Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation,...

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Page 1: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Municipal Solid Waste Generation Recycling and Disposal in the United States

Tables and Figures for 2012

US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery

February 2014

Table 1

MATERIALS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

29990

6720

10300

340

180

10820

390

1840

1760

3030

70

44310

12740

12360

800

670

13830

2900

2970

2040

3720

770

55160

15130

12620

1730

1160

15510

6830

4200

2530

7010

2520

72730

13100

12640

2810

1100

16550

17130

5790

5810

12210

3190

87740

12770

14150

3190

1600

18940

25550

6670

9480

13570

4000

84840

12540

15210

3330

1860

20400

29380

7290

11510

14790

4290

77420

12150

15950

3410

1940

21300

30260

7570

12700

15450

4650

71310

11530

16830

3500

2020

22350

31290

7440

13110

15710

4700

70020

11470

16540

3510

2000

22050

31840

7580

13120

15780

4630

68620

11570

16800

3580

2000

22380

31750

7530

14330

15820

4600

Total Materials in Products 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

340

76

117

04

02

123

04

21

20

34

01

366

105

102

07

06

114

24

25

17

31

06

364

100

83

11

08

102

45

28

17

46

17

349

63

61

13

05

79

82

28

28

59

15

360

52

58

13

07

78

105

27

39

56

16

334

49

60

13

07

80

116

29

45

58

17

307

48

63

14

08

84

120

30

50

61

18

285

46

67

14

08

89

125

30

52

63

19

280

46

66

14

08

88

127

30

52

63

18

274

46

67

14

08

89

127

30

57

63

18

Total Materials in Products 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 2

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each material)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

5080

100

50

Neg

Neg

50

Neg

330

50

Neg

Neg

6770

160

150

10

320

480

Neg

250

60

Neg

300

11740

750

370

310

540

1220

20

130

160

Neg

500

20230

2630

2230

1010

730

3970

370

370

660

130

680

37560

2880

4680

860

1060

6600

1480

820

1320

1370

980

41960

2590

5020

690

1280

6990

1780

1050

1830

1830

1210

42940

2810

5330

720

1340

7390

2140

1270

1950

2120

1280

44570

3130

5770

680

1400

7850

2500

1320

2010

2280

1330

45900

3170

5460

720

1370

7550

2660

1350

2020

2350

1310

44360

3200

5550

710

1360

7620

2800

1350

2250

2410

1300

Total Materials in Products 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Material

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

169

15

05

Neg

Neg

05

Neg

179

28

Neg

Neg

153

13

12

13

478

35

Neg

84

29

Neg

390

213

50

29

179

466

79

03

31

63

Neg

198

278

201

176

359

664

240

22

64

114

11

213

428

226

331

270

663

348

58

123

139

101

245

495

207

330

207

688

343

61

144

159

124

282

555

231

334

211

691

347

71

168

154

137

275

625

271

343

194

693

351

80

177

153

145

283

656

276

330

205

685

342

84

178

154

149

283

646

277

330

198

680

340

88

179

157

152

283

Total Materials in Products 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Recovery of electrolytes in batteries probably not recycled

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

^ Includes recovery of paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 3

MATERIALS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

24910

6620

10250

340

180

10770

390

1510

1710

3030

70

37540

12580

12210

790

350

13350

2900

2720

1980

3720

470

43420

14380

12250

1420

620

14290

6810

4070

2370

7010

2020

52500

10470

10410

1800

370

12580

16760

5420

5150

12080

2510

50180

9890

9470

2330

540

12340

24070

5850

8160

12200

3020

42880

9950

10190

2640

580

13410

27600

6240

9680

12960

3080

34480

9340

10620

2690

600

13910

28120

6300

10750

13330

3370

26740

8400

11060

2820

620

14500

28790

6120

11100

13430

3370

24120

8300

11080

2790

630

14500

29180

6230

11100

13430

3320

24260

8370

11250

2870

640

14760

28950

6180

12080

13410

3300

Total Materials in Products 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

302

80

124

04

02

131

05

18

21

37

01

332

111

108

07

03

118

26

24

18

33

04

317

105

89

10

05

104

50

30

17

51

15

300

60

59

10

02

72

96

31

29

69

14

288

57

54

13

03

71

138

34

47

70

17

247

57

59

15

03

77

159

36

56

75

18

205

55

63

16

04

83

167

37

64

79

20

162

51

67

17

04

88

174

37

67

81

20

148

51

68

17

04

89

178

38

68

82

20

148

51

68

17

04

90

176

38

74

82

20

Total Materials in Products 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 4

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger 8380 5870 700 2510

Books 860

Magazines

Office-type Papers

Standard Mail

Other Commercial Printing

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Subtotal Nondurable Goods

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

excluding NewspaperMechanical Paperssect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Nondurable Goods

22170

30550

9570

15440

432

505

12600

15110

Containers and Packaging

Corrugated Boxes 29480 26810 909 2670

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger

Folding Cartons

Other Paperboard Packaging

Bags and Sacks

Other Paper Packaging

Subtotal Containers and Packaging

excluding Corrugated Boxessect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Containers and Packaging

550

5490

70

960

1460

8530

38010

2110

28920

247

761

6420

9090

Total Paper and Paperboard^ 68560 44360 647 24200

Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical dagger papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing

