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Museum of Australia

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Clothing

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Food

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Currency

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Room 4 Title

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• Sydney is the capitol.

• Australia has long been known as the lucky country. This is not surprising when you learn it is the world’s largest iron ore exporter and largest producer of bauxite and alumina. Australia also has the world’s largest deposits of silver, zinc, zircon and easily extracted uranium (over 40% of world resources). It also has about 10 percent of the world’s gold resources.

• Around 115 Australians per 100,000 of population are in jail. This compares with: New Zealand 155, UK 141, Germany 100, Spain 138, Canada 116, South Africa 400, USA 700.

Australian Flag

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“Akubra is an Aboriginal word for head covering and this was the name given to the hats that fur cutter Benjamin Dunkerley started producing in Tasmania in 1872 . It is a bush hat with wide rims to keep the sun off your face and each hat needs seven rabbit skins but have nowadays turned into a fashion item worn by many who never leave the city and is for sale where ever tourists congregate nowadays. Before scientists were smart enough to develop diseases to keep rabbit numbers under control the need for rabbit skins for these hats helped keep rabbit numbers down. The hat looks even better together with a Drizabone” ("Amazing Australia").

Akubra

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“The "Drizabone" is the traditional Australian stockman's oilskin riding coat and is part of Australia's history.

It was adopted by the early Australian settlers from the wet weather gear worn by the sailors on the windjammers to protect themselves from the fierce weather of the Roaring Forties.

There have been certain improvements along the way, but the essential style of the coat, and its famous durability, have made it a legend” ("Amazing Australia").

Drizabone

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“If you walk through the long grass in the Aussie bush you will find that your socks fill up with heaps of grass seeds, that can be pretty sharp and prickly, and it would take you ages to ever get them out again” ("Amazing Australia").

Gators

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“In colonial Australia, stockmen developed the technique of making damper out of necessity. Often away from home for weeks, with just a camp fire to cook on and only sacks of flour as provisions, a basic staple bread evolved. It was originally made with flour and water and a good pinch of salt, kneaded, shaped into a round, and baked in the ashes of the campfire or open fireplace. It was eaten with pieces of fried dried meat, sometimes spread with golden syrup, but always with billy tea or maybe a swig of rum” ("Food and drink").

3 cups of self-raising flour 1/2 teaspoon salt (optional)

3 tablespoons butter 1/2 cup milk 1/2 cup water

Sift flour and salt into a bowl, rub in butter until mixture resembles fine crumbs.

Make a well in the centre, add the combined milk and water, mix lightly with a knife until dough leaves sides of bowl.

Gently knead on a lightly floured surface and then shape into a round, put on a greased oven tray. Pat into a round 15-16 cm (6-6 1/2 inch) diameter.

With sharp knife, cut two slits across dough like a cross, approximately 1cm (1/2in) deep.

Brush top of dough with milk. Sift a little extra flour over dough.

Bake in a hot oven for 10 minutes, or until golden brown.

Reduce heat to moderate and bake another 20 minutes. Best eaten the day it is made.

Damper

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“In 1935, the chef of the Hotel Esplanade in Perth, Western Australia, Herbert Sachse, created the pavlova to celebrate the visit of the great Russian ballerina, Anna Pavlova. Whilst it has been suggested this dessert was created in New Zealand, it has become recognized as a popular Australian dish” ("Food and drink“).

4-6 egg whites pinch salt ½ teaspoon vanilla essence

8oz castor sugar/sugar (equal parts) 1 teaspoon white vinegar 2 level teaspoons cornflour

(Please note the following equivalents: castor sugar or fine/super fine sugar corn flour or cornstarch)

Preheat oven to 400F(200C).

Lightly grease oven tray, line with baking paper or use non-stick cooking spray.

Beat the whites of eggs with a pinch of salt until stiff (until peaks form).

Continue beating, gradually adding sugar, vinegar and vanilla, until of thick consistency.

Lightly fold in cornflour.

Pile mixture into circular shape, making hollow in centre for filling.

(Mixture will swell during cooking)

Electric oven: turn oven to 250F (130C) and bake undisturbed for 1 1/2 hours.

Turn oven off, leave pavlova in oven until cool. Top with whipped cream and decorate with fruit as desired.

Pavlova

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“Small squares of plain cake, dipped in melted chocolate and sugar and coated in desiccated coconut. Said to have been named after Baron Lamington (see below), a popular governor of Queensland from 1896 to 1901” ("Food and drink").

SPONGE CAKE

3 eggs 1/2 cup castor sugar 3/4 cup self-raising flour

1/4 cup cornflour 15g (1/2oz) butter 3 tablespoons hot water

Beat eggs until thick and creamy. Gradually add sugar. Continue beating until sugar completely dissolved.

