus okys U;k; ls mRiUu tuvlarks"k ,oa gekjhyphyh dkuwu O;oLFkk us uDlfy;ksa ds gkSlys cqyUn fd;s gSaA8&vkthfodkijd f'k{kk dk vHkko ,oa egaxh f'k{kk%& jkstxkjksUeq•h f'k{kk ds vHkko] m|ksxesa ifjofrZr gksrh tk jgh f'k{kk ds dkj.k vketurk ds fy;s egaxh vkSj nqyZHk gq;h f'k{kk]vfu;af=kr e'khuhdj.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksaxks ds vHkko esa vkthfodk ds nqyZHk gksrs tk jgs lk/uksa ls uDlyh cuus dh çsj.kk bl leL;k dk ,d cM+k u;k dkj.k gSA9&LFkkuh; yksxksa esa çfrdkj dh vleFkZrk%& fu/Zurk] 'kS{kf.kd fiNM+siu] jk"Vªh;Hkkouk dsvHkko] uSfrd mÙkjnkf;Ro ds çfr mnklhurk vkSj iqfyl laj{k.k ds vHkko esa LFkkuh; yksxuDlyh fgalkvksa dk l'kÙkQ fojks/ ugha dj ikrs ftlds dkj.k uDlyh vkSj Hkh fujadq'kgksrs tk jgs gSaA10&ioZrh; nqxZerk dk HkkSxksfyd laj{k.k%& ns'k ds ftu Hkh jkT;ksa esa HkkSxksfyd nqxZerk dsdkj.k vkokxeu ds lk/u fodflr ugha gks lds ogk¡ dh fLFkfr dk ykHk mBkrs gq;suDlfy;ksa us viuk vkrad LFkkfir djus esa liQyrk çkIr dj yh gS vkSj vc os bl vuqdwyudks cuk;s j•us ds fy;s vkokxeu ds lk/uksa ds fodkl esa ck/k mRiUu dj jgs gSaA ;|fi]vc rks mudk ckSf¼d ra=k uxjksa vkSj egkuxjksa esa Hkh viuh iSB cuk pqdk gSA11&iM+kslh ns'kksa ds mxzokn dks Hkkjr esa ços'k dh lqxerk%& fons'kksa ls vk;kfrr mxzfopkj/kjk dks Hkkjr esa ços'k djus ls jksdus ds fy;s ljdkj ds ikl jktuSfrd vkSj dwVuhfrdmik;ksa dk vHkko gS ftlds dkj.k fopkj vkSj gfFk;kj nksuks gh Hkkjr esa lqxerk ls ços'kikus esa liQy jgrs gSaA

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cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

NÙkhlx<+ dh uDlyoknh ?kVuk ls gesa;g le> ysuk pkfg, fd ns'k dh leL;kxjhch dh ugha cfYd vlekurk dh gSAuDlyh 'xjhc' ugha gSaA mUgsa vkØks'k gS fd'kgjksa esa cls pqfuank usrk] viQlj vkSj m|ehmuds lalk/uksa dks ywV jgs gSaA ns'k dkfodkl gks jgk gksxk fdarq mudh n`f"V viuslkekU; thou vkSj 'kgjh vÕ;k'kh ds chpc<+rh •kbZ ij gSA leL;k dks uDlfy;ksa dsneu ls ugha cfYd vehjh ds neu ls lqy>kukgksxkA ;g leL;k eqækdks"k vkSj fo'o cSad}kjk ykxw ekWMy esa fufgr gSA ;g ekWMy vehjvkSj vke vkneh esa iQklyk c<+krk gSA vkWDliQSeds ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj fo'o ds 100vehj O;fÙkQ;ksa dh laifÙk esa xr o"kZ yxHkx13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dh of¼ gqbZA bl jdedks ;fn nqfu;k ds lkS djksM+ xjhcksa esa forfjrdj fn;k tk, rks çR;sd xjhc O;fÙkQ dks13]200 #i;s fey ldrs gSa tks fd mudh ewythfodk lk/us ds fy;s i;kZIr gksxkA

nqfu;k ds lkS djksM+ xjhc vkSj 100vehj ,d gh flDds ds nks igyw gSaA rkRi;Z;g fd ,d lhek rd vlekurk lekt dsfy, fgrdkjh gksrh gSA lhek ikj djus ds cknogh vlekurk lekt ds fy;s vfHk'kki cutkrh gSA lekurk ijd vkfnoklh lekt dksysaA ;g lekt canwd ugha cuk ikrkA canwdcukus ds fy;s yqgkj] bathfu;j] dsfeLV vkfnvyx&vyx is'ks ds yksxksa dh vko';drkgksrh gSA bUgsa Vªsfuax nsus esa vlekurk mRiUu gkstkrh gSA fcuk vlekurk ds canwd cukukdfBu gksrk gSA ysfdu bldk ifj.kke ;gfudyrk gS fd canwd/kjh ds lkeusvkfnoklh lekt iLr gks tkrk gSA vesfjdkesa jsM bafM;u lekt ds èoLr gksus dk ;ghlcd gSA nwljh vksj c<+rh vlekurk lektdks vfLFkj Hkh cuk nsrh gSA iqjkru ;wuku usvlekurk dks Lohdkj fd;kA flfVtu vkSjLyso ds chp lekt caVk gqvk FkkA ysfdule`f¼ dk og lekt lqforj.k ugha djldkA ifj.kkeLo:i ;wuku ds vke vkneh esavlarks"k O;kIr gks x;kA tc ccZjksa us vkØe.k

fd;k rks vke turk us ccZjksa dk lkFk fn;kvkSj ;wukuh lkezkT; usLrukcwn gks x;kA

iru dh vk'kadkLi"V gS fd lekurk rFkk vlekurk

nksuksa gh dke;kc ugha gSA bu nksuksa Nksjksa dschp dgha vlekurk dk lgh Lrj jgrk gSA;g Lrj rduhdh fodkl ds lkFk c<+rktkrk gSA tSls uqDdM+ dh nqdku vkSj okyekVZdh rqyuk djsaA uqDdM+ dh nqdku dk ekfyd;fn ekg esa 50 gtkj dekrk gS rks ukSdj ikapgtkjA vlekurk 10 xquh jghA ysfduokyekVZ dh vk; mlds fdlh lkekU;deZpkjh ls 10 yk• xquh vf/d gSA dkj.kfd okyekVZ ds ekfyd dks vk; laiw.kZ fo'ols feyrh gSA blds foijhr deZpkjh dkslaiw.kZ fo'o ds Jfedksa ls çfrLi/kZ djuhiM+rh gS vkSj mldk çHkkoh osru ?kVrk tkrkgSA t:jh ugha fd ckgjh vkØe.k ls ghgekjk iru gksA vkarfjd fojks/ ls Hkh gekjkiru gks ldrk gS tSlk fd vkt ikfdLrkuvkSj dqN vÚhdh ns'kksa esa ns•k tk ldrk gSAvkt gekjk vke vkneh vlarq"V gSA ,d vksjusrk] ljdkjh dehZ vkSj 'kh"kZ m|eh vjcksa#i;s dek jgs gSa vkSj vfr mPp thou LrjHkksx jgs gSa] nwljh vksj vke vkneh dks nksVkbe dh jksVh vkSj VscyiQSu gh miyC/ gSA

c<+rh vlekurk lekt ds fy;sgkfudkjd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZdfodkl ds fy;s Hkh gkfuçn gSA vkeukxfjdtc vehj dks dkslrk gS rks mldh vkarfjdÅtkZ udkjkRed gks tkrh gSA og fgaldço`fÙk dk gks tkrk gS] tSlk fd jsi ds c<+rsdsl esa lkiQ fn• jgk gSA vkfFkZd fodkl dsfy, t:jh gS fd vke ukxfjd mRiknu esao`f¼ ds fy;s lkspsA fjD'ksokys dhldkjkRed lksp gS fd og cpr djds vkVksfjD'kk •jhnsA blls ns'k dk fodkl gksrk gSAijarq ;fn mlds eu esa vehjksa ds çfr vkØks'kgksrk gS rks og nks"kkjksi.k djrk jgrkgS vkSj

;nk&dnk fgald O;ogkj esa fyIr gks tkrk gSA,sls esa fodkl ckf/r gksrk gSA vkfFkZdfodkl ds fy,t:jh gS fd vlekurk dkLrj mruk gh gks ftlls vke vkneh m}sfyru gks vkSj mldh ekufld ÅtkZçLiQqfVr gksA?kksj vlekurk ls ykW ,aM vkMZj fcxM+rk gSAvkt vke vkneh usrkvksa dh nqgkbZ nsdj Lo;aHkz"Vrjhdksa ls vkxs c<+uk pkgrk gSA oglM+d ij yxs fcy cksMZ mrkj ysrk gS] xkM+hdk LVhfj;ks fudky ysrk gS]udyh uksV pykrkgS bR;kfnA bu ØkbEl dks jksdus ds fy, ns'kdks iqfyl ij •pZ c<+kuk iM+rk gSA vr%vkevkneh dh tks ÅtkZ fodkl dk ekè;e culdrh Fkh] ml ij fu;a=k.k djus ds fy,lekt dks vius•pZ c<+kus iM+rs gSaA

neu ls c<+sxk vkØks'kè;ku nsus okyh ckr gS fd ,d fcanq ds

ckn vlekurk vkfFkZd fodkl esa ck/k cutkrh gSA bfrgkldkjvukZYM VkW;uch us fo'odh 20 ls vf/d lH;rkvksa ds iru dkvè;;u fd;k gSA os crkrs gSa fd fdlhlH;rkds iru ds rhu pj.k gksrs gSaA igys pj.k esans'k ds usrk turk dks xka/h ljh•k uSfrdusr`Ro nsus dsLFkku ij bZnh vehu vFkokiQfMZukaM ekdkZsl tSlk MaMs dk usr`Ro nsusyxrs gSaA nwljs pj.k esa vke yksx usrk lsviusdks vyx le>us yxrs gSaA rhljs pj.k esavke vkneh laHkzkar oxZ dk fojks/ djusyxrk gS vkSj lektfoHkkftr gks tkrk gSAvkt vius ns'k esa ,slh gh fLFkfr cu jgh gSAfo'o ds 100 vehj yksxksa esa pkj Hkkjresa gSaAvke vkneh bl c<+rh vlekurk ls m}sfyrgSA uDlyh bl m}syu esa 'kkfey gSaA ;g gekjsfy, •rjsdh ?kaVh gSA neu ls rks ;g vkØks'kvkSj c<+sxkA dsryh ds çs'kj dks nckdj j•usls foLiQksV gksrk gSA blhçdkj vlekurk dsçs'kj dks nckus ls vkSj xgjk foLiQksV gksxkvkSj ge Hkh iqjkru ;wuku tSls foiQy jkT;ksadhlwph esa 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA

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] twu ] 2013

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ekvksokfn;ksa ds lkeus fof/ dk 'kkluèoLr gS vkSj mudh laxfBr fgalk vc jkT;ljdkjksa ij Hkkjh iM+ jgh gSA vkt yxHkx1200 xkaoksa ds ,d gtkj oxZ fdyksehVj{ks=k esa ekvksoknh j.kuhfr ds lkeus iqfyl oç'kklu iw.kZ :i ls foo'k gSaA NÙkkhlx<+ esadkaxzslh usrkvksa ij gkfy;k geys esa uDlfy;ksaus lyok tqMwe ds ç.ksrk egsaæ dekZ dks ghugha ekjk] cfYd vkilh laokn ls blleL;k dk gy •kstus ds i{k/j çns'kdkaxzsl vè;{k uandqekj iVsy lfgr 30yksxksa dks Hkh ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;kA blls;g t:j lkfcr gks tkrk gS fd ljdkjh•qfiQ;k ra=k ds eqdkcys uDlfy;ksa dk viukra=k dkiQh etcwr gSA uDlyokn oxZ fo"kerko vU;k; ds fo#¼ gSA ;g fdlkuksa] HkwfeghuÑ"kdksa o Jfedksa dk i{k/j Hkh gSA •klrkSjij mudk ftudk 'kks"k.k tehankj] egktu]usrk vkSj ukSdj'kkgh djrh gSA blfy,uDlyoknh fopkj/kjk bl Hkz"V] vuSfrd ovukpkjh O;oLFkk dks lekIr djrs gq, ,dHksnHkko jfgr lekt cukus dk LoIu latks,gSaA

,slk yxrk gS tSls uDlyokn dhleL;k dks vHkh rd le>us dk ç;kl ughafd;k x;kA ljdkjksa us iqfyl vFkok dsaæh;cyksa ds neudkjh n`f"Vdks.k ds pyrsuDlyoknh vkanksyu dks nckus dk ç;klfd;k gSA ljdkjksa ds lkeus uDlyokn dksysdj ges'kk gh ;g nqfo/k jgh gS fd blsdkuwu O;oLFkk dh leL;k ekuk tk, vFkok,d lkekftd&vkfFkZd leL;kA vkt rduDlyoknh vkanksyu dk neu djus dsljdkjksa ds tks Hkh ç;kl fd, x, mulsuDlyokn ij vadq'k yxus ds ctk;] mYVsfgald xfrfof/;ksa esa o`f¼ rFkk muds çHkkoesa foLrkj gh gqvk gSA yxrk gS fd fiNys nksn'kdksa esa xjhcksa] csjkstxkjksa] Hkwfeghu Ñ"kdksadh la[;k esa o`f¼] Hkwfe&forj.k esa

vlekurk rFkk vkfnokfl;ksa ds LFkkuh; vf/dkjksa ls csn•yh ds ekeys tSls&tSls c<+ jgsgSa] mlh vuqikr esa uDlyokn dh leL;k Hkhc<+ jgh gSA 2002 esa tgka uDlyoknh fgalkdh 1465 ?kVuk,a gqbZa] ogha 2003 esa budhla[;k 1597 vkSj 2004 esa ;g vkadM+kc<+dj 1800 gks x;kA 2005 ls ysdj 2008rd uDlyh ?kVukvksa esa FkksM+h deh ns•us dksfeyh] ijarq 2009&10 ds chp buesa fiQj pkjiQhln dh o`f¼ gks xbZA orZeku 2012&13 lstqM+s ljdkjh vkadM+s uDlyh ?kVukvksa esadeh dk nkok dj jgs gSaA baLVhV;wV vkWiQfMiQsal fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll dh fjikVZ Hkh•qyklk djrh gS fd fiNys dqN lkyksa esauDlyokn ds Lo:i esa cnyko ns•us dksfeyk gSA fjiksVZ ;g Hkh crkrh gS fd uDlyhfgalk esa ekewyh deh rks vkbZ gS] ijarq bldsçHkko esa foLrkj Hkh gqvk gSA 28 ebZ] 2013dks x`g ea=kky; ls tqM+h laln dh LFkk;hlfefr us Hkh lkiQ dgk fd okeiaFkh mxzoknHkkjr dh vkarfjd lqj{kk ds fy, lcls cM+k•rjk gSA

uDlyokn çHkkfor {ks=kksa dk nkSjk djusokys yksx Hkyh&Hkkafr tkurs gSa fd LFkkuh;yksxksa ds fnyksa esa uDlyokfn;ksa ds çfr lEekugSA uDlfy;ksa dk viuk dksbZ fgr ugha gSaA os,d fopkj/kjk dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSA mudkvkanksyu mYiQk o cksM+ks dh rjg u rks dksbZi`Fkdrkoknh vkanksyu gS vkSj u gh tkfr] /eZ o vFkZijdA ijarq ;gka ;g ckr è;ku nsus;ksX; gS fd uDlyh laxBuksa dks LFkkuh; Lrjij çFkdrkoknh laxBuksa ls Hkh vf/d leFkZuçkIr gSA

mu dkjdksa ij fopkj djuk le; dhekax gS fd vkf•j ;g fopkj/kjk ogka dsyksxksa esa viuh xgjh iSB D;ksa cuk jgh gS\ ns'kesa yxHkx 56 uDlyh xqV ekStwn gSa] ftuesa50]000 ls T;knk uDlyh lfØ; gSaA buesa22]000 ls vf/d vk/qfud gfFk;kjksa ls ySlgSaA ns'k ds ouksa dk ,d frgkbZ ls Hkh vf/d Hkkx buds dCts esa gSA L=kh iq#"k o cPps

rd bu xqVksa ds lfØ; lnL; gSaA xjhch js•kls uhps viuh xqtj&clj djus okysvkfnokfl;ksa dh vkSlr vkenuh jkstkuk 12#i;s gSA mÙkkj çns'k] eè; çns'k] if'pehcaxky] vksMh'kk] fcgkj] >kj•aM] NÙkkhlx<+]vka/z çns'k] egkjk"Vª o dukZVd tSls 20jkP;ksa ds 230 tuinksa esa uDlyh ifVVÔka cuhgSaA nqHkkZX;iw.kZ lPpkbZ ;g gS fd bu jkP;ksa esa•nkuksa ds ekfyd vkSj Bsdsnkj LFkkuh;vkfnokfl;ksa dk •qydj 'kks"k.k vkSjmRihM+u djrs gSaA uDlyoknh m|ksxifr;ksa]O;kikfj;ksa vkSj ljdkjh viQljksa rd lsolwyh djrs gSaA ,d eksVs vuqeku ds vuqlkjuDlyokfn;ksa dk lkykuk ctV djhc pkjgtkj djksM+ #i;s gSA bl /u ls os vk/qfudgfFk;kj vkSj foLiQksVd lkexzh •jhndjvius laxBu dk foLrkj djrs gSaA nq•n igyw;g gS fd uDlyh iqfyl o ç'kklfudHkz"Vkpkj dk iQk;nk mBkrs gq, vius dSMjdk foLrkj dj jgs gSaA

foxr pkj n'kdksa esa ;fn ns'k esauDlyokn iQyk&iQwyk gS rks blds fy, jkT;ljdkjksa ds lkFk gh dsaæ ljdkj Hkh ftEesnkjgSA vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkFk esa ;fn ogka vU;k;gqvk gS rks 'kks"kd ds :i esa mUgsa viuhftEesnkjh Lohdkjuh gh iM+sxhA vc le; vkx;k gS tc jkP; o dsaæ ljdkj dks jk"Vªfgresa ekvksokfn;ksa ij vadq'k yxkus esa l[rh lsdke djuk pkfg,A lp ;g gS fduDlyoknh fopkj/kjk lh/s rkSj ijlkekftd 'kks"k.k o vkfFkZd vlekurk lstqM+h gSA blfy, ljdkjksa dks vkadM+ksa dhckthxjh ls vyx jgrs gq, bu fcanqvksa ij Hkhxgu eaFku djus dh vko';drk gSA blls Hkhvkxs c<+dj foLFkkfir vkfnoklh lekt dsncs&dqpys o oafpr yksxksa ds fy, bZekunkjho çfrc¼rk ls fd, fd, x, l?ku fodkldk;Z uDlyh fopkj/kjk ij vadq'k yxkus esadkjxj mik; gks ldrs gSaA & ys[kd lekt'kkL=k ds ,lksfl,VçksiQslj gSa

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eueksgu flag tc ls ns'k ds ç/kuea=khcusa gS rc ls os bl ckr dks dbZ ckj nksgjkpqds gSa fd uDlyokn ns'k ds fy, lclscM+k •rjk gSA lkB ds n'kd ds vFkZ'kkL=kheueksgu flg Hkh f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa fMxzh ysusokys ns'k ds nwljs cqf¼thfo;ksa dh rjg igysuDlyokn ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr j•us okyksa esajgs gSa-

iatkc ds e'kgwj uDlyoknh usrkgkdke flag dh ekus rks mUgksus ;fn eueksguflag dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k u dh gksrh rks osml le; uDlyokfn;ksa ds leFkZd gksus dsvkjksi esa tsy esa gksrsA iatkc ds uDlyoknhusrk gkdke flag ds ckjs esa ns'k ds dbZ cM+slalnh; usrkvksa us tSlk o.kZu fd;k gS mllsmudh ckrksa ij Hkjkslk ugha djus dk dksbZdkj.k ugha le> esa vkrk gSA rfeyukMq dsjkT;iky lqjthr flag cjukyk vkSj ekDlZoknhdE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds egklfpo jg pqds LoxhZ;gjfd'ku flag lqjthr dk dguk gS fdgkdke flag lekÅ ns'k ds egku ØkafrdkjhFksA

eueksgu flag us fnYyh esa mPpkf/dkfj;ksa ds lkFk ,d cSBd esa dgk Fkk fd

uDlyokn vc cqfíthfo;ksa dk vkd"kZ.k ughajgk-ysfdu mUgksus uDlyokn dks ns'k ds fy,lcls cM+k •rjk crkrs gq, bl rF; dkmYys• fd;k Fkk fd ns'k ds 180 ls T;knkftyksa esa uDlyokn iQSy pqdk gSaA eueksguflag tc ckj&ckj uDlyokn ds çHkko esavkus okys ftyksa dh c<+rh rknkn dk mYys•djrs gSa rks gkdke flag lekÅ dh crkbZdgkuh ;kn vkus yxrh gSA

gkdke flag us iatkc dh e'kgwjysf•dk tlchj dkSj dks paMhx<+ esa ,dcSad ywVus ds ç;kl dh ?kVuk dk mYys•fd;k FkkA gkdke flag ds vuqlkj rc iqfylus mu ij eueksgu flag dks bl ekeys esa'kkfey gksus dh ckr dks dcwy djus ds fy,ncko cuk;k FkkA ysfdu mUgksus bl ncko esavkus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA eueksgu flagml le; iatkc fo'ofo|ky; esa vFkZ'kkL=kds çkè;kid FksA iatkc ds uDlyoknhvkanksyu ds uk;d 'kh"kZd iqLrd esa iatkchds e'kgwj ys•d lqn'kZu uV us dbZ dgkfu;ksadks 'kkfey fd;k gS-blesa lqjthr flagcjukyk] gjfd'ku flag lqjthr ds vykokiwoZ ç/kue=kh pUæ'ks•j vkSj lkfgR;vdkneh iqjLdkj çkIr ys•d vtesj flagvkSy•] lhihvkbZ ds iwoZ lklan txthr flag

vkuan (vkuan iatkch nSfud uoka tekuk dslaiknd Hkh jg pqds gSa)] iwoZ U;k;k/h'k vkjds R;kxh] lhihvkbZ ,e ,y fycjs'ku dsiksfyr C;wjks ds lnL; Loiu eq•thZ vkSjiatkch fo'ofo|ky; esa vaxzsth foHkkx ds iwoZvè;{k xq:Hkxr flag vkfn ds laLej.k gSaA

iqLrd ds ist uacj 204 vkSj 205 esagkdke flag dh 1991 esa lquk, x, blfdLls dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA eueksguflag ml le; ns'k ds foÙk ea=kh FksA gkdkeflag us vkikrdky ds fnuksa dks ;kn djrs gq,crk;k gS fd paMhx<+ esa ,d cSad ds ywVusds ç;kl dh ?kVuk esa uDlyokfn;ksa ds gksusdh vk'kadk iqfyl okyksa dks Fkh-iqfyl mlle; rks fdlh dks bl ?kVuk ds vkjksi esafxjÝrkj ugha dj ldh ysfdu iqfyl ds ;gka;g ekeyk iQkbyksa esa iM+k jgkA tc gkdkeflag dks fxjÝrkj fd;k x;k rks iqfyl usmuls dbZ ekeyksa esa iwNrkN dhA blesa cSaddkaM Hkh 'kkfey FkkA

gkdke flag us ,d j.kuhfr ;s cukbZ fdiqfyl dks os dsoy mUgha ukeksa ds ckjs esacrk,axs tks ;k rks Hkwfexr gks x, gS ;k fiQj'kghn gks x, gSaA os laidZ vkSj lgkuqHkwfrj•us okyksa dks fdlh Hkh rjg cpkus dh lkspjgs FksA iqfyl cSad ywV dkaM ekeys esa

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dh rjg eueksgu flag igysuDlyokn ds çfr lgkuqHkwfrj•us okyksa esa jgs gSa- mudhutjksa esa uDlyokn dks •rjsds :i esa ugha ns•k tk jgk gSAysfdu ç/kuea=kh cuus ds cknmUgsa lcls T;knk •rjkuDlyokn esa gh fn•kbZ nsjgk gSA

