Must Do

Determine which of the body plane diagrams show: 1. Sagittal 2. Coronal3. TransverseBody Planes

A B C

Must Do

Compare and ContrastVentilation and Respiration

Respiration and Ventilation

Breathing air is tough

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Respiration and Ventilation

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The Respiratory System• Primary Function: obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide• Other functions: Filter air, produce sounds, sense of smell, regulation of

blood pH• Respiration: the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and

body cells• Movement of air into the lungs – Ventilation• Gas exchange between blood and air (external respiration)• Gas transport in blood (hemoglobin) • Gas exchange between the blood and body cells (internal respiration)

**Cellular Respiration – the process of oxygen use and CO2 production at the cellular level

Control of Breathing

• Breathing is an involuntary act, the muscles are under voluntary control (we can choose to hold our breath)• Respiratory Center – groups of neurons in the brain that control

inspiration and expiration

Factors Affecting Breathing

1. Rise in CO2 2. Low blood oxygen (chemical receptors sense changes)3. Inflation reflex – regulates the depth of breathing, prevents over

inflation of the lungs4. Emotional upset, fear and pain*hyperventilation – increase breathing for a short time lowers the blood CO2 concentration and will allow you to hold your breath for a longer period

Blood Oxygen Levels

Homeostasis – oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood pH

Inert gas asphyxiation In a notable accident in 1981, shortly before the launch of the first Space Shuttle mission, two technicians lost consciousness and one of them died after they entered the Orbiter aft compartment which was pressurized with pure nitrogen as a precaution against fire.

Gas Exchange and TransportGas Exchange• Alveoli – clusters or air sacs at the end of the bronchioles • Respiratory Membrane – layers of simple squamous cells and

capillaries • Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs by diffusionGas Transport• Oxygen combines with hemoglobin in the blood• Hypoxia – oxygen deficiency. Caused by inadequate blood flow,

poisons (cyanide and carbon monoxide)• Asphyxia – excess CO2 in the blood, lack of oxygen

ILLNESSES RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM1. Cystic Fibrosis (genetic)2. Asthma3. Bronchitis4. Apnea5. Emphysema6. Lung Cancer7. Altitude Sickness8. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)9. Sinusitis10. Bacterial or Viral Infections (cold, flu, pneumonia)

Lab

What is the Effect of Exercise on Ventillation Rate?

Objectives:Students will design a lab to investigate the topic aboveStudents will collect dataStudents will analyze dataStudents will evaluate data and draw conclusions

Hypothesis: If _(I change this)_then_(this will happen)_because______