Muscular System: Functions · Muscular Dystrophy •The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of...
Transcript of Muscular System: Functions · Muscular Dystrophy •The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of...
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
DISEASE AND DISORDER
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Bell Work
• Define:
• Atrophy
• Dystrophy
• Hypertrophy
• Muscle Tone
• Muscle Contractions
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disorders of the muscular system
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Standards-Diagnostic Medicine
• 12) Outline the in-depth normal structure and
function of the musculoskeletal, digestive, and
cardio-respiratory systems, specifically as they
relate to diagnostic medical imaging. Review
directions, planes, and sections of the body in
order to perform diagnostic imaging procedures.
Summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order
to list signs and symptoms of common diseases
and disorders associated with each system.
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disorders of the muscular system
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Objectives
• Explore various diseases and disorders
associated with the muscular system’s
failure to develop or function properly
through a group research project.
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disorders of the muscular system
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Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by
widespread musculoskeletal pain
accompanied by fatigue, sleep, and
depression.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system5
In general, treatments
for fibromyalgia include
both medication and
self-care. The emphasis
is on minimizing
symptoms and
improving general
health. No one
treatment works for all
symptoms.
Most common in
women
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Hernia
Occurs when an organ
protrudes through a
weak muscle.
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Common sites for hernias
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Constipation
Excess stress
on muscles/
peritoneum
Pregnancy
Some causes of hernias
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1.05 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the muscular system
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Incarcerated hernia (strangulated)
If you aren't able to push the hernia in, the loop of intestine can be trapped
(incarcerated) in the abdominal wall. An incarcerated hernia can lead to a strangulated
hernia, which cuts off the blood supply to your intestine. Surgery is needed to repair
the hernia and restore blood supply to the bowel. A strangulated hernia can be life-
threatening if it isn't treated.
Signs and symptoms of strangulated hernia include:
Nausea, vomiting or both
Fever
Rapid heart rate
Sudden pain that quickly intensifies
A hernia bulge that turns red, purple or dark
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1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Spasms or Cramps
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
Sustained contraction of the muscle.
Long periods of exercise or physical labor, particularly in
hot weather, may lead to muscle cramps (overuse). Can
be caused by dehydration or poor circulation. Some
medications and certain medical conditions also may
cause muscle cramps.
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Muscular Dystrophy
• The muscular dystrophies
(MD) are a group of more than
30 genetic diseases
characterized by progressive
weakness and degeneration of
the skeletal muscles that
control movement.
• Muscle cells deteriorate.
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Muscular Dystrophy
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There is NO cure.
Only the symptoms are treated.
Lifespan is shortened.
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Myasthenia Gravis(autoimmune disorder)
• Myasthenia gravis (my-us-THEE-nee-uh GRAY-vis) is
characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of
the muscles under your voluntary control.
• Myasthenia gravis is caused by a breakdown in the
normal communication between nerves and muscles.
• There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatment
can help relieve signs and symptoms.
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disorders of the muscular system
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1.05 Understand the functions and
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Occurs more often in women than in men
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Strain• Muscle strain or muscle pull or even
a muscle tear implies damage to a muscle or its
attaching tendons.• Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-
inflammatory medicines also help reduce pain and swelling. As the pain decreases, you can
use heat on the muscle. Stretching and light exercises to bring blood to the injured area can
also be useful. In general, stretching and warm compresses are helpful before exercises.
Cooling down and icing the area after exercise can help.
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Think “T”
for tear
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Tetanus (lockjaw)
• Serious bacterial disease that affects your
nervous system, leading to painful muscle
contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck
muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your
ability to breathe and, ultimately, threaten
your life.
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1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Enters the body through a puncture wound
The disease can be prevented by receiving
a vaccine called tetanus antitoxoid.
Tetanus
Thanks to the tetanus vaccine, cases of
tetanus are rare in the United States
There is NO CURE!
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Group Activity-A&P
• Work with a partner to answer the
questions on your worksheet concerning
Muscular Dystrophy.
• You will have to research on the website:
www.mda.org
• Make sure to answer all the questions,
including the case study questions.
• Use this information to create a PPT.
• Include pictures/graphics.18
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Individual Activity
• Continue working on your Crossword
Puzzle from yesterday!
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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