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vFkZ'kkL=k ds çksiQslj (eueksgu flag) dsuke ij tksj nsdj ;s dgus dh dksf'k'k djjgh Fkh fd mUgksus mldh MqIyhdsV pkchcukbZ gS] ftl pkch ls cSad dks ywVus dkç;kl fd;k x;kA ysfdu gkdke flag us lkiQrkSj ij dgk fd os fdlh ,sls O;fÙkQ dks urks tkurs gSa vkSj uk gh muls mudh eqykdkrgqbZ gSA iqfyl us mUgsa rLohj Hkh fn•kbZA

rdZ'khy çdk'ku vackyk }kjk 2004 esaçdkf'kr bl iqLrd esa dbZ fnypLidgkfu;ksa ds chp gkdke flag crkrs gS fdmUgksus rLohj ns•dj lkspk fd nwljscqfíthfo;ksa vkSj vFkZ'kkL=k ds f'k{kdksa dhrjg ;s t:j uDlyokn dk leFkZd gksxk-cgqr nckoksa ds ckn gkdke flag us iqfyl dslkeus ,d ,slk nkao iQsadk fd og dke vkx;kA

mUgksus iqfyl okyksa ls iwNk fdvkiyksxksa dks bl ekeys dh tkap dk HkkjdSls ns fn;k x;k tcfd vkidks dqNcqfu;knh ckrksa dh gh tkudkjh ugha gSA iqfylokys vk'p;Zpfdr gksdj gkdke flag dksns•us yxsA

iqfyl us iwNk fd os ,slk D;ksa dg jgsgSaA rc gkdke flag us dgk fd os de ls demu uDlyokfn;ksa dh lkekftd i`"BHkwfe dkvè/;u D;ksa ugha djrs gS ftUgsa ;k rks ekjkx;k gS ;k fiQj iqfyl us ftUgsa fxjÝrkj fd;kgSA gkdke flag us iqfyl dks crk;k fduDlyoknh vkanksyu ds lkFk fl•ksa esaO;olk;h leqnk; ftUgsa ckik fl• dgk tkrkgS] ds fdlh Hkh lnL; dks tc ugha ikrs gSarks Hkyk ;s 'k[l bl vkanksyu ls dSls gksldrk gSaA ets fd ckr fd eueksgu flag dsO;olk;h tkfr ls gksus dh ckr dks gkdkeflag iDds rkSj ij ugha tkurs Fks ysfdu mUgksusvuqeku yxk;k FkkA

njvly ;s dgkuh vkSj yach gSA ysfduftl lanHkZ esa bldk mYys• fd;k x;k gSmlds fy, i;kZIr gSA lanHkZ uDlyoknhvkanksyu vkSj mls vkt lcls cM+k •rjkcrkus ds fo"k; ls tqM+k gSA eueksgu flagblds ckn 7 vçSy 1980 ls 14 flracj1982 rd ;kstuk vk;ksx ds lnL; lfpo Fksrc mUgksus fcgkj ds xzkeh.k vapyksa esa mHkjjgs vlarks"k dk vuqHko djus ds fy, ,d

vè;;u Vhe ds lkFk mu bykdksa dk nkSjkfd;k FkkA mudh ml fjiksVZ ds gokys lsuDlyokn ds foLrkj ds dkj.kksa ij çdk'kMkyk x;k FkkA

bl rjg nks Lrjksa ij eueksgu flag dhutjksa esa uDlyokn dks •rjs ds :i esa ughans•k tk jgk gSA ysfdu ç/kuea=kh cuus dsckn mUgsa lcls T;knk •rjk uDlyokn esa ghfn•kbZ ns jgk gSA

fdlh Hkh vkanksyu dks vki dgka ls ns•jgs gSa] ;s loky lcls egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSAlalnh; jktuhfr esa ;s vDlj ns•k tkrk gSfd tks ikVhZ ;k usrk lÙkk ls ckgj gksrk gSmlds fy, fojks/ ds tks eqís gksrs gS] os eqísljdkj esa tkus ds ckn mlds eqís ugha jgtkrs gSaA os Hkh ljdkj pykus okyh ikVhZ dhrjg dk gh O;ogkj djus yxrs gSaA

ih oh ujflEgk jko us rks lkiQ rkSj ijdgk Fkk fd HkweaMyhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dksykxw djus ij foi{k dh ikfVZ;ka foi{k esa jgrsgq, pkgsa tks djsa ysfdu lÙkk esa vkdj osmldk fojks/ ugha dj ldrh gSaA vka/z çns'kesa ,uVh jkekjko ] pUæckcw uk;Mw ls ysdjfiNys fnuksa gokbZ nq?kZVuk esa ekjs x, eq[;ea=khpUæ'ks•j jsîóh ds foi{k ls lÙkk rd dh;k=kk ds nkSjku uDlyokn ds çfr cnyrs :•dks Hkh ;gka ns•k tk ldrk gS-

ysfdu igyk loky gS fd uDlyokndks lcls cM+k •rjk crkus ds ckotwnmldk çHkko {ks=k dSls c<+rk pyk x;k gSAreke rjg dh neukRed dkjZokbZ;ksa dsckotwn vkSj lSdM+ksa dk;ZdrkZvksa dks eqBHksM+ds uke ij ekjus ds okctwn mlds çHkko dsfoLrkj dks jksdk ugha tk ldk gSA ysfdu ;gka,d nwljs loky dks Hkh è;ku esa j•k tkukpkfg,A tc uDlyokn ds çHkko ds foLrkjdh ckr dh tkrh gS rks ;g nkok dkSu fdlutfj;s ls dj jgk gS]bls le>uk t:jh gksrkgSA

ljdkj ns'k esa ftyksa dh rknkn crkdjuDlyokn ds çHkko ds ftyksa dh la[;kcrkrh gSA ysfdu tc ns'k ds dqy ftyksa esauDlyokn ds çHkko okys ftyksa dh rknkncrkbZ tk,xh rks og Hkkjr ds uD'ks ij cgqrcM+k fn•sxkA mlls T;knk uDlyokn ds c<+rsçHkkoksa dks jkT;okj crk;k tk,xk rks og vkSj

T;knk fn•sxk D;ksafd de la[;k esa tksçfr'kr fudyrk gS og T;knk fn•kbZ nsrk gSAysfdu uDlyokn ds çHkkoksa dk vkdyu ns'kesa dqy xkaoksa dh la[;k ds vk/kj ijfudkyk tk,xk rks mldk çHkko nks ls rhuçfr'kr xkoksa esa gh fn•kbZ nsxkA

çpkj dh Hkk"kk viuh ;kstukvksa vkSjj.kuhfr;ksa ds vuqlkj r; dh tkrh gSA ns'k dsyksxksa ds lkeus tc rLohj bl rjg çLrqr dhtk,xh fd vLlh çfr'kr ls T;knk jkT;ksa esa;s leL;k gS rks mldk lans'k fHkUu gksxkAblhfy, ljdkjsa ftl rjg ls uDlyokn dsçHkko ds foLrkj dk o.kZu djrh gSa] mldsihNs mlds bjkns dqN vkSj gksrs gSaA blhfy,og bls ,d leL;k ds :i esa çLrqr djrhgSA leL;k ds çHkko dk foLrkj gks jgk gS rks;s fdldh ftEesnkjh gSA jketUe Hkwfe vkSjckcjh efLtn dh leL;k dks rks vkanksyudgk tk ldrk gS ysfdu uDlyokn dksvkanksyu ds :i esa Lohdkj djus esajktuhfrd ijs'kkuh •M+h gks tkrh gSA ysfduuDlyokn lekt dks cnyus okyh ,djktuhfrd fopkj/kjk ij vk/kfjr gSA pkgsmls xyr vkSj lgh dgk tk ldrk gS-

ns'k esa fLFkfr;ka bl dnj dh gks xbZ gSfd 76 çfr'kr yksx jkstkuk chl :i;s lsde ij xqtkjk dj jgs gSa-

uDlyokn ds çHkko ds foLrkj dksjksdus ds fy, ljdkj igys bls vkfFkZd]lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd leL;k ds :i esans•rh FkhA ;s ekudj pyrh Fkh fd ftubykdksa esa fiNM+kiu gS vkSj lekt dk tksfgLlk csgn fiNM+k gS] mlds chp esa budkçHkko gksrk gSA rc ljdkj buds fy, dbZrjg ds fodkl ds dk;ZØe pykus dh;kstuk cukrh FkhA ysfdu ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksaesa ;s ns•k tk pqdk gS fd reke rjg dh;kstukvksa dks ykxw djus dk nkok djus dsckn Hkh uDlyokn ds çHkko dks iwjh rjg ls•Re ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA

uDlyoknh vkanksyu dk usr`Ro djusokyh ikfVZ;ksa ds uke t:j cnyrs jgs gSaA rcljdkj Hkwfe lq?kkj dkuwu dks ykxw djus ijHkh tksj nsrh FkhA ysfdu tc ls vesfjdhijLr HkweaMyhdj.k dh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dksykxw fd;k x;k gS rc ls Hkwfe lq/kj ds

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dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus dh vkSipkfjdrkrd •Re dj nh xbZ gSA laln esa jk"Vªifr dsvfHkHkk"k.kksa esa mldh ppkZ rd ugha gksrh gSA

fiNys pquko ds nkSjku rks ç/kuea=kheueksgu flag us Hkwfe j•us dh vf/drelhek c<+kus dk Hkh oknk fd;k FkkA fLFkfr;kabl dnj dh gks xbZ gS fd 76 çfr'kr yksxjkstkuk chl :i;s ls de ij xqtkjk dj jgsgSaA ftu bykdksa esa ljdkj ubZ uhfr;ksa ds rgru;s u;s m|ksx fodflr djuk pkgrh gS ogkarks Hkw•ejh dh •cjsa vkbZ gSaA

bl rjg ;s lkiQ rkSj ij ns•k tk ldrkgS fd ljdkj uDlyokn dks dsoy dkuwu,oa O;oLFkk dh leL;k ds :i esa is'k djusesa yxh gSA dsUæ esa tc Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZds usr`Ro esa ljdkj Fkh rc ;s dksf'k'k 'kq:dh xbZ Fkh fd ljdkjh nLrkostksa lsuDlyokn dks vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd vkSjlkekftd leL;k Hkys ekuk tk, ysfduO;ogkj esa bls dsoy dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk dhleL;k ds :i esa is'k fd;k tk,A

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh fopkj/kjkfodsUæhdj.k dh ugha gSA og dsUæh;Ñr lÙkkesa ;dhu djrh gS vkSj iqfyfl;k jkSc nkao dkst:jh ekurh gSA og vkj,l,l tSlsiQklhoknh laxBuksa dk pqukoh eq•kSVk gSAysfdu Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds ckn tcdkaxzsl ds usr`Ro okyh ljdkj cuh rc Hkhiqjkuh uhfr;ksa dks gh ykxw fd;k x;kA dkaxzsldh jktuhfr mlds lkeus •M+h jktuhfrdikVhZ dks ns•dj r; gksrh gSA dkaxzsl dk tgkaHkh lkeuk Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ls gksrk gS] ogHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh uhfr;ksa ds djhc•M+h fn•kbZ nsrh gSA

njvly vc rd lkspus dk rjhdk ;sjgk gS fd lÙkk esa tks ikVhZ tk jgh gS] ogvius dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus ij tksj nsxhAysfdu fLFkfr;ka vc cny pqdh gSA ikfVZ;kalÙkk pykus t:j tkrh gSa ysfdu lÙkk mUgsapykrh gSA fdlh Hkh ikVhZ esa vc bruh rkdrugha cph gS fd og viuh mu ?kksf"kr uhfr;ksadks ykxw dj lds tks lÙkk dh uhfr;ksa dsfoijhr gksA lÙkk ij ftl oxZ dk opZLo gS]og lÙkk dks vius rjhds ls pykrk gSA ikfVZ;kamldk vuqlj.k djrh gSaA

bldh lcls vPNh felky NÙkhlx<+ esa

ns•us dks fey ldrh gS] tc dkaxzsl fo/k;d vkSj rc ds usrk çfri{k ds usr`Ro esaHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj ds lg;ksx lslYok tqM+we pyk;k x;kA og vc Hkh tkjhgSA

igys fcgkj ds xkaoksa esa futh lsuk dktks Lo:i Fkk] og cny x;k gSA igys futhlsukvksa esa iqfyl cy ] ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksavkSj fofHkUu ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa dh Hkwfedkcrk;h tkrh FkhA ysfdu vc ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkugha] iwjh ikVhZ vkSj mudh ljdkjsa mldsleFkZu esa •M+h fn•kbZ nsus yxh gSA igys futhlsukvksa ds fy, gkfFk;kj eqgS;k djk, tkrs Fksysfdu vc uDlyokfn;ksa ds f•ykiQ yM+usds fy, lsuk rS;kj dh tk jgh gSA lsuk esauDlyokn ds çHkko okys bykdksa ds ;qokvksadks •klrkSj ls 'kkfey djus dk vfHk;kupyk;k tkrk gSA egkjk"Vª esa rks ljdkj usvkfnokfl;ksa dh cVkfy;u •M+h djus dkiQSlyk fd;k gSA

igys ljdkj dh dkmaVj baltZslh esaljdkj dh j.kuhfr ;s gksrh Fkh fd xSjtkrh;lsuk dks yxk;k tk,A tSls iatkc esa xSj fl•i`"BHkwfe ds lSfudksa dks Hkstk tkrk Fkk rksmÙkj iwoZ esa fl• vkSj nwljh i`"BHkwfe dslSfudksa dh cVkfy;usa yxk;h tkrh FkhA vc;s j.kuhfr cny xbZ gSaA uDlyokfn;ksa lsfuiVus ds ekeys esa uDlyoknh çHkko okysbykds vkSj •klrkSj ls vkfnokfl;ksa dh ghcVkfy;u yxk, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA lYoktqM+qe esa vkfnoklh cuke vkfnoklh yM+kbZ•M+h djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA

,d cnyko vkSj vk;k gS fd dkuwu ,oaO;oLFkk fo"k; dks dsUæ us T;knk ls T;knkvius gkFkksa esa ys fy;k gSA dsUæ ljdkj usigys dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk ds :i esauDlyokfn;ksa ls yM+us ds fy, ,d i`"BHkwferS;kj dhA og bl rjg ls rS;kj dh xbZ fddsUæ us iqfyl cyksa dks T;knk ls T;knkgfFk;kjksa ls ySl djus ds fy, djksM+ksa dhjkf'k gj o"kZ nhA jkT;ksa ;kuh çns'kksa dks yxkfd ;s muds foÙkh; leL;k dk lek/ku gSAos bl rjg feyus okyh jkf'k dh rjiQ eqagck;s •M+s jgus yxsA urhtk ;s fudyk fdx.kra=k esa çns'k dh uDlyokfn;ksa ds ckjs esatks le> gks ysfdu mUgsa dsUæ dh ;kstukvksa

dks ykxw djuk iM+rk gSA dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkkdk fo"k; jkT;ksa ds gkFkksa ls fudy lk x;kgSA jktuhfrd fLFkfr;ka ,slh gks xbZ gSa fdfdlh Hkh jkT; Lrjh; jktuhfrd usr`Ro dhrkdr Lok;rrk ds i{k esa ckr djus dh ughajghA

iwjh nqfu;k esa ns•k x;k fd fdl rjgls HkweaMyhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djusds fy, ljdkjksa us fodkl vkSj lqj{kk ds ukjsdks ,d lkFk tksM fn;kA fodkl dk ukjktgka jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku Fkk] ogka ogfctyh lM+d vkSj ikuh esa ifjofrZr dj fn;kx;kA ;g ,d cqfu;knh cnyko jgk gSA jksVh]diM+k vkSj edku dh t:jr gj fdlh dsfy, tehu eqgS;k djkus ds loky ls tqM+kFkkA fctyh] lM+d vkSj ikuh okyk fodkldk ukjk ubZ uhfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djus dhfLFkfr;ka rS;kj djus ds fy, fn;k x;kA ,d,slk okrkoj.k cuk;k x;k fd yksx ljdkjdh uhfr;ksa dk leFkZu djus ds i{k esa •M+sgks tk,aA ljdkj ds fodkl ds ukjs ds lkFkgh fodkl ds fy, lqj{kk ds ukjs dk HkhleFkZu djus yxsA

ns'k ds dqy jkT;ksa esa ls ipgÙkj çfr'krjkT;ks esa uDlyokn dk çHkko fxukus ds ihNs;gh ;kstuk jgh gSA tcfd tgkukckn esa jgpqds ,d vf/dkjh us crk;k fd ftl le;uDlyoknh xfrfof/;ka pje ij Fkh] mlle; Hkh mUgsa ljdkjh fodkl dh ;kstukvksadks ykxw djus esa uDlyokfn;ksa dh rjiQ lsdksbZ :dkoV ugha fn•hA lqj{kk ds uke ijljdkj us euekus fodkl dks jksdus okysreke rjg ds vkanksyuksa dks dqpyus ds fy,,d okrkoj.k rS;kj fd;kA vkt ljdkj blek;us esa liQy lkfcr gqbZ gS fd uDlyoknds uke ij fdlh dks eqBHksM+ esa ekj fn;ktkrk gS rks yksx mlls tqM+s dkuwuh loky HkhmBkus ls drjk tkrs gSaA lSdM+ksa dh rknkn esauDlyh ds uke ij yksx ekj fn, tkrs gSaAfdlh Hkh tkx:d vkSj yM+kdw jktuhfrddk;ZdrkZ dks uDlyoknh ds vkjksi esafxjÝrkj dj fy;k tkrk gSA

;fn ns•k tk, rks uDlykfn;ksa dks ftubykdksa esa ljdkj lcls T;knk lfØ; crkrhgS] os dkSu ls bykds gSaA D;k os oSls bykdsugha gSa] tgka fd ns'k dh vkf•jh iafÙkQ esa

vkoj.k dFkk

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

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•M+h tekr jgrh gSA tgka og jgrh gS] mlds?kj ds uhps •fut lEink gS] çkÑfrd lalk/uksa ls og Hkjiwj gSa] taxy gS] ikuh gSA ogkayksxksa dks thus ds vf/dkj ls oafpr djdsj•k x;k gSA ljdkj mUgsa canwd/kjh crk jghgSA

iwjs ns'k esa ,slh D;ksa fLFkfr gS fd lclsdetksj le>h tkus okys vkfnoklh leqnk;ksadh tehu vkSj nwljs lalk/uksa ij lHkh rjgdh fopkj/kjk dh jax okyh ikfVZ;ksa dhljdkjsa VwV iM+h gSA ;s muds f•ykiQ ;q¼ ugharks D;k gS \ vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr cq'k usbjkd vkSj viQxkfuLrku ij geyk djrs oÙkQdgk fd tks mlds lkFk ugha gS ogvkradokfn;ksa ds lkFk gSA njvly ;gh ukjkNÙkhlx<+ tSls jkT;ks esa Hkh nksgjk;k x;k vkSjvc iwjs ns'k esa nksgjk;k tk jgk gSA

uDlyoknh jktuhfr ls fdlh dk fojks/gks ldrk gS ysfdu os vkradoknh rks ugha dgstk ldrs gSaA ftu laxBuksa dk ,d jktuhfrdvk/kj gksrk gS] ;fn os canwd ls Hkh yM+rs gSarks mUgsa vkradoknh laxBu ugha dgk tkldrk gSA gekl ds ckjs esa Hkh ,d vesfjdhfo'ys"kd dh ;gh jk; jgh gSA uDlyoknhxfrfof/;ksa dks vc ekvksoknh ds :i esa ghçpkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA ekvksoknh fopkj/kjkds cwrs gh phu dh ekStwnk lÙkk cuh gSA ognqfu;k ds rkdroj ns'kksa esa ,d gSA

Hkkjr esa ;fn reke yM+us okyksa dksekvksoknh dgdj ljdkj ;s le>rh gS fdog viuh eupkgh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djukpkgsxh rks blls ekvksokn dk foLrkj ghgksxkA ekvksoknh ;k uDlyoknh xfrfof/;ksadks ,d jktuhfrd utfj;s ls ns•k tkukpkfg,A ftu yksxksa ds gd gdwd fNus x, gSa;k tks vius vf/dkjksa ls oafpr gS] mUgsaoafpr cuk, j•us dh ;s dksf'k'k Bhd ughagSA

eueksgu flag dh ljdkj Hkys gh mUgsalcls cM+s •rjs ds :i esa fpf=kr djs ysfdumuds ;g fpf=kr djus esa ekvksokn dkfoLrkj gqvk gSA mls lSfud cy cwrs jksdus dhdksf'k'k dk vFkZ ;s rks ugha gks tk,xk fd tksekStwnk fLFkfr;ka gS og •Re gks tk,xhAedln yM+us ls jksduk gS ;k fiQj yM+kbZ;ksads tks dkj.k gSa] mUgsa •Re djuk gSA

vkfnoklh leL;kvksa ij gks utjvktknh ds 62 lky ckn Hkh Hkkjr ds

vkfnoklh misf{kr] 'kksf"kr vkSj ihfM+r utjvkrs gSaA jktuhfrd ikfVZ;k¡ vkSj usrkvkfnokfl;ksa ds mRFkku dh ckr djrs gSa]ysfdu ml ij vey ugha djrsA

vkfnoklh fdlh jkT; ;k {ks=k fo'ks"kesa ugha gSa] cfYd iwjs ns'k esa iQSys gSaA ;s dghauDlyokn ls tw> jgs gSa rks dgha vyxkookndh vkx esa ty jgs gSaA ty] taxy vkSjtehu dks ysdj budk 'kks"k.k fujarj pyk vk jgk gSA ,sls esa jk"Vªh; eqís& vkradokn] fLolcSad ls dkyk /u okil ykus] eg¡xkbZ] fLFkj vkSj etcwr ljdkj ds uke ij turk ls oksVcVksjus dh uhfr dks egt jktuhfrd LVaV gh dgk tk,xkA ns'k ds yxHkx 7 djksM+vkfnokfl;ksa dh vuns•h dj rkRdkfyd jktuhfrd ykHk nsus okyh ckrksa dks gok nsuk ,dijaijk cu xbZ gSA

;g rks uhao ds fcuk egy cukus okyh ckr gks xbZA jktuhfrd ikfVZ;k¡ vxj lpeqpesa ns'k dk fodkl pkgrh gSa vkSj 'vkf•jh O;fÙkQ' rd ykHk igq¡pkus dh ea'kk j•rh gSarks vkfnoklh fgr vkSj mudh leL;kvksa dks gy djus dh ckr igys djuk gksxhA Hkkjresa fetksje] uxkySaM o es?kky; tSls NksVs jkT;ksa esa 80 ls 93 çfr'kr rd vkcknh vkfnokfl;ksadh gSA cM+s jkT;ksa esa eè;çns'k] mM+hlk] egkjk"Vª] fcgkj] xqtjkr] jktLFkku vkSj NÙkhlx<+esa 8 ls 23 çfr'kr rd vkcknh vkfnokfl;ksa dh gSA

ns'k esa vHkh Hkh vkfnoklh nks;e ntZs ds ukxfjd tSlk thou&;kiu dj jgs gSaAuDlyokn gks ;k vyxkookn] igys f'kdkj vkfnoklh gh gksrs gSaA mM+hlk ds da/eky esa/ekZa/rk ds f'kdkj vkfnoklh gq,A NÙkhlx<+] mM+hlk vkSj >kj•aM esa vkfnoklh uDlyokndh =kklnh >sy jgs gSaA es?kky;] uxkySaM] v#.kkpy çns'k vkSj dqN vkfnoklh cgqy çkarksaesa ;g leqnk; vyxkookn dk f'kdkj le;≤ ij gksrk jgrk gSA uDlyokn dh leL;kvkradokn ls dgha cM+h gSA

Hkkjr dks ge Hkys gh le`¼ fodkl'khy ns'k dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey dj ysa] ysfduvkfnoklh vc Hkh lekt dh eq[; /kjk ls dVs utj vkrs gSaA bldk iQk;nk mBkdj uDlyhmUgsa vius ls tksM+ ysrs gSaA dqN jkT; ljdkjsa vkfnokfl;ksa dks ykHk igq¡pkus ds fy, mudhlaLÑfr vkSj thou 'kSyh dks le>s fcuk gh ;kstuk cuk ysrh gSaA ,slh ;kstukvksa dkvkfnokfl;ksa dks ykHk ugha gksrk] vycÙkk ;kstuk cukus okys t:j iQk;ns esa jgrs gSaA eg¡xkbZds pyrs vkt vkfnoklh nSfud mi;ksx dh oLrq,¡ Hkh ugha •jhn ik jgs gSaA os dqiks"k.k dsf'kdkj gks jgs gSaA vr% ns'k dh djhc vkB iQhln vkcknh (vkfnokfl;ksa dh) ij fo'ks"kè;ku nsuk gksxkA

vke pquko esa jk"Vªh; eqís xkS.k gksrs tk jgs gSaA LFkkuh; eqís vkSj çR;kf'k;ksa dh NfoT;knk vljdkjd gks jgh gSA ;gh otg gS fd dbZ jkT;ksa esa {ks=kh; ny etcwrh ds lkFkmHkj dj lkeus vk jgs gSaA ljdkj cukus ds fy, dkaxzsl vkSj Hkktik tSlh cM+h ikfVZ;ksadks muds lkFk xBca/u ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+ jgk gSA bl pquko esa Hkh dksbZ ygj ;k,slk dksbZ cM+k eqík ugha gS] tks ns'k ds ukxfjdksa dks m}sfyr djsA

xjhch mUewyu dh ckr o"kks± ls dh tk jgh gSA blds ckotwn lekt esa vkfFkZd fo"kerkT;ksa&dh&R;ksa cuh gqbZ gSA csjkstxkjh dh leL;k ;Fkkor gSA eqækLiQhfr ?kVuk ds ckn Hkheg¡xkbZ yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gSA gj ukxfjd blls =kLr gSA vkfnoklh Hkh bl eg¡xkbZ lsvNwrs ugha gSaA turk ds fny dks Nwus okys eqís jk"Vªh; ifjn'; esa ugha vkus dk çHkko ernkuij Hkh lkiQ fn•kbZ nsus yxk gSA & jfo HkksbZ

vkoj.k dFkk

�

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

^Økafrdkjh Hkwfe lq/kj ds fcuk tkfrmRihM+u dk var laHko ugha gSA* mÙkQ fopkjtkfr mUewyu vkanksyu ds la;kstd ts-ih-ujsyk us 10 ebZ dks fnYyh esa vk;ksftr ,dlEesyu esa O;ÙkQ fd;sA lEesyu dk vk;kstugfj;k.kk ds icukok xkao dh nfyr cLrh esa13 vçSy dks xkao ds fiNM+h tkfr ds ncaxksa}kjk fd, x, lqfu;ksftr geys ds fojks/ esafd;k x;kA geys ckn xkao igqaps tkap nydh fjiksVZ ds gokys ls ts-ih- ujsyk us crk;kfd xkao ds 21 o"khZ; nfyr ;qod lw;ZdkarvkSj fiNM+h tkfr dh ;qorh ehuk flag ds çsefookg ls •iQk fiNM+h tkfr ds 600 yksxksaus jkr 9 cts nfyr cLrh ij geyk dj fn;kvkSj djhc 125 edkuksa ds njckts rksM+ fn,A?kj ds Hkhrj j•s Vhoh] fÚt ,oa vU;lekuksa dks rksM+ MkykA mUgksus crk;k fdgeys dh vk'kadk ds eísutj iqfyl dks ckjckj •cj djus ds ckotwn iqfyl us geysdks jksdus dk dksbZ ç;kl ugha fd;kA

ujsyk us crk;k fd gfj;k.kk esa nfyrksaij geys dh ;g igyh ?kVuk ugha gS vkSj ;gkavk, fnu nfyr mRihM+u dh fjiksVZ vkrhjgrh gSA ,sls esa ç'kklu dk ewd cus jguk;g lkfcr djrk gS fd ljdkj nfyrksa dsçfr gksus okys mRihM+u dks tkjh jgus nsukpkgrh gSA ujsyk us vkxs crk;k fd] Hkys ghlafo/ku esa nfyrksa dks lo.kks± ftrus gh vf/dkj çkIr gSa] ysfdu gfj;k.kk dh ljdkjnfyrksa dks muds vf/dkjksa ls oafpr j•ukpkgrh gSA

dk;ZØe esa mifLFkr fodYi laxBu dsfnxacj us dgk fd gfj;k.kk esa lkearh vkSjeè;;qxhu ccZj •ki iapk;r dk cksyckyk gSvkSj ;gka fiNys fnuksa esa çse fookg ds fojks/esa iQros tkjh djus vkSj rkdr ds ne ijbUgs ykxw djkus dh ?kVukvksa esa btkiQk gqvkgSA nfyrksa ij tkfrxr geys ns'k ds lafo/kuvkSj yksdra=k dk •qyk etkd gS vkSjgfj;k.kk ds 'kklu&ç'kklu ij ncax tkfr;ksa

ds opZLo dk •qyk btgkj gSAbl volj ij ukxfjd vf/dkj

dk;ZdrkZ ,u-Mh- iapksyh us dgk fd gekjslafo/ku esa dkuwu dk 'kklu gS] ysfduvktknh ds brus o"kkZs ckn Hkh yxkrkj lkeusvk jgh icukok tSlh ?kVuk,a fparuh; gSA ;gcgqr viQlksl dh ckr gS fd ekuo vf/dkjksadh ckr djus okys rkee laxBu bu ekeyksaesa •keks'k gSaA mUgksus dgk fd] ,d 'ksj dhekSr ij dksVZ rqjr laKku ysrs gq, uksfVl tkjhdj nsrh gS] ysfdu nfyrksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjdh reke ?kVukvksa ds ckotwn dksVZ us vcrd bu ekeyksa esa dksbZ fnypLih ugha fn•kbZgS!