High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper both residential and commercial Formerly called Third Class Mail by the US Postal Service

Includes paper in games and novelties cards etc

sect Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recovery and discards were not

available Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

^ Table 4 does not include 10000 tons of paper used in durable goods and 50000 tons tissue in disposable

diapers (Table 1) Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 2: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 1

MATERIALS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

29990

6720

10300

340

180

10820

390

1840

1760

3030

70

44310

12740

12360

800

670

13830

2900

2970

2040

3720

770

55160

15130

12620

1730

1160

15510

6830

4200

2530

7010

2520

72730

13100

12640

2810

1100

16550

17130

5790

5810

12210

3190

87740

12770

14150

3190

1600

18940

25550

6670

9480

13570

4000

84840

12540

15210

3330

1860

20400

29380

7290

11510

14790

4290

77420

12150

15950

3410

1940

21300

30260

7570

12700

15450

4650

71310

11530

16830

3500

2020

22350

31290

7440

13110

15710

4700

70020

11470

16540

3510

2000

22050

31840

7580

13120

15780

4630

68620

11570

16800

3580

2000

22380

31750

7530

14330

15820

4600

Total Materials in Products 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

340

76

117

04

02

123

04

21

20

34

01

366

105

102

07

06

114

24

25

17

31

06

364

100

83

11

08

102

45

28

17

46

17

349

63

61

13

05

79

82

28

28

59

15

360

52

58

13

07

78

105

27

39

56

16

334

49

60

13

07

80

116

29

45

58

17

307

48

63

14

08

84

120

30

50

61

18

285

46

67

14

08

89

125

30

52

63

19

280

46

66

14

08

88

127

30

52

63

18

274

46

67

14

08

89

127

30

57

63

18

Total Materials in Products 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 2

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each material)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

5080

100

50

Neg

Neg

50

Neg

330

50

Neg

Neg

6770

160

150

10

320

480

Neg

250

60

Neg

300

11740

750

370

310

540

1220

20

130

160

Neg

500

20230

2630

2230

1010

730

3970

370

370

660

130

680

37560

2880

4680

860

1060

6600

1480

820

1320

1370

980

41960

2590

5020

690

1280

6990

1780

1050

1830

1830

1210

42940

2810

5330

720

1340

7390

2140

1270

1950

2120

1280

44570

3130

5770

680

1400

7850

2500

1320

2010

2280

1330

45900

3170

5460

720

1370

7550

2660

1350

2020

2350

1310

44360

3200

5550

710

1360

7620

2800

1350

2250

2410

1300

Total Materials in Products 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Material

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

169

15

05

Neg

Neg

05

Neg

179

28

Neg

Neg

153

13

12

13

478

35

Neg

84

29

Neg

390

213

50

29

179

466

79

03

31

63

Neg

198

278

201

176

359

664

240

22

64

114

11

213

428

226

331

270

663

348

58

123

139

101

245

495

207

330

207

688

343

61

144

159

124

282

555

231

334

211

691

347

71

168

154

137

275

625

271

343

194

693

351

80

177

153

145

283

656

276

330

205

685

342

84

178

154

149

283

646

277

330

198

680

340

88

179

157

152

283

Total Materials in Products 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Recovery of electrolytes in batteries probably not recycled

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

^ Includes recovery of paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 3

MATERIALS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

24910

6620

10250

340

180

10770

390

1510

1710

3030

70

37540

12580

12210

790

350

13350

2900

2720

1980

3720

470

43420

14380

12250

1420

620

14290

6810

4070

2370

7010

2020

52500

10470

10410

1800

370

12580

16760

5420

5150

12080

2510

50180

9890

9470

2330

540

12340

24070

5850

8160

12200

3020

42880

9950

10190

2640

580

13410

27600

6240

9680

12960

3080

34480

9340

10620

2690

600

13910

28120

6300

10750

13330

3370

26740

8400

11060

2820

620

14500

28790

6120

11100

13430

3370

24120

8300

11080

2790

630

14500

29180

6230

11100

13430

3320

24260

8370

11250

2870

640

14760

28950

6180

12080

13410

3300

Total Materials in Products 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

302

80

124

04

02

131

05

18

21

37

01

332

111

108

07

03

118

26

24

18

33

04

317

105

89

10

05

104

50

30

17

51

15

300

60

59

10

02

72

96

31

29

69

14

288

57

54

13

03

71

138

34

47

70

17

247

57

59

15

03

77

159

36

56

75

18

205

55

63

16

04

83

167

37

64

79

20

162

51

67

17

04

88

174

37

67

81

20

148

51

68

17

04

89

178

38

68

82

20

148

51

68

17

04

90

176

38

74

82

20

Total Materials in Products 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 4

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger 8380 5870 700 2510

Books 860

Magazines

Office-type Papers

Standard Mail

Other Commercial Printing

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Subtotal Nondurable Goods

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

excluding NewspaperMechanical Paperssect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Nondurable Goods

22170

30550

9570

15440

432

505

12600

15110

Containers and Packaging

Corrugated Boxes 29480 26810 909 2670

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger

Folding Cartons

Other Paperboard Packaging

Bags and Sacks

Other Paper Packaging

Subtotal Containers and Packaging

excluding Corrugated Boxessect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Containers and Packaging

550

5490

70

960

1460

8530

38010

2110

28920

247

761

6420

9090

Total Paper and Paperboard^ 68560 44360 647 24200

Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical dagger papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing

