Musculoskeletal & energy systems Long term effects of exercise
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Transcript of Musculoskeletal & energy systems Long term effects of exercise
MUSCULOSKELETAL & ENERGY SYSTEMS LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Can you describe the long-term effects of exercise on the
Musculoskeletal and Energy Systems? (P3)
• Can you explain the long-term effects of exercise on the Musculoskeletal and Energy Systems? (M2)
KEY VERBSVERB PLAIN ENGLISHDescribe Try to “Paint a picture” in words. Assume that the
person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing. Tell them what you have learned.
Explain Once you have Described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (e.g) Once you have described England’s poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons why the players did not perform as well as they could.
CONTENTEnergy System – increased aerobic and anaerobic enzymes; increased use of fats as an energy source
Skeletal System – Increase in bone calcium stores; increased stretch in ligaments; increased thickness of hyaline cartilage; increased production of synovial fluid
Muscular System – hypertrophy; increase in tendon strength; increase in myoglobin stores; increased number of mitochondria; increase storage of glycogen and fat; increased muscle strength; increased tolerance to lactic acid.
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Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)
1 Assignment Title : The Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body
2 Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal system. Include: Hypertrophy, Increase in Tendon Strength, Increase in Myoglobin Stores, Increased Mitochondria, Increased Glycogen and Fat Stores, Increased Muscle Strength, Increased tolerance to Lactic Acid, Increased Bone Calcium, Increased Ligament Stretch, Increased thickness of Hyaline Cartilage, Increased production of Synovial Fluid. (e.g.) Muscle Hypertrophy – The size and bulk of the muscles increases. Use of the muscles causes them to tear through stress. The muscle tissue repairs itself and makes the muscle tissue bigger as a result Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate).(e.g.) Muscles become more efficient at using oxygen as a result of training. More Mitochondria are produced in muscle cells. These are the site where energy is produced and if more sites are available then more energy can be produced and therefore the muscles are able to work for longer due to the increased energy that is available to them.
3 Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Energy systems. Include: Increased Aerobic and Anaerobic Enzymes, Increased use of Fats for energy.(e.g.)More Aerobic Enzymes are produced through aerobic exercise. These are able to breakdown glucose more effectively and efficiently Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate).(e.g.)More Enzymes are also available to breakdown Fats. More body fat can be stored in muscles as a result of training. The enzymes mean that more fat can be used as an energy source, meaning that the athlete can compete for longer.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON MUSCLES• Muscle
Hypertrophy
• Stress causes muscle to tear
• Muscle repairs itself
• Tissue becomes bigger and better
INCREASED TENDON STRENGTH• Adapt in the same
way as muscles
• May also increase flexibility
• Cartilage thickens
INCREASED MYOGLOBIN• Muscles can store
more Myoglobin as a result of regular exercise
• Binds to oxygen in muscles
• Improved Oxygen carrying capacity
INCREASED MITOCHONDRIA/GLYCOGEN + FAT• Mitochondria – Produce
ATP. Therefore can produce more energy
• Glycogen – Stored form of Glucose. Source of energy = More energy
• Fat - Triglycerides mean that you have a larger source of energy to draw from
IMPROVED MUSCLE STRENGTH• Overloading the
resistance that muscles are moving
• Muscle adapts and gets stronger
INCREASED LACTATE TOLERANCE• Lactic Acid causes
fatigue
• Able to flush it out quicker and tolerate levels more
• Improved Capillarisation helps removal in Endurance activities
LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON THE SKELETON• Increased Bone
Calcium• Bones strengthen due
to the stress placed on them
• More calcium improves Bone Strength
• Less chance of Osteoporosis
INCREASED LIGAMENT STRETCH• Ligaments and
Tendons become more flexible
• Ligaments are more pliable
• Increased ability to change shapes at joints
THICKER HYALINE CARTILAGE• Less chance of bones
rubbing together
• Less Friction
• More efficient movement
More Synovial Fluid
LONG TERM EFFECTS ON ENERGY SYSTEMS• Increased Aerobic
Enzymes
• Mitochondria increase in size
• More enzymes means that ATP can be broken down more effectively
• More enzymes to break down body fat
INCREASED ANAEROBIC ENZYMES• More Glycolytic
Enzymes
• More efficient Anaerobic Glycolysis
• Body can buffer effects of Lactic Acid
INCREASED USE OF FATS• Training means that
Fat stores can be accessed more readily
• More Fat is stored in muscle tissue
• Can exercise for longer