Muschi Note
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Transcript of Muschi Note
7/25/2019 Muschi Note
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Skeletal muscle tissue represents the
most abundant tissue type in the human
body, amounting to 60% of the averageweight.
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! Tesutul striat scheletic
! Tesutul striat cardiac
! Tesutul neted
Tesutul muscular I.
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Caracteristica general!
! Contrac"ia muscular!
! interac"iune de natur! fizico-chimic! între
proteine contractile
! controlata prin oscilatiile concentratiei intracelulare
de
Actina!
i miozina
Ca++Saturday, December 26, 15
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Tesutul muscular I.
! Tesutul muscular striat scheletic
!
Tesutul muscular striat cardiac
! Comparatie intre cele tipuri de
celule musculare striateSaturday, December 26, 15
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M. striat: localizare
Tesutul muscular striat
scheletic:! m. somatici (scheletici);
! TD: musculatura cavitatii
bucale si a faringelui; $ sup. esofag; sfincter analext.;
! AR : m. laringelui;
! AE: sfincter uretral ext;
! Analizatori: m. extrinseci
ai globului ocular si
muschii din urecheaSaturday, December 26, 15
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Raporturile cu tesutul conjunctivCeluleleconjunctive pun in
valoare/moduleazacontractia
Dispozitie paralela,
orientate pedirectia miscarii
principale
Cele 3 structuriconjunctive:
endomisium,
perimisium,
epimisiumSaturday, December 26, 15
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M f l gi
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Morfologie! Celule musculare,
denumite si fibremusculare
! Forma: cilindru!
Nu se ramifica ! Pe sect.
transversale:rotunjite sau poligonale
! Lungime: de la mmla cm
! Grosime 25-100%m
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! Structuri
membranare:
! Tubii T
! Caveolele
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Raporturile RS cu tubii T si miofibrilele
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Raporturile RS cu tubii T si miofibrilele
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Organizarea unui sarcomer
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Organizarea unui sarcomer
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Structura miofilamentelor
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Structura miofilamentelor
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Cuplarea excitatiei cu contractia
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Cuplarea excitatiei cu contractia
! Controlata de oscilatiile concentratiei de calciu.
!
Contractia este initiata de o forma de depolarizare amembranei; hiperpolarizarea este asociata cu relaxarea ;
! Activarea unor receptori mebranari declanseaza alte
mecanisme care cresc concentratia de calciu; Cel mai
important: sistemul PLC/IP3/DAG. Alte mecanisme:
deschiderea unor canale operate de receptor sau de
intinderea mecanica.
! Intrarea Ca – legarea de troponina C – modificarea
conformatiei spatiale – eliberarea situsurilor de
interactiune de pe monomerii de actina – interactiunirepetitive ale actinei cu miozina – glisarea filamentelor
subtiri printre cele groase
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egenerareamuschiului scheletic
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muschiului scheletic
! Tesutulmuscularstriatscheletic estecapabil deregenerare
limitata! Celulele
satelite,observabilenumai cu MEsunt
responsabilederegenerare
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Tesutul muscular striat
Patologie: Distrofiile musculare
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Tesutul muscular striat
I. Placa motorie
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Placa motorie I
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Placa motorie I.
- Fibrele motorii sunt axoni
mielinici ai unor neuroni motori.
Axonul se arborizeaza, isi pierdeteaca de mielina;
- Capatul terminal al fiecarei
ramificatii devine dilatat (buton
sinaptic) si stabileste jonctiuneacu celula musculara;
- Placa are in compunere: o
terminatie axonala, fanta
sinaptica si membrana celulei
musculare
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Placa neuro-musculara
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-Placa motorie II.
Terminatia axonala:
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Terminatia axonala:
acop. de cel. Schwann,
contine mitocondrii,
REN, si 300.000 vezicule
sinaptice (!40-50 nm)
cu ACh
depolarizare axondeschidere can. de Ca
fuziune vezicule cu mb.presinaptica
eliberare Ach
difuziune Achlegare de receptori
(receptori- canale ionice)
-aparitie influx ionic cu depolarizare si
-aparitia potentialului deactiune
-raspandirea pot. de act.
prin sist. tubilor T, cu
initierea contractieiSaturday, December 26, 15
•Placa motorie III.
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Pentru prevenirea
elaborarii unor ras-
punsuri multiple, oenzima aflata la nivelul
laminei externe ale
fantei sinaptice: AchCo,
degradeaza Ach
Degradarea: citeva sutede milisecunde
Colina: transportata in
terminatia axonala(simport sodiu/colina)
Resinteza (din acetat si
colina), catalizata de
acetilcolin-transferaza
Mb. veziculelor sinaptice:
reciclateSaturday, December 26, 15
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