High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper both residential and commercial Formerly called Third Class Mail by the US Postal Service

Includes paper in games and novelties cards etc

sect Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recovery and discards were not

available Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

^ Table 4 does not include 10000 tons of paper used in durable goods and 50000 tons tissue in disposable

diapers (Table 1) Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 3: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 2

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each material)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

5080

100

50

Neg

Neg

50

Neg

330

50

Neg

Neg

6770

160

150

10

320

480

Neg

250

60

Neg

300

11740

750

370

310

540

1220

20

130

160

Neg

500

20230

2630

2230

1010

730

3970

370

370

660

130

680

37560

2880

4680

860

1060

6600

1480

820

1320

1370

980

41960

2590

5020

690

1280

6990

1780

1050

1830

1830

1210

42940

2810

5330

720

1340

7390

2140

1270

1950

2120

1280

44570

3130

5770

680

1400

7850

2500

1320

2010

2280

1330

45900

3170

5460

720

1370

7550

2660

1350

2020

2350

1310

44360

3200

5550

710

1360

7620

2800

1350

2250

2410

1300

Total Materials in Products 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Material

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

169

15

05

Neg

Neg

05

Neg

179

28

Neg

Neg

153

13

12

13

478

35

Neg

84

29

Neg

390

213

50

29

179

466

79

03

31

63

Neg

198

278

201

176

359

664

240

22

64

114

11

213

428

226

331

270

663

348

58

123

139

101

245

495

207

330

207

688

343

61

144

159

124

282

555

231

334

211

691

347

71

168

154

137

275

625

271

343

194

693

351

80

177

153

145

283

656

276

330

205

685

342

84

178

154

149

283

646

277

330

198

680

340

88

179

157

152

283

Total Materials in Products 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Recovery of electrolytes in batteries probably not recycled

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

^ Includes recovery of paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 3

MATERIALS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

24910

6620

10250

340

180

10770

390

1510

1710

3030

70

37540

12580

12210

790

350

13350

2900

2720

1980

3720

470

43420

14380

12250

1420

620

14290

6810

4070

2370

7010

2020

52500

10470

10410

1800

370

12580

16760

5420

5150

12080

2510

50180

9890

9470

2330

540

12340

24070

5850

8160

12200

3020

42880

9950

10190

2640

580

13410

27600

6240

9680

12960

3080

34480

9340

10620

2690

600

13910

28120

6300

10750

13330

3370

26740

8400

11060

2820

620

14500

28790

6120

11100

13430

3370

24120

8300

11080

2790

630

14500

29180

6230

11100

13430

3320

24260

8370

11250

2870

640

14760

28950

6180

12080

13410

3300

Total Materials in Products 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

302

80

124

04

02

131

05

18

21

37

01

332

111

108

07

03

118

26

24

18

33

04

317

105

89

10

05

104

50

30

17

51

15

300

60

59

10

02

72

96

31

29

69

14

288

57

54

13

03

71

138

34

47

70

17

247

57

59

15

03

77

159

36

56

75

18

205

55

63

16

04

83

167

37

64

79

20

162

51

67

17

04

88

174

37

67

81

20

148

51

68

17

04

89

178

38

68

82

20

148

51

68

17

04

90

176

38

74

82

20

Total Materials in Products 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 4

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger 8380 5870 700 2510

Books 860

Magazines

Office-type Papers

Standard Mail

Other Commercial Printing

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Subtotal Nondurable Goods

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

excluding NewspaperMechanical Paperssect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Nondurable Goods

22170

30550

9570

15440

432

505

12600

15110

Containers and Packaging

Corrugated Boxes 29480 26810 909 2670

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger

Folding Cartons

Other Paperboard Packaging

Bags and Sacks

Other Paper Packaging

Subtotal Containers and Packaging

excluding Corrugated Boxessect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Containers and Packaging

550

5490

70

960

1460

8530

38010

2110

28920

247

761

6420

9090

Total Paper and Paperboard^ 68560 44360 647 24200

Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical dagger papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing

High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper both residential and commercial Formerly called Third Class Mail by the US Postal Service

Includes paper in games and novelties cards etc

sect Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recovery and discards were not

available Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

^ Table 4 does not include 10000 tons of paper used in durable goods and 50000 tons tissue in disposable

diapers (Table 1) Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 4: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 3

MATERIALS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

24910

6620

10250

340

180

10770

390

1510

1710

3030

70

37540

12580

12210

790

350

13350

2900

2720

1980

3720

470

43420

14380

12250

1420

620

14290

6810

4070

2370

7010

2020

52500

10470

10410

1800

370

12580

16760

5420

5150

12080

2510

50180

9890

9470

2330

540

12340

24070

5850

8160

12200

3020

42880

9950

10190

2640

580

13410

27600

6240

9680

12960

3080

34480

9340

10620

2690

600

13910

28120

6300

10750

13330

3370

26740

8400

11060

2820

620

14500

28790

6120

11100

13430

3370

24120

8300

11080

2790

630

14500

29180

6230

11100

13430

3320

24260

8370

11250

2870

640

14760

28950

6180

12080

13410

3300

Total Materials in Products 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Materials 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Paper and Paperboard