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds jktuhfr 'kkL=kds vè;kid ljkst fxjh ds eqrkfcd nfyrksavkSj vU; mRihfM?r tkrh;ksa dh eqfÙkQ dhigyh 'krZ Økafrdkjh Hkwfe lq/kj gh gSA fcukbls ykxw fd,] eqfÙkQ dh ckr djuk /ks•sckth ls vf/d dqN ugha gS vkSj eqfÙkQvkanksyu esa yxs lHkh yksxksa dks bl laca/ esaxaHkhj ç;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds dqekj lat;flga ds vuqlkj] ,slh ?kVukvksa dh T;knkrjtkudkjh yksxksa rd ugha igqap ikrh gS vkSj,sls esa tkfr mUewyu vkanksyu dk ;g ç;klcgqr ljkguh; gSA mUgksus dgk fd] gekjs ns'kesa vtc foMEcuk gS fd çxfr'khy lHkhdkuwu ;k dk;ZØe ykxw ugha gks ikrs vkSjreke viQLik] edksdk vkSj vU; dkysdkuwu iwjh rjg ykxw gSaA blls ;g rks lkiQ gS

fd ljdkjs çxfr'khy dkuwu cukrh rks gSaysfdu bUgs ykxw ugha djuk pkgrhA

dk;ZØe esa ih;wlh,y ds jk"Vªh; lfpovkSj balkiQ ds lfpo fprjatu flag us crk;kfd Økafrdkjh Hkwfe lq/kj mRihM+u ls eqfÙkQdk lcls dkjxkj gfFk;kj gS] ysfduviQlksl dh ckr gS fd gekjs ns'k dh okeikfVZ;ksa ds ,stsaMk ls Hkweh lq/kj xk;c gks x;kgSA

,uMhihvkbZ ds v#.k eka>h dh jk; esa]tc ls tkfr O;oLFkk vkjaHk gqbZ gS rHkh lsnfyr vkSj vU; fupyh tkfr;ksa dks fu'kL=kj•k x;k gSA ;g vuqHko fl¼ ckr gS fd tgkaHkh mRihfM?r tkfr;ka l'kL=k gqbZ gSa] ogkamRihM+u •Re gks x;k gSA

lhihvkbZ ,e,y (jsM LVkj) ds c`tfcgkjh us dgk fd] nfyrksa dh eqfÙkQ iwathoknds fodkl esa ugha cfYd lektokn dhLFkkiuk ls gh laHko gSA mUgksus dgk fd tksyksx lkezkT;okn esa nfyrksa dh eqfÙkQ ryk'kjgs os nfyrksa ds lcls cM+s nq'eu gSaA

ukFkZ ,osU;w ,e-ih- dYc esa vk;ksftrbl daosa'ku esa icukok xkao ds ihfMr leqnk;ds çfrfuf/;ksa us Hkh Hkkx fy;kA lkFk gh]Økafrdkjh yksd vf/dkj laxBu ds deys'k]iatkc ds jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ ujosanj flag]djuky gfj;k.kk ds duZsy flag] ikuhir dslekftd dk;ZdrkZ fnus'k] tkfr fojks/hlaxBu ds gsear vkSj tui{k/j osclkbV(lagrh) ds vflr us Hkh viuh ckr j•hA

�%�� & Hkwfe lq/kj ds fcuk ugha #dsxk mRihM+u� fo".kq 'kekZ

gfj;k.kk esa nfyrksa ij geys dh ;gigyh ?kVuk ugha gSA ,d 'ksj dh ekSr ij dksVZrqjr laKku ysrs gq, uksfVl tkjh dj nsrh gS]ysfdu nfyrksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj dh reke?kVukvksa ds ckotwn dksVZ us vc rd buekeyksa esa dksbZ fnypLih ugha fn•kbZ gS---

nfyr foe'kZ

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

�

,d fe=k us ,d ys• fy•k ftldk'kh"kZd gS&"Do We Need FeminismAt All'' eSa vius bl ys• ds ekè;e lsmldk mÙkj nsus dk ç;kl dj jgh gw¡A;|fi vius ,d ys• esa eSa igys Hkh fy•pqdh gw¡ fd tc ge ;g dgrs gSa fdukjhokn dh Hkkjr esa D;k t:jr gS\ rks;g ekudj pyrs gSa fd ;g ,d if'pedh vo/kj.kk gS] tcfd ,slk ugha gSAblds m¼j.k esa eSaus dqN çkphu lkfgR;vkSj Le`fr;ksa ds va'k fn;s FksA

bl ckr dk mÙkj fd Hkkjr esa ukjhokndh D;k t:jr gS] ,d okD; esa nw¡ rks ;ggksxk fd (ukjhokn ukjh dh mu ifjfLFkfr;ksadks cnyus dh ckr djrk gS] ftuds dkj.kmuds O;fÙkQRo dk fodkl ugha gks ikrkvkSj mUgsa os vf/dkj ugha fey ikrs] tksiq#"kksa dks çkIr gSaA ukjhokn ukjh dks cnyusdh ckr ugha djrkA) Hkkjr esa ukjhokn dhmi;ksfxrk ij ç'u yxkus okys rdZ nsrs gSafd Hkkjrh; ukjh rks ukjhRo dk] eerk dk]d#.kk dk ewfrZeku :i gS vkSj if'pe dhukjhoknh efgyk,¡ mls Hkh viuh rjg Hkz"Vdj Mkyuk pkgrh gSaA eSa ;g dgrh gw¡ fdnqfu;k fliQZ Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ;k ;wjksigh ugha gS] ,f'k;k] nf{k.k vesfjdk] vÝjhdkds Hkh ns'kksa esa ukjh vkt viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksadks cnyus dh ek¡x dj jgh gS vkSj og Hkhfcuk viuh laLÑfr dks NksM+sA eqfLye ns'kksaesa vkSjrsa cqdZs ds lkFk i<+uk&fy•uk vkSjckgj dk dke djuk pkgrh gSaA bLyke esaukjh dh fLFkfr ij 'khck vlye iQgehvius ,d ys• esa fy•rh gSa] (rlyhek ghugha vkt fo'oHkj esa eqlyeku vkSjrsavius&vius lektksa esa O;kIr fyax Hksn ijloky •M+s dj jgh gSa ysfdu bLyke ijgeyk cksy dj ughaA muds ;gka /eZ vkSjlekt dk iQdZ lkiQ gSA og bLyke esa jgdj bLykeh U;k;fç;rk] cjkcjh vkSj vktknh

ds n'kZu ls vius fy, jkLrk fudky jgh gSaAog eqlyeku enks± ls T;k nk Li"V gSa bueqíksa dks ysdjA) vkt cqdZ?k gVkus dk ç'uugha gSA ç'u ;g gS fd vkSjr fdl igukosesa vius vki dks lqjf{kr vkSj lgt ikrhgSA ge vius ns'k esa lkM+h dh rkjhiQ djrsugha Fkdrs vkSj eqfLye vkSjrksa ds inZs dkscqjk&Hkyk dgrs gSa] fcuk ;g tkus fd vkSjrD;k pkgrh gS\ lkM+h Bhd ls iguh tk;s rks'kkyhu igukok gS] ugha rks vktdy dhfgjksbuksa ds fy;s og lcls lsDlh Mªsl gSAcl iQdZ bruk gS fd mls dkSu fdl mís';ls iguuk pkgrk gSA inkZ vxj tcnZLrhdjok;k tk;s rks xyr gS] ij ;fn vkSjrviuh ethZ ls inkZ djuk pkgrh gS] rks ;sml ij NksM+ nsuk pkfg;sA cl ifjfLFkfr;k¡,slh gksuh pkfg;s fd p;u dk vf/dkjvkSjr dk gks vkSj og fcuk fdlh ncko dsviuk fu.kZ; •qn ys ldsA

Bhd blh rjg Hkkjr esa vxj ukjhvius ukjhlqyHk xq.k cuk;s j•uk pkgrh gS(tSlk fd vf/drj vkSjr okLro esa pkgrhgS) rks bl ckr ls mls ukjhokn jksd ughajgk gS] vkSj u jksd ldrk gSA ckr fliQZbruh gS fd ml ij ;s xq.k Fkksis u tk;saA

,slk u dj fn;k tk;s fd mls tcnZLrh'kekZuk iM+s] pkgs 'keZ vk;s ;k u vk;sAukjhokn vkSjrksa dh fu.kZ; ysus vkSj p;udh LorU=krk dh ckr djrk gS] u fd lHkhvkSjrksa dks vius LokHkkfod xq.k NksM+ nsusdh] pkgs os ukjhlqyHk xq.k gksa ;k dksbZ vkSjA

ukjhokn dk eq[; mís'; gS ukjh dhleL;kvksa dks nwj djukA vkt gekjs lektesa H:.k&gR;k] yM+dk&yM+dh esa Hksn] ngst];kSu 'kks"k.k] cykRdkj vkfn ,slh dbZ leL;k,¡gSa] ftuds fy;s ,d laxfBr fopkj/kjk dht:jr gSA ftlds fy;s vkt yxHkx gj'kks/&laLFkk esa owesu&LVMht dh 'kk•k •ksyhx;h gSA ukjh&l'kÙkQhdj.k] owesu LVMht]L=kh foe'kZ bu lc ds ewy esa ukjhokn gh gSAukjh l'kÙkQhdj.k vkSj ukjh lEcU/h 'kks/ esage ukjh ds lkekftd fodkl ds fy;sj.kuhfr;k¡ cukus ds fo"k; esa i<+rs gSa vkSjukjhokn bu lHkh leL;kvksa dh tM+ksa dhigpku djkrk gSA blfy;s vkt Hkkjr esaukjhokn dh l[r t:jr gSA Hkkjrh; ukjhokn]tks fd Hkkjr esa ukjh dh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksads eísutj ,d lgh vkSj larqfyr lksprS;kj djs rkfd ukjh&l'kÙkQhdj.k ds dk;Zesa lgk;rk feysA

� vkjk/uk prqoZsnh

��'��"(L=kh foe'kZ

� �ukjhokn dk eq[; mís'; gS ukjh dh leL;kvksa dks nwj djukA

vkt gekjs lekt esa H:.k&gR;k] yM+dk&yM+dh esa Hksn] ngst] ;kSu'kks"k.k] cykRdkj vkfn ,slh dbZ leL;k,¡ gSa] ftuds fy;s ,dlaxfBr fopkj/kjk dh t:jr gSA

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

ckck lkgsc Mk- vEcsMdj us Hkkjrh;lafo/ku cukrs le; lafo/ku dh izR;sd/kjk ij foLrkj] ls ppkZ gqbZ rRi'pkrHkkjr dk lafo/ku 26 tuojh 1950 dksykxw fd;k x;kA vxj ge lafo/ku dkvoyksdu djsa rks ckck lkgsc us bl ikouHkwfe dks Hkkjr cuk;kA Hkkjr n.M lafgrkdh /kjk 24 (Mh) esa fy[kk x;k gS fd^^jkt nzksg dk eryc lafo/ku ds izfrdwydk;Z esa fyIrrk rFkk ljdkj dks m[kkM+iQsadus dh&Hkkouk jktæksg gSA** lkFk ghlkFk Hkkjrh; fof/ vk;ksx us ,d lq>kofn;k fd Hkkjr o Hkkjrh; lafo/ku 'kCn Hkhbl ds vUnj tksM+ fn;k tk;sA ftllsHkkjrh; lafo/ku rFkk Hkkjr 'kCn dhvogsyuk u fd tk ldsA ysfdu vHkhHkkjrh; fof/ vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'kkas dksekuk ugh x;k gSA blfy, Hkkjr dksfgUnqLrku dguk jkt æksg ds vUrZxr ughavk;kA ysfdu Hkkjr dks fgUnqLrku dgukdkuwuh micU/ks dk t:j mYya?ku gSD;ksafd vkWuj ,DV 1971 esa fy[kk gS fdlafo/ku ,oa jk"Vªh; fpUgksa dh vxj dksbZvoekuuk djrk gS rks mldh /kjk 3 dsvuqlkj mldks rhu lky rd dh ltk gksldrh gSA ;g ckr nwljh (vyx) gS fd

Hkkjr dks fgUnqLrku dguk dkuwuh :i lsBhd ugha gS D;ksafd 1971 dk tks ,DV gSoks ml dks jksdrk vo'; gSA vxj Hkkjr'kCn dks vuqPNsn 124(,) ls tksM+ djdsLi"V :i ls ns[kk tk;s rks fiQj Hkkjr dksfgUnqLrku dguk jktæksg gks ldrk gSAysfdu bl ds vykok dksbZ Hkh dkuwufgUnqLrku dguk jktæksg ds vUrZxr ughavkrk gSA ijUrq fiQj Hkh lafoS/kfud :i lsHkkjr 'kCn izekf.kd ,oa laoS/kfud gSA

1- MkW- vEcsMdj us Hkkjrh; lafo/kudk fuekZ.k djrs le; Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dhizLrkouk Li"V :i ls bafxr fd;k gS fd^^ge Hkkjr ds yksx Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZizHkqRo lEiUu lekt oknh iaFk fujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.k jkT; cukus ds fy, rFkkmlds leLr ukxfjdkas dks lkekftdvkfFkZd vkSj U;k; fopkj] vfHkO;kfDr]fo'okl /eZ vkSj miluk dh LorU=krk]izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djusds fy, rFkk mu esa O;fDr dh xfjek vkSjjk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk lqfuf'prdjus okyh cU/qrk o<+kus ds fy, n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/ku lHkk esavkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj 1949 dks ,rn~ }kjbl lafo/ku dks vaxhÑr] vf/fu;fervkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSA**

izcq¼ Hkwfe Hkkjr1- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku 26 uoEcj 1949

dks iw.kZ djds MkW- vEcsMdj us cuk djlafo/ku lHkk ds vè;{k jktsUæ izlkn dksvfiZr dj fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh,d&,d /kjk o vuqPNsn dk foLrkj lslafo/ku lHkk esa ppkZ gqbZ FkhA Hkkjrh;lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn (1) esa crk;k x;k gSfd ^^(bf.M;k lksy oh n ;wfu;u vkWiQLVsLV)** vFkkZr Hkkjr jkT;ksa dk lewg gSAbf.M;k gh Hkkjr gSA ;gka dk lafo/ku Hkkjrdk lafo/ku dgykrk gSaA lafo/ku dkvuqPNsn(05) Hkh dgrk gS fd ^Hkkjr dkukxfjd og gS tks ikap lky ls Hkkjr esafuokl djrk gS ,oa ftldk tUe Hkkjr esagqvk gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 51(,) dk dguk gS fd ge Hkkjr ds lafo/ku dk lEeku djrs gS rFkk ikyu djsaxsAD;ksafd ;g gekjs ewyHkwr drZO;ksa dk fgLlkgSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh j{kk djuk ge lHkhdk drZO; gSA ckck lkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj uslafo/ku dk fuekZ.k djrs le; Hkkjrh;izkphu laLÑfr ds vk/kj ij bl ikouHkwfe dks Hkkjr (bf.M;k) ekuk rFkk ;gka dsjgus okyksa dks Hkkjrh; cuk;k gSA lafo/ku esafufgr lerk] LorU=krk] U;k;] oU/qRo tksHkkjrh; lafo/ku ds ewyeaa=k gS ]Hkkjrh;izkphu laLÑfr (Je.k laLÑfr) ds Hkh ewyeU=k gS tks rFkkxr Hkxoku cq¼ ds /Ee esaHkh fufgr gSA ckck lkgssc us ekbZfiQykLiQh esa

izcq¼ Hkwfe Hkkjr ;k fgUnqLrku

� lh-,l- Hk.Mkjh

laLÑfr

Hkkjr (bafM;k) dk fgUnqLrku 'kCn lsvkjksfir djuk ihM+knk;d eqík gSA lafo/ku esagekjs ns'k dks bafM;k nSV bt Hkkjr ls lEcksf/rfd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr (bafM;k) ds vykok iwjslafo/ku esa dgha Hkh ns'k dks fgUnqLrku 'kCn lslEcksf/r ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl fy, Hkkjr dksfgUnqLrku dguk ns'kæksg gSA

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cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

dgk gS fd lerk] LorU=krk] U;k; o HkkbZpkjk eSus izQkl dh ØkfUr ls ugha fy, gaS];s eSus vius 'kkLrk rFkkxr cq¼ dh F;ksjhls fy, gSaA esjk lkjk n'kZu bUgh ls fy;kx;k gSA

2- Hkkjr ,d fo'kky o izkphu ikou/jrh gSA ;gka Je.k laLÑfr dk izknqHkkZoFkkA bZlk ls rhljh 'krkCnh rd tEcw}hi**uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA ;g ns'k vfgalk]U;k; fiz; rFkk lerk fiz; FkkA fgUnw /eZ dsikyd lukruh /eZ ds yksx blslkEizkfn;d ns'k cukus esa tqVs gSA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj us lafo/ku lHkk esadgka fd Hkkjr 'kCn gekjs iwotksZsa ds uke ijiM+k Hkkjr ns'k gSA ppkZ ds le; crk;k x;ktc Hkkjr ds ukedj.k dk iz'u py jgkFkkA Hkkjr ds ukedj.k ij lafo/ku lHkk dslnL; deyk ifr f=kikBh us ckck lkgsc dks/U;okn fn;k rFkk mUgsa c/kbZ Hkh nh fdmUgksaus Hkkjr dk uke] Hkjr ds uke ij ghj[kk x;k gSA deyk ifr f=kikBh dk rkRi;Z'kdqUryk o nq";Ur ds iq=k Hkjr ds uke ijbl /jrh dk uke Hkkjr o"kZ j[kk gSA bllUnHkZ us ckck lkgsc dks c/kbZ nh FkhAysfdu ckck lkgsc us crk;k fd Hkkjr 'kCngekjs iqj[kksa dk fn;k gqvk 'kCn gSA ftldsuke ij ns'k dk uke Hkkjr j[kk x;k gSA

3- ckck lkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj us Hkkjr'kCn dh mRifr ds lUnHkZ esa crk;k fdHkkjr o"kZ dk fodkl ,oa bl mRifÙkHkkjrh; laLÑfr dk ifj.kke gS ;g laLÑfr^^'kwæ dkSu Fks** uked iqLrd esa foLrkj lscrk;k gSA mUgksaus dgk fd 'kwæ {kf=k; FksA ;scgqr cy'kkyh 'kkld FksA 'kwæ {kf=k;'kkldksa esa iStou dk uke izeq[k gS ;g ,d'kfDr 'kkyh o rstLoh jktk FkkA bUgksausi`Foh yksd ij vf/dkj dj fy;k FkkA budk nwljk uke lqnkl Fkk] dgha&dgha ijlqnkl dks f=kRlq dg dj Hkh lEcksf/r fd;kx;k gSA lqnkl ds firk fnoksnkl FksA fnoksnkldks iqalx.k jkT; dk jktk crk;k x;k gSAog iq:oa'k dk jktk FkkA lqnkl] f=kRlq Fks ;kHkjr Fks bl ij ckck lkgsc dk dguk gSvxj f=kRlq ;k Hkjr ,d gh tkfr;ka FkhA

lqnkl] iqal]Hkjr ;k f=kRlq eas ls fdl tkfrdk FkkA pkgs dksbZ Hkh gks iq:] Hkjr] f=kRlq]rhuks ,d gh {kf=k;ksa dh ,d gh tkfr;ka Fkhtks 'kwæ cuk fn;s x;sA Hkjr dk lqnkl dsfirk fotou ls lEca/ crk;k x;k gSAlqnkl] iStou] f=kRlq ;k Hkjr FksA ckcklkgsc us crk;k fd iz'u ;g gS fd HkjrdkSu FksA f=kRlq] Hkjr ,d gh tkfr cu x;hFkh Hkjr gh og tkfr gS] ftlds uke lsHkkjr Hkwfe dk uke Hkkjr iM+kA bl lEca/u esa fdlh dks irk ugh] dsoy vk;ksZ dks;g gh ekywe gS fd Hkjr 'kdqUryk dk iq=kFkk ftlds uke ij Hkkjr iM+k tks lR; ughagSA ckck lkgsc MkW vEcsMdj us 25 uoEcj1949 dks vius Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk fd^^Hkkjr 26 tuojh 1950 dks loS/kfud:i ls LorU=k gks tk;sxkA gesa 'k=kqrk]tkfrokn vkSj uLyokn dks Hkwy djHkkjrh;rk ij egRo nsuk gksxkA loZizFkeckck lkgsc us gh dgk Fkk fd ^^eSa vius[kwu dh vfUre cwan rd ns'k ds fy, dqckZudj ldrk gw¡A eS igys Hkkjrh; gwa vksj varesa Hkh Hkkjrh; gwaA ckcklkgsc dk ;g ns'k izsefdruk egRo iw.kZ gSA

4- ckck lkgssc dh dMh esgur ls ghHkkjr dks loS/kfud ntkZ feyk tks fdHkkjrh; lafo/ku dh izLrkouk esa fn[kkbZiM+rk gSA ^^ge Hkkjr ds yksx Hkkjr dkslEiw.kZ izHkqRo lEiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukus rFkkml ds leLr ukxkfjdks dks U;k;] fopkjvfHkO;fDr fo'okl] /eZ] vkSj mikluk dhLorU=krk] izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerkizkIr djus ds fy, rFkk mu lc esa O;fDrdh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSjv[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/qrkc<kus ds fy, æ<+ ladYi gksdj viuh bllafo/ku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj1949 dks ,rn~ }kj bl lafo/ku lHkk dksvaxhÑr] vf/fu;fer] ,oa vkRekfiZrdjrs gSaA lafo/ku dk vuqPNsn dgrk gS fd(bf.Mu lksYM oh n ;wfu;u vkWiQ LVSV~l)**vFkkZr Hkkjr jkT;ksa dk ,d leqg gSa vkSjbf.M;k Hkkjr gSA

5- Hkkjr 'kCn dh mRifÙk ds lUnHkZcrk;k x;k gSA vxj ge Hkkjr 'kCn dhlaf/ foPNsn djs rks Hkkjr dk vFkZ egkumnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gSa Hkkjr ;kfu fdHkk$jr laf/ ls curk gS] bl dk rkRi;Z gSHkk&Kku] rFkk jr&layXu ;k lfgr rkRi;ZHkkjr&izkIr djus okyk lnSo Kku izkfIr dsfy, rRij jgukA ;g 'kCn iw.kZr% lkFkZd gSAHkkjr izkphu ls nh f'k{kk dk vk/kj jgk gSAnwj&nwj ls Nk=k ;gka ij vè;;u djus vkrsFksA ;gka ij vusdkas fo'o fo|ky; Fks tSlsr{kf'kyk ukyUnk] foØe f'kyk bR;kfn FksAfo|kFkhZ bu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Kku vtZu esalnk layXu jgrs FksA bl izdkj ckck lkgscus Kku dh layXurk cuk;s j[kus ds fy,Kku dk lUns'k fn;kA gekjk ns'k o lektds ;qod ls Hkh Kku ds lEca/ esa ihNs ujgsA mUgksaus dgk fd ns'k dk ;qod ,s'kksvkjke esa u iM+ ds ns'k ds fodkl esa viuklg;ksx iznku djsA MkW- vEcsMdj us dgkfd ^ Hkkjr Hkwfe dk uke izc¼ Hkkjr HkwfegS ftldk vFkZ lnSo Kku esa layXu gksuk gSAge Hkkjr ds ukxfjd gS] ges Hkkjrh; gksusij xoZ gSA** ckck lkgsc us dgk eSa 'kq: lsysdj vUr rd Hkkjrh; gw¡A 1- vuqPNsn 51(,) es dgk gS fd ge Hkkjr ds lafo/kudk lEeku djsaxsA lafo/ku dk ikyu djsaxsD;ksafd ;g gekjs ewyHkwr drZO;ksa dk fgLlkgSA 2- vuqPNsn 393 (lIyheasV vkfVZdy)esa fy[kk gS ;g lafo/ku Hkkjr dk lafo/kugS fgUnqLrku dk lafo/ku ugha gSA 3-vuqPNsn 5 dgrk gS fd ^^Hkkjr ds yksxksadks ukxfjdrk iznku dh xbZ gSA ns'k ds ftuekrk firk dk tUe Hkkjr esa gqvkA rFkkfiNys ikap lky ls ;gka (Hkkjr) esa fuokldjrk gSA ogh Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksxkAge lc dk ;s ukjk gSHkkjr ns'k gekjk gS]eryc bl dk Kku gS]etcwr gekjk lafo/ku gSA;s Hkkjr gS fgUnqLrku ugh]fNik buesa ekuo dY;k.k gSALorU=krk] lekurk gS bleas]oU/qrk] U;k; dk ;g ns'k gSA

laLÑfr

�

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

fgUnqLrku D;ksa\1- fgUnw 'kCn ,d Hkzked 'kCn gS ;g

,d loS/kfud 'kCn ugha gSA fgUnw bl dhlgh ifjHkk"kk nsus esa vleFkZ gSaA tks Hkzked'kCn gSa ml Hkzked 'kCn dh lgh ifjHkk"kkugh gks ldrh gSA fgUnw /eZ dk izrhd gS ;kfdlh ns'k dk ;k fdlh dqy dk izrhd gSAfiQj Hkh ;s fgUnw 'kCn bruk Hkzked gS blesalc dqN feyk gSa ;g f[kpMh ds leku gSdqN Hkh lkiQ lqFkjk ugha gSA vk/qfud fgUnw/eZ tkfr ij vk/kfjr gSA ;g ,d fo'kkyiRFkj ;k pêðku dh rjg gS ftls dksbZ fgykgh ugha ldrk gSA bl dk ;g rkRi;Z gS fdfgUnw og O;fDr gS tks Hkxoku ds uke ijdqN Hkh djus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSAfgUnqLrku dk lh/k vFkZ gqvk tgka ij fgUnwyksx jgrs gSaA Hkkjr dh txg fgUnqLrku 'kCndk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g o.kZ O;oLFkkls izsfjr gSA bu dk eq[; mís'; gS fd Hkkjrds lafo/ku dks cny dj euqoknh vFkkZrfgUnwoknh fo/ku ykxw djuk pkgrs gSAfiNyh ljdkj us iz;kl Hkh fd;k ftlsturk us m[kkM+ iQSadk FkkA fgUnw /eZ dkizpkj o izlkj bl izdkj uSVofdZx ds }kjkrhoz fd;k tk jgk gSA fgUnqoknh Hkkjr dksfgUnqLrku cukuk pkgrs gSaA Hkkjr dksfgUnqLrku dguk jktnzksg ds vUrxZr vkukpkfg,A ysfdu fof/ vk;ksx bl ij vHkhè;ku ugha ns jgk gSaA

