Muscles Origins and Insertions

Muscles from pg. 44-45 in text

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

SternocleidomastoidBroad superficial muscle running up each side of the neck

Agonist Flexes and rotates the head

SternumClavicle

Mastoid process

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

SpleniusRuns posterior joins skull and spine

Agonist Flexes and rotates the head

Cervical & thoracic vertebrae

Temporal &occipital lobes

Neck Muscles

Thoracic Cage Muscles

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

LongissimusLateral to spinalis

Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine

Cervical,Thoracic,Lumbar vertebrae

Mastoid process & cervical vertebrae

SpinalisMost medial attaches to vertebrae

Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine

Cervical,Thoracic,Lumbar vertebrae

Mastoid process & cervical vertebrae

IlliocostalisMost lateral

Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine

Saccrum,Lumbar vertebrae, Ribs

Cervical vertebrae&Ribs

Back Muscles

Thoracic Cage Muscles

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

DiaphragmAnatomical Divider

Agonist Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity

Sternum,Ribs,Lumbar vertebrae

Central tendon

IntercostalsMuscles in between ribs

Agonist Elevates,Depresses ribs

Inferior aspect of all ribs

Superior aspect of all ribs

TransverseThoracisTriangle muscles under ab wall

Agonist Pulls abdominal wall invward

Sternum,Xiphoid process

Cartilidge of ribs 2-6

Thoracic Cage

Abdominal MusclesMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Rectus AbdominusWash board look

Agonist Flex trunk,Aids in some expirationChild birth

Symphysis pubis & pubic crest

Xiphoid ProcessInferior ribs

External Obliques Agonist Flex and rotate the vertebral column

Lower eight ribs

Iliac Crest,Pubis

Quadratus LumborumDeep muscle

Agonist Extend and laterally bends the vertebral column

Iliac Crest and Lumbar vertebra

12th Rib and upper lumbar vertebrae

Abdominals

Moving Upper LimbMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

PectoralisMajorThick Muscles covering the chest

Prime Mover

Internal rotation, adduction and flexion of the arm

Clavicle,Sternum,Costal cartilage of first 6 ribs.

Intertubercular groove

Latissimus Dorsi“Lats”V shape

Prime Mover

Adductor, Extensor and internal rotator of the arm

Lower Thoracic and Lumber verts. Iliac Crest and sacrum

Humerus

Rotator CuffMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Supraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder joint. Abducts shoulder

Above scapular spine(supraspinous fossa)

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Infraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder joint. Lateral rotation

Below scapular spine(infraspinous fossa)

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Teres Minor Agonist Stabilize shoulder joint. Lateral rotation.

Lateral border of scapula

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Subscapularis Stabilizer Rotates medially and stabilizes shoulder

Iliac Crest and Lumbar vertebra

Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

Scapular MusclesMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Trapezius Agonist Scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation & extends neck

Occipital bone,Cervical & thoracic vertebrae

Spine of Scapula, acromion process &clavicle

RhomboidsMajor & Minor

Agonist Assist Traps in downward rotation of scapular &adduction of scapula

Maj. T2-T5Min. C1-T1

Medial border of the scapula

Levator Scapulae Agonist Elevates scapula Base of skull & upper cervical vertebrae

Upper medial border of scapula

Serratus anterior Stabilizer Upward rotation & abduction of the scapula

Ribs 1-8 Medial border of the scapula

Scapular Muscles cont.Muscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

PectoralisMinor

Agonist Elevates ribs & Depresses Scapula

Ribs 3,4,5 Coracoid process

Muscles that move Humerus

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

DeltoidsThree headsAnterior, lateral, posterior

Agonist Laterally abducts arms,Medial and lateral rotation

From the clavicle to the acromion to scapular spine

Humerus(Deltoid tuberosity)

Coracobrachialis Agonist Flexor and arm adductor

Coracoid Process

Humerus

TeresMajor

Agonist Medial rotator and adductor

Lateral Border of the scapula

Humerus

Elbow Flexors & ExtensorsMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Bicep Brachii

Agonist Supinator and flexor of the arm

2 placesShort head on corracoidLong Head superior glenoid fossa

RadiusRadialTUberosity

Brachialis Agonist Pronator and arem flexor

Anterior surface of humerus

Coronoid process

Tricep Brachii Agonist Arm Extensor 1)Lateral head – posterior humerus2)Long Head – infragleniod fossa3)Medial head posterior humerus

Olecranon

Brachioradialis Agonist Elbow flexor, very powerful when arm is pronated

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Olecranon

Supination and Pronation of the Forearm

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

Pronator Quadratus

Agonist Pronates forearm

Anterior surface of distal ulna

Distal surface of radius

Pronator teres Agonist Pronates forearm

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid porcess

Lateral mid shaft of radius

Supinator Agonist Supinates forearm

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral aspect of radius

Extrinsic Hand MusclesMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Flexor – Pronator Group

Agonist Pronator and flexor of the wrist and digits

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Meta carpalsPhalanges

Extensor –SupinatorGroup

Agonist Supinator and flexor of wrist ad digits

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Meta CarpalsPhalanges

Pelvic Muscles

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

GluteusMaximus

Agonist Hip extension and external rotation

Illiac crest saccrum and coccyx

Greater trochanter

GluteusMedius

Agonist Abduction and internal rotation

Anterior surface of the illiac crest

Posterior surface of greater trochanter

Sartorius Agonist Hip FlexionOutward rotation

Medial surface of the tibia

Medial surface of the tibia

Gluteus Max, Med, Min

Hip Adductors

Muscle Name Function Describe movements

Origin Insertion

Illiopsoas Agonist Hip and trunk felxion

Ilium and lumbar vertebrae

Lesser Trochanter of the Femur

Adductor longus

Agonist Hip Adduction Pubis Femur

Adductor magnus

Agonist Hip adduction and extension

Pubis and ischium Femur

Hip Muscles

QuadricepsMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Rectus Femoris Agonist Knee Extension and Hip Flexion

Iliac crest PatellarTendon

Vastus Lateralis Agonist Knee Extension Femur PatellarTendon

Vastus intermedius

Agonist Knee Extension Femur PatellarTendon

Vastus Medialis Agonist Knee Extension Femur PatellarTendon

Quadriceps

HamstringsMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Bicep Femoris Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates knee externally, extends hip

Ischium Head of Fibula

Semimembranosus Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally, extends hip

Ischium Medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally

Ischium Medial tibial condyle

Hamstrings

Lower LegMuscle Name Function Describe

movementsOrigin Insertion

Tibialis Anterior Agonist Dorsi Flexes ankle and inverts foot

Anterior shaft of tibia Metatarsals

Gastrocnemius Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle and felxes knee

Medial and Lateral Condyles

Calcaneous

Soleus Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle Fibula Calcaneous

Lower Leg Muscles