Glass

Metals

Ferrous

Aluminum

Other Nonferrous

Total Metals

Plastics

Rubber and Leather

Textiles

Wood

Other

302

80

124

04

02

131

05

18

21

37

01

332

111

108

07

03

118

26

24

18

33

04

317

105

89

10

05

104

50

30

17

51

15

300

60

59

10

02

72

96

31

29

69

14

288

57

54

13

03

71

138

34

47

70

17

247

57

59

15

03

77

159

36

56

75

18

205

55

63

16

04

83

167

37

64

79

20

162

51

67

17

04

88

174

37

67

81

20

148

51

68

17

04

89

178

38

68

82

20

148

51

68

17

04

90

176

38

74

82

20

Total Materials in Products 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp feces and urine in disposable diapers

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 4

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger 8380 5870 700 2510

Books 860

Magazines

Office-type Papers

Standard Mail

Other Commercial Printing

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Subtotal Nondurable Goods

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

excluding NewspaperMechanical Paperssect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Nondurable Goods

22170

30550

9570

15440

432

505

12600

15110

Containers and Packaging

Corrugated Boxes 29480 26810 909 2670

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger

Folding Cartons

Other Paperboard Packaging

Bags and Sacks

Other Paper Packaging

Subtotal Containers and Packaging

excluding Corrugated Boxessect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Containers and Packaging

550

5490

70

960

1460

8530

38010

2110

28920

247

761

6420

9090

Total Paper and Paperboard^ 68560 44360 647 24200

Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical dagger papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing

High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper both residential and commercial Formerly called Third Class Mail by the US Postal Service

Includes paper in games and novelties cards etc

sect Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recovery and discards were not

available Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

^ Table 4 does not include 10000 tons of paper used in durable goods and 50000 tons tissue in disposable

diapers (Table 1) Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 5: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 4

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger 8380 5870 700 2510

Books 860

Magazines

Office-type Papers

Standard Mail

Other Commercial Printing

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Subtotal Nondurable Goods

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

excluding NewspaperMechanical Paperssect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Nondurable Goods

22170

30550

9570

15440

432

505

12600

15110

Containers and Packaging

Corrugated Boxes 29480 26810 909 2670

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger

Folding Cartons

Other Paperboard Packaging

Bags and Sacks

Other Paper Packaging

Subtotal Containers and Packaging

excluding Corrugated Boxessect

Total Paper and Paperboard

Containers and Packaging

550

5490

70

960

1460

8530

38010

2110

28920

247

761

6420

9090

Total Paper and Paperboard^ 68560 44360 647 24200

Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical dagger papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing

High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper both residential and commercial Formerly called Third Class Mail by the US Postal Service

Includes paper in games and novelties cards etc

sect Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recovery and discards were not

available Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

^ Table 4 does not include 10000 tons of paper used in durable goods and 50000 tons tissue in disposable

diapers (Table 1) Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 6: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 5

GLASS PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods 2190 Neg Neg 2190

Containers and Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 5530 2270 410 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1850 630 341 1220

Other Bottles and Jars 2000 300 150 1700

Total Glass Containers 9380 3200 341 6180

Total Glass 11570 3200 277 8370

Glass as a component of appliances furniture consumer electronics etc

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink

alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 7: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 6

METAL PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent of (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) generation) tons)

Durable Goods

Ferrous Metals 14570 3940 270 10630

Aluminum 1520 NA 1520

Leaddagger 1420 1360 96 60

Other Nonferrous MetalsDagger 580 Neg Neg 580 Total Metals in Durable Goods 18090 5300 293 12790

Nondurable Goods

Aluminum 190 Neg Neg 190

Containers and Packaging

Steel

Cans 1850 1310 708 540

Other Steel Packaging 380 300 789 80 Total Steel Packaging 2230 1610 722 620

Aluminum

Beer and Soft Drink Canssect 1300 710 546 590

Other Cans 120 NA 120

Foil and Closures 450 NA 450 Total Aluminum Packaging 1870 710 380 1160

Total Metals in

Containers and Packaging 4100 2320 566 1780

Total Metals 22380 7620 340 14760

Ferrous 16800 5550 330 11250

Aluminum 3580 710 198 2870

Other nonferrous 2000 1360 680 640

Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances furniture tires and miscellaneous durables

Aluminum in appliances furniture and miscellaneous durables

dagger Lead in lead-acid batteries

Dagger Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables

sect Aluminum can recovery does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 8: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 7

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Durable Goods

PET 350

HDPE 1230

PVC 220

LDPELLDPE 1980

PP 3920

PS 690

Other resins 3070

Total Plastics in Durable Goods 11460 770 67 10690

Nondurable GoodsDagger

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

LDPELLDPE 20 20

PLA 20 20

PP 190 190

PS 830 830

Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 1060 Neg Neg 1060

Trash Bags

HDPE 220 220

LDPELLDPE 800 800

Subtotal Trash Bags 1020 1020

All other nondurables

PET 540

HDPE 520

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1160

PLA PLA 20 20

PP 1200

PS 200

Other resins 560

Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4430 130 29 4300

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods by resin

PET 540

HDPE 740

PVC 230

LDPELLDPE 1980

PLA 40

PP 1390

PS 1030

Other resins 560

Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6510 130 20 6380

Plastic Containers amp Packaging

Bottles and Jars

PET 2790 860 308 1930

Natural Bottlesdagger

HDPE 780 220 282 560

Dagger Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging sect

Due to source data aggregation PET cups are included in Other Plastic Packaging

All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers clothing footwear etc

Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2012 National

Association for PET Container Resources Recovery includes caps lids and other material collected with PET bottles and jars

dagger White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2007 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling Report

American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers

Neg = negligible less than 5000 tons

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 9: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

PET 3630 880 242 2750

Table 7 (continued)

PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)

Generation Recovery Discards

(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand

Product Category tons) tons) of Gen) tons)

Plastic Containers amp Packaging cont

Other plastic containers

HDPE 1410 290 206 1120

PVC 40 Neg 40

LDPELLDPE 40 Neg 40

PP 280 20 71 260

PS 80 Neg 80

Subtotal Other Containers 1850 310 168 1540

Bags sacks amp wraps

HDPE 700 50 71 650

PVC 50 50

LDPELLDPE 2280 390 171 1890

PP 640 640

PS 140 140

Subtotal Bags Sacks amp Wraps 3810 440 115 3370

Other Plastics PackagingDagger

PET 840 20 24 820

HDPE 670 10 15 660

PVC 330 Neg 330

LDPELLDPE 1070 Neg 1070

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 960 20 21 940

PS 300 20 67 280

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Subtotal Other Packaging 4550 70 15 4480

Total Plastics in Containers amp Packaging by resin

PET 3630 880 242 2750

HDPE 3560 570 160 2990

PVC 420 Neg 420

LDPELLDPE 3390 390 115 3000

PLA 10 Neg 10

PP 1880 40 21 1840

PS 520 20 38 500

Other resins 370 Neg 370

Total Plastics in Cont amp Packaging 13780 1900 138 11880

Total Plastics in MSW by resin

PET 4520 880 195 3640

HDPE 5530 570 103 4960

PVC 870 Neg 870

LDPELLDPE 7350 390 53 6960

PLA 50 Neg 50

PP 7190 40 06 7150

PS 2240 20 09 2220

Other resins 4000 900 225 3100

Total Plastics in MSW 31750 2800 88 28950

HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene

LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide

Dagger Other plastic packaging includes coatings closures lids PET cups caps clamshells egg cartons produce baskets trays shapes loose fill etc

PP caps and lids recovered with PET bottles and jars are included in the recovery estimate for PET bottles and jars

Other resins include commingledundefined plastic packaging recovery

Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 10: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 8

RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)

Product Category

Generation

(Thousand

tons)

Recovery

(Thousand (Percent of

tons) generation)

Discards

(Thousand

tons)

Durable Goods

Rubber in Tires

Other Durables Total Rubber amp Leather

Durable Goods

3020

3500

6520

1350

Neg

1350

447

Neg

207

1670

3500

5170

Nondurable Goods

Clothing and Footwear

Other Nondurables Total Rubber amp Leather

Nondurable Goods

770

240

1010

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

770

240

1010

Total Rubber amp Leather 7530 1350 179 6180

Automobile and truck tires Does not include other materials in tires

Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 11: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Table 9

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

9920

17330

27370

14660

25060

43560

21800

34420

52670

29810

52170

64530

38870

64010

75840

45060

63650

76330

47060

58690

75750

48770

53200

75470

49560

51610

75320

50030

51340

75230

Total Product Wastes 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

35000

2900

30700

30530

3500

32930

32070

3690

34300

32900

3780

35740

33400

3840

36310

33710

3870

36430

33960

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

113

197

311

121

207

360

144

227

347

143

250

310

160

263

312

178

251

301

186

232

300

195

212

301

198

206

301

199

205

300

Total Product Wastes 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

138

227

15

106

192

15

86

181

15

115

168

14

126

125

14

130

126

15

136

130

15

143

133

15

145

135

15

145

135

16

Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial

process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 12: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Table 10

RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

350

2390

2870

940

3730

3350

1360

4670

8490

3460

8800

16780

6580

17560

28870

7970

19770

31500

8530

19310

34060

9120

19190

36680

9210

18830

38270

9270

17270

38750

Total Product Wastes 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4200

Neg

680

15770

Neg

690

19860

Neg

800

21300

Neg

970

19200

Neg

1270

19300

Neg

1740

19590

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Category

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

35

138

105

64

149

77

62

136

161

116

169

260

169

274

381

177

311

413

181

329

450

187

361

486

186

365

508

185

336

515

Total Product Wastes 103 96 133 198 297 320 341 366 376 370

Other Wastes

Food Other^

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

120

Neg

22

517

Neg

21

619

Neg

23

647

Neg

27

575

Neg

35

573

Neg

48

577

Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311 276 278 287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap

Other than food products

^ Includes recovery of soiled paper and mixed MSW for composting

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 13: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Table 11

CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

9570

14940

24500

13720

21330

40210

20440

29750

44180

26350

43370

47750

32290

46450

46970

37090

43880

44830

38530

39380

41690

39650

34010

38790

40350

32780

37050

40760

34070

36480

Total Product Wastes 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

12200

20000

1300

12800

23200

1780

13000

27500

2250

23860

30800

2900

30020

14760

3500

32240

12210

3690

33500

11600

3780

34770

14200

3840

35040

14410

3870

34690

14370

3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

116

181

297

121

189

356

149

217

322

151

248

273

186

267

270

213

252

258

229

234

247

240

206

235

247

200

227

248

207

222

Total Product Wastes 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

148

242

16

113

205

16

95

201

16

136

176

17

173

85

20

185

70

21

199

69

22

210

86

23

214

88

24

211

87

24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes

Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 14: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 12