2- fldUnj us Hkkjr ij vkØe.kfd;k rks flU/q unh ikj dks bUnql dgk Fkklkr ufn;ksa dks (lryt] psukc] 'kIrh]>sye] O;kl] ljLorh rFkk flU/q 'kIrflU/q Hkh dgrs FksA xzhd esa l dk mPpkj.kugha gks ik jgk Fkk rks mlus flU/q dks bUnwdj fn;k rFkk bUnw ls bUnql ls bfUM;k gksx;kA ckn esa flU/q unh ikj dks fgUnw dgyk;s FksA fgUnw 'kCn Hkkjrh; 'kCn ugha gSaA ;g'kCn vkosLru ikf'kZ;u esa feyrk gSAikf'kZ;u esa l* ugh gksrk ml esa l ds LFkkuij g dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;kfu flU/q unh dks fgUnw unh dj fn;k x;kA ijUrq blfgUnw dk rkRi;Z fgUnw /eZ ugh FkkA fgUnw,d igpku cu x;h Fkh tks ,d {ks=k ds

fy, FkhA flU/q unh ikj okys fgUnw dgyk;sA;g lR;rk ugh gSaA fd izkphu esa fgUnw dksbZ/eZ FkkA y[kumQ ls izdkf'kr lu~ 1964 esa,d ikf'kZ;u 'kCn dks"k dk uke ^^yqxgrfd'ojh** izdkf'kr fd;k x;k FkkA blikf'kZ;u 'kCn dks"k esa fgUnw 'kCn dsvyx&vyx vFkZ feyrs gS tSls pksj]Mkdw] 'kgtu rFkk xqyke bR;kfn gSA nwljs'kCn dks"k ^^mnZw fiQjkstqy xgr** ds Hkkx(,d) i"B la[;k 615 ij fgUnw dk rkRi;Z';kg ;kfu dkyk vFkkZr dkyk fry Hkhdgha&dgha ij dgk x;k gSA ikf'kZ;u yksxdgha ij fgUnw 'kCn dk iz;ksx xkyh ds :iesa Hkh djrs FksA

3- /hjs&/hjs bls (fgUnw 'kCn) /kfeZdvfLerk ds :i esa ifjofrZr gksus yxsA 18oh'krkCnh esa MsfoM ykjsUt us viuk fopkjO;Dr djrs gq, fy[kk fd fozfV'k usloZizFke fgUnw 'kCn dk iz;ksx HkkSxksfydvfLerk ds :i ls iz;ksx fd;k ijUrq ;g'kCn /hjs&/hjs /kfeZd vfLerk ds :i esaiz;ksx fd;k tkus yxk vxj ns[kk tk;s rksfgUnqvksa (lukruhvks) us osn iqjk.k dksfy[kk ijUrq dgha ij Hkh osn ;k iqjk.k esafgUnw 'kCn dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k gS rks ;gfgUnw 'kCn /kfeZd vfLerk dSls gks ldrhgSA bl fy, ge ;g eku ldrs gSa fdfczfV'k lkezkT; esa fgUnw dks /eZ dh LFkkiukds rgr cnyus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kAftlls fgUnw 'kCn dh O;k[;k esa dgha&dgha:dkoV iSnk dj nhA /hjs&/hjs ;g ifjorZudh rjg pyus yxkA

4- /hjs&/hjs czkã.k okn fgUnwokn esaifjorZu gksus yxk rFkk ;g dêðj czkã.kokndk :i /kj.k dj fy;kA lkjs lalkj esa ;gns'k ;g Hkwfe Hkkjr ds uke ls tkuk tkrkgSa ftldh egkurk gSA fgUnqLrku dqNHkkjfr;ksa }kjk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAfgUnqLrku dgus ij ;g ns'k cgqla[;d lsewY; la[;d gks tk;sxkA rFkk nks Hkkxksa esa cVtk;sxkA lalkj ds lHkh /eZ ;gka ik;s tkrs gStSls bLyke cqf¼Te] tSfuTe] fl[kTe]bZlkbZ] tks'kflTe] cgkbZ rFkk fgUnwbTebR;kfnA ;g gS fd fgUnw /eZ cgqla[;d gS

ckdh lHkh vYila[;d gSA bfrgkl xokg gSfd fgUnw /eZ dksbZ /eZ ugha gSA

1-fgUnwokn&czkã.kokn gSaA ftrus Hkhczkgã.kh /eZ xzUFk gS mu lHkh /eZ xzUFkksa dsj[kokys dsoy czkã.k gSA lHkh fgUnw mu /eZ xzUFkksa dh j{kk nwljs ugha dj ldrs gSaA;gka ds ewy fuoklh vFkkZr Je.k laLÑfrds iks"kd rks ugh dj jgs gSaA

2-fgUnw /eZ xzUFkksa ds vè;;u djusokys Hkh czkã.k gh gSaA tks laLÑr Hkk"kk esafy[ks x;s FksA blfy, fgUnwokn dqN ughadsoy czkã.kokn gh gSaA ewy fuokfl;ksa ;kfuHkkjr okfl;ksa dh /kfeZd vfLerk dks ;gkads czkã.kokn us lekIr dj fn;k gSA ;gka dslHkh yksxksa dks fgUnw cuk fn;kA gesa blczkã.kokn dh vFkkZr fgUnwokn dks le>ukgh iM+sxkA vxj ge ;gka ds yksx budhpky dks ugha le>saxs rks blh izdkj bu dsjax esa jax dj /ks[kk gh [kkrs gh jgsaxsA tkslaLÑfr cgqla[;d dh gksrh gS ogh jk"VªlaLÑfr cu tkrh gSA /hjs&/hjs fgUnw laLÑfrjk"Vª dh laLÑfr cu x;hA tks fgUnwvksa dkjkx Fkk ogh jk"Vª dk jkx cu x;kA ;gka ijlHkh txg czkã.kokn gh gkoh gSa] gesapkfg, dh fgUnqLrku dguk gekjs fgr esaugha gS vxj ge fgUnqLrku 'kCn dk iz;ksxdjrs gSa rks ge czkã.kokn dk ikyu dj jgsgSaA

5- jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k dk ,d xqIr,stUMk gSA og nfyrksa dks tks ;gka dsns'koklh gS iqu% mlh fLFkfr esa ykuk pkgrsgS tks Hkkjr dh vktknh ls igys FksAfo|ky;ksa esa dkfytksa esa] nÝrjksa esa rFkkvU; laLFkkvksa esa mPp inks ij ugha ns[k ikjgs gSa ;s lHkh vkj{k.k ds Hkh fojks/h gSA ;sHkkjr o"kZ uke ds fojks/h gS] ;s lafo/ku dsHkh fojks/h gSA la?k ds yksx 2021 esa Hkkjrdks iw.kZ fgUnqLrku cukuk pkgrs gSA vkj{k.kds vk/kj ij ;gka ds yksx (nfyr) fo/kulHkkvksa] yksdlHkk esa] U;k;ky;ksa esavdkMeh esa ge yksx vk jgs gS rks bu dksHk; iSnk gks jgk gS] bl fy, vkj ,l ,l,l ds bu ds fodkl esa vojks/ iSnk djnsrs gSA vxj ges vius opZLo dks cuk;s

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j[kuk gS rks Hkkjr dks jk"Vª cukuk gh gksxkrFkk fgUnqLrku 'kCn dk iz;ksx cUn djukgksxkA (vkj ,l ,l ,l) yksx dgrs gS fdtks bl ns'k esa iSnk gqvk gS og fgUnw gSAmUgksaus crk;k fd eqfLye Hkh [kruk djokusds ckn gh eqfLye curk gS igys rks fgUnwgh iSnk gksrk gSA bl fy, bu dh pky dksle>uk cgqr dfBu dk;Z gSA jsfM;ks] Vh oh]flusek] i=k] o if=kdkvksa esa fgUnwRo dksc<kok fn;k tkrk gSA ;gka ds nsoh nsorkvksadks Hkh c<+kok fn;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr vU/fo'okl dks Hkh c<kok fn;k tkrk gSA Hkkjrdks fgUnqLrku cukus dk budh iwjh ;kstukgSA fgUnwokn ykdj euqokn dks iqu% LFkkiukdjuk czkã.kokn dk iwjk ,stUMk gSaA

fdlh Hkh /eZ o tkfr rFkk lekt dsbfrgkl dks cnyuk cgqr gh cM+h ckr gSrFkk iw.kZ :is.k lkft'k ds rgr fd;k tkrkgS ge Lo;a Hkh viuh laLÑfr o viusbfrgkl dks Hkwy dj czkã.kokn ds pwaxwy esaiQal pqds gS tks fd fudyus dk uke ughays jgs gSA ckck lkgsc Mk- vEcsMdj us 'kwædkSu Fks esa Li"V fd;k gSA Hkkjr ds 'kCndks"k esa fgUnw uke dk dksbZ 'kCn ugha gSflU/w ikj ds yksxksa fgUnw dgk x;k FkkAtcfd fgUnw dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ xkyh lsyxk;k&x;k gS fgUnw dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq,,d ckj lqihZedksVZ us Hkh vius fu.kZ; esadgk Fkk fd ^^fgUnw dksbZ /eZ ugha gS ;gfgUnw thou i¼fr gSA

vkt dk nfyr lc dqN Hkwy pqdk gSijUrq fgUnwokn ;kfu czkã.kokn ;kstuko¼dk;Z dj jgk gSA vkt ds 75 izfr'krcgqla[;d dks vius pwaxwy esa iQalk fy;kgSA tks Hkkjr o"kZ ds ekfyd Fks oks xqykecu x;s] tks vYi la[;d ;k fons'kh Fks oksekfyd cu x;kA bl rRF; dks geus u rksle>us dk iz;kl dj jgs gS uk gh le>ldsaxsA D;kasfd czkã.kokn us ges ,slk tdM+j[kk gS fd mlls fudyuk vlEHko dk;Z gSAdsoy vEcsMdjoknh gh le>us dk iz;kldj jgk gSA

ys[kd Hkkjrh; ckS¼ egklHkkfnYyh izns'k ds (iwoZ) egk lfpo gSaA

D;k Hkkjr (bafM;k) dksfgUnqLrku dguk ns'kæksg ugha gS\&

ghjkpan tSuvlhe f=kosnh ij eqacbZ iqfyl us ns'kæksg ds vkjksi esa eqdnek ntZ dj mUgsa tsy

dh gok f[kyk nhA ns'kHkj eas eqacbZ iqfyl ds bl ÑR; ds f[kykiQ mBs fojks/ ds Lojksals ijs'kku egkjk"Vª ljdkj us vlhe ds f[kykiQ yxk;s x;s ns'kæksg ds vkjksi dksokil ysus dk iQSlyk fy;k gSA m/j f=kosnh us Hkh tekur ysus dk iQSlyk ys fy;kvkSj os fjgk gks x;sA

ysfdu loky mBrk gS fd ^ns'kæksg** 'kCn dk vFkZ D;k\ vlhe f=kosnh }kjkv'kksd LrEHk ls feyrk&tqyrk tks dkVwZu cuk;k x;k mls izrhd fpUg dk viekueku dj mlh ds vk/kj ij vlhe ij ns'kæksg dk eqdnek cuk;k x;kA rks fiQj frajxsesa iats dk fu'kku Hkh jk"Vªh; izrhd dk vieku gSA ,sl esa dkaxzsl vkSj mlds inkf/dkfj;ksa ij mUgh /kjkvksa esa eqdnek ntZ gksuk pkfg;s] ftu /kjkvksa esa vlhe dsf[kykiQ eqdnek ntZ gqvk gSA dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa us bl eqís ij D;ksa ugha lkspk\

blls Hkh T;knk ihM+knk;d eqík gS] Hkkjr (bafM;k) dk fgUnqLrku 'kCn ls vkjksfirdjukA lafo/ku esa gekjs ns'k dks bafM;k nSV bt Hkkjr ls lEcksf/r fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr(bafM;k) ds vykok iwjs lafo/ku esa dgha Hkh ns'k dks fgUnqLrku 'kCn ls lEcksf/r ughafd;k x;k gSA gekjs ns'k ds pqfuank tuizfrfu/h vkSj jktusrk ckj&ckj laln vkSj lalnds ckgj gekjs ns'k dks fgUnqLrku* 'kCn ls lEcksf/r djrs jgrs gSaA tks fd [kqYe[kqYyklafo/ku dk mya?ku gSA vr% ljdkj vkSj lÙkk/h'k Li"V djs fd D;k ;g jk"Vªæksgugha\ tc bl ns'k dk uke Hkkjr (bafM;k) gS rks fiQj jktusrk bl ns'k dks fgUnqLrkudg dj D;ksa lacksf/r dj jgs gSa\ D;kas ,sls jktusrkvksa vkSj pqfuank tuizfrfuf/;ksa dsf[kykiQ dk;Zokgh ugha gksrh gS\

okLro esa tks tuizfrfu/h Hkkjr (bafM;k) dks fgUnqLrku 'kCn ls vkjksfir djrsgS ns'k dh laoS/kfud laLFkkvksa esa lnL;rk rRdky jí dh tkuh pkfg;s vkSj ftujktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa ds usrk bl ns'k dks fgUnqLrku 'kCn ls lEcksf/r djrs gSa mu dsjktuSfrd nyksa dh ekU;rk Hkh rRdky jí dh tkuh pkfg;sA D;ksafd pqfuUnktuizfrfu/h Hkkjr (bafM;k) x.kra=k dh laoS/kfud laLFkkvksa ds izfrfu/h gksrs gSa] ufd dfFkr fgUnqLrku dks bl gh rjg jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa dks ekU;rk Hkkjr ds fuokZpuvk;ksx }kjk nh tkrh gSA dksbZ Hkh jktuSfrd ikVhZ ^dfFkr fgUnqLrku** ls ekU;rk izkIrugha gSA

,slh fLFkfr esa Hkkjr (bafM;k) dks fgUnqLrku* vkjksfir djus okys gj 'kDl dksD;ksa nf.Mr ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg;s\ ns'k esa gj dksbZ lrk:< ny vius jktuSfrdiQk;ns ds fy;s lafo/ku esa la'kks/u djrk jgrk gSA <sj lkjs lafo/ku la'kks/u ek=kjktuSfrd iQk;ns mBkus ds fy;s lrk:< ny djrs jgs gSa] ysfdu jk"Vªfgr esa ,d NksVklk la'kks/u gekjs lafo/ku esa ugh fd;k tk jgk gSA

gekjs ns'k ds lafo/ku esa 'kq:vkr esa fy[kk gS fd use vkiQ nk dUVªh btbf.M;k nSV bt Hkkjr la'kks/u fliQZ bruk gh gksuk gS fd ^^bf.M;k nSV** 'kCn dksgVkuk gS vkSj blds gVus ls tks 'kCn cusxk og gksxk use vkiQ nk dUVªh bl Hkkjr!D;k gekjs lÙkk/h'kh vkSj jktusrkvksa esa fgEer gS] bl ,d NksVs ls lafo/ku la'kks/u dks vlhe esa ykus dhA

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xqykeh ds lHkh vo'ks"kksa dks feVkus dsmís'; ls Mk- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj }kjkizLrkfod lq>ko ij >.Mk lfefr us 10tqykbZ 1947 o 19 tqykbZ 1947 dks jk"Vªh;èot esa v'kksd pØ rFkk dsUæh; eaf=ke.Myus 13 fnlEcj 1947 dks tktZ iape ds fp=kds LFkku ij lkjukFk fLFkr v'kksd LrEHk dspkj 'ksjksa okys mQijh Hkkx dks viuh eatwjhiznku dh FkhA ;g dSlh foMEcuk gS fdlafo/ku ds fo'ks"kK orZeku lalnh; ijEijko yksdra=k dks fons'kksa ls udy dh xbZ i¼frekurs gSaA ;g Hkzkafriw.kZ gSA lafo/ku fuekZrk Mk-Hkhejko vEcsMdj us vius ekfeZd Hkk"k.k esafo'kq¼ :i ls ;g fl¼ dj fn;k Fkk fdmUgksaus ckS¼ dkyhu lalnh; ijEijk oyksdra=kh; izkphu i¼fr dks viukrs gq, lafo/ku dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA

Hkkjr fjtoZ cSad vf/fu;e] 1934 dh/kjk 25 ds vuqlkj] fjtoZ cSad ds dsUæh;cksMZ vkWiQ Mk;jsDVj ds lq>ko ij xouZjtujy bu dkmafly }kjk 1937 esa ikfjrizLrko ds vuqlkj dsUæh; ljdkj }kjk uksVksads fMtkbZu o vkdkj dks eatwjh nsus dkizko/ku gSA dkaxzsl }kjk izfrikfnr xqIr uhfrds pyrs o"kZ 1987 esa fjtoZ cSad dh rhulnLlh; lfefr us v'kksd fpUg ds LFkku ijxk¡/hth ds fp=k dk lq>ko fn;k ftlijrRdkyhu foÙkea=kh Mk- eueksgu flag us viuhLohÑfr iznku dhA tcfd ;g fu.kZ; dsUæh;eaf=ke.My esa fufgr gSA vr% ;g Hkkjrh;fjtoZ cSad vf/fu;e 1934 dh /kjk 25 dkmYya?ku gSA igys v'kksd fpUgksa dks gVk;k]ckn esa okVj ekdZ ls v'kksd fpUg dh Nfodks gVk;kA bl izdkj lHkh izdkj ds uksVksa esals 1995 rd ;kstukc¼ rjhds ls v'kksdfpUgksa dks gkfl;s ij yk fn;k x;kA tc eSausbl nqLlkgliw.kZ uhfr ds ckjs esa lq>ko fn;kfd ns'k esa xk¡/h ds lkFk vU; usrkvksa dkvktknh ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnkujgk gS tSls ljnkj Hkxr flag] Mk- ch-vkj-vEcsMdj o lqHkk"kpUæ cksl bR;kfnA rcfoÙk ea=kky; ds vf/dkjh us fnukad 26vxLr dks tokc nsrs gq, dgk fd ljdkj usfu.kZ; fy;k gS fd uksVksa esa rks dsoy xk¡/h th

dk gh fp=k Nkik tk;sxk D;ksafd og jk"VªfirkgSA tc bl fu.kZ; dh dkWih ekaxh xbZ rks ekSu/kj.k dj fy;k x;kA 2005 esa vUrjkZ"Vªh;ncko ds pyrs lwpuk dk vf/dkj vk;kftlus 2006 esa uksVksa esa xk¡/h th ds fp=k dksNkius dk vkSfpR; rFkk jk"Vªfirk gksus dklcwr ekaxk rFkk ljdkjh fu.kZ; dh dkWihekaxh xbZA igys rks vf/dkfj;ksa us viuhVjdkmQ uhfr ds pyrs okafNr nLrkostksa dksnsus ls euk dj fn;k ij ckn esa 2009 esadsUæh; lwpuk vk;ksx us lHkh iQkbZyksa dkfujh{k.k foLr`r nLrkost nsus ds vkns'k ikfjrfd;sA 2002 esa x`g ea=kh ykyÑ".k vkMok.khus ,d i=k esa eq>s crk;k fd ljdkj us viusfdlh fu.kZ; }kjk xk¡/h th dks jk"Vªfirk?kksf"kr ugha fd;k gSA bu lc folaxfr;ksa rFkkmYya?ku ds pyrs ,d vkSj xEHkhj ekeykizdk'k esa vk;kA njvly xk¡/h th ds fp=ko mudh Nfo fdlh Hkh izdkj ls O;olkf;dxfrfof/;ksa ds fy, izdkf'kr ugha dh tkldrhA ,sEcye ,aM usEl fizfoa'ku vkWiQ izksij;wt ,DV 1950 dh /kjk 3 dh lwph dsla[;k 9 , ds vuqlkj xk¡/h th ds fp=k oNfo dks O;olkf;d xfrfof/;ksa ds fy,oftZr fd;k x;k gSA bl fu;e dks ftldkaxzsl us cuk;k mlh ikVhZ us ml vf/fu;edk mYya?ku fd;kA ;g dSlk xk¡/h izsse gS\

tc xk¡/h th dks jk"Vªfirk ?kksf"kr djusds fu.kZ; dh dkWih ekaxh x;h rks fjtoZ cSadus crk;k fd mUgsa ljdkj }kjk vkt rdjk"Vªfirk ?kksf"kr ugha fd;k x;k gSA teZu

fLFkr ekUV CykWd dEiuh us xk¡/hth ds fp=kksaokys iSu dh ,d Ja[kyk fudkyh Fkh ftldkscspus ij loksZPp U;k;ky; us dkuwuh ikcanhyxk nh FkhA bu lc gkykrksa o folaxfr;ksa dspyrs ljdkj us [kqn lHkh djsalh uksVksa ijxk¡/h th ds fp=kksa dks O;olkf;d xfrfof/;ksa esa Nkidj cgqr cM+k xSj dkuwuh dk;Zfd;k gSA ljdkj ij i=k O;ogkj dk dksbZvlj ugha iM+kA vc rks ljdkj lHkh dk;ksZds fy, lwpuk ds vf/dkj vf/fu;e dhrjiQ VdVdh yxk;s jgrh gSA 15 vDVwcj2007 esa tc rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr izfrHkk ikfVyegksn;k ls ;g xqgkj yxkbZ xbZ fd og lafo/ku dh /kjk 78 (lh) esa iz/kuea=kh ls ;gfjiksVZ eaxk, fd D;k uksVksa esa v'kksd fpUgdh txg xk¡/h th dk fp=k fcuk eaf=ke.Mydh eatwjh ds rRdkyhu foÙkea=kh us fjtoZ cSadvkWiQ bf.M;k ,DV 1934 dh /kjk 25 dkmYya?ku djrs gq, Lo;a viuh LohÑfr iznkudh vkSj vc mls eaf=ke.My ds le{k yk;ktk,A yky iQhrk'kkgh ds pyrs bl i=k dkjk"Vªifr egksn;k }kjk dksbZ tokc nsuk xokjkugha le>k x;kA tc lwpuk ds vf/dkj dsvUrxZr bl i=k ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh rFkkorZeku LVsVl fjiksVZ ekaxh x;h rc bldsmÙkj esa jk"Vªifr lfpoky; ds dkepksjksa dktokc vk;k fd 15 vDVwcj] 2007 dk i=kgh jk"Vªifr lfpoky; esa izkIr ugha gqvk gSAtc bl yTtkiw.kZ mÙkj dks izFke vihy esamBk;k x;k rks mUgksaus Hkh ;g mÙkj fn;k fdtc vkosnd dk i=k gh ugha feyk rks tokc

