Muscles

Origin

Insertion

Primary Action

Head/Neck Muscles• Frontalis• Orbicularis oculi• Orbicularis oris• Temporalis• Zygomaticus• Masseter• Buccinator• Sternocleidomastoid• Platysma

Frontalis• Origin

o Cranial aponeurosis

• Insertiono Skin of eyebrows

• Primary Action

o Raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi• Origin

o Frontal bone and maxilla

• Insertiono Tissue around the

eyes

• Primary Actionso Blinks o Closes eyes

Orbicularis oris• Origin

o Maxilla and mandible • Insertion

o Skin and muscle around the mouth

• Primary Actionso Closes and protrudes

lipso Known as the kissing

muscle because it is used to pucker the lips. (xo!).

Temporalis• Origin

o Temporal bone

• Insertion

o Mandible

• Primary Action

o Closes jaw

Zygomaticus• Origin

o Zygomatic bone

• Insertiono Skin and muscle

at corners of lips

• Primary Actiono Raises corner of

mouth

Masseter• Origin

o Zygomatic arch

• Insertiono Mandible

• Primary Action o Closes jaw

Buccinator• Origin

o Maxilla and mandible near molars

• Insertiono Orbicularis oris

• Primary Actionso Compresses cheek as in

whistling and sucking o Holds food between teeth

during chewing

Sternocleidomastoid• Origin

o Sternum and clavicle

• Insertiono Mastoid process of the

temporal bone

• Primary Actionso Contracted together = flex

neck o One contracts = head

rotated to side

Platysma• Origin

o Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles

• Insertiono Tissue around the mouth

• Primary Actiono Pulls corners of the mouth

inferiorly ‘frown’

Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles• Superficial anterior muscles:

o Pectoralis majoro Rectus abdominiso External oblique

• Superficial posterior muscles:o Trapeziuso Latissimus dorsio Erector spinaeo Deltoid

Pectoralis major• Origin

o Clavicle

o Sternum

o 1st to 6th ribs

• Insertiono Proximal humerus

• Primary Actiono Adducts and flexes humerus

Rectus abdominis• Origin

o Pubis

• Insertiono Ribs 5-7

o Sternum

• Primary Action o Flexes vertebral

column

External oblique• Origin

o Lower 8 ribs

• Insertiono Iliac crest

• Primary Actions o Rotates and flexes

vertebral column

Trapezius• Origin

o Occipital boneo All cervical and thoracic

vertebrae

• Insertiono Clavicleo Scapular spine

• Primary Actiono Extends head and neck

Latissimus dorsi• Origin

o Lower spine

o Iliac crest

• Insertiono Proximal humerus

• Primary Actions o Extends and adducts

humerus

Erector spinae• Origin

o Iliac cresto Vertebræ o Ribs 3-12

• Insertiono Thoracic and cervical

vertebrae o Ribs

• Primary Action

o Extends the vertebral column

Deltoid• Origin

o Clavicle

o Spine of scapula

• Insertiono Deltoid tuberosity of

humerus

• Primary Action

o Abducts arm

Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles

• Biceps brachii• Brachialis• Deltoid• Triceps brachii• Flexor carpi radialis• Flexor carpi ulnaris• Flexor digitorum superficialis• Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)• Extensor digitorum

Biceps brachii• Origin

o Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

o Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

• Insertiono Proximal radius

• Primary Actionso Supinates forearm o Flexes elbow

Brachialis• Origin

o Distal humerus

• Insertiono Proximal ulna

• Primary Action

o Flexes elbow

Deltoid• Origin

o Clavicle

o Spine of scapula

• Insertiono Deltoid tuberosity of

humerus

• Primary Action

o Abducts arm

Triceps brachii• Origin

o Long head: scapula

o Lateral head: proximal humerus

o Medial head: proximal humerus

• Insertiono Olecranon process of ulna

• Primary Actiono Extends elbow

Flexor carpi radialis• Origin

o Distal humerus

• Insertiono Base of 2nd metacarpal

• Primary Actions

o Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)

Flexor carpi ulnaris• Origin

o Humeral head: distal humeruso Ulnar head: posterior ulna

• Insertiono Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of

hamate bone)o 5th metacarpal bone

• Primary Action o Flexes and adducts hand (at

wrist)

