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Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

Embedded World Session 26

My Car Won’t Connect to the Internet

ID 300

Andrew PattersonBusiness Development DirectorMentor Graphics Ltd

History of Connectivity

1876FirstTelephone

1910FirstTelephone inCar

1946First mobile Telephone service Chicago

1973First mobile Car phoneMotorola

20126 Billion Mobile Phones87% of world population1.3bn in China

Technology Evolution

Hi-Fi Stereo8-Track Tapes

Circa 1970

Bring in the New, Exit the Old

2012 : Paired Device 2013 : Connected Car‘10s : We are in a decade of

ExtraordinaryAutomotive Technology Evolution

We are all involved in one of the largest technological collaborations of all time 2020 : Self-Drive Cars

Automotive : Non-Stop Connectivity

Experience Roaming

Cloud

Hands-Free Call

Continue Movie

GPS Walk to Destination

The Most Connected Cars

■ Top most connected cars (July 2012)

#1 Ford Fiesta Sync ApplinkPandora Internet RadioApps, News

#2 Audi A6Internet ConnectionGoogle Search, Google EarthDedicated Data ConnectionLocal Hot Spot

#3 BMW Connected DriveSome iPhone apps available on dashboardGoogle via Telematics ServiceDedicated COnnection

#4 Lexus EnformLinks to compatible SmartphoneEmbedded Cellular and GPS

Source : Telematics Update Dec 2012

3G/4G Connectivity – How ?

6

Make use of existing phone Need dedicated data plan

Familiar apps Built-in Infotainment apps

Phone contact list V2X, V2V communication

Includes navigation, maps Lasts for vehicle lifetime

Entertainment, song list Hot-spot / Telematic hub

Smart Phone Link Integrated Cellular Electronics

Consumer Electronics Influence …

■ The SmartPhone Revolution■ 3 out of 4 Smart Phones sold are Android■ Apple & Samsung account for 83% of

market■ Platform Refresh every 6 months

■ The Car is becoming a Consumer Electronic Product

■ Lifecycles— Consumer Electronics : 6 months— Automotive : 10 years?

In-Vehicle Android

Options• Native

• Android operating system on “bare metal”

• Parallel Domain• Android running as a parallel

operating system

• Virtual Domain, Container

• Tethered• Linked in via mobile phone

Arguments For Android

Acceptance in Consumer Electronics 850,000 new devices daily Over 700,000 Apps (Oct 2012) 6 billion total downloads

Car features Android “Car Mode” routes all audio to speaker Hands-Free support

Other selling points Familiar UI for users Development kits & community Automotive apps peripheral support

Car Internet Connectivity Growth

Data Source : Courtesy iSuppli Aug 2011

How to Pay?

In a recent survey by Telematics Update :

19.7% Monthly Contract

14.6% Annual Contract

33.9% Cost of the connected car should be included vehicle as standard.

22.6% Pay-per-use model

9.2% Industry experts believe in single payment charging model

Source: Telematics Update, December 2012, data pool 231

System Cost Options

Brand Product Cost

BMW Phone Cradle, iDrive $250 - $2400

Mercedes Benz Mbrace, EU Command Line $660 - $3000

Toyota Ntune $1000

Ford Sync, MyTouch $395 - $1000

• Costs are falling

• Connectivity becoming a “must have”

• Embedded Systems hold the solution

Data Source : Telematics Update Dec 2012

Driving the Requirement..

• eCall – required in all new cars from 2015

• Tethered Mobile solutions not acceptable

Under the eCall legislation that has already been approved by EU member nations, all new cars would have an embedded mobile communications device that automatically places a call in the case of a serious accident. The call can also be made manually from inside the car.

Drivers and Passengers

Driver• Navigation• Radio / Media Player• Real-time Information• Hands-free Phone• Telematics

Passengers• Social Media• DVD• Internet Services• Android Apps

Courtesy : Volvo Car

Enabled Solutions via Connectivity

Collision Notification (eCall) Insurance Tracking and Billing Stolen Vehicle In-car services, concierge, streaming Eco-driving services Real-time Cloud data : Traffic, Weather, Road ahead Car-Car communication Driverless car Diagnostics and servicing

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says Connecting our Cars could address as many as 4.3 million crashes, or about 80 percent of accidents that don’t involve intoxicated drivers.

mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.

Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

Technology Choices

Connectivity Options 3G / 4G LTE

Globally Available / Coverage Good performance

WiFi Dependent on local hot spots Use driver/passenger mobile device

Bluetooth Range limitations : Class 1: 20-30m Bandwidth limitations / audio only

Road Infrastructure Traffic information gantries as

transmitters Highways only

Full Infotainment Platform

LTE enabled SoC

ME ATP Linux

GENIVICompliant

Stack

Tier 1 / OEM

CustomApps

Linux Container

AndroidHTML 5 Browser

AndroidHTML 5 Apps

AutomotiveApps

Compliance & Ecosystem

Recipes

MulticoreSupport

Ultra HighQuality

Mobile ConsumerExperience

Double Security

Resource Control

OEM Branding

Layer Management

Display DisplayGraphics Optimization

LTE 4G Stack

GPUHardened BSP (LTE, CPU, GPU)

MIMO Antenna

Renesas MP 6530 IVI SoC Architecture

GM Announcement

Operating Systems

OS Features

Win CE widely EstablishedWireless Chipset support

Many open source variants / GENIVIFlexible platformLow License costsStrong development community

Widely accepted in Mobile Consumer Electronics focusopen source / SDK support

Highly tuned / good control over functions by OEM/Tier 1Costly to develop and maintainMaybe “closed”1st Generation widely established

Proprietary OSCommercial

Windows

Linux

Android

Tethered Smart Phone

“Thin Client” on IVI head unit

Approved Apps only Enable Internet

Connectivity Quick Android

Integration IVIStackEntertainment

Mobile Office

Networking

Navigation

Telephony

Cloud

Speech Engine

Audio

Car Connectivity Consortium

Standard “recipes” for Smart Phone tethering Universal Plug and Play (UPnP™) is used for controlled

access to applications Virtual Network Computing (VNC™) replicates the

phone's display on the navigation screen and communicate user inputs back to the phone.

80 members 70% market share in vehicles 60% market share in smart phones.

Built-in support on market Samsung Galaxy III, Nokia, …

Virtual Network Computing

VNC Server (Smart Phone ) Runs App Allows Client to take control

VNC Client Views the program Has control of Application on server

RFB Protocol The VNC protocol (RFB) is simple, based on one

graphic primitive from server to client ("Put a rectangle of pixel data at the specified X,Y

position") and event messages from client to server.

Security

Open Access is risky Apps may provide gateway for hacker /

attacks May compromise / interfere with

operation of other vehicle functions

WiFi in car / hotspots proposed around WPA2 Password-level protection

App Management Which Apps are authorized? Some Auto OEMs will set up App Stores

Renault R-Link Apps Store

Security continued

Allow Access? The Open Source OpenXC platform follows on from the Ford Developer Program to make the SYNC AppLink application programming interface (API) available for the creation of smartphone apps that can be controlled inside the car using your voice.

SandBox

Hardware Layer

IVIStack Entertainment

Mobile Office

Networking

Navigation

Multi-Core CPU GPU

Android OS

Android Apps

Mentor IVI Linux OS / LXC Resource Management

Graphics Layer Management

Overview of Linux Containers

• OS-level virtualization method• Used to run multiple isolated Linux systems

– Can be different distributions

• A single kernel is shared• The LXC project is hosted on SourceForge• Userspace control tools are provided for Linux containers• LXC has been integrated into Mentor Automotive Linux

solutions• Resource limiting: groups can be set to not exceed a set

memory limit• Prioritization: some groups may get a larger share of

CPU or disk I/O throughput• Accounting: to measure how much resources certain

systems use for e.g. billing purposes• Isolation: separate namespaces for groups, so they don't

see each other's processes, network connections or files• Control: freezing groups or checkpointing and restarting

OS kernel, drivers and libraries

Connectivity Recipes within GENIVI Platform

Audio Graphics Multimedia Speech• ALSA, Alsa Lib, Alsa

Utils• PulseAudio• AudioManager daemon• Echo Cancelation Engine• Noise Reduction Engine

• X.Org                  • Layer Management• Chromium / Webkit• Graphics Backend• Open GL-ES• Qt Core

• GStreamer• GStreamer Framework,

Base plugins• Tracker• Telephony Stack

• Festival• Pocketsphinx• Speech Engine

Connectivity

PackageManagement

Security System InfrastructureSystem Infrastructure• d-bus• SQlite• qt-core• fuse• Gettext• Indexing Eng.• MTP Library• Systemd• Automotive

DLT• Lib USB

• quota• udev• usb-utils• libmtp• File Server

Networking• dhcp• libcurl• nfs-utils• Ntp• HTTP Server

• Wireless Tools• Wpa-supplicant• ConnMan• BlueZ• Bluetooth Hands Free• Bluetooth Stack

External Access• HTTP Server• lighttpd• lighttpd-mod-webdav

• ecryptfs-utils• gnupg2• openssl

CE-deviceCE-device• CE Device Manager

• Opkg• Package Manager• Node Startup Controller

Linux Kernel GNU libc

Positioning• gypsy

Personal Information Management

• SyncEvolution

28

ARM Cortex Processors

Internet of cars is coming ..

Embedded Automotive designers are now

developing Consumer Products