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1630

2150

1120

Neg

5020

2170

2830

1890

820

6950

2950

4760

2720

1490

9880

3310

460

6790

1660

3610

1510

12470

3640

1040

8120

2460

4930

2280

1900

14500

16400

3610

1180

9340

2960

4910

2750

2630

17680

20310

3690

1530

10230

3340

4970

2900

3160

17240

20400

4020

1720

10820

3720

4660

3020

3320

17490

20810

4080

1770

11130

3830

4740

2970

3410

17630

21040

4190

1860

11500

3860

4710

2950

3420

17540

20960

Total Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

17330

27370

54620

12200

20000

1300

33500

25060

43560

83280

12800

23200

1780

37780

34420

52670

108890

13000

27500

2250

42750

52170

64530

146510

23860

35000

2900

61760

64010

75840

178720

30700

30530

3500

64730

63650

76330

185040

32930

32070

3690

68690

58690

75750

181500

34300

32900

3780

70980

53200

75470

177440

35740

33400

3840

72980

51610

75320

176490

36310

33710

3870

73890

51340

75230

176600

36430

33960

3900

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

18

24

13

Neg

57

18

23

16

07

57

19

31

18

10

65

16

02

33

08

17

07

60

15

04

33

10

20

09

08

60

67

14

05

37

12

19

11

10

70

80

15

06

41

13

20

11

13

68

81

16

07

43

15

19

12

13

70

83

16

07

44

15

19

12

14

70

84

17

07

46

15

19

12

14

70

84

Total Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

197

311

620

138

227

15

380

207

360

688

106

192

15

312

227

347

718

86

181

15

282

250

310

703

115

168

14

297

263

312

734

126

125

14

266

251

301

729

130

126

15

271

232

300

719

136

130

15

281

212

301

709

143

133

15

291

206

301

705

145

135

15

295

205

300

704

145

135

16

296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process

wastes or certain other wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

dagger Other than food products report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent a smaller selection of types of electronics

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 15: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 13

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

10

Neg

330

Neg

10

50

Neg

250

620

20

130

Neg

150

1040

40

1070

10

Neg

Neg

440

1470

470

2000

20

Neg

190

1290

2130

190

760

950

2420

20

Neg

250

1640

2640

360

640

1000

2470

110

10

270

1980

2780

560

350

910

2610

120

10

270

2080

2900

650

480

1130

2620

120

10

270

2120

2850

850

370

1220

2680

120

10

290

2100

2830

1000

240

1240

Total Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

2390

2870

5610

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3730

3350

8020

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

4670

8490

14520

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

8800

16780

29040

Neg

4200

Neg

4200

17560

28870

53010

680

15770

Neg

16450

19770

31500

59240

690

19860

Neg

20550

19310

34060

61900

800

21300

Neg

22100

19190

36680

64990

970

19200

Neg

20170

18830

38270

66310

1270

19300

Neg

20570

17270

38750

65290

1740

19590

Neg

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

06

Neg

295

Neg

02

23

Neg

132

756

03

44

Neg

55

698

04

323

22

Neg

Neg

122

974

38

549

19

Neg

77

262

934

100

52

58

670

17

Neg

84

334

960

137

36

49

669

72

01

81

398

959

177

20

45

649

70

01

73

446

960

196

27

54

642

68

01

70

447

960

249

21

58

640

65

01

75

446

959

292

14

59

Total Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

138

105

103

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

149

77

96

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

136

161

133

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

169

260

198

Neg

120

Neg

68

274

381

297

22

517

Neg

254

311

413

320

21

619

Neg

299

329

450

341

23

647

Neg

311

361

486

366

27

575

Neg

276

365

508

376

35

573

Neg

278

336

515

370

48

577

Neg

287

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

does not include convertingfabrication scrap website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 the report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report

dagger Other than food products examines a smaller selection of types of electronics

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 16: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 14

