Muscular System
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Transcript of Muscular System
Muscular System
“The power system”
This is what happens without muscles
#One Function Responsibl
e for all body movement.
#Two Function Responsible for body form and shape (Posture)
Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.
#Three Function
Test Your Gray Matter….
Muscles are responsible for producing most of our : White blood cells, Hormones, Protein synthesis, or Body Heat.
Types of Muscles
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Attached to bone
Visceral muscle
Found only in the heart
Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Skeletal Muscles
Attached to bone Striated (striped)
appearance Voluntary Sarcolemma = cell
membrane Contract quickly,
fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for a long period of time
Test your skeletal muscles… Open and close
your dominant hand until the teacher tells you to stop.
Smooth Muscle
Visceral (organ) muscle Found in the walls of
digestive system, uterus, and blood vessels
Cells small and spindle shaped
Involuntary – ANS Controlled
Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for a long time.
Cardiac Muscle
Found in heart Striated and
branched Involuntary Cells are fused,
when one contracts, they all contract (HB)
Test your gray matter..
Which of the following muscles are considered “voluntary”
Which kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart?
Striated,cardiac, skeletal,visceral
Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth, Visceral
Sphincter Special circular
muscles in openings of esophagus and stomach, and small intestine, anus, urethra and mouth
AKA: dilator muscles
Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles
ContractibilityContractibility
ExcitabilityExcitability
ExtensibilityExtensibility
ElasticityElasticity1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
The ability of a muscle toreduce the distancebetween the parts of itscontent or the space itsurrounds.
The ability to respond tocertain stimuli by
producingimpulses.
The ability to be stretched.
Ability of muscle to return to
its original length whenrelaxing.
Muscle Characteristics
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Muscular system Muscular system structuresstructures
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Connective tissueConnective tissue
Tendons
dense bands that connect skeletal
muscle to the bone
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Structures of the Structures of the muscular systemmuscular system
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Connective Connective
tissuetissue
FasciaFasciaFibrous
connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles
Sources of heat / energy
For muscles to contract and do their work theyneed energy
ATP – adenosine triphosphate – a major source of energy found in the muscle cell.
When muscle is stimulated, ATP is released, which produces heat and energy to contract muscle.
Lactic acid – a by-product of cell metabolism
Muscle Movement
Muscle moves bones by pulling on them.
As a muscle contracts, it pulls the Insertion one closer to the Origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.
Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.
Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single movement
muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement
Prime mover
Antagonist
muscle whose actions oppose the action of prime mover in any given movement.
Synergist helps steady a movement and stabilize joint activity.
When the antagonist muscles contract, they produce a movement opposite to that of the prime movers.
Motor Unit – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
Neuromuscular Junction – the junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane.
Acetylcholine
Fatigue
Oxygen Debt
Muscle chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft)
caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles
after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose.
Movement: Skeletal MuscleMovement: Skeletal Muscle
Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement.
The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
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Movement: Digestive Movement: Digestive SystemSystem
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
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Exercise and training
Will affect the size, structure and strength of a muscle.
If injured, muscles can only regenerate a limited degree.
If severe injury, muscle tissue may be replaced with scar (connective) tissue.
Benefits of exercising
Improved muscle coordination Improved respiratory and
circulatory system to supply needs of an active muscular system
Eliminate or reduce excessive fat. Improve joint movement. Increase muscle size
Atrophy vs hypertrophy
Atrophy –wasting away of a muscle
Hypertrophy – growth of a muscle due to repetitive usage
Muscle ToneMuscle Tone
John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle.
What happened?
How do you explain this to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Head & Neck MusclesHead & Neck Muscles
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk (anterior)
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk (anterior)
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk(posterior)
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Upper extremitiesUpper extremities
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1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Lower extremitiesLower extremities
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Musculoskeletal disorders - Strain
a tear of the muscle resulting from excessive use
Pain and swelling occur due to bleeding in the muscle
Ice packs will help reduce swelling and stop bleeding
Rest and OTC medicines also help.
Muscle spasm
a sustained contraction of the muscle. Occurs from over usage.
Myalgia
muscle pain
Fibromyalgia
chronic disease that includes muscle pain lasting for 3 or more months
S/S: HA, fatigue, numbness, tingling, and joint pain
Tx – rest, exercise, medicines, chiropractic services, and massage.
Movement:Movement:Digestive SystemDigestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
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Hernia
occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle. Abdominal Inguinal Hiatal – occurs when the
stomach pushes through the diaphragm.
Tetanus (lockjaw)
infectious disease that causes continuous spasms of the voluntary muscles
Caused by toxin from the bacillus: clostridium tetani
enters the body through a wound Can be prevented by vaccine.
Muscular dystrophy
muscle cells deteriorate most common is Duchenne’s
MD:usually genetic defect Usually death occurs in late teens or
early 20’s.
Myasthenia gravis
muscle weakness and paralysis cause unknown: possible immune
system defect.
TENDONITIS
inflammation of a tendon