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esa Hkh iQst vgen fdnobZ] lwpuk vf/dkjhus fnukad 19 iQjojh 2010 dks crk;k fdmUgsa vihydrkZ dk fnukad 15 vDVwcj 2007dk dksbZ i=k izkIr ugha gqvk gS vkSj u ghvihydrkZ us ml i=k dks bl vihy esayxk;k gSA tc i=k ij jk"Vªifr lfpoky; dhikorh dh eqgj lwpuk vk;ksx ds eq[; lwpukvf/dkjh dks fn[kkbZ rFkk crk;k fd ;g i=kvihy esa yxk gqvk rks og vokd jg x;svkSj jk"Vªifr lfpoky; dh dPph dybZ[kqy xbZA lwpuk vk;ksx us 19 iQjojh 2010dks jk"Vªifr lfpoky; dks ;g vkns'k fn;sfd og 10 fnu esa <w¡<dj ml ij dk;Zokghdj vkosnd dks lwfpr djsaA jk"Vªifr dsfuth lfpo ds ekè;e ls 15 vDVwcj 2007dks i=k dh izfrfyfi] iz/kuea=kh ds futhlfpo o foÙkea=kh ds fuft lfpo dks izsf"krdhA tcfd izfrosnu esa jk"Vªifr ls ;g xqgkjyxkbZ x;h Fkh fd og iz/kuea=kh ls lafo/kudh /kjk 78 (lh) esa fjiksVZ ekaxaas fd D;kfoÙkea=kh us eaf=ke.My dh mis{kk djrs gq,11 flrEcj 1947 dks igyh ckj dsUæh;eaf=ke.My }kjk fy;s x;s iQSlys ds vuqlkjNis v'kksd fpUg okys uksVksa esa xk¡/hth dsfp=kksa dh LohÑfr nhA v'kksd fpUg ds LFkkuij xk¡/hth dk fp=k foÙkea=kh }kjk Lo;afu.kZ; fy;k gqvk gS tks fjotZ cSd vkWiQbf.M;k ,DV] 1934 dh /kjk 25 dk mYya?kugSA

lafo/ku dh /kjk 78 (lh) ds vuqlkjjk"Vªifr gh iz/kuea=kh ls Li"Vhdj.k ekaxldrs gSa u fd jk"Vªifr ds v/huLFk vf/dkjh iz/kuea=kh ls Li"Vhdj.k ekax ldrs gSaA;g gS jk"Vªifr lfpoky; dh dk;Zdq'kyrkdk izek.k i=kA ,slk djds jk"Vªifr ds v/huLFk vf/dkfj;ksa us jk"Vªifr ds fo'ks"kkf/dkj dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA jk"Vªifr lfpoky;ds v;ksX; vf/dkfj;ksa dh f'kdk;r yxkbZxbZ rks mldk Hkh dksbZ vlj ugha gqvkA vUresa jk"Vªifr ls rRdkyhu foÙkea=kh ds fo:¼^iQkStnkjh eqdnek pykus dh LohÑfr ekaxhxbZ rks jk"Vªifr dk;kZy;] fiNys dbZ o"kks± lsekSu /kj.k fd, gq, gSA bl lcds pyrs ;gfu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd rRdkyhujk"Vªifr egksn;k us lafo/ku dh /kjk 60 dsrgr Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr ds in dk dk;Zikyu]viuh iwjh ;ksX;rk ls lafo/ku vkSj fof/ dk

ijh{k.k] laj{k.k vkSj izfrj{k.k djus dh 'kiFkyh Fkh mldk mYya?ku fd;k gSA og mldscnys esa rRdkyhu foÙkea=kh tks fd vkt dsiz/kuea=kh gS muds fo:¼ lafo/ku mYya?kurFkk vU; fu;eksa dh ?kksj mis{kk djrs gq,lHkh uksVksa esa v'kksd fpUg dh txg xk¡/hthds fp=kksa dks Nkius ds Lo;a vius Lrj ijeatwjh nsus ds nks"kh gSaA

vUrrksxRok vc jk"Vªifr ls i=k O;ogkjfd;k rks gkj&Fkd dj mUgksaus esjs 2 tqykbZ2010 ds i=k dks foÙkea=kh ds ikl mÙkjksÙkjdk;Zokgh ds fy, izsf"kr fd;k ftldk foÙkea=kky; us laKku ysrs gq, 26 vxLr 2010 esafjtoZ cSad eqEcbZ dks ojh;rk ds vk/kj ijokafNr dk;Zokgh ds fy, HkstkA fjtoZ cSad usrRdky laKku ysrs gq, fnukad 3 fnlECkj2011 dks eq>s crk;k fd fjtoZ cSad us ,d10 lnLlh;] mPp Lrjh; lfefr dk xBudj pkj ekg esa xk¡/hth ds fp=k ds LFkku ijv'kksd fpUg dh okilh rFkk Mk- ch- vkj-vEcsMdj ds fp=k Nkius gsrq viuh fjiksVZizLrqr djus dks dgk gSA de ls de fjtoZcSad us ;g rks ekuk fd v'kksd fpUg ds LFkkuij xka/h th dk fp=k Nkis tkus ls lafo/ku,oa mlds varxZr dkuwuksa dk ?kksj mYya?kugqvk gSA le; dh utkdr dks igpkurs gq,fjtoZ cSad us ,d i=k ds mÙkj esa eq>s tuojh2012 esa crk;k fd 4 iQjojh ls 20 fnlEcj2011 rd mijksDr mPp Lrjh; lfefr dh 7cSBdsa gks pqdh gSaA vkSj mldk fu.kZ; xksiuh;gSA

yky iQhrk'kkgh ds pyrs eq>s ;g vk'kadklrk jgh gS fd tks fjiksVZ pkj ekg esa vk tkuhpkfg, Fkh og og yxHkx nks o"kZ chr tkusij Hkh ugha vkbZ gSA vk'kk gS jk"Vªifr] iz/kuea=kh o foÙkea=kh viuh xyfr;ksa dks iwoZor~ugha nksgjk;saxs vkSj vfoyEc gh v'kksd fpUgds lkFk&lkFk lafo/ku fuekZrk ckcklkgsc Mk-Hkhejko vEcsMdj ds izLrkfor fp=kksa okyslHkh u;s uksV 'kh?kz gh pyu esa yk;saxsA eq>s,slk yxrk gS fd dgha vkSj le; gkFk lsfudy x;k rks yksx lM+dksa ij fudy vk,axsftldh ftEesnkjh ljdkj dh gksxhA

Mk- Hkhejko vEcsMdj dk liuk Fkkfd Hkkjr dks ckS¼e; cukuk gS vFkkZr gjukxfjd dkuwu ds 'kklu esa viuh vkLFkk j[ksvkSj eè;e ekxZ dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, viuhvulqy>h ekaxksa dks loksZPp U;k;ky; o lalnds le{k j[ksA vc le; vk x;k gS fd

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,slk ugha gS fd yksdra=k ds bu nksLrEHkksa dks eSaus xqgkj ugha yxkbZ gks\ loksZPpU;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/h'k ds ikl o"kZ2011 esa rhu fyf[kr f'kdk;ras dh tks iQkbZydj nh xbZA vUrrksxRok Lo;a tufgr ;kfpdkcukdj fnukad 10 iQjojh 2012 dks loksZPpU;k;ky; esa Mkyh gS ftl ij vHkh rd dksbZlaKku ugha fy;k x;k gSA vUrrksxRok xasn vclaln ds ikys esa gS tks nyxr jktuhfr lsmQij mBdj ns'kfgr esa ,sfrgkfld izLrkoikl dj ldjkj dks rRdkyhu foÙkea=kh dsfo:¼ eqdnek pykus dh viuh eatwjh nsarkfd vke ukxfjd dkuwu ds 'kklu esa viukfo'okl cuk;s j[ksaA ;fn le; jgrs yksdra=kds bu nksuksa LrEHkksa us viuh&viuh ftEesnkjhugha fuHkkbZ rks og fnu nwj ugha tc inyksyqiukSflf[k;s ea=kh ns'k dh lkoZHkkSfedrk dksfxjoh u j[k nsaA tc ns'k dk dkyk /u okilykus rFkk foÙk vijkf/;ksa ds uke crkus esaxqIr laf/ dk gokyk nsrs gq, ljdkj xksiuh;rkcuk;s gq, gS rks eqefdu gS fd dksbZ Hkh xSjftEesnkj ea=kh tSls rRdkyhu eè;izns'k dseq[;ea=kh Jh vtqZu flag us 25000 yksxksa dhtkusa ysus okys ;wfu;u dkckZbM ds vè;{k dksjktdh; lEeku ds lkFk gokbZ tgkt lsfnYyh ds fy, jokuk fd;k FkkA mldksvesfjdk us vkt rd Hkkjr ljdkj dkseqdnek pykus ds fy, ugha lkSik gSA

laln dk dÙkZO; gS fd og voS/ljdkj dh voS/ djsalh dks gVkus dk izLrkoikfjr djs vkSj ljdkj dks ,d 'osr i=k ykusds fy, ckè; djs ftlesa jk"Vª ls voS/ljdkj pykus o voS/ djsalh pykus ds fy,ekiQh ekaxsa rFkk nksf"k;ksa ij rqjUr dk;Zokghdjus dk vk'oklu nsaA jk"Vªifr ds vf/dkjksadk tks [kqYye[kqYyk uktk;t vfrØe.k gksjgk gS mls jksdk tk, rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj(dkjksckj dk lapkyu) vf/fu;e 1961 dksljdkjh xtV esa turk ds lwpukFkZ izdkf'krdjsa vkSj nksf"k;ksa dks nf.Mr djsaA ns'kokfl;ksadks crk;sa rkfd lalnh; yksdra=k esa gj ukxfjddk fo'okl cuk jgsA ys[kd vacsMdj fopkj eap ds egklfpo gSaA

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NÙkhlx<+ vkfnokfl;ksa ds fo#¼lyok tqM+qe ds fy, fo[;kr gSA ogka tctkrs gSa rks jk;iqj vkSj nwljs cM+s 'kgjksa dsyksx Hkktik ljdkj ds dlhns i<+rs v?kkrsugha gSaA mUgsa vDlj f'kdk;r jgrh gS fdje.k flag ljdkj us NÙkhlx<+ dkdk;kdYi dj fn;k vkSj vkfnoklh bykdksadk fodkl djuk pkgrs gSa] ij vkfnoklhrks ekvksoknh gks x;s gSa vkSj vius bykdksaesa fodkl ds f•ykiQ •M+s gSaA os u lM+dcukus nsrs gSa vkSj u LdwyA ,sls yksxksa dks;g le>kuk eqf'dy gS fd fodkl ds ukeij vkfnokfl;ksa ij dSls dkjiksjsV jktFkksik tk jgk gSA mUgsa ;g Hkh le>kukeqf'dy gS fd lSU; neu dh Nrjh esa thusdks etcwj bl ns'k dh vkfnoklh vkcknhij jkstejZs dh ftanxh esa D;k chrrh gSANÙkhlx<+ esa tks u;h jkt/kuh jk;iqj dsikl iQq•jkSrh ds vxy&cxy esa ntZuksavkfnoklh xkaoksa dks m•kM+dj clk;h x;h]mlij fdlh dk è;ku gS gh ughaA

vkfnokfl;ksa ds T;knkrj xkao jktLoxkao ds crkSj iathÑr ugha gSaA lafo/ku dhikapoh vkSj NBh vuqlwfp;ksa ds rgrckcklkgsc Hkhejko vacsMdj us mUgsa tksj{kkdop fn;k gS] dkjiksjsV ekfiQ;k jkt usmls rgl&ugl dj fn;k gSA Hkwfe lq/kj rksykxw gqvk gh ugha gSA ty&taxy&tehu]vkthfodk vkSj ukxfjdrk ls vuarcsn•yh >syrs vkfnoklh dks geusyksdrkaf=kd çfØ;k ls vyx j•dj ghjktdkt pykus dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijkLFkkfir dj yh gSA fodkl ds gj dk;ZØeds lkFk vkfnoklh ds neu dk ra=k etcwrgksrk gSA 'kj.kkFkhZ iquokZl ds cgkusvkfnoklh bykdksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks clkusdk edln Hkh vkfnoklh bykds esa lÙkkdh idM+ etcwr djuk FkkA tSls vkfnoklheq[;/kjk ls dkV fn;s x;s] mlh rjg'kj.kkFkhZ] catkjk reke leqnk; vkSj bl

ns'k ds 'kgjh bykdksa esa jgus okys xanhcfLr;ksa ds yksxksa dks Hkh eq[;nkjk ls dkVfn;k x;k gSA ofj"B Hkktik usrk uan dqekjlk; fiNys pkj&ikap n'kdksa ls lkekftdvkSj jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa esa lfØ; jgs gSaAigys os vkfnoklh lekt dh dqjhfr;ksa dsf•ykiQ la?k"kZ djrs FksA

bl lekt esa 'kjkc dh cqjh yrNqM+kus ds fy, mUgksaus gtkjksa fdeh dh in;k=kk Hkh dh FkhA ,d txg vkfnokfl;ksa usrkuk fn;k fd muds fy, rks 'kjkc oSls ghgS] tSls •kus esa uedA ;fn vki uedNksM+ ldrs gksa rks os 'kjkc NksM+ nsaxsA bl ijlk; us ued NksM+us dk ç.k 40 lky igysys fy;k FkkA rc ls vkt rd mUgksaus uedugha •k;kA bl iDds ladYi ds pyrsvkfnokfl;ksa ds chp vkfnoklh usrk lk;dk lEeku cgqr c<+ x;k gSA os la;qÙkQeè;çns'k esa Hkktik vè;{k jg pqds gSaANÙkhlx<+ fo/kulHkk esa çfri{k ds usrk Hkhjgs gSaA os ikap ckj laln esa çfrfuf/Ro djpqds gSaA bl le; os jkT;lHkk ds lnL; gSaAlk; ds oÙkQO; dk lkjka'k iwjs vkfnoklhlekt dk çfrfuf/Ro djrk gSA l'kL=k cyfc'ks"kkf/dkj dkuwu vkÝlk ds f•ykiQef.kiqj dh ykSg ekuoh bjkse 'kfeZyk tksckjg lky ls vkej.k vu'ku ij gSa] mldsewy esa Hkh ;gh Hkkouk gSA

vxj Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ykxw gksus dh?kks"k.kk ds brus vjls ds ckn Hkh lafo/kuokLro esa ykxw ugha gqvk gS vkSj csjksdVksdvkfnokfl;ksa dk ujlagkj gks jgk gS] rksblds f•ykiQ vkfnokfl;ksa dk xqLlk lkSiQhln tk;t gSA vxj dkjiksjsV jkt blxqLls ds cgkus neu dk ra=k etcwr djrkgS rks bl ns'k dh turk Hkh bldhftEesokjh ls cp ugha ldrh fd gesavkfnokfl;ksa dk nnZ le> esa ugha vkrkA rcgesa vius ls ;g t#j iwNuk pkfg, fdD;k ge bl lafo/ku] bl yksdra=k vkSj blyksd x.kjkT; ds yk;d gSa! Hkkjr dklafo/ku jprs oÙkQ MkA ckcklkgsc HkhejkovacsMdj us yksdx.kjkT; dh vo/kj.kk dsrgr lafo/ku ds ewy <kaps esa yksddY;k.kdkjh jkT; lektokn dks lokZsPpLFkku fn;k gSA ckcklkgsc dks vPNh rjgekywe Fkk fd opZLokonh lÙkkoxZ bl ns'khds lk/u] çkÑfrd lalk/u] iwath vkSjm|ksx lewg ij lÙkk gLrkarj.k ds rqjar ckn>iêðk ekjdj n•y dk;e djs ysxkAvaxzstksa ds tkus ds ckn ywVekj pysxhA vketurk Hkw•ksa ejsxhA bls jksdus ds fy,lektoknh lkekftd U;k; vkSj lerk dkslaoS/kfud vk/kj nsus ds fy, mUgksaus lafo/ku esa /kjk 39 (ch) vkSj 39 9lh) dklekos'k fd;kA bu laoS/kfud /kjkvksa ds

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fodkl dk eryc gS vkfnokfl;ksa dkfoLFkkiuA ç/kuea=kh MkW eueksgu flag usdgk fd ou Hkwfe ij dkfct vkfnokfl;ksaij vc csn•yh dh ryokj ugha yVdsxh]D;ksafd dsaæ ljdkj us ou vf/dkj dkuwuds tfj, egRoiw.kZ igy djrs gq, mUgsatehu ds iêðs lkSaius dk fu.kZ; fy;k gS!mUgksaus dgk fd lky esa 100 fnu vfuok;Z:i ls jkstxkj fnykus okyh jkstxkj xkjaVh;kstuk ls vkfnoklh cgqy fiNMs bykdksa esacsjkstxkjh vkSj Hkq•ejh lekIr gksxh rFkkyksxksa dks muds fuoklLFkku ij gh jkstxkjfeyus ls iyk;u Hkh Fkesxk! loky fiQjogh gS] D;k ,slk gks jgk gS\

uSuhrky dh rjkbZ esa 'kj.kkFkhZ iquokZlls igys •ke cankscLr 1952 esa •Re gksusls igys vkfnokfl;ksa dh reke tehu ijcM+s iwathoknh ?kjkuksa] jktuSfrd usrkvksa]fiQYe LVkjksa] vkbZ,,l] vkbZih,lviQljksa] lsuk ds vf/dkfj;ksa dk dCtk gksx;kA ftlds fy, ntZuksa vkfnoklh xkaoksa dkscqyMkstj ls m•kM+k x;kA bl dkjZokbZ dksekuoh; psgjk nsus ds fy, 1952 ds cknogka iwohZ caxky vkSj iatkc ds foHkktuihfM+r 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks clkus dk dke 'kq#gqvkA eSa •qn 1980 ls iwokZsÙkj vkSj nf{k.kHkkjr lesr ns'k ds reke vkfnoklh bykdksaesa fodkl dk eatj dk çR;{kn'khZ gwaAlafo/ku dh ikapoha vkSj NBha vuqlwfp;ksadh /fTt;ka mM+kdj çkÑfrd lalk/uksa dh•qyh ywV&•lksV dh O;oLFkk dks geyksdra=k le>us yxs gSaA d'ehj ls ysdjukxkySaM rd lewps fgeky;h {ks=k dh dFkkO;Fkk Hkh ogh gSA ge rks rek'kchu gSaA gesarks vkx dh rfi'k Hkh eglwl ugha gksrhA ijtks yksx bl vkx esa >qyl jgs gSa] muds nnZvkSj bl O;oLFkk ds f•ykiQ xqLls dksle>uk t#jh gSA geus >kj•aM] NÙkhlx<+vkSj mÙkjk•aM vkanksyuksa ds tfj;svkfnokfl;ksa ds la?k"kZ dks tkuk le>k gSA

egk'osrk nhnh dh jpukvksa esa fganhlkfgR; esa vkfnoklh la?k"kks± dh dFkk,a Hkkjhrknkn esa miyC/ gSaA vc nfyr lkfgR;crtZ vkfnoklh lkfgR; vkanksyu Hkh pyjgk gSA ij vkfnokfl;ksa ds la?k"kZ vkSjmudh dFkk O;Fkk ds ge fdrus lkFkh gSa]fdrus lgHkkxh gSa] ns'k us ;g vHkh rdlkfcr ugha fd;k gSA

cqdj iqjLdkj çkIr varjjk"Vªh; [;kfrdh ysf•dk v#a/fr jk; vkfnofl;ksa dsgd&gdwd ij flyflysokj fy• jgh gSaAge mUgsa rd ekvksoknh dgus ls ijgstugha djrsA dqN vjls igys gkWyhoqM dhfiQYe ^vorkj* Hkkjr esa •wc pyhA fdlhxzgkarj esa tkus dh dksbZ t#jr ugha gS] blns'k ds gj vkfnoklh bykds esa ;g utkjkjkstkuk utj vkrk gSA ij eq[;/kjk lsmuds gd gdwd ds fy, dgha ls dksbZvorkj vorfjr ugha gksrkA ;kSu lgefr dsfy, vk;q 18 lky ls ?kVkdj 16 lkydjus ij xHkZ fujks/d cktkj t#j c<+sxk]ysfdu blls yksdra=k ckfyx ugha gksrkAgkf'k;s ij tks vkfnoklh lekt gS] mldsnnZ esa fgLlsnkjh ds fcuk ;g vlaHko gSA

ckcklkgsc vacsMdj us psrkouh nh Fkhfd jktuhfrd yksdra=k rc rd thforugha jg ldrk] tcrd fd Hkkjr esalkekftd yksdra=k dh LFkkiuk ugha gkstkrhA mUgksaus lkiQ&lkiQ dgk Fkk fdHkkjrh; lekt dh lajpuk esa lh<+hnkjvlekurk gS vkSj bls •Re djus dk,tsaMk jktuhfrd yksdra=k dk çLFkku fcanwgSA tkfr mUewyu dh mudh vo/kj.kklafo/ku jpuk ds ewy esa gSA lÙkk dhjktuhfr djus okyksa dks ;g ;kn ugha jgsxk]ij ckdh ns'koklh\

ckcklkgsc us ^çksCyse vkWiQ #ih*(Problem of Rupee) ls tksvFkZ'kkL=kh; foospu ds ekè;e ls cfgLÑrtuleqnk;ksa dh vkokt cqyan dh] mldsrgr mUgksaus psrkouh nh Fkh fd Hkkjrh;lekt esa dqN yksxksa ds ikl vdwr /ulaifÙk gS vkSj cgqla[;d turk Hkw•ksa ejjgh gSA mUgha ds lafo/ku dh gR;k ds tfj;sdkjiksjsV uhfr fu/kZj.k ds rgr vkfFkZd

lq/kj ds uke ij tks dkjiksjsV jkt dk;egqvk gS] tks vck/ iwath çokg ds uke ijdkys/u dh O;oLFkk gSA mlds f'kdkjlcls T;knk bl ns'k ds vkfnoklh gSaA rksblds çfrjks/ esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh Hkkxsnhjhds fcuk dksbZ tukanksyu dSls gks ldrk gSAHkkLdj okdM+s ckcklkgsc ds gokys ls dgrsgSa fd Økafr rHkh gksxh] tc Hkw•s yksx lM+dij mrjsaxsA ftUgsa HkjisV •kuk feyrk gS] osu vkanksyu dj ldrs gSa vkSj u ØkafrAckelsiQ ,dhdj.k lEesyu esa mudsØkafrdkjh oÙkQO; dks tkjh djus ls igysge Hkh nqfo/k esa Fks fd bl ns'k ds yksdra=kdks vkfnokfl;ksa dh Hkk"kk dh reht vHkhrd ugha gS] rks bls tkjh fd;k tk;s ;kughaA ij vkfnokfl;ksa dh vkokt dks ulqudj ge fdlh Hkh Lrj ij dksbZyksdrkaf=kd foe'kZ dh 'kq#vkr ugha djldrsA

vkfnoklh lekt bruk xjhc gS fdog viuh tku ds flok; vkidks dqN ughans ldrk vkSj blhfy, bl] ns'k dhjktuhfr vkSj yksdra=k dks mlls dqNysuk&nsuk ugha gSA laFkky foæksg vkSj eqaMkfoæksg ij fczfV'k fefyVªh fgLVªh dsflyflysokj C;kSjs dks i<+us ij ekywe gkstk;sxk fd vkfnoklh yM+kbZ ds eSnku ijtc mrjrk gS rks ;k rks ej ldrk gS ;kfiQj ekj ldrk gSA og nwljksa dh rjgHkkxrk ugha gSA

1928 ds veLVZMe vksyafid •syksa esajkaph ds eqaMk vkfnoklh t;iky flag eqaMkds vf/uk;dRo esa Hkkjrh; gkdh Vhe usvksyafid Lo.kZ thrkA •waVh ds ridkjk xkaoesa ý tuojh ] 1903 esa tUes t;iky flageqaMk dks è;ku pan ;k lfpu rsanqydj rksnwj] fdlh vke Hkkjrh; f•ykM+h dseqdkcys ge fdruk ;kn j•rs gSa\ Hkkjrh;fØdsV dIrku egsaæ flag /ksuh ls vkB ukSn'kd igys bl vkfnoklh f•ykM+h usvksyafid esa Hkkjr dk >aMk ygjk;kA ns'k usmUgsa fdruk lEekfur fd;k\ lafo/ku lHkkesa ;gh t;iky flag eqaMk Hkkjrh;vkfnoklh lekt dk çfrfuf/Ro dj jgs FksA;g gekjs fy, xkSjo iw.kZ bfrgkl gSA

'kks"k.k

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cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

iPphl iQhlnh nfyrksa&vkfnokfl;ksavkSj vM+rkyhl iQhlnh efgyk vkcknh dks/eZ ds uke ij gj fnu viekfur] 'kksf"krvkSj mRihfM+r fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu /eZvkSj laLÑfr ds uke ij yxkrkj bulokyksa dks pyrkÅ fy;k tkrk gS---

iq#"kksÙke eh.kk ^fujadq'k*fiNys dqN le; ls ehfM;k dh

esgjckuh ls dqN prqj] pkykd] Hkz"V vkSjdêðjiaFkh rkdrksa us ns'k dh jkt/kuh u;hfnYyh dks viuh çk;ksftr rkdr fn•kusvkSj laoS/kfud ljdkjksa dks cnuke djusdk u;k rjhdk bZtkn dj fy;k gSA ftldhcM+h vkSj lkoZtfud 'kq#vkr vUuk gtkjsvkUnksyu ds le; gqbZA bl vkUnksyu dksdfFkr :i ls fons'kh rkdrksa vkSjns'kh&fons'kh dkWikZsjsV ?kjkuksa dk •qykleFkZu FkkA dqN gh le; esa bl dfFkrtu vkUnksyu dh vkSj blds drkZ/rkZvksadh pkfjf=kd lPpkbZ ns'k ds lkeus vkx;hA

blh çk;ksftr ukVd dk lgkjkçkjEHk ls gh rFkkdfFkr ;ksx xq: ckck

jkenso Hkh ysrs jgs gSa] ysfdu mldk 'kks"kdO;kikjh dk f?kukSuk psgjk Hkh ns'k ds le{kvk pqdk gSA ;gh ugha ns'k ;g Hkh tku pqdkgS fd bu rFkkdfFkr ;ksx xq: dk vlyhedln ns'k esa lkEçnkf;d vkSj iQklhoknhrkdrksa dks etcwr djuk rFkk ns'k ds /eZ&fujis{k <kaps dk èoLr djuk gSA ;ghugha og turk ls çkIr vuqnku vkSj;ksx&'kqYd ds ekiQZr ,df=kr jkf'k esa lspqukoksa ds le; Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dksvkfFkZd lg;ksx djrs jgs gSaA

blh Øe esa vUuk gtkjs ls vyxgksdj vjfoUn dstjhoky us viuh u;hnqdku ^vke vkneh** ds uke ij •ksy yhgS vkSj oks u ek=k Hkkjr ds yksxksa dks ns'k dhlaoS/kfud ,oa ç'kklfud O;oLFkk dsf•ykiQ ljsvke HkM+dk vkSj mdlk jgs gSa]cfYd blds lkFk&lkFk ^^vke vknehikVhZ** cukdj] vke vkneh ds uke dk Hkhnq:i;ksx dj jgs gSaA tcfd bl ikVhZ dsuhfr fu;arkvksa esa dksbZ Hkh vke vkneh ughagSA

;s vkSj fd bu tSls lHkh yksxksa dsdfFkr tukUnksyuksa dk Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ]jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k vFkkZr~ vkj,l,l

vkSj vkj,l,l ds vuqlkafxd lHkh laxBu]ftuesa ctjax ny] fo'ol fgUnw ifj"kn] nqxkZokfguh vkfn çeq• gSa] •qydj çR;{k vkSjijks{k :i ls lfØ; lg;ksx djrs jgs gSavkSj ;s lc feydj gj NksVs cM+s eqís dkslqfu;ksftr rjhds ls ehfM;k ds ekiQZrjk"Vªh; eqík cukus dk gjlaHko vuSfrdç;kl djrs jgs gSaA

ysfdu vk'piQ;Ztud rF; ;s gS fdHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ] vkj,l,l vkSjvkj,l,l ds vuqlkafxd laxBuksa lfgr,slh rkdrsa] tks vius vki dks jk"Vªoknh]ns'kHkÙkQ vkSj fgUnqRooknh laLÑfr dhlaj{kd crykrh gSa] vk'p ;Ztud :i lsml le; yEck ekSu lk/ ysrh gSa] tcfdnfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj xjhc ,oa fiNM+soxks± dh fL=k;ksa dk ljsvke 'kks"k.k vkSjmRihM+u gksrk gSA

dM+oh lPpkbZ rks ;s gS fd bUgharFkkdfFkr jk"Vªoknh] ns'kHkÙkQ vkSjfgUnqRooknh rkdrksa ds b'kkjksa ;k budslfØ; lg;ksx vkSj bUgha ds mdlkos ij gjfnu ns'kHkj esa nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa vkSjxjhc ,oa fiNM+s oxks± dh fL=k;ksa dkslkoZtfud :i ls viekfur fd;k tkrk

*�%��, �-.�� %��

� iq:"kksRre eh.kk ^fujadq'k*

okLro esa lEeku]laoS/kfud lekurk] lqj{kkvkSj gj {ks=k esa ikjn'khZU;k; çnku djuk vkSj ;fnlcls cM+k dksbZ vijk/ gSrks oks gS&nfyrksa]vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj fL=k;ksadks gj fnu /eZ ds uke ijviekfur] 'kksf"kr vkSjmRihfM+r fd;k tkukA

