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BENITO MUSSOLINI
GROUP MEMBERS :
Bhavyesh Ashar : 13014Bindi Shah : 13015Disha Bhojani : 13020 (Team Leader)Harsh Shah : 13028Jay Lolyiana : 13035Mansi Sraoi : 13041
MUSSOLINIFATHER OF FASCISM
•July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945
•Head of Italian government 1922 – 1943
•Grew up in an environment that was heavily socialist, republican, and nationalist.
•Leader of multiple political movements• 1914 – Autonomous Fascists • 1917 – Revolutionary Fascists • 1918 – Constituent Fascists • 1919 – Fighting Fascists• 1921 – National Fascist Party
WHAT EXACTLY IS FASCISM?
• Concept• Foundation• Giovanni Gentile
FACTORS THAT LED TO SINGLE PARTY STATE
• Mussolini believed war was the perfect opportunity for change.
• Italy’s suffered economic, social, and political instability because of war.
• The recruitment of the Blackshirts militia. • Weakness of the government and the collapse of
the Left. (Cook)
MUSSOLINI AS A LEADER
Managed almost all
government Offices
Control Economy
Took out the country
from economy turmoil
Became Known as“ll Duce”
Physica
l
•Appearance, Energy & Height
Mental
•Intelligence & Ability
Personality
•Aggressive, enthusiastic & self-confidenceTas
k Related
Qualities of
Mussolini as a leader
• Initiative, Achievement Drive
• Mussolini was perceived as the BEST of the leaders.
• Mussolini’s style of leadership – AUTHORATIVE & at a certain also EXPERT
• Performed Leadership Roles – Educating, Communicating & Leading the Change
• Mussolini’s Leadership was a result of Strong Will – Power & Hardwork
• Mussolini was an Autocratic Leader & gained followers by striking fear into them with his secret police force
• Mussolini’s followers – some asset, some neutral & some liabilities
• Mussolini was made leader by King Victor Emmanuel II
MUSSOLINI’S SUCCESSES
1. EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS
Mussolini Journalist & editor
Joined Italian Army
Editor of Popolo d’Italia
2. RISE TO POWER
Took Advantage of poor condition
Attacked Vittiorio Orlando
Black Shirts
Appointed as Prime Minister
3. MUSSOLINI AS DICTATOR• Public-Work Program• Improving various sectors of Italian Affairs• Mussolini won jurisdiction of the Vatican through
an agreement with the Papacy.• Captured capital of Ethiopia.• Signed non-military alliance with Adolf Hitler and
Nazi Germany• Invaded and captured Albania• Pact of Steel with Nazi Germany
4. POST-DISMISSAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Rescued from prison by Adolf Hitler and Otto Skorzeny
Salo Republic
Arrested and executed five people that voted against him on the Fascist Grand Council
MUSSOLINI’S FAILURES
1. INVASION FAILURES
• Invaded Ethiopia• Invaded Greece• Suffered from war in North Africa
2. FAILURES AS A LEADER
• Dependent on Nazi Germany for survival• Galaezzo Ciano became dissatisfied with
Mussolini• Ciano resigned
3. LOSS OF LANDS• In July 1943, US and British forces attacked Italy
• Great amounts of land were confiscated:
July 10 – Gela, Licata, and Vittoria July 11 – Pallazolo July 13 – AugustaJuly 14 – Vizzini, Biscani Airfield, and
Niscemi July 22 – Palermo
4. END OF MUSSOLINI
July 25, 1943 – Dismissal from office
April 23, 1945 – Allied Army crossed River Po at Montua
April 27, 1945 – Was captured