MUTATIONS. Mutations Can be beneficial, harmful, neutral Primary source of genetic variation.
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Transcript of MUTATIONS. Mutations Can be beneficial, harmful, neutral Primary source of genetic variation.
![Page 1: MUTATIONS. Mutations Can be beneficial, harmful, neutral Primary source of genetic variation.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5697bfae1a28abf838c9c5de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MUTATIONS
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Mutations
• Can be beneficial, harmful, neutral• Primary source of genetic variation
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Environmental Causes of Mutations
• X-rays• UV rays• Chemicals
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DNA has repair mechanisms to minimize mutations
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Mutated Genes and their products
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Changes in Chromosome Structure
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Changes in Chromosome Number
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Karyotypes show changes in Chromosome #
Down syndrome is a learning disability where chromosome 21 is duplicated 3 times.
Cri Du Chat is a cat cry where chromosome 5 is not lined up
Klinefelter Syndrome is where sperm is barely produced and the chromosome is not lined up.
Turner syndrome is where the woman is not grown all the way, it is caused by a missing chromosome.
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Sickle Cell and Natural Selection
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Pedigree Autosomal Dominant
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PEDIGREES: Autosomal recessive
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PedigreeX linked Recessive
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X linked Dominant
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
• Achondroplasia• Huntington’s Disease• Hutchinson-Guilford progeria
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Autosomal Recessive
• Albinism• Tay-Sach’s Disease
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Genetic Screening
• Newborn screening• Pre-pregnancy• Pre-Natal• Pre-implantation