Flexor digitorum superficialis• Origin

o Humoulnar head: distal humerus and ulna

o Radial head: superior half of radius

• Insertiono Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5

• Primary Action o Flexes wrist and fingers

Extensor carpi radialis longus• Origin

o Humerus

• Insertiono Base of 2nd metacarpal

• Primary Actions o Extends and abducts hand

at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis• Origin

o Humerus

• Insertiono Base of 3rd metacarpal

• Action o Extends and abducts hand

at wrist

Extensor digitorum• Origin

o Distal humerus

• Insertiono Phalanges of 2nd to 5th

fingers

• Primary Actions

o Extends fingers

o Extends hand at wrist

Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior• Iliopsoas• Adductor muscles• Sartorius• Quadriceps group:

o Vastus medialiso Vastus intermediuso Vastus lateraliso Rectus femoris

• Tibialis anterior• Extensor digitorum longus• Fibularis muscles

Iliopsoas• Origin

o Psoas – lumbar vertebrae

o Iliacus – ilium

• Insertiono Femur (lesser trochanter)

• Primary Action

o Flexes the hip

Adductor muscles

• Origino Pubis

• Insertiono Femur

o Tibia

• Primary Action

o Adducts thigh

Sartorius• Origin

o Ilium

• Insertiono Proximal tibia

• Primary Actions

o Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

Quadriceps GroupVastus medialis• Origin

o Femur

• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar

ligament

• Primary Action

o Extends the knee

Quadriceps GroupVastus intermedius• Origin

o Femur

• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar

ligament

• Primary Action

o Extends the knee

Quadriceps GroupVastus lateralis• Origin

o Femur

• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar

ligament

• Primary Action

o Extends the knee

Quadriceps GroupRectus femoris• Origin

o Ilium

• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar

ligament • Primary Actions

o Extends the knee o Flexes thigh (hip)

Tibialis anterior• Origin

o Proximal tibia

• Insertiono First cuneiform and first

metatarsal

• Primary Actions o Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longus• Origin

o Proximal tibia and fibula

• Insertiono Distal phalanges 2-5

• Primary Actions o Extends toes 2 - 5

o Dorsiflexes foot

Fibularis or peroneus musclesPeroneus longus• Origin

o Fibula • Insertion

o Tarsal (medial

cuneiform) and

1st metatarsal • Primary Actions

o Eversiono Plantarflexion

Fibularis or peroneus musclesPeroneus brevis• Origin

o Fibula • Insertion

o Fifth metatarsal• Primary Actions

o Eversiono Plantarflexion

Fibularis or peroneus muscles

Peroneus tertius• Origin

o Fibula

• Insertiono Fifth metatarsal

• Primary Actions o Eversion

o Plantarflexion

Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior

• Gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius

• Hamstring muscleso Semitendinosuso Semimembranosuso Biceps femoris

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

Gluteus maximus• Origin

o Ilium, sacrum and coccyx

• Insertiono Lateral femur

• Primary Action

o Extends hip (thigh)

Gluteus medius• Origin

o Ilium

• Insertiono Greater trochanter of femur

• Primary Actions o Abducts thigho Steadies pelvis during

walking

Hamstring Muscles

Semitendinosus• Origin

o Ischial tuberosity

• Insertiono Proximal tibia

• Primary Actions o Extends the thigh

o Flexes the knee

Hamstring Muscles

Semimembranosus• Origin

o Ischial tuberosity

• Insertiono Proximal tibia

• Primary Action o Extends the thigh

o Flexes the knee

Hamstring Muscles

Biceps femoris • Origin

o Long head – ischial tuberosityo Short head –lateral femur

• Insertiono Head of fibula

• Primary Actions o Extends the thigh o Flexes the knee

Long head Short head

Gastrocnemius• Origin

o Medial head – medial epicondyle of femur

o Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur

• Insertiono Calcaneus

• Primary Actions

o Flexes kneeo Plantar flexes foot

Soleus

• Origino Tibia

o Fibula

• Insertiono Calcaneus

• Action o Plantar flexes foot