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

1620

2150

790

Neg

5010

2120

2830

1640

200

6930

2820

4760

2570

450

9840

2240

450

6790

1660

3170

40

12000

1640

1020

8120

2270

3640

150

1710

13740

15450

1190

1160

9340

2710

3270

110

2270

17040

19310

1220

1420

10220

3070

2990

120

2600

16890

19490

1410

1600

10810

3450

2580

120

2670

17010

19680

1460

1650

11120

3560

2620

120

2560

17260

19820

1510

1740

11490

3570

2610

120

2420

17300

19720

Total Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

14940

24500

49010

12200

20000

1300

33500

21330

40210

75260

12800

23200

1780

37780

29750

44180

94370

13000

27500

2250

42750

43370

47750

117470

23860

30800

2900

57560

46450

46970

125710

30020

14760

3500

48280

43880

44830

125800

32240

12210

3690

48140

39380

41690

119600

33500

11600

3780

48880

34010

38790

112450

34770

14200

3840

52810

32780

37050

110180

35040

14410

3870

53320

34070

36480

111310

34690

14370

3900

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

Major Appliances

Small Appliances

Furniture and Furnishings

Carpets and Rugs

Rubber Tires

Batteries Lead-Acid

Miscellaneous Durables

Selected Consumer Electronics

Other Miscellaneous Durables

Total Miscellaneous Durables

20

26

10

Neg

61

19

25

15

02

61

21

35

19

03

72

13

03

39

09

18

00

69

09

06

47

13

21

01

10

79

89

07

07

54

16

19

01

13

98

111

07

08

61

18

18

01

15

100

116

09

10

65

21

16

01

16

103

119

09

10

68

22

16

01

16

106

121

09

11

70

22

16

01

15

105

120

Total Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product Wastesdagger

Other Wastes

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes

Total Other Wastes

181

297

594

148

242

16

406

189

356

666

113

205

16

334

217

322

688

95

201

16

312

248

273

671

136

176

17

329

267

270

723

173

85

20

277

252

258

723

185

70

21

277

234

247

710

199

69

22

290

206

235

680

210

86

23

320

200

227

674

214

88

24

326

207

222

678

211

87

24

322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery

Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Not estimated separately prior to 1999 For more information on consumer electronics see the

dagger Other than food products website httpwwwepagovwasteconservematerialsecyclingmanagehtm which references the

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent report Electronics Management in the US Through 2009 This 2009 electronics report examines

a smaller selection of types of electronics

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 17: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Magazines 14 09 10 08 06 06 06

Table 15

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

7110

1920

1520

1260

1090

270

2700

Neg

1360

100

9510

2470

2650

2130

2080

420

3630

350

1620

200

11050

3390

4000

3120

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2170

1410

13430

610

970

2830

6410

3820

4460

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

4010

710

3340

14790

680

1240

2230

7420

5570

7380

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

6470

820

4030

12790

660

1100

2580

6620

5830

6440

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

7890

980

4250

8800

840

1340

2050

6050

5510

5130

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

8820

1160

4170

9880

-

990

1590

5260

4340

2480

3490

1350

4190

23690

3700

890

980

9050

1290

3720

9150

-

930

1510

5100

3750

2710

3510

1340

3940

22790

3630

1030

1010

9020

1310

3670

8380

860

1470

4750

3620

2660

3510

1290

4010

22170

3590

1060

1020

10220

1290

3610

Total Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 18)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

27370

54620

33500

43560

83280

37780

52670

108890

42750

64530

146510

61760

75840

178720

64730

76330

185040

68690

75750

181500

70980

75470

177440

72980

75320

176490

73890

75230

176600

74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 12)

113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

81

22

17

14

12

03

31

Neg

15

01

79

20

22

18

17

03

30

03

13

02

73

22

26

21

15

04

28

13

01

14

09

64

03

05

14

31

18

21

14

03

18

13

03

04

19

03

16

61

03

05

09

30

23

30

13

04

17

13

04

03

27

03

17

50

03

04

10

26

23

25

14

05

18

13

04

04

31

04

17

35

03

05

08

24

22

20

14

05

18

15

03

04

35

05

17

39

-

04

06

21

17

10

14

05

17

95

15

04

04

36

05

15

37

-

04

06

20

15

11

14

05

16

91

14

04

04

36

05

15

33

-

03

06

19

14

11

14

05

16

88

14

04

04

41

05

14

Total Nondurables 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 19)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

311

620

380

360

688

312

347

718

282

310

703

297

312

734

266

301

729

271

300

719

281

301

709

291

301

705

295

300

704

296 Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 18: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Magazines 106 318 372 400 - - -

Table 16

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

1820

100

250

130

Neg

Neg

40

50

Neg

2250

260

710

340

Neg

Neg

110

60

Neg

3020

280

870

350

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

150

Neg

5110

50

100

300

1700

200

700

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

520

120

Neg

8720

120

240

710

4090

1830

810

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

900

140

Neg

9360

120

270

960

4110

2090

1440

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

170

Neg

7740

180

390

820

4290

2240

2200

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

200

Neg

7070

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10650

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

220

Neg

6630

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10610

Neg

Neg

Neg

1250

230

110

5870

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9570

Neg

Neg

Neg

1470

230

130

Total Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 20)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

2870

5610

Neg

3350

8020

Neg

8490

14520

Neg

16780

29040

4200

28870

53010

16450

31500

59240

20550

34060

61900

22100

36680

64990

20170

38270

66310

20570

38750

65290

21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 13)

35 64 62 116 169 177 181 187 186 185

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

256

52

164

103

Neg

Neg

15

Neg

Neg

237

105

268

160

Neg

Neg

30

Neg

Neg

273

83

218

112

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

380

82

103

106

265

52

157

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

130

169

Neg

590

176

194

318

551

329

110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

171

Neg

732

182

245

372

621

358

224

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

158

173

Neg

880

214

291

400

709

407

429

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

142

172

Neg

716

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

Neg

Neg

Neg

138

171

Neg

725

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

466

Neg

Neg

Neg

139

176

Neg

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

Neg

Neg

Neg

144

178

Neg

Total Nondurables 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 21)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

105

103

Neg

77

96

Neg

161

133

Neg

260

198

68

381

297

254

413

320

299

450

341

311

486

366

276

508

376

278

515

370

287 Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 19: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Magazines 14 09 09 07 - - -

Table 17

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012

(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)