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lekt

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

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jgrk gSA ns'k esa gj fnu dgha u dgha nfyrksavkSj vkfnokfl;ksa dh yM+fd;ksa ds lkFkxSax&jsi fd;s tk jgs gSaA nfyrksa vkSjvkfnokfl;ksa dk lkoZtfud :i ls mRihM+ufd;k tkrk gSA mudks vekuoh; =kklfn;kWanh tkrh gSaA

dHkh eafnjksa ls /Dds nsdj ckgj Hkxkfn;k tkrk gS rks dHkh cykRdkj djus esavliQy gksus ij nfyrksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksadh ihfM+r vkSjrksa dks fojks/ djus ds dkj.kftUnk tyk fn;k tkrk gSA dHkh gksVyksa esa•kuk •kus dh fgekdr djus ij nfyrksavkSj vkfnokfl;ksa dks viekfur djdsljsvke lM+dksa ij ?klhVk tkrk gSA ukbZ;ksadks cky ugha dkVus fn;s tkrs gSaA lkoZtfuduy&dwiksa ls ikuh ugha Hkjus fn;k tkrk gSA

bu lc vlaoS/kfud vkSj euekfu;ksadks fØ;kfUor djus dh vkKk ftu >wBs vkSj<ksaxh xzaFkksa esa nh x;h gS] mu dfFkr /eZ xzaFkksadk ljdkj vkSj ç'kklu dh ukd ds uhps]cfYd ljdkj vkSj ç'kklu ds lg;ksx lsgj fnu dgha u dgha vkSj Vhoh ij iwjsmRlkg ds lkFk vkSj lkoZtfud :i lsiBu&ikBu fd;k tkrk gSA blh çdkj lsnfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa] fiNM+ksa vkSj fL=k;ksa dslkFk bfrgkl esa fd;s x;s vU;k; ds eq[;•yuk;dksa dk Hkh lkoZtfud :i lsefgekeaMu fd;k tkrk gSA

bl çdkj rRdky lek/ku gsrq blns'k esa ;fn vkt lcls cM+h dksbZ leL;k gSrks oks gS] ns'k ds iPphl iQhlnh nfyrksa vkSjvkfnokfl;ksa vkSj vM+rkyhl iQhlnh efgykvkcknh dks okLro esa lEeku] laoS/kfudlekurk] lqj{kk vkSj gj {ks=k esa ikjn'khZU;k; çnku djuk vkSj ;fn lcls cM+k dksbZvijk/ gS rks oks gS&nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksavkSj fL=k;ksa dks gj fnu /eZ ds uke ijviekfur] 'kksf"kr vkSj mRihfM+r fd;ktkukA ;gh ugha bl ns'k esa vkt dh rkjh•esa ;fn lcls lcls cM+h ltk dk gdnkjdksbZ vijk/h gSa rks os lHkh gSa] tks nfyrksa]vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj fL=k;ksa ds lkFk •qysvkeHksnHkko] vU;k;] 'kks"k.k] mRihM+u dj jgs gSavkSj ftUgsa /eZ vkSj laLÑfr ds uke ij tks

yksx vkSj laxBu yxkrkj lg;ksx çnkudjrs jgrs gSaA

vr% gekjs ns'k esa Hkz"Vkpkj dks lclscM+k eqík cukdj mijksÙkQ çdkj ds vU;k;ksals ns'k ds 'kksf"kr yksxksa dk è;ku HkVdk;ktkrk gSA vly esa vkt lcls cM+h t:jrgS fd ge bl ckr dks le>sa fd bl ns'kdh rdjhcu uCcs iQhlnh ls vf/d vkcknhyxkrkj vHkkoksa esa thus dks foo'k gSA vr%

gesa ns'k ds d.kZ/kjksa ls bl ckr ds fy;sloky djuk gksxk fd mUgsa ns'k dhcgqla[;d vkcknh dh fpUrk D;ksa ugha gS\;fn tu&vkUnksyuksa ;k ckck jkenso tSlksa}kjk ;ksx ds uke ij HkVdk;k tkos rks blns'k ds nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj fL=k;ksa dkslcls igys muls Hkh mijksÙkQ loky iwNuspkfg;sA

ys[kd çslikfydk ds laiknd gSaA

czkã.k /eZ ifjorZu dks xSj dkuwuh D;ksa ekurs gS\vxj /eZ euq"; ds fy, fuekZ.k gwvk gS rks /eZ ekuork dk fodkl djrk gS] ;g

fl¼kUr gSA exj O;ogkj esa czkã.k /eZ D;k gS \ ekuo /eZ ds fy;s gS] ekuo ds fy,/eZ ugh gSA blfy, ;g /eZ ekuo dks xqyke cukus dk /eZ gS vkSj ;g ,d "kM;a=kgS A

;g /eZ vxj ekuork dk] n;k dk] lekurk dk] mUu;u djus dk lk/u gS rksvkt dk czkã.k /eZ ifjorZu dks xSj dkuquh D;ksa ekurs gS \ euq"; /eZ ds fy, iSnkugh gqvk cfYd /eZ euq"; ds yk, iSnk gqvk gSA czkã.kks dk /eZ D;k dgrk gS \ euq";/eZ ds fy, iSnk gqvk gS /eZ euq"; ds fy, iSnk ugh gqvkA nqfu;k es ekuork dk fodkldjus ds fy, mldk mUu;u djus ds fy, /eZ dk çnqHkkZo gwvk A

blfy, tks fl¼kUr myVk gS tc dksbZ vkneh bl "kM;a=k dks tkudj blls vktkngksuk pkgrk gS] bls NksMuk pkgrk gS rks dkaxzsl dh fo/ku lHkk] t;yfyrk dh fo/ku lHkk /eZ fojks/h dkuqu cukrh gS] t;yfyrk us rkfeyukMq es] mMhlk es dkaxzsl usvkSj eè;çns'k es Hkh dkaxzsl us /eZ ifjorZu fo/s;d ikl fd;k vkSj ikl djok djczkã.kh fl¼kar dks vefytkek iguk;k fd euq"; /eZ ds fy, gS] /eZ euq"; ds fy,ugh gSA*

Hkktik ds ,d Hkh jkT; ljdkj us /ekZUrj.k fojks/h fo/s;d vHkh rd ugh fd;kAblds nqljs dkj.k gSA eS ekurk gwa fd Hkktik •rjukd gS] ijarq dkaxzsl ;g lcls T;knk•rjukd gSA D;ksadh gaes'kk •qyk nq'eu Nqis gq, ls vf/d •rjukd gksrk gSA blfy,dkaxzsl ds yksx /eZ ifjorZu fojks/h dkuwu cukrs gS

vxj /eZ vkneh ds fodkl ds fy, gS rks mls tgka mldk fodkl utj vkrk gSogka tkus dh •qyh NwV nh tk, ijarq czkã.k dk /eZ] /eZ ugh og "kM;a=k gSA blfy,/eZ'kkL=kks es] /eZxzaFkks es ;gka ds eqyfuoklh cgwtu lekt ds gd vkSj vf/dkj fNuusds dkuqu cuk;s tkrs gS mlds mij vey fd;k tkrk gSA

vkt rd czkã.kkas dk u;k vkSj iqjkuk ftruk Hkh lkfgR; lkeus vk;k gS mu lcdks dkaVus okyk lkfgR; gekjs ikl] gekjs lekt ds yksxkas ds ikl miyC/ gksuk pkfg,A

tSls eSnku&,s&tax esa ;ks¼k yMus ds fy, tkrk gS vkSj 'kL=kksa ls iwjh rjg lslqlfTtr gks dj eSnku&,s&tax es mrjrk gS] Bhd mlh çdkj gesa Hkh yMkbZ djuh gksxh]vxj ;q¼ ds fu;e ds lkFk] uhfr&j.kuhfr ds lkFk ge nq'eu ls eqdkcyk djrs gS]rks fuf'pr rkSj ij ge ;s yMkbZ thr ldrs gSA vxj cxSj rS;kjh fd;s ge eSnku esavkrs gS rks yMkbZ 'kq# gksus ls igys gh •Re gksus dk •rjk cuk jgsxkA blfy, gesaiqjh rS;kjh ds lkFk yMkbZ yMuh gksxhA

;s yMkbZ ,d oSpkfjd yMkbZ gSA &vfgoju flag

lekt

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

i`Foh ds fuokfl;ksa }kjk eaxy xzg ijHksts x, ;k Hkfo"; esa Hksts tkusokys vuqla/ku okgu cs'kd gesa vewY; tkudkjh çnkudj ldrs gSa ysfdu vxj ;s okgu iFoh ijokil ykSVsaxs rks os vius lkFk fcu cqyk,esgekuksa dks Hkh yk ldrs gSaA cs'kd] ;s gjhpeM+h okys euq"; ugha gksaxsA oSKkfudksa dkdguk gS fd ;s csgn lw{e tho gks ldrsgSa tks i`Foh ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy, ,dHk;kud •?rjk cu ldrs gSaA

vejhdk }kjk eaxy xzg ij Hksts x,jksoj ¶D;qfj;ksflVh¸ ij yxs ,d •kst&;a=kus vHkh gky gh esa bl x`g ij ehFksu xSldh ekStwnxh dk irk yxk;k gSA bl xSl dhekStwnxh dk eryc ;g gS fd eaxy x`gij tho vkSj ikS/s Hkh ekStwn gks ldrs gSaAikS/ksa vkSj thoksa dh otg ls gh i`Foh ijehFksu xSl iSnk gksrh gSA vc loky iSnkgksrk gS fd D;k eaxy xzg ij okLro esatho&tarq vkSj ikS/s ekstwn gSa\ oSKkfudksa dkvuqeku gS fd eaxy xzg ij cqf¼eku çk.khrks 'kk;n ugha jgrs gSa ysfdu ogk¡ vfrlw{e vfodlr thoksa dh ekStwnxh lsbudkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl laca/esa :lh foKku vdkneh ds varfj{kvuqla/ku laLFkku ds ,d ofj"B 'kks/drkZefDle eØksÅlkso us (jsfM;ks :l) dkscrk;k&

eaxy xzg ij vHkh rd Lo;a lw{etho rks ugha feys gSa ysfdu eaxy dsokrkoj.k esa ehFksu xSl dh ekStwnxh dkirk pyk gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ogk¡thou Hkh ekStwn gSA vxj ,slk ugha gS rksge bl loky dk tokc Hkh ugha ns ldrsgSa fd ;g xSl ogk¡ dgk¡ ls vkbZA foKkugesa crkrk gS fd okrkoj.k esa ehFksu xSldh ekStwnxh rc gh laHko gks ldrh gS ;fnbl LFkku ij thoksa dh fujarj xfrfof/;kagksrh gksaA ehFksu xSl okLro esa cgqr tYnh

gh vU; xSlksa ds lkFk iqulZa;ksftr gksdjxk;c gks tkrh gSA

oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk gS fd ,sls"esgekuksa" dks feyus ls cpus esa gh gekjhHkykbZ gSA bl çdkj ds cSDVhfj;k us varfj{kLVs'ku 'ehj' dks yxHkx u"V gh dj fn;kFkkA ,d gh LFkku ij muds tekoM+s dsdkj.k varfj{k LVs'ku 'ehj' ds dbZmidj.kksa us dke djuk can dj fn;k FkkAblh rjg dh ?kVuk,a varjkZ"Vªh; varfj{kLVs'ku ij Hkh ?kV pqdh gSaA ;s cSDVhfj;ki`Foh ls ogk¡ igq¡pk, x, FksA varfj{k esabudk fodkl cgqr rstxfr ls gksrk gSA bllaca/ esa efDle eØksÅlkso us dgk&

gekjh i`Foh ij gok,a pyrh jgrh gSa];kuh gekjh i`Foh ij osafVys'ku gksrh jgrhgSA varjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'ku (vkbZ-,l-,l-) ij osafVys'ku ugha gksrh gSA ogk¡ dksbZxq#Rokd"kZ.k Hkh ugha gS] gj txg ij gokfu'py gksrh gSA ,sls okrkoj.k esa cSDVhfj;kdk fodkl cgqr rstxfr ls gksrk gSAvarjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'ku ij tks varfj{k;ku Hksts tkrs gSa mudh •wc liQkbZ dhtkrh gS ysfdu fiQj Hkh dqN u dqN iQiQwanmuds lkFk pys gh tkrs gSa vkSj varfj{k esatkdj os cM+h rsth ls c<+rs gSaA vxj vkibaVjusV esa tkdj varjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'kuij LFkkfir iSuyksa dh rLohjsa è;ku ls ns•sarks vkidks ogk¡ Hkkjh ek=kk esa iQiQwan fn•kbZnsaxsA

bl ekeys esa bu lw{ke thoksa dhla[;k dk mruk egÙo ugha gS ftruk mudsxq.kksa dk egÙo gSA u, ekgkSy esa osmRifjofrZr gks tkrs gSa] cny tkrs gSaA vkibl ckr dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrs gSafd vxj xyrh ls fdlh vU; xzg ls iFohij ,sls lw{ke tho igq¡p tk,a rks fiQj D;kgks ldrk gS\ yksxksa dks u, ?kkrdfo"kk.kqvks¡ lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA blflyflys esa :lh foKku vdkneh dsi;kZoj.k vkSj tSo&fpfdRlk laLFkku dhlw{e tho&foKku rFkk jksxk.kqjks/hç;ksx'kkyk dh çeq• urkY;k uksfodksok usdgk& varfj{k ;ku dks nwljs xzgksa dh vkSjHkstus ls igys iwjh rjg lsLVsjykbt ughafd;k tk ldrk gSA iwjh dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwndqN u dqN lw{e tho bu ;kuksa ij jgldrs gSaA vkSj tc os nwljs xzg ds okrkoj.kesa jgdj okil i`Foh ij ykSVsaxs rks ge buthoksa ds xq.kksa esa vk, ifjorZu dk vfxzevuqeku ugha yxk ldsaxsA

nwljs xzg dk okrkoj.k lw{e thoksa dsxq.kksa esa xaHkhj ifjorZu dj ldrk gSAfo'ks"kKksa dk dguk gS fd vkt buifjorZuksa dks igpku ikuk ,d vlaHkodke gSA vkSj vxj eaxy xzg ds fuoklh(vfr lw{ke tho) vkSj i`Foh ls eaxy ijtkusokys lw{ke tho ,d lkFk i`Foh ijokil ykSVsaxs rks os ekuotkfr ds fy, dbZubZ eqlhcrksa dk lzksr cu tk,axsA

� fodkl vk;Z

eaxy ds ¶fuoklh¸ ekuotkfr ds fy, •rjk

tkudkjh

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

fdlh ckr dks blfy;s er ekuks fdog ijEijk ls pyh vk jgh gS ;k 'kkL=kksa esafy[kh fdlh Hkh ckr dks rc ekuks tc ogrdZ] U;k;] foKku dh dlkSVh ij [kjhmrjrh gks rHkh og liQyrk ds lkSikup<+rh gSA cM+ksa ds eq[k ls fudyh izR;sdckr muds vuqHko dh dlkSVh ij dlh gqbZfeyrh gSA izR;sd egkiq#"k us tks Hkh dgkog vius le; dh vewY; ckr gS tksmudks vuq'kj.k vuqikyu djsxk og liQyrkdh vksj viuk igyk dne c<+k;sxk vkSjeafty rd igq¡psxkA

o;kso`¼ lkfgR;dkj ekU;oj lhrkjkelg;ksxh }kjk jfpr x| iqLrd ^liQyrkdh vksj* orZeku le; esa tks Hkkoh ih<+h dsvUrZ}an gS] mUgsa mUgha ds }anksa ls eqDr djrhgSA orZeku le; esa fj'rs rkj&rkj gks jgs gSaAuSfrd ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV fnu&izfrfnu ntZ gksjgh gSA ,sls esa cM+ksa ds }kjk dgh vkSj n'kkZ;hx;h izR;sd ckr izR;sd ds ekxZ dks iz'kLrdjsxh] vkSj mUgsa vU/kdkj ls izdk'k dh

vksj ys tk;sxh ,slh esjh ekU;rk gSA;w¡ rks lg;ksxh th dk thou li+Qj

dkiQ+h la?k"kZ'khy jgk gSA iQyr% og mlÅapkbZ dks Nw ik;sA lkekftd ikfjokfjdthou esa gh ugha vfirq ljdkjh lsokjr gksrsgq;s mPpkf/dkjh in ls lsok fuo`r Hkh gq;sgaSA muds iz'kklfud vuqHkoksa us mUgsa dqanuljh[kk fu[kkjk Hkh ftlds ewy esa mPpvkn'kZ] cM+ksa dh cM+h ckr dks xzg.kdj'khy lnkpkj ds iFk ij pyuk vkSjxfjeke;h thou thuk muds drZO; cks/ds lkFk&lkFk vf/dkj cks/ dks Hkh n'kkZrkgSA

rHkh og Hkkoh ih<+h ds ekxZn'kZd cu^liQyrk dh vksj* tkus dks y{; cksèk djiqLrd fy[krs gSaA ftlesa Hkko ,oa vFkZiw.kZmn~xkjksa }kjk lHkh dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrs gSaAtks i<+sxk oks vkxs c<+sxk bl iqLrd dk ewylkjka'k gSA

ys[kd dk n`"Vk cks/ dk;Z&dkj.k dsfl¼kUr dks n'kkZrk gSA ftlesa vusdksa mnkgj.kksa

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dks izLrqr dj mPp thou 'kSyh thus dksizsfjr djrh gSA

mÙke Ñfr ds fy;s mUgsa lk/qokn]rFkkxr mUgsa fn?kkZ;q djsa vkSj lrr fy[k djge lHkh dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrs jgsA rFkkxrdh f=kjRukuqdEik lnSo mu ij cuh jgsAcs/M+d izdk'ku us bl iqLrd dk vFkZiw.kZ,oa vkd"kZd vkoj.k i`"B cukdj rFkklqUnj rjhds ls izdkf'kr djds bl iqLrdesa pkj pkan yxk fn;s gSaA esjs [;ky lslhrkjke lg;ksxh dh izdkf'kr iqLrdksa esa ls;g iqLrd lcls eu eksgd ,oa lqUnj gSA

lqkh ikBd x.k bl vewY; Ñfr dkykHk mBk;saxsA

blh ikou Hkkouk ds lkFkAleh{kdµMkW- dqlqe ^fo;ksxh*

ofj"B lkfgR;dkj1@4334,] jkeuxj foLrkj]

yksuh jksM] 'kkgnjk]fnYyh&110032

iQksu % 011&22599762

iqLrd dk uke% liQyrk dh vksjys[kd% lhrk jke lg;ksxhizdk'ku% cs/M+d izdk'ku

ewY;% 150 :i;s

orZeku le; esa fj'rs rkj&rkj gks jgs gSaAuSfrd ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV fnu&izfrfnu ntZ gks jghgSA ,sls esa cM+ksa ds }kjk dgh vkSj n'kkZ;h x;hizR;sd ckr izR;sd ds ekxZ dks iz'kLr djsxh] vkSjmUgsa vU/kdkj ls izdk'k dh vksj ys tk;sxh ,slhesjh ekU;rk gSA

iqLrd leh{kk

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&,d&vkokjk gwa] nhokuk gwa] ukdkjk gwa lp esa eSa]dSn [k;kyksa dh Mksyh esa HkVd jgk gwa uHk esa eSaA

vka•ksa esa dksbZ liuk] vc gksBksa ij gS I;kl dgka]fy•rs&fy•rs lks tkrk gwa rUgkbZ ds uXesa eSaA

xSjksa dh rks ckr vyx gS] vius Hkh gS vius dc]djus dks gkfly viukiu fdruh •kÅa dlesa eSaA

esjs vanj esjk viuk dqN Hkh gS vc 'ks"k ugha ]Hkhrj&Hkhrj bruk VwVk fuHkk&fuHkkdj j'esa eSaA

dc lkspk Fkk •ks tkÅaxk >qjeqV esa rUgkbZ ds]^rst* crkÅa vc fdldks D;k] u ckgj u ?kj esa eSaA

&nks&cpiu ls ikbZ Nqêðh rks p<+h mej us ywVk eSa]ckgj&ckgj lkfcr gwa ij Hkhrj&Hkhrj VwVk eSaA

lkalksa esa ftudh gj lwjr lkft'k vkrh&tkrh gS]ekjds VaxM+h vkxs fudys chp liQj esa NwVk eSaA

xa/ iys iQwyksa esa dSls] utj ckxcka dh cnyh]psgjksa dh vnyk&cnyh esa •qn ls ihNs NwVk eSaA

lwjt djus yxk tqxkyh] /wi us NksM+k iSukiu]pkan us iguk dkyk p'ek] rkjksa tSlk VwVk eSaA

tks Hkh pkgk fd;k gok us jksds ls Hkh ugha #dh]es?kksa dks ys xbZ mM+kdj] jgk ns•rk rwiQka eSaA

&rhu&dkSu djrk gS •yd dh xexqlkjh nsf•,]thLr us xqjcr ls ekaxh rgctkjh nsf•,A

usdukeh tc fejh Fkh ftanxh ds lj p<+h]rks ftanxh us ekSr dks gS nh lqikjh nsf•,A

jguqekbZ ftanxh us dh vty dh bl dnj]fd tSls&rSls isV ds cy 'kc xqtkjh nsf•,A

fl;klr us ywVh cs•rj balkfu;r dh vkc:]T;wa gkFk esa Me: fy, cSBk enkjh nsf•,A

dy Hkh Fkk gS vkt Hkh lÙkk ds psgjs is teky]cspkjxh esa iy jgh turk fcpkjh nsf•,A

&pkj&mfB, fd vc tehu ij vacj rykf'k,]cfLr;ksa dh HkhM+ esa dqN ?kj rykf'k,A

lksuk fejk okftc ugha] gS tkxuk xqukg]vk¡•ksa esa [k~okcxkg ds eatj rykf'k,A

jkS'kuh esa Mwcdj gSa jg x, egyks&edk¡]vc jkS'kuh ds okLrs NIij rykf'k,A

dk¡Vksa esa gh xqytkj gS xqy'ku fd vc]dk¡Vksa dh ljtehu ij fcLrj rykf'k,A

vc rksM+us gSa nkl ds vkbZus fd ^rst*]?kj ds vkl&ikl dqN iRFkj rykf'k,A

irk%& bZ&3@,&100 'kkyhekj xkMZu] foLrkj&2 (lkfgckckn) ] xkft;kckn (m-ç-) & 201005 bZ&esy % tejpaltej@gmail-com] iQksu % 9911414511

rstiky flag ^rst* dh pkj xtysa

rstiky flag ^rst*

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bZ'oj ds jgrs Hkh-----

bZ'oj ds jgrs HkhD;ksa eafnj vkrh tkrhfdlh J¼kflÙkQ efgyk dhjkg chp yqV tkrh gS bTtr;gka rd fd tc&rceafnj ds çkax.k ds Hkhrj Hkh

D;ksa dqpydj gks tkrh gSHkÙkQksa dh vle; nnZukd ekSr vax&Hkaxcngokl HkxnM+ dh tn esa vkdjeafnj dh Hkxor jf{kr nsgjh ij gh

bZ'oj ds jgrs HkhD;ksa tue tue dk vijk/hvkSj dqdehZ Hkh cuk tkrk gSbZ'oj ds ukedksbZ HkO; fnO; lkoZtfud iwtux`gvkSj eupkgk bZ'oj dkscjtksjh fcBk vkrk gS ogkaviuh euethZvkSj mlds dqdeks±&pkVqdekZas dk Hkjk ?kM+k Hkhblesa drbZ ugha vkrk vkM+s

bZ'oj ds jgrs HkhD;ksa pejVksyh dk /eZHkh: blcjck pekjckeuVksyh ds HkO; eafnj dksikl ls fuj•us rd dh vius eu dh lk/iwjh djus dh ugha tqVk ikrk gS fgEervkSj vr`Ir gh jg tkrh gSmldh ;g lk/kj.k pkgvlk/kj.k vyH; cudj

bZ'oj ds jgrs HkhD;ksa 'kSrku dks iRFkj ekjrs eph HkxnM+ esaeDdk esa ckj ckj dbZ vYykg ds cansgks tkrs gS vYykg dks I;kjsvkSj ml 'kSrku dk cky Hkh ckadk ugha gksrkvkSj p<+k jg tkrk gS 'kSrkuh •aHks ij ogbZ'oj vkSj mlds HkÙkQksa ds eqag fp<+krk

bZ'oj ds jgrs HkhD;ksa lc dqN rks cu tkrk gS balkuij balku cus jgus ds fy, mlsiM+rk gS ukdksa pus pckuk A

& eqlkfiQj cSBk

bZ'oj cuke euq";rk----

euq"; esa Nqih vekuork us ghbZ'oj dk bZtkn fd;k gS 'kk;n

cq¼ egkohj tSls vdqaB euq";rk ds /uhegkiq#"kksa ds vuU; vuqies; deks± dksbZ'ojh; dk uke ns bZ'oj ds uke ijefgekeafMr dj oLrqr% bZ'k&jpf;rkvksa us bUgsavksNk vuvuqdj.kh; cukus dh ghdh gS liQy dksf'k'k vkSjlkekU;tu dh le> dks tkapk ij•k gSvkSj viuh dlkSVh ij ik;k gSfd nqfu;k vc Hkh mruk oSKkfud ughafd bZ'oj ls yM+ lds] u Mjdj jgsfd mls tM+ dj ldsfd mlds fcuk gh jg lds

bZ'oj dks tks yksx dCtk jgs gksrs gSaos njvly mldh lÙkk dh b;Ùkk dksc•wch tku&le> jgs gksrs gSabZ'ojh; lÙkk dh vksV esatulÙkk ds ?kksVd dh yxkeetcwrh ls Fkke jgs gksrs gSa

tks bZ'ojmudh lÙkk vkSj vkjkexkg dklqxe lqyHk ekxZ gSoghukuk vuq"Bkuksa&fo/kuksa esamy>&varoZfyr gksvkSjksa dh •kfrjvyH; vy• vcw> jg tkrk gS

ekuork dh j{kk esa gesacq¼ksa egkohjksa vkSj jke Ñ".k tSlsbrj nso ekU; tuksa dks Hkhmudh euq";rk dks ykSVkdj vkSjbZ'ojh; fnO; vy•Hkko&Hkwfe ls mrkjdjfiQj ls euq";rk dh ;FkkFkZ teha ijlexzrk esa ys vkuk gksxk

dnkfprbZ'oj ds èoal dh fcuk ij ghv{kr ÅtZkfLor euq";rk dh fufeZfr laHko gS !

