Music Programming Report

7/27/2019 Music Programming Report

1/5

Music radio is aradioformatin whichmusicis the main broadcast content.

The radio station provides programming to attract listeners, and profits by selling advertising. Young

people are targeted by advertisers because their product preferences can be changed more easily.

The programming usually cycles from the least attractive item, to most attractive, followed by

commercials.

The purpose of this plan is to build listener interest during the programming.

Dead airdoes not attract listeners, the station tries to fill its broadcast day with sound.

Audiences will only tolerate a certain number of commercials before tuning away.

In some regions, government regulators specify how many commercials can be played in a given hour.Music is the main program item.

Jingels are brief, bright pieces of choral music that promote the stations call letters, frequency and

sometimes disc-jockey or program segment, produced for radio stations by commercial specialty services.

Jingles are often replaced by recorded voice-overs (called stingers).

News, time-checks, real-time travel advice and weather reports are often valuable to listeners.

Time, traffic and weather are given just after.

Call-in telephone line for promotions and gags, or to take record requests

Promotions are the on-air equivalent of lotteries for listeners

PROGRAMMING BY TIME

MUSIC FORMATS

Top 40

The original formulaic radio format. Disc-jockeys would select one of a set of the forty best-

selling singles (usually in a rack) as rated by Billboard magazine.

Todd Storz and Gordon McLendon and invented Top 40

Freeform and progressive rock

A later development wasfreeformradio, later commercially developed asprogressive rockradio

Disc jockeys freedom to play significant music and make significant social commentary and

humor.
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2/5

Progressive rock radio (not to be confused with theprogressive rockmusic genre) was freeform

in style but constrained so that some kind of rock music was what was always or almost always

played.

Freeform radio is particularly popular as a college radio format

AOR(album-oriented rock)

A program director or music consultant would select some set of music standards and require

the playlist to be followed, perhaps in an order selected by the jock.

SignificantAORoffshoots includeclassic rockandadult album alternative.

Oldies, standards, and classic rock

Classic rockoroldiesformats have been described as having the weakness of not playing new

artists.

have a strong niche market, but as the audience becomes older the station becomes less attractive

to advertisers.

During the mid-to-late-1990s, the Mix formata loosely defined mixture of Top-40 and classic

rock with something of an emphasis onadult contemporarymusicbegan to appear across the

country. While the format has no particular standard identity, most mix stations have rotations

consisting largely of pop and rock music from the 1980s and 1990s (and often the 1970s), with

some current material mixed in.

have developed as the audiences that grew up with that music grew older and nostalgic for the

sounds of their youth.

full service

Thefull serviceformat is a more freeform variant of this type of format. Full-service stations will

often mix the oldies, classic rock, classic hits, and adult standards music, occasionally with music

found in formats

a limited amount of local talk programming is heard on most full-service stations.

Classical, pop, easy-listening, jazz, dance

all have small but very loyal audiences in the largest markets

Classical musicradio is just as it soundsradio designed to appeal to the listener of classical

music
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Easy listeningandAdult Contemporaryare related formats that play largely down-tempo pop

music of various styles

Easy Listeningis mostly older music done in the style of standards from the early 20th

century

Jazzstations generally play either traditional jazz forms orsmooth jazz

stereotyped as having a small listenership and a somewhat overly highbrow on-air

personality

Bluesprogramming is generally limited to niche programs on stations that primarily broadcast

other formats.

Dance music is a niche, and so-called rhythmic pop stations have had a fierce but not always

commercially sustainable following.

There was a wide spectrum of disco-format radio stations during the late 1970s, but

virtually all of them died out during thedisco backlash

Alternative and modern rock

grew out of the grunge scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s and is particularly by college radio

andadult album alternativestations;

there is a strong focus on songwriters and bands with an outsider sound or a more sophisticated

sound than the three chord wonder clich

other stations focus onheavy metal,punk rock, or the various post-punk and pop-influenced

sounds known collectively as modern rock

Narrow-interest rock stations are particularly common on the Internet and satellite radio scenes,

broken down into genres such as punk, metal, classic rock,indie music, and the like

Country

Country musicformat is common and popular throughout the United States and in some other

countries (particularly Canada and Australia, both of which share much of the same Anglo-Saxonand Celtic roots as the United States).

radiothe format was indeed originally a predominantly rural phenomenon, especially on AM

radio.

Decades worth of efforts at mainstreaming the format eventually paid off when country radiobecame widely popular among a large number of FM radio stations that signed on in the suburban

Classic countryis a variant of the country music format; it is effectively the country music analog

to oldies.
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4/5

generally preserved in the rural AM stations that country music aired on before its

mainstream expansion.

An alternative country format isAmericana, which eschews the mainstream pop country songs in

of classic-era,alt countryand cult musicians.

Urban (hip-hop/R&B)

The explosive rise in popularity during the 1980s ofrap musichas led to a large number of radiostations specializing in rap/hip-hop andR&Bmusic (with the exception of classic R&B suchasMotown, which is as often as not the province of Oldies stations). This format is popular

among all ethnic groups and social classes.

Community radio

often relies heavily on the music format because it is relatively cheap and generally makes foreasy listening.

Dance music radio

focuses on live DJ sets and hit singles from genres oftechno,house,electro,drum and bass

England, Germany, Netherlands and some other countries, but less so in the United States

Regional differences

Outside ofEnglish-speaking world, several radio formats built around local musical genres are

popular

Cost of programming

Stations usually adopt a music format to gain the greatest number of listeners for the least expense

Internet radiostations exist that follow all of these plans

The DJs function is generally reduced to introducing and playing songs.

Programming is different for non-traditional broadcasting. TheJack FMformat eliminates DJs entirely, as

do many internet radio stations. The music is simply played

Satellite radio usually uses DJs, but their programming blocks are longer and not distinguished much by

the time of day

Music radio and culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americana_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americana_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americana_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_FMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_FMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_FMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_FMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americana_(music)


5/5

Music radio, particularlytop 40, has often acted as both a barometer and an arbiter of musical taste, and

radio airplay is one of the defining measures of success in the mainstream musical world. In fact, the rise

ofrock musicto popularity is intimately tied to the history of music radio.

Internet radio from a small experimenters toy in the mid-1990s to a huge phenomenon allowing both

small do-it-yourselfers and large commercial stations to make their offerings available worldwide was

seen as a threat to over-the-air music broadcasting, and was nearly shut down by onerous licensing

demands made by the recording industry

satellite radio services as a major competitor have brought many of the advantages of Internet radio to an

increasingly mobile listening public, including lack of censorship, greater choice, a more eclectic

approach to format programming, and static-free digital sound quality

Narroecastingone-size-fits-all programming is no longer seen as tenable by some, as the diversity of

musical tastes among the listening public have created a proliferation ofradio formatsin what some mightcall a form ofnarrowcasting.
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Music Programming Report

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