Fold in sifted SR flour and cornflour, then combined water and butter.

Pour mixture into prepared lamington tins 18cm x 28cm (7in x 11in).

Bake in moderate oven approximately 30 mins. Let cake stand in pan for 5 min before turning out onto wire rack.

CHOCOLATE ICING

3 cups desiccated coconut 500g (1lb) icing sugar 1/3 cup cocoa

15g (1/2oz) butter 1/2 cup milk

Sift icing sugar and cocoa into heatproof bowl. Stir in butter and milk.

Stir over a pan of hot water until icing is smooth and glossy. Trim brown top and sides from cake.

Cut into 16 even pieces. Holding each piece on a fork, dip each cake into icing.

Hold over bowl a few minutes to drain off excess chocolate. Toss in coconut or sprinkle to coat. Place on oven tray to set.

Lamingtons

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“The $2 coin, which replaced the two dollar note in 1988, depicts an Aboriginal tribal elder set against a background of the Southern Cross and native grasstrees.

The $1 coin, which replaced the $1 note in 1984, depicts five kangaroos. The standard $1 design, along with the 50, 20, 10 and 5 cent designs, was created by the Queen’s official jeweller, Stuart Devlin.

The 50 cent coin carries Australia’s coat of arms: the six state badges on a central shield supported by a kangaroo and an emu, with a background of Mitchell grass (see fact sheet on Australia’s coat of arms).

The 20 cent coin carries a platypus, one of only two egg-laying mammals in the world. It has webbed feet and a duck-like bill that it uses to hunt for food along the bottom of streams and rivers.

The 10 cent coin features a male lyrebird dancing. A clever mimic, the lyrebird inhabits the dense, damp forests of Australia’s eastern coast.

The 5 cent coin depicts an echidna, or spiny anteater, the world’s only other egg-laying mammal.

The 5, 10, 20 and 50 cent coins are made of cupro-nickel (75percent copper and 25percent nickel). The one and two dollar coins are made of aluminium bronze (92percent copper, 6 per cent aluminium and 2 per cent nickel). The one dollar, 50 and 20 cent circulating coins occasionally feature commemorative designs” (Cresent, 2009).

Coins

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“The Australian dollar, which divides into 100 cents, is the national currency

Decimal currency was introduced on 14 February 1966

In 1988, Australia introduced its first polymer bank note and in 1996, Australia became the first country in the world to have a complete series of polymer notes

Polymer note technology was developed by Australia, and Australia prints polymer notes for a number of other countries

Australia’s colourful bank notes come in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars” (Cresent, 2009).

Australian Money

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“The $100 note features world-renowned soprano Dame Nellie Melba (1861–1931), and the distinguished soldier, engineer and administrator General Sir John Monash (1865–1931).

The $50 note features Aboriginal writer and inventor David Unaipon (1872–1967), and Australia’s first female parliamentarian, Edith Cowan (1861–1932).

The $20 note features the founder of the world’s first aerial medical service (the Royal Flying Doctor Service), the Reverend John Flynn (1880–1951), and Mary Reibey (1777–1855), who arrived in Australia as a convict in 1792 and went on to become a successful shipping magnate and philanthropist.

The $10 note features the poets AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson (1864–1941) and Dame Mary Gilmore (1865–1962). This note incorporates micro-printed excerpts of Paterson’s and Gilmore’s work.

The $5 note features Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and Parliament House in Canberra, the national capital” (Cresent, 2009).

Notes

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“Koalas are found in South Eastern Australia and has been described as an "ash coloured pouched bear". But they are not a bear they are a mammal ( meaning they feed their young on Milk) and are a Marsupial (meaning they carry their developing young mostly in a pouch) The name koala, comes from the Aboriginal saying that means "no drink". The Koala obtains enough moisture from the eucalypt leaves that it lives on” (Andy, 2010).

Koala

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“The red kangaroo is Australia's largest kangaroo of the nearly 60 species in the kangaroo family It is the Kangaroo which dwells in our "Red Center" the arid portion of Australia. They normally move in groups ranging from a few dozen to several hundred individuals. and are known as Mobs . The makeup of the red kangaroo Mob varies but usually consists of a dominant male, a number of adult females, and juveniles of both sexes” (Andy, 2010).

Red Kangaroo

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“They are a rabbit size marsupial with large ears (they have great hearing, and the ears also allow the bilby to lose heat, a sort of "thermoregulation") and their fur is soft grey with a bluish tinge. A long pointed snout and a large black and white tail with a white brush tip makes this a striking looking animal Strong claws enables this marsupial to burrow quickly through sandy soil and the Bilbys pouch faces backwards. Size wise they range from 30 to 60 cm in length with roughly a 20cm tail. The female is smaller than the male, and the species tends to be very solitary” (Andy, 2010).

Bilby

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