& eqlkfiQj cSBk

dfork

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'kkD;eqfu cq¼ ds thou ds nkSjkuyxHkx 5@6 th BCE ] bZjku esa ckS¼ /eZdk igyk ços'k djus ds ,sfrgkfld mnkgj.kfeyrs gS !! bZjku ds vk/qfud fo¼okuks}kjk bZjku ds yksxk s a dh lkaLÑfrdfjfrfjoktksdh vuns•h dh xbZ gS] ¶bZjku esackS¼ /eZ¸ bl fo"k; dh tkap djrs le;laf{kIr i"BHkwfe dk ijh{k.k fdrkch dkxtls lkFk 'kq: gksrk gSA cq¼ dh f'k{kk iQkjlhlkezkT; esa ços'k djrs le; ogk dhlkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds rgr bu {ks=kdsyksxksa esa ifjorZu gqok Fkk] vkSj vkt dsmuds /kfeZd fjfrfjokt vkSj iks"kk• esaçkphu bZjkuh yksxks dh ckS¼ laLÑrh dkxgjk çHkko fn•kbZ nsrk gS--------

,sfrgkfld 'kkD;equh cq¼ dh f'k{kkbZjku esa çpkj dk igyk mnkgj.k yxHkx5@6th 'krkCnh BCE- esa fdaonarh* cSfDVª;k(vk/qfud viQxkfuLrku) ds dchyksa }kjkcq¼ ds thou ds nkSjku fd;k x;k gSA cq¼ds cq¼Ro çkfIr ds vkBosa lIrkg esa cekZ dsnks O;kikjh HkkbZ tks cq¼ ds f'k"; cu x;s FksvkSj cY• dks ykSV (cSfDVª;k) dj ckS¼fogkj dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, viuk /ulefiZr (nku) fd;k Fkk] bl dgkuh dh,sfrgkfld oS/rk ds fy, vkSj Bksl lcwrksads fy, cY• fjdkWMZ* dh xokgh vkt Hkhogk ds ,d elfTtn dks cq•kjk* dgrs gSA;g ,d çeq• ckS¼ {ks=k esa fn•kbZ nsrk gS]^cq•kjk* dk vFkZ gksrk gS fogkjk* !! 7 oha'krkCnh esa bZjku yxHkx 90 » cq¼ ds f'k{kkds çHkko ds ifj.kke fn•kbZ nsrs gS vkSj blhnkSjku 7 oha 'krkCnh ls vjc eqfLye vkØe.kdh lq#okr ls ckS¼ uSfrd lkaLÑfrd f'k{kkds lH;rk ds iru dks lqjokr gksrs utjvkrh gS-------

Qandahar] viQxkfuLrku esa feys ckS¼f'k{kk ds uSfrd ekudksa promulgatingf'kyk ys• •aHks vkSj 1962 esa xzhd esa feysf'kykys• dks dh iwjh rjg Ashokas

f'kykys•ksa ds fgLls ds :i esa igpku gkspqdh gS A igyh 'krkCnh ds nkSjku cY•fjdkWMZ ds ckS¼ fogkj vkSj xzhd fo}kuvysDtsaMj cgqifBr bZjku ds lkFk ckS¼ /eZ ds fj'rs dk mYys• fo'ks"k :i lslanfHkZr djrk gS A vkSj lezkV v'kksd }kjkckS¼ /eZ dks laj{k.k ls czkEg.ko.kZ ,dvYi laçnk; cudj jg x;k Fkk] ftldsifj.kke Lo:i iq"ife=k 'kqax }kjk czgnr dsÞR;k ds ckn] iq"ife=k 'kqax vkSj Kanva dsdetksj 'kklu }kjk cSfDVª;k ds ;wukuh jktkbl vof/ dk iQk;nk mBk;k vkSj xka/kj]iatkc vkSj fla/q ?kkVh ls pydj ikVfyiq=kij fot; çkIr dh] Menander vius'kkludky ds nkSjku /kfeZd lfg".kqrk vkSjijksidkj ds lkFk ckS¼ leqnk; ds vkns'k dsrgr cq¼ ds f'k{kk dh uhfr viukbZ] ogHknar ukxlsu }kjk ckS¼ /eZ dk vuq;kbZ FkkA

eè; ,f'k;k ds vk/qfud bZjku ds {ks=kbZjku ds yksxksa }kjk clk;k x;k ,slk yxrkugha] cfYd ;g {ks=k rkftfdLrku]mtcsfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku] mÙkj –if'pe ikfdLrku tks lezkV v'kksd dsv•aM Hkkjr ds :i esa Hkkjr ds fgLlksa esalkfey fd;k x;k FkkA bZjkfu;ksa dk bZjku ;g{ks=k rqdhZ yksxksa ds ckn eè; ,f'k;k ds iBkj

esa iQSyk gqok utj vkrk gS vkSj bZjku dsfoLrkj dh rqyuk rqdhZ ds lkFk dh tkldrh gSA NBh 'krkCnh BCE ds chp esaiQkjfl;ksa ds A chaemanid ds dchys dkikjl dk mi jktk lkbjl* tks eè; ,f'k;kesa çHkqRo ds :i ds rgr 553 BCE esa,d foæksg ds 'kfÙkQ dks tUe nsdjifj.kkeLo:i vinLFk usrRo gksus ds ifj.kkefn•kbZ nsrs gS-----------

Hkkjrh; ekS;Z jktoa'k (324&187BCE) ds jktk v'kksd ds 'kkludky dsrgr] ckS¼ /eZ bZjkd ds vklikl ds {ks=kesa çpkj gqok Fkk] lezkV v'kksd viuslkezkT; dks nwj ds Hkkxksa esa ckS¼ ds f'k{kkds rgr lkezkT; dk Hkh foLrkj fd;k Fkk AlezkV v'kksd us cM+h la[;k esa ckS¼ fHk{kqvksadks cq¼ dh f'k{kkvksa dk çlkj djus dsfy, mÙkj&if'pe çns'kksa vkSj bZjku ds {ks=kesa Hkstk x;k Fkk] vkSj lezkV v'kksd }kjkLFkkfir jkWd f'kykys•ksa ds vo'ks"k vkt Hkheè; ,f'k;k ds bZjku ds iBkj vkSj mÙkj–if'pe çns'kksa esa ckS¼ lkaLÑfrd lH;rkdh nkLrku xgok nsrh gS vkSj ckS¼ /eZ dhbZjkuh lH;rk ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedkjgh ysfdu bZjkuh fo}kuksa }kjk bl bfrgkldh vuns•h dh gS---------

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lezkV v'kksd vkSj bZjku esa ckS¼ /eZ

bZjku ds vk/qfud fo¼okuks }kjk bZjku ds yksxksa dh lkaLÑfrd fjfrfjoktksdhvuns•h dh xbZ gSA lezkV v'kksd us cM+h la[;k esa ckS¼ fHk{kqvksa dks cq¼ dhf'k{kkvksa dk çlkj djus ds fy, mÙkj&if'pe çns'kksa vkSj bZjku ds {ks=k esa Hkstkx;k FkkA LFkkfir jkWd f'kykys•ksa ds vo'ks"k vkt Hkh xokg gSaA� �

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/Ee ns'kuk

nq[k ds fo#¼ cq¼ dh igyh yydkj gSvfo|kA vfo|k dks igpku fy;k tk,A vfo|kdks igys gh igpku fy;k tk,xk rks vkxs dsmu dkj.kksa dks leu gks tkrk gS] tks nq[k dsdkj.kksHkwr cu tkrs gSaA [krirokj dks 'kq: esagh tM+ m?kkV fn;k tk, rHkh thou dk ikS/k lgt o ljyrk ls iui ldsxkA ryokj dh/kj ls vNwrs gksdj euq"; ds lq[k xqtjldrs gSa ysfdu vfo|k rks igys gh euq"; dksjksd nsrh gS] ns[ksa! dSls lq[k rd euq"; igqapikrk gS\ nq[k esa iQSalk gS] iQSalk jg! ij lq[krd rsjh igqap rks ugha gksxhA lkjh ftanxh dk;q¼ ;gh rks gSA

ge pkgrs D;k gSa] gesa feyrk D;k gS\tc fe=k cuk;k] tc nksLrh dh Fkh vkSjNksVs&cM+s ok;ns nksLrh fuHkkus ds fy, fd;sFksA rc lq[k gh lq[k Fkk] laxr dk lq[k FkkA;g ugha irk Fkk fd D;ksa nksLr dh laxr lq[kgS vkSj ;g ugha irk Fkk fd nksLr dh laxrtc u gksxh rks D;k rc Hkh lq[k gksxkA T;knkugha FkksM+k gh tkuuk FkkA vfo|k dh vuqifLFkfrgh rks fo|k gSA FkksM+k tkuuk gh rks Kku gS]T;knk Kku Kku dgkaa jg tkrk gSA

dk s b Z j k st l qcg mB s ] vk S j jV ssdkeslqfePNkpkjk osje.kh flD[kkina lekfn;kfe]og fganh dj vaxzsth dj yksxksa dks [kwcle>k;s fd O;fHkpkj ls fojr jgks vkSj [kqnO;fHkpkj esa fyIr jgsA yaxksV dks <+hykdj?kqesaA tjk ekSdk feyk ugha fd og pwds ughaA;g D;k gS\ iafDr;ksa dks i<+ ysuk] mUgsa ;kndj ysuk] fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa mldk :ikUrj.kdj nsuk] Kku ds Hkw[ks yksxksa ds lkeus cd&cddj nsuk rks Kku ugha gSA tc rd djds uns[kk tk,A tc rd [kqn ls [kqn gh u tkufy;k tk, vkSj tc rd tkudkfj;ka gekjkvuqHko u cu tk, rc ugha dgsaxs fd tks

vfo|k dh /qa/ Fkh] og gV xbZAnq[k ds izR;; dh 'kq#vkr gh vfo|k ls

gksrh gSA fdlh xkao dh jkg ij oV o`{k FkkAvHkh ;qok ugha Fkk] fd'kksj o; Fkk] u iQwy Fks]u iQy vkSj u gh cht gh FksA ysfdu tokuhdks tYnh gh ik ysus okys ml o`{k esa iQwy vkSjiQy ftuls ,d vkSj oV o`{k cuus dhlaHkkouk Fkh] D;k ugha Fkh\ D;k mlds vanjfodkl dh ,slh dksbZ ;k=kk ugha Fkh fd ftlesals iQwy o iQy cu vk;s] ftUgas nqfu;k ns[kldsA ;g cM+k fuf'pr Fkk fd fd'kksj o; dsml oV o`{k ds vanj ,slk dksbZ {k.k ugha Fkk]tks fodkl izokg esa u gksA fodkl ,dizfØ;k gS] izokg ftlesa cht ikS/k curk gS]isM+ curk gS] iQwy nsrk gS] iQy nsrk gS] iQyksals cht gksrs gSaA

isM+ ij ,d iQwy iwjh rjg feVrk ughafd feVus ls igys gh mlesa iQy cuus dhizR;; mHkj vkrs gSaA iQy vius vfLrRo dks[kks, fd mlls igys gh mlesa cht tUe ysysrs gSaA

ml fd'kksj o; o`{k ds vanj ,slk dksbZ{k.k ugha Fkk tks fodkl izokg esa iQy ls iQwyvkSj fiQj cht cuus dh vksj izokfgr u gks jgkgksA iQwy iwjh rjg feVk ugha fd mlesa muizR;;ksa us tUe ys fy;k tks iQwy dks iQy cuusds izokg (cgko) dh vksj ys tkrs gSaA iQwyyk[kksa&djksM+ksa {kf.kd izokg esa izokfgr gksrk]iqjkus esa ls gh u;k tUe ysrk vkxs c<+rk gSAvkSj iQwy iQy cu tkrk gSA iQy cht cutkrk gS vkSj cht oV o`{k cu tkrk gS ;kuhiQwy e`R;q dks izkIr djrk gS fd mlls igysiQy dk izR;; mRiUu gks tkrk gS] iQy e`R;qdks izkIr gksrk gS fd mlls igys mlesa chtdk izR;; mRiUu gks tkrs gSa vkSj cht e`R;qdks izkIr gksrk ugha fd mlesa ls o`{k ds izR;;mRiUu gks tkrs gSaA

,d feVk ugha fd feVus ls igysgh izR;; mHkj vk, fd u;k tUe gksuk gSA{k.k&{k.k e`R;q ls {k.k&{k.k tUe dh mRifÙkgksrh tkrh gSA 'kjhj ls tc rd cpiu dhy{k.k feVsaxs ugha] e`R;q dks izkIr ugha gksaxs rcrd tokuh ds y{k.kksa dk tUe dSls gksxkAtUe ls igys gh tUe ds izR;; mB [kMs+ gksrsgSaA yksgs dh dfM+;ksa okyh pSu ns[kh gksxhA ,ddM+h tgka [kRe gksrh gS] mlls tjk igys ghvxyh dM+h dk vfLrRo izdV gks tkrk gSA,d dM+h dk var vkSj dM+h dh 'kq#vkr esatks fujarjrk gS] ogh fujarjrk izd`fr dk iz/ku xq.k gSA ifjorZu izd`fr dk fo/ku gS] rqeHkys gh udkj nks] vLohdkj dj nks ysfdublls rqe >wBs Hkys gh lkfcr gks tkvks ysfduizd`fr >wBh fl¼ ugha gks ldrh gSA tUe vkSje`R;q dk dk izokg ,d gh 'kjhj esa {k.k&{k.krks ?kfVr gks jgk gS] bls udkjksxs rc Hkh] blsLohdkjksxs rc Hkh] ;g {kf.kd ifjorZu dhxfr izokfgr gksrh jgsxhA fujarjrk ,d leqPp;gSA izokg dk ,d lewg gS] ge tc ns[krs gSarks ns[ksaxs fd unh gS] ij xkSj ugha djrs fdog unh tks rqeus vHkh dqN {k.k igys ns[khFkh og rks xqtj xbZ gSA og rks vkxs fudy xbZgSA vHkh tks ns[k jgs gks] ;g og ty ugha fdftls rqeus dqN {k.k igys ns[kk FkkA og tyvkxs fudy x;k ftls rqeus igys ns[kk FkkA;g rks ihNs dk ty gSA thou dk ;g lR;gS fd izd`fr ds izokg esa dqN ,slk ugha ftlsrqe idM+dj cSB tkvksxsA og izd`fr izokg esatqM+uk vkSj fc[kjuk] tUeuk vkSj e`R;q dksikuk vkSj fiQj e`R;q ls tUeuk vkSj fiQj tUels e`R;q dks ik ysuk gSA tks tqM+k gS ;k tkstksM+k x;k gS] ,d fnu t:j fc[kj tk;sxkAtks eafMr gqvk gS] og [kf.Mr Hkh gksxkA rkseksg fdl ckr dkA eksg rks iSnk gh vKkurkds dkj.k gksrk gSA vKkurk gh] vfo|k gS]tkudkjh dk vHkko gS] vfo|k dk;Z&dkj.kdh le> u gksuk gSA vfo|k pkj vk;Z lR;fd nq[k gS] nq[k dk dkj.k gS] nq[k nwj djusds mik; gS vkSj mik;ksa dks viukdj ge nq[knwj dj ldrs gS] dk Kku u gksuk gSA

izR;;&leqRikn dk fu;e gh gS fdleku izR;; dk mRikn ;kuh nq[k mRiUudjus okys izR;;ksa ls nq[k dh mRifÙk gksrh gSvkSj lq[k mRiUu djus okys izR;;ksa ls lq[kdh mRifÙk gksrh gSA

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cPpksa dh eqiQr vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk(vkjVhbZ) vf/fu;e 2009 dk mís'; Fkkfd gj cPps dks ,d vksipkfjd Ldwy esa tksvko';d ekinaMksa vkSj ekudksa dh iwrhZ djrkgks larks"ktud çkfFed f'k{kk feysA vkjVhbZvf/fu;e dk mís'; gekjh f'k{kk ç.kkyh dhfolaxfr;ksa vkSj detksfj;ksa dk lq/kj djukFkkA ij tehuh gdhd?r ;g gS fd vkjVhbZvf/fu;e iwjh rjg foiQy jgk gS vkSj blusleL;kvksa dk fuokj.k djus ds LFkku ij vkSjvf/d leL;k,a •M+h dj nh gSaA vkjVhbZ dsnq'çHkko dk xgjkbZ ls vè;;u djus ds cknfofHkUu laLFkk,a tSls lks'ky odZtZ ,lksfl,'kuvkSj fnYyh LVsV ifCyd Ldwy eSustesaV,lksfl,'ku bl fu"d'kZ ij igqaps gSa fd blvf/fu;e us f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa iQSyh cqjkbZ;ksa esavf/d c<+kSrjh dh gS vkSj bl dkj.k ls ;glaLFkk,a bl vf/fu;e ls iSnk gksus okyhcqjkbZ;ksa ds f•ykiQ fujarj vkokt mBk jgh gSaA

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^^vkjVhbZ ds rgr lHkh ljdkjh fo|ky;ksadks vkBoha d{kk rd fdlh Hkh cPps dks,Mfe'ku ds fy, Lohdkj djuk vfuok;Z gSAbl dkj.k ls ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa Nk=kksa dhla[;k bruh c<+ xbZ gS fd dqN dqN d{kkvksaesa 150 rd Nk=k gSaA uke u Nkius dh 'krZ ijljdkjh Ldwyksa ds f'k{kd ,d d{kk esa brusNk=kksa dks i<+k ldus esa vleFkZrk O;ÙkQ djrs

gSaA ljdkj dh vksj ls visf{kr cqfu;knhlqfo/kvksa dks mIyC/ djkus esa vleFkZrk usgkykr dks vkSj vf/d •jkc dj fn;k gSAblesa f'k{kdksa dh ekd?wy la[;k dh deh]d{kkvksa vkSj Ldwyksa dh vko';drk Hkh 'kkfeygSA urhtru vf/drj f'k{kd xq.koÙkk dhf'k{kk çnku djus ds LFkku ij dsoy ;glqfuf'pr djus esa yxs jgrs gSa fd mudsf•ykiQ dksbZ f'kdk;r u vk,A**

fnYyh LVsV ifCyd Ldwy eSustesaV,lksfl,'ku ds vè;{k vkj lh tSu dkekuuk gS fd f'k{kk vf/dkj vf/fu;e nks"kksals Hkjk iM+k gSA fnYyh ds futh Ldwyksa dkçfrfuf/Ro djrh ;g ,lksfl,'ku bl efgusdh 25 rkjh• dks vkjVhbZ ds vekU;rk çkIrLdwyksa ds lEca/ esa ykxw fd, tk jgs d?kuwuds fojks/ esa fnYyh fo/ku lHkk dh vksjfojks/ ekpZ dk vk;kstu dj jgh gSA pkanxhjke v•kM+s ls 'kq: gks dj ;g ekpZ fnYyhfo/ku lHkh dh vksj c<+sxkA tSu dgrs gSa%;fn ljdkj visf{kr cqfu;knh lqfo/kvksa dksçnku djus esa vleFkZ Fkh rks mls bu NksVsifCyd Ldwyksa dks vkxs c<+kuk Fkk tks devk; oxZ] vYila[;dksa ds bykd?ksa vkSjefyu cfLr;ksa esa egku lsok dj jgs gSaA bubykd?ksa esa cM+s Hkouksa dh vk'kk djuk csodwiQhgSA bu çkbZosV Ldwyksa us f'k{kk dh cqfu;knhvko';drkvksa dks mu bykd?ksa esa iwjk djusdh dksf'k'k dh gS tgka ;g lqfo/k,a ç;kIrmIyC/ ugha FkhaA fiQj Hkh ljdkj us 2006 dsckn ls fdlh Hkh Ldwy dks ekU;rk ugha nh gSAvHkh ds dkuwu ds vuqlkj Ldwy dks ekU;rk

nsus ds fy, de ls de 800 oxZ ehVj tehupkfg,A iquokZl dkyksfu;ksa esa tgka ljdkj us25 oxZ ehVj tehu vkoafVr dh gS ;fn Ldwydk fuekZ.k djuk gks rks iQySVksa ds iwjs Cykddks •jhnuk iM+sxkA ,sls esa D;ksa dksbZ deiQhl ij xjhcksa dks i<+kus ds fy, bruk /uO;; djsxk\ mu dkyksfu;ksa esa tgka 25 oxZehVj Hkwfe ij nks nks ifjokj jg jgs gksa ,dgh fu;e ugha ykxw fd, tk ldrsA ;fnljdkj dks yxrk gS fd ,d ifjokj ds fy,25 oxZ ehVj dk IykV lsgr;kch ds lkFkxqtj clj djus ds fy, ç;kZIr gS rks mlseè;e oxhZ; bykd?ksa esa NksVs Hkw•aMksa ij futhLdwyksa dks ekU;rk nsuh gksxh D;ksafd ljdkjhLdwy vPNh f'k{kk dk Lrj cuk ikus esaukdke jgs gSaA**

lks'ky odZl ,lksfl,'ku vkSj vkj lhtSu nksuksa gh vkjVhbZ vf/fu;e ds ,d vkSj•aM dh vksj b'kkjk dj jgs gSa ftlds xaHkhjifj.kke lkeus vk, gSaA ;g vfuok;Z gS fdd{kk vkB rd fdlh Hkh Nk=k dks iQsy ughafd;k tk,xkA blds iQyLo:i cgqr ls Nk=k,sls gSa tks igyh ;k nwljh d{kk esa i<+us dsyk,d ugha gSa ysfdu cM+h d{kkvksa esa i<+ jgsgSaA ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa cgqr lh ,slh ?kVuk,alkeus vkbZ gSa fd iwjs o"kZ d{kk esa gkft?j ugksus ds ckotwn Nk=kksa dks vxyh d{kk esaigqapk fn;k x;kA bu Ldwyksa ds vf/drjVhpjksa dk ekuuk gS fd i<+kus ;k u i<+kus lsdksbZ •kl varj ugha iSnk gksrk D;ksafd Nk=kdks rks fdlh Hkh gky esa vxyh d{kk esa tkukgSA ;fn Vhpj tjk lh Hkh l[rh djs rks mldsf•ykiQ f'kdk;r ntZ djkbZ tk ldrh gSA,sls esa f'k{kd ;g csgrj ekurs gSa fd viuhxnZu cpkbZ tk, vkSj dsoy •kukiwrhZ djhtkrh jgsA ,slh f'k{kk ls D;k csgrj ;g ughagS fd ftl çdkj yksu esys yxk, tkrs gSa oSlsnloha vkSj ckjgoha ds ljVhiQhdsV ds esysyxk, tk,a vkSj iwjk Hkkjr lk{kj gks tk,\

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vkt vkacsMdj cgqr lkjs eqíksa ijçklafxd vkSj ,dne O;ogkfjd varnZf"V nsx, gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls 'kks"k.k] neu] jktuhfrd;k lkekftd cfg"dkj ds dkj.k D;k gSavkSj budk lE;d bykt dSls &laHko gSbl fo"k; ij foospuk djrs gq, os vusdvFkks± esa ekDlZ vkSj xka/h ls vkxs fudytkrs gS-

ekDlZ ,d gh vk;ke&vkfFkZdxqykeh@fo"kerk & dks lc la?k"kkZs dh tM+crkrs gSa vkSj lekt ds lkewfgd euksfoKkuds tud Lo#i /eZ dks ,d xUnh pht ds:i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA ;g ,d vFkZ esadqN mi;ksxh gksrs gq, Hkh varr% ;s cgqr•rjukd ckr gS] ftlds •rjs fiNyh'krkCnh esa fl¼ gks pqds gSaA xka/h 'kks"k.k dks,d vyx n`f"V ls ns•rs gq, mls o.kZO;oLFkk dh •ksy esa j•dj le>krs gSaA blvFkZ esa xka/h vkSj vkacsMdj ds fopkj dqNfeyrs gSaA nksuksa o.kZ O;oLFkk ds iru vkSjdk;Z foHkktu ds tUe ls tqM+ tkus esa blleL;k dk tUe ns•rs gSaA

ysfdu bl fcanq ij vkdj vkacsMdj,d vkSj Nykax ysrs gSa vkSj bl 'kks"k.k dksos nks /eks± ds la?k"kZ dh i`"BHkweh esa j•djfn•krs gSaA xka/h tgka fgUnw /eZ dh vkrafjdçfØ;kvksa dks bl iru ds fy, ftEesnkjcrkrs gSa] ogha vkacsMdj ckS¼ /eZ ds Þoklds dky dks Hkh blds fy, ftEesnkj crkrsgSaA xka/h bl neu dk bykt lo.kks± ds ßn;ifjorZu vkSj jkejkT; esa ns•rs gSa tks iqu%o.kZ O;oLFkk dks ,d lw{e vFkZ esa tkjhj•us dh ckr gS] (gkykfd ;s ekuuk Hkhew•Zrk gS fd djksM+ksa lo.kks± dk ßn; ifjorZugksdj ,d jkejkT; vk tk,xk)

ekDlZ ,d vkfFkZd cjkcjh esa lek/kuns•rs gSaA fgald ØkfUr dk >aMk mBkrs gSavkSj /eZ dks iwjh rjg vLohdkj djrs gSaAblds myV vkEcsMdj us Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ esa

fo'ks"kdj nfyr tkfr;ksa ds 'kks"k.k dk tksdkj.k vkSj mik; crk;k gS oks ,dek=kvkfFkZd HksnHkko vkSj o.kZ O;oLFkk ds iruls vkxs fudy tkrk gSA Hkkjr tks ,d /eZçk.k laLÑfr gS] mlds foospu ds fy, /eZ dks ,dne ls gh viQhe lkfcr dj nsukuk rks laHko gS vkSj uk mfpr gh gSA Hkkjresa tks Js"B ckrsa iSnk gqbZ gSa oks /eZ ls gqbZgSa vkSj tks fuÑ"V ckrs gSa muesa Hkh /eZ dghauk dgh 'kkfey gSA

vkacsMdj dh çLrkoukvks esa tks byktgS oks /eZ dks mldh lkFkZdrk esa Lohdkjdjrk gS vkSj ckS¼ /eZ ds :i esa ,d vf/d lekos'kh vkSj U;k;iw.kZ fodYi ysdjvkrk gSA ;gk¡ vkacsMdj dh n`f"V cgqrO;kogkfjd gSA euq"; /eZ vkSj ijEijkvksads fcuk ugha jg ldrk ;g ,d xgjh ckrgSA •qn ekDlZokn ,d rjg ds /eZ dh'kDy esa iQSyk;k x;k gSA vHkh bfrgkldkjjkepaæ xqgk ds vkfVZdy ls "ekvks" ls tqM+hpeRdkjh dFkk,a çdk'k esa vkbZ gSaA

vkacsMdj vkSj ekDlZokn esa rqyuk djrsle; ;s gesa ;g è;ku esa j•uk pkfg, fdbu nksuksa us tks Hkfo"; dk uD'kk fn;k gS oks,d nqljs ls cgqr fHkUu gSA gkyk¡fd nksuksa

Hkfo"; dh dYiuk ds fy, lcls igysbfrgkl dh O;k[;k djrs gSa] vkSj bfrgkldks ns•us dh mudh n`f"V Hkh fHkUu gSA'kks"k.k vkSj neu nksuksa ns•rs gSa ysfdumlds dkj.kksa ij nksuksa ds er fHkUu gSA

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tgka ekDlZ ijEijk vkSj /eZ dks 'kks"k.kdk vkStkj ek=k crkrs gSa ogha vkacsMdj /eZ ds fo/k;d nku ds çfr cgqr ltx gSa]muds ^cq¼k ,aM fgt /Eek* ls ;s irkpyrk gS dh fdruh xgjkbZ ls oks /eZ vkSj/eZ ds euksfoKku dks le>rs gSaA vkacsMdjds fy, /eZ ;qÙkQ vkSj Hksn eqÙkQ lekt y{;gS] tcfd ekDlZ dh çLrkouk gS fd HksneqÙkQ lekt dks vfuok;Z :i ls /eZ lsHkh eqÙkQ gksuk gksxkA ;gha ij bu nksuksa esaHksn gSA

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vkacsMdjokn vkSj ekDlZokn dk vUrfoZjks/ fcydqy nfyrokn vkSjczkã.kokn ds vUrfoZjks/ tSlk gh gSA ekDlZ oSf'od vFkks± esa ,d ',yhV'cuk fn, x, gSaA xka/h jk"Vªh; vFkZ esa ,yhV gSa vkSj ,d "kM+;a=k ds rgrvkacsMdj vkt Hkh bl ,yhV Dyc ls ckgj j•s tkrs jgs gSa&&&&� �

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ekDlZ dk vkHkkeaMy fdruk Hkh cM+kgks mudk Hkkjr dh leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa tksfo'ys"k.k gS oks v/wjk gSA ekDlZ ds ijorhZfopkjdksa us Hkh Hkkjr ds bfrgkl ds lkFkvU;k; fd;k gSA ,d Hkfo"; dh dYiukigys dj yh vkSj fiQj 'csd&çkstsD'ku'okyh 'kSyh esa bfrgkl dh O;k[;k djMkyhA tcfd vkacsMdj cgqr O;ogkfjdrjhds ls /eZ&ijEijk&tkrh&o.kZ vkfn dkfo'ys"k.k djrs gSaA blfy, mudh çLrkouk,aT;knk çklafxd gSaA blh lUnHkZ esa dghayksfg;k us dgha dgk Fkk Hkkjr esa oxZ la?k"kZdh ugha o.kZ la?k"kZ dh t:jr gSA ;gk¡yksfg;k Hkh vkacsMdj dh Hkk"kk cksy jgs gSA

gkykafd vkacsMdj Lo;a ekDlZ dk cgqrlEeku djrs Fks vkSj ,d gn rd tkdjmUgksaus Hkh dg Mkyk Fkk dh ekDlZokn lsdqN phtsa (tSls fgalk vkSj loZgkjk opZLo)fudky yh tk, rks cqf¼t~e 'ks"k cpsxkAvc blls cM+h ç'kalk vkSj D;k gks ldrhgS\--- ysfdu nqHkkZX; ;s gS fd nfyrksa dselhgk dks fopkjdksa ds txr esa nfyr cukfn;k x;k gSA vkacsMdjokn vkSj ekDlZokndk vUrfoZjks/ fcydqy nfyrokn vkSjczkã.kokn ds vUrfoZjks/ tSlk gh gSA ekDlZoSf'od vFkks± esa ,d ',yhV' cuk fn, x,gSaA xka/h jk"Vªh; vFkZ esa ,yhV gS vkSj ,d"kM;a=k ds rgr vEcsMdj vkt Hkh bl,yhV Dyc ls ckgj j•s tkrs jgs gSaA mEehngS Hkfo"; esa dHkh ;s jk"Vª mudks ;FkksfprlEeku ns ik;sxk-

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Ldhe ds rgr if=kdk dk lnL; cuuk pkgrk gawA Ñi;k esjsfuEufyf[kr irs ij if=kdk@v[kokj Hkstus dh Ñik djasA

lnL;rk Ldhe

eSa ^csèkM+d U;wt* ekfld if=kdk@lkIrkfgd v[kokj dk

uke----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irk-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eksckbZy uEcj---------------------------------------fiu---------------------------

,d o"kZ % 250 ��vkthou % 2000 �� ikap o"kZ % 1000 ��

n`f"Vdks.k

cs/M+d U;wt

] twu ] 2013

��

mRrj iwohZ fnYyhA xksdyiqj fo/ku lHkkdss varxZr lkaofy;k ckS¼ fogkj] vEcsMdj/eZ'kkyk] Vw.Mk uxj] tkSgjh iqj esa lerklSfud ny ds rRoko/ku esa dSfj;j xkbMsalf'kfoj ,oa izfrHkk lEeku lekjksg dk vk;kstufd;k x;kA

bl dk;ZØe esa LFkkuh; fo/k;d pkS0lqjsUæ dqekj ds vykok xq:pj.k flag jk"Vªh;vè;{k lerk lSfud ny] egklfpo lerklSfud ny] ,u-ih-fu'kkUr] iwoZ vè;{k lerklSfud ny] ,McksdsV jktsUæ flag xkSre]dqynhi flag jkt] :i pUn xkSre] lh-,l-Hk.Mkjh(iz/kuk;Z) lquhrk ,u dqekj] ,e-ih-flag nkaxh] iwoZ mi f'k{kk funs'kd vkfn dhxfjeke;h mifLFkfr esa bl dk;ZØe ds eq[;vfrfFk xksdy iqj fo/ku lHkk {ks=k ds fo/k;d pkS0 lqjsUnz dqekj th ds dj deyksa ds}kjk 10oha] 11oha o 12oha ds yxHkx 150Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa ftUgksaus ijh{kk esa 60 izfr'kr lsvf/d vad izkIr fd, gSa] mUgsa izsjd iqLrdsa]iz'kfLri=k ,oa Lefr fpÞu HksaV dj o lfVZfiQdsVnsdj lEekfur fd;k x;kA

75 izfr'kr ls vf/d izkIr vadfo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izFke iq:"dkj] (65&75) izfr'krls vf/d izkIr vad fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks f}rh;iq:"dkj] (55&65) izfr'kr ls vf/d izkIr

dSfj;j xkbMsal f'kfoj ,oa izfrHkk lEeku lekjksg dk vk;kstu

vad fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks r`rh; iq:"dkj fn;s x;sAlcls igys vkbZ-,-,l- MkWDVj] bathfu;j]fotusl eSu] i=kdkj] vè;kid] ,MoksdsV]f'k{kkfon] pkVsZM ,dkmaVsaM] vkfn us bl dk;ZØeesa vk;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dSfj;j xkbMsal fn;kAlHkh us vius&vius vuqHko ls crk;k fd dSlsvius csgrj dSfj;j ds fy, dkslZ pqusaA bulHkh us vius :fp ds vuqlkj jkstxkj f'k{kkijd dkslZ djus dh ckr dghA

bl volj ij fo/k;d pkS0 lqjsUædqekj us dgk fd ckck lkgsc us dgk Fkk fdf'kf{kr cuks] laxfBr jgks ,oa la?k"kZ djksAvkt lerk lSfud ny ds }kjk tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa

dks lEeku fd;k tk jgk gSA cgqr gh ljkguh;dne gSA eS lHkh ;gka vk;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa lsfuosnu djuk pkgrk gwa fd os esgur ls i<kbZdjds ns'k ds loksZPp inks ij vklhu gksrkfd gekjs nfyr lekt dk m¼kj gks ldsAeSa mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls dguk pkgrk gwa ftuds60 izfr'kr vad ls de vad vk;s gS] osek;wl u gksaA ,sls yksx lkekftd {ks=k ,oajktuSsfrd {ks=k esa viuk dSfj;j cuk ldrs gSaA

lerk lSfud ny ds iz/ku egklfpoHkxoku nkl lqtkr ,oa jk"Vªh; lfpo] deyflag ckS¼ us bl dk;ZØe dks la;qDr iz;klksals liQy cuk;kA

LFkkuh; laoknkrkAiwohZ fnYyhA xksdyiqj fo/ku lHkk ds

vUrxZr xksdyiqj fuxe okMZ la[;k&262 lsclik fuxe ik"kZn pkS/jh cyjkt us crkSjpS;j eSu] m|ku foHkkx] iwohZ fnYyh uxjfuxe dh 'kiFk yhA pkS/jh cyjkt dks m"kk'kkL=kh] iwoZ es;j] iwohZ fnYyh uxj fuxe usin vkSj xksiuh;rk dh 'kiFk fnykbZA

bl ekSds ij ,e,y rksej] clikizHkkjh] fnYyh] vetn Vkad] Mk;jsDVj]m|ku foHkkx] iwohZ fnYyh uxj fuxe] deycsuhoky (fuxe ik"kZn)] fiz;adk xkSre(fuxe ik"kZn)] pkS-ohjsUæ flag] thr flaag]jkds'k tkVo] ghjk yky] Mky pUn] jke

��"*��!��5��%�� %�6��%��"��"�7flag Bsdsnkj] egd panigyoku]VhVw] ';keyky]dkyw gyokbZ] pquequ;kno] jes'k] ia- izsedkSf'kd ds vykok vU;x.kekU; ekStwn FksA lclsigys ,e,y rksej]clik izHkkjh] fnYyh]jkeukjk;.k nqcs] es;j]iwohZ fnYyh uxj fuxe]egd flag iwoZ vè;{k]LFkk;h flfefr] iwohZ fnYyh uxj fuxe] m"kk'kkL=kh] iwoZ es;j] iwohZ fnYyh uxj fuxe] uspkS- cyjkt dks cqDdk nsdj ,oa feBkbZ

f[kykdj c/kbZ nhA buds vykok mifLFkrlHkh x.kekU; yksxksa us uo fu;qDr pkS-cyjkt dks iQwy ekyk iguk dj c/kbZ nhA

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cs/M+d U;wt

] twu

] 20

13

mRrj iwohZ fnYYkhA fo/ku lHkk {ks=kxksdy iqj ds vUrxZr fo/k;d pkS- lqjsUædqekj ,oa clik fnYyh izns'k izHkkjh ekU;oj,e-,y- rksej ds dj deyksa ls lcksyh esa 55yk[k :i;s dh ykxr ls iky lekt pkSikyds fuekZ.k dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;kA bl voljij ,d mn~?kkVu lekjksg lHkk dk vk;kstuHkh fd;k x;k ftlesa clik ds lSadM+ks adk;Zdrkvksa ds vykok {ks=k ds lSdMksa dhla[;k esa LFkkuh; yksx ekStwn FksA dkWyksuhokfl;ksa us Hkh vius fo/k;d pkS- lqjsUæ dqekj,oa clik fnYyh izns'k izHkkjh ekU;oj ,e-,y- rksej th dk Lokxr iQwy ekykvksa ,oaxeZ tks'kh ds lkFk fd;kA bl dk;Z dk fuekZ.kflapkbZ ,oa ck<+ fu;a=k.k foHkkx }kjk fd;ktk,xkA

clik fnYyh izns'k izHkkjh ekU;oj ,e-,y- rksej us vius lacks/u esa dgk fd tcfdlh lekt ds usr`Ro esa ljdkj lRrk esavkrh gS rks ml lekt dk /eZ Hkh fnu nwuhjkr pkSxuh xfr ls c<rk gSA vkius ns[kk gksxkfd mRrj izns'k esa tc clik dh iw.kZ cgqerdh ljdkj lRrk esa vkbZ rks lewpk mRrjizns'k ckS¼e; gks x;kA clik dh lksp fdMkW-vEcsMdj dk liuk ¶Hkkjr ckS¼e; gks¸rHkh iwjk gks ldrk gS tc Hkkjr esa cgu

lcksyh esa iky lekt pkSiky dk mn~?kkVudqekjh ek;korhHkkjr dheq[;ea=kh cusxhaAekU;oj lkgscdka'khjke us MkW-vEcsMdj dsliuksa dk Hkkjrcukus gsrq MkW-vEcsMdj dsfe'ku ewoesaV dksvkxs c<krs gq,clik dk xBugqvkA

vkt bl fe'ku dks iwjk djus gsrq cgudqekjh ek;korh th iwjh rUe;rk ds lkFkyxha gq;ha gSaA ge lHkh dks cgu th ds gkFkksadks etcwr djuk gksxkA fnYyh esa fo/ku lHkkdk fcxqy ct pqdk gS vxj clik dhljdkj fdlh :i esa lRrk esa vkrh gS rksfnYyh esa cgqtuksa dks cjkcj dk gd feysxkA

fo/k;d pkS- lqjsUæ dqekj us dgk fdeSus vc rd vius vFkd iz;klksa ls {ks=k esayxHkx 230 djksM :i;s {ks=k fodkl dk;ksZaesa yxk;as gS ,oa vc rd yxHkx 12]500fodykax] c`¼koLFkk ,oa fo/ok isa'ku nh tkpqdh gSA

mUgksaus dgk fd eq>s bl {ks=k esalEkL;k;as fojklr esa feyha gSaA iwoZ fo/k;dksaus bl {ks=k ds fodkl ds fy, T;knk xEHkhjiz;kl ugha fd;sA bl fy, vc rd eSus vius{ks=kckfl;ksa dh ewyHkwr leL;kvksa dks è;ku esaj[krs gq, dk;Z fd;k gSA vc eS viuh turkls vuqjks/ djrk gwa fd eaS vc iwjh rjg lsdk;Z dq'ky] vuqHkoh ,oa ifjiDo gks pqdkgwwaA ;fn turk eq>s ,d okj vkSj ekSdk nsrhgS rks eS ckck lkgsc ds crk;s ekxZ ij pyrsgq, ,oa cgu dq0 ek;korh ls izsj.kk ysrs gq,{ks=k dk dk;kdYi dj nwaxkA

gseUr dqekj ckS¼vkt fnukad 25 ebZ] 2013 rnuqlkj fnu

'kfuokj izkr% 10-00 cts ls if'pe iqjh fLFkr^^lerk cq¼fogkj** esa cq¼t;Urh egksRlodk dk;ZØe ^^fo'o d:.kk fnol** ds :iesa cgqr /we&/ke vkSj g"kksZYykl ds lkFkeuk;k x;kA

izfl¼ f'k{kk 'kkL=kh dh vè;{krk esavusd x.kekU; fo}kuksa us vius /EexfHkZrfopkj O;Dr fd,] ftlesa eq[; vfrfFk diwjflag vkSj izks- MkW- Hk.Mkjs (j -n -u-) us viusfopkj O;Dr fd,A

blh volj ij gseUr dqekj ckS¼ eq[;xk;d ,oa fuekZrk funsZ'kd ds usr`Ro esa ,dlkaLÑfrd ckS¼ dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;kx;kA bl jaxkjax dk;ZØe esa ^feydj djsaoanuk lE;d lEcq¼ dh* uked vksfM;ks

E;qftd ,yce (l/Ee E;qftd ,aVjVsuesaV)dk foekspu lerk cq¼ fogkj ds vè;{kvkj- ih- jk"Vªiky th] mikè;{k ek- xkso/Zunkl th] ek- vkpk;Z tqxy fd'kksj ckS¼ th]'khy fiz; ckS¼ th] Jh ykyth] xk;=kh Je.k*lEiknd ^eS=kh VkbEl*] laxhrdkj MkW- lrks"kdq- d';i] eq[; xkf;dk cq¼fe=kk] eq[;xk;d gseUr dqekj ckS¼] (lgxk;d) iqfurdksgyh] nhid xgykor] 'kqHke vk;Z (flrkjoknd)] ,oa vU; yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa blvfre/qj ,oa laxhre; ,yce dk foekspufd;k x;kA

bl ,yce ds xhrdkj ckS¼ txr dsizfl¼ fo}ku vkpk;Z tqxyfd'kksj ckS¼ thgSaA dk;ZØe esa Hkkjh la[;k esa mifLFkr Jksrkvksa}kjk lHkh xhrksa dh [kwc ljkguk dh xbZ ,oabl lqje;h laxhr dk;ZØe dk Hkjiwj vkuan

mBk;kA vkacsMdjh vkanksyu ds bfrgkl esafdlh E;qftd ,yce ij igyh ckj brus Jefd;k x;k gSA laxhrdkj ls ysdj xk;d rdlHkh laxhr dh mPp f'k{kk izkIr gSa rFkkHkkjrh; 'kkL=kh; laxhr esa egkjFk gkfly gSaA?kj ds ekgkSy dks cq¼e; cukus ds fy,lqcg&'kke ?kj esa bldk Jo.k djsaA bl,yce dh dher :- 45^@& ek=kk gSA

bPN qd /Eec a/ q 9999151331 ]9013200003 ij laidZ djds ?kj cSBs izkIrdjsaA

cq¼ iwf.kZek ds volj ij laxhre; ,yce dk foekspu

?kVuk pØ

pkS- lqjsUæ dqekjpkS- lqjsUæ dqekjclik foèkk;d

xksdyiqj fo/kkulHkk {ks=

,oa miusrk foèkk;d ny

clik fnYyh foèkku lHkk

clik foèkk;d

xksdyiqj fo/kkulHkk {ks=

,oa miusrk foèkk;d ny

clik fnYyh foèkku lHkk

lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa dks

lar dchj nkl t;arh dh

gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,a!

lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa dks

lar dchj nkl t;arh dh


tkVo lekt lqèkkj lfefr (iath-)

'kkgnjk jSftMsaVl oSyQs;j ,lksfl,'ku (iath-)nh tkVo dks&vkWijsfVo xqzi gkmflax lkslk;Vh (fy-)

nh tkVo dks&vkWijsfVo(vcZu)Vh-,.M-lh-lkslk;Vh(fy-)fo'kky T;ksfr lgdkjh vkokl lfefr fy- (xkft;kckn)

tkVo lekt lqèkkj lfefr (iath-) xzhu ohul ifCyd Ldwy(ekU;rk izkIr)

egkcq¼k LVwMsaV ,tqds'kuy VsEiy (iath-) nh tkVo daT;wej dks&vkWijsfVo LVksj (fy-) uo T;ksfr tufgr fodkl ,lksfl,'ku (jft-)

'kkgnjk jSftMsaVl oSyQs;j ,lksfl,'ku (iath-)nh tkVo dks&vkWijsfVo xqzi gkmflax lkslk;Vh (fy-)

nh tkVo dks&vkWijsfVo(vcZu)Vh-,.M-lh-lkslk;Vh(fy-)fo'kky T;ksfr lgdkjh vkokl lfefr fy- (xkft;kckn)

Lkekftd Økaafr ds vxznwr egkiq:"kksa ls izsfjr gksdj lkekftd dk;ksZa esa lnSo rRij

irk%& Hkxoku cq¼k jksM ,DlVsa'ku tkSgjhiqj

fnYyh&110094] Qksu ua- 011&22816181

irk%& Hkxoku cq¼k jksM ,DlVsa'ku tkSgjhiqj

fnYyh&110094] Qksu ua- 011&22816181

jked`".k dSu ^nhid*jked`".k dSu ^nhid*iwoZ vfr-vk;qDr fn-u-fu-iwoZ vfr-vk;qDr fn-u-fu-

LakLFkkid ,oa ps;jeSuLakLFkkid ,oa ps;jeSu

py daVdksa ij tks eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djs] ogh balku gksrk gSdj ifjJe tks vkSjksa dh eqf'dysa gy djs] ogh Hkxoku gksrk gSpy daVdksa ij tks eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djs] ogh balku gksrk gSdj ifjJe tks vkSjksa dh eqf'dysa gy djs] ogh Hkxoku gksrk gS

cu ^nhid* lk tks xSjksa dks jks'kudjs] tx esa uke mlh dk gksrk gS

lHkh ns'kokl;ksa dks lar dchj nkl t;arh dh gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,a!

lHkh ns'kokl;ksa dks lar dchj nkl dh gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,a!t;arh

pkS-cyjktclik fuxe ik"clik fuxe ik"kZn xksdyiqj ckMZ xksdyiqj ckMZ ,oa pS;jeSu] m|ku foHkpS;jeSu] m|ku foHkkx]iwohZ fnYyh] uxj fuxeiwohZ fnYyh] uxj fuxe

lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa

dks

lar dchj nkl

t;arh dh


lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa

dks

lar dchj nkl

t;arh dh


izks0-ujs'k fclkabZ;k izks0-ujs'k fclkabZ;k

fclkabZ;k cSfYMax ,oa LVhy oDlZ fclkabZ;k cSfYMax ,oa LVhy oDlZ Lis'kfyLV bu&LVhy oDlZ Lis'kfyLV bu&LVhy oDlZ

gekjs ;gka xsV] fxzy] pSuy] 'kVj]jSfyax] LVhy foUMks]lSD'ku foUMks vkfn dk dke r'kYyh c['k fd;k tkrk gSA gekjs ;gka xsV] fxzy] pSuy] 'kVj]jSfyax] LVhy foUMks]

lSD'ku foUMks vkfn dk dke r'kYyh c['k fd;k tkrk gSA

nqdku%& B-4/280, uUnuxjh] fnYyh&110093nqdku%& B-4/280, uUnuxjh] fnYyh&110093czkap%& C-171/1541, ekuljksoj ikdZ] fu;j ekek tujy LVksj] 'kkgnjk] fnYyh&32czkap%& C-171/1541, ekuljksoj ikdZ] fu;j ekek tujy LVksj] 'kkgnjk] fnYyh&32

eks0&9818048183 eks0&9818048183

ekU;oj dka'khjke th vej jgsa! t; Hkkjr!t; Hkkjr!ckck lkgc MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj vej jgsa!ckck lkgc MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj vej jgsa!t; Hkhe!t; Hkhe!

egkRek T;ksfrok iQqys N=kifr 'kkgwth egkjkt Jh ukjk;.kk xq: MkW-Hkhe jko vEcsMdj ekU;oj dka'khjke th

lekt ds nfyrksa] 'kksf"krksa] ihf<+rksa] vlgk;ksa ,oa xjhcksa ds mRFkku dh iz.ksrklekt ds nfyrksa] 'kksf"krksa] ihf<+rksa] vlgk;ksa ,oa xjhcksa ds mRFkku dh iz.ksrk

cgu dq0 ek;korh thcgu dq0 ek;korh th ,oa cgqtu lekt ikVhZ fnYyh izns'k }kjk ,oa cgqtu lekt ikVhZ fnYyh izns'k }kjk

dks lhekiqjh fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh dk la;kstd euksuhr djus ij dks lhekiqjh fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh dk la;kstd euksuhr djus ij

larks"k dqekj tkVo larks"k dqekj tkVo vkHkkj lfgr gkfnZd /kU;okn ! vkHkkj lfgr gkfnZd /kU;okn !

jk"Vªh; vè;{kk ,oa ekuuh;k iwoZ eq[;ea=kh] mÙkj izns'kjk"Vªh; vè;{kk ,oa ekuuh;k iwoZ eq[;ea=kh] mÙkj izns'k ekU;oj ,e-,y-rksejekU;oj ,e-,y-rksej,e-,y-lh-m-iz- ,oa izHkkjh fnYyh,e-,y-lh-m-iz- ,oa izHkkjh fnYyh

larks"k dqekj TkkVolarks"k dqekj TkkVola;kstd%& lhekiqjh fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh

la;kstd%& lhekiqjh fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh

fuosnd& lhekiqjh foèkku lHkk {ks= clik ;wfuV!fuosnd& lhekiqjh foèkku lHkk {ks= clik ;wfuV!

ekU;oj dka'khjke th vej jgsa! t; Hkkjr!t; Hkkjr!ckck lkgc MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj vej jgsa!ckck lkgc MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj vej jgsa!t; Hkhe!t; Hkhe!

egkRek T;ksfrok iQqys N=kifr 'kkgwth egkjkt Jh ukjk;.kk xq: MkW-Hkhe jko vEcsMdj ekU;oj dka'khjke th

lekt ds nfyrksa] 'kksf"krksa] ihf<+rksa] vlgk;ksa ,oa xjhcksa ds mRFkku dh iz.ksrklekt ds nfyrksa] 'kksf"krksa] ihf<+rksa] vlgk;ksa ,oa xjhcksa ds mRFkku dh iz.ksrk

cgu dq0 ek;korh thcgu dq0 ek;korh th

,oa cgqtu lekt ikVhZ fnYyh izns'k }kjk

dks 'kkgnjk fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh dk la;kstd@ izR;k'kh euksuhr djus ij

Hkhe flag th vkHkkj lfgr gkfnZd /kU;okn !

jk"Vªh; vè;{kk ,oa ekuuh;k iwoZ eq[;ea=kh] mÙkj izns'kjk"Vªh; vè;{kk ,oa ekuuh;k iwoZ eq[;ea=kh] mÙkj izns'k

jk"Vªh; vè;{kk ,oa iwoZ eq[;ea=h] mÙkj izns'kcgu dqekjh ek;korh th cgu dqekjh ek;korh th

dddd

'kk ªh; v ;{kk ,o iioo eeqq ;;ee=h] k in'k ªh; v ;{kk ,o iiwwwoo eeqqqq ;;ee=h] k in'k

ekU;oj ,e-,y-rksejekU;oj ,e-,y-rksej,e-,y-lh-m-iz- ,oa izHkkjh fnYyh,e-,y-lh-m-iz- ,oa izHkkjh fnYyh

Hkhe flag th (iwoZ iz/kkukpk;Z)Hkhe flag th (iwoZ iz/kkukpk;Z)izR;k'kh] 'kkgnjk] fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh

izR;k'kh] 'kkgnjk] fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fnYyh

fuosnd& 'kkgnjk foèkku lHkk {ks= lEiw.kZ clik ;wfuV!fuosnd& 'kkgnjk foèkku lHkk {ks= lEiw.kZ clik ;wfuV!

pquko fpUg pquko fpUg

My issue june 2013

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