(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

5290

1820

1270

1130

1090

270

2660

Neg

1310

100

7260

2210

1940

1790

2080

420

3520

350

1560

200

8030

3110

3130

2770

2300

630

4230

1930

190

2020

1410

8320

560

870

2530

4710

3620

3760

2960

650

3840

2700

650

780

3490

590

3340

6070

560

1000

1520

3330

3740

6570

3220

960

4250

3230

870

850

5570

680

4030

3430

540

830

1620

2510

3740

5000

3460

1160

4490

3410

930

1060

6640

810

4250

1060

660

950

1230

1760

3270

2930

3460

1250

4630

3770

780

930

7570

960

4170

2810

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13040

3700

890

980

7800

1070

3720

2520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12180

3630

1030

1010

7770

1080

3560

2510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12600

3590

1060

1020

8750

1060

3480

Total Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 22)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

24500

49010

33500

40210

75260

37780

44180

94370

42750

47750

117470

57560

46970

125710

48280

44830

125800

48140

41690

119600

48880

38790

112450

52810

37050

110180

53320

36480

111310

52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods

(Detail in Table 14)

116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

Nondurable Goods

NewspapersMechanical Papersdagger

Directoriesdagger

Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Books and Magazines

Books

Magazines

Office-Type Papers

Standard Mailsect

Other Commercial Printingdagger

Tissue Paper and Towels

Paper Plates and Cups

Other Nonpackaging Paper

Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods

Disposable Diapers

Plastic Plates and Cupssect

Trash Bags

Clothing and Footwear

Towels Sheets and Pillowcases

Other Miscellaneous Nondurables

64

22

15

14

13

03

32

Neg

16

01

64

20

17

16

18

04

31

03

14

02

59

23

23

20

17

05

31

14

01

15

17

48

03

05

14

27

21

21

17

04

22

15

04

04

20

03

19

35

03

06

09

19

21

38

19

06

24

19

05

05

32

04

23

20

03

05

09

14

22

29

20

07

26

20

05

06

38

05

24

06

04

06

07

10

19

17

21

07

27

22

05

06

45

06

25

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79

22

05

06

47

06

23

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

22

06

06

48

07

22

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

22

06

06

53

06

21

Total Nondurables 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

Containers and Packaging

(Detail in Table 23)

Total Product WastesDagger

Other Wastes

297

594

406

356

666

334

322

688

312

273

671

329

270

723

277

258

723

277

247

710

290

235

680

320

227

674

326

222

678

322 Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

dagger Starting in 2010 newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other Commercial Printing Not estimated separately prior to 1990

High-grade paper such as printer paper generated in both commercial and residential sources sect Standard Mail Not estimated separately prior to 1990 Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the US Postal Service sect Plastic Plates and Cups Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Dagger Other than food products - Detailed data not available Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 20: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Plastics Packaging

Table 18

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 9920 14660 21800 29810 38870 45060 47060 48770 49560 50030 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 17330 25060 34420 52170 64010 63650 58690 53200 51610 51340 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1400 5580 6740 5640 5710 6540 6350 5670 5520 5530

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1080 1900 2450 2030 1910 1630 1610 1700 1770 1850

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 4160 3420 2290 2090 1990 1990 2000

Total Glass Packaging 6190 11920 13970 11830 11040 10460 10050 9360 9280 9380

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 640 1570 520 150 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3760 3540 2850 2540 2630 2130 2240 2300 1800 1850

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 200 240 240 240 440 380 380

Total Steel Packaging 4660 5380 3610 2890 2870 2370 2480 2740 2180 2230

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 850 1550 1520 1450 1390 1370 1320 1300

Other Cans gt Neg 60 40 20 50 80 70 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 330 380 400 420 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Packaging 170 570 1270 1900 1950 1930 1880 1900 1890 1870

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 7330 12760 17080 24010 30210 30930 29710 29050 29440 29480

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 540 540 550

Folding Cartons 3820 4300 5820 5530 5340 5470 5540 5490

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 90 80 70

Bags and Sacks 3380 2440 1490 1120 1170 1040 750 960

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 2940 3810 850 1020 1670 1400 1460 1490 1670 1460

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 8630 8580 8530

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 14110 21400 26350 32680 39940 39640 38290 37680 38020 38010

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 260 430 1720 2540 2680 2670 2740 2790

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 530 690 800 750 800 770 780

Other Containers 60 910 890 1430 1740 1420 1900 1830 1870 1850

Bags and Sacks 390 940 1650 1640 940 770

Wraps 840 1530 2550 2810 3020 3160

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2470 4200 4450 3960 3930 3880 3810

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2040 2840 3210 3720 4450 4640 4550

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3400 6900 11190 12420 13010 13680 13900 13780

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8180 8610 9230 9730 9770 9700 9610

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 27370 43560 52670 64530 75840 76330 75750 75470 75320 75230 Total Product Wastesdagger 54620 83280 108890 146510 178720 185040 181500 177440 176490 176600

Other Wastes Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30700 32930 34300 35740 36310 36430 Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 35000 30530 32070 32900 33400 33710 33960 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900 Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 61760 64730 68690 70980 72980 73890 74290

Total MSW Generated - Weight 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails gt

Other Cans rose from 70 thousand tons generated in 2011 in the 2011 report to 120 thousand tons generated in 2011 in this 2012 report because 2011

generation data were estimated based on previous years These estimated data were replaced with actual data The 2012 data for other cans is estimated

based on the 2011 actual data Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons dagger Other than food products

Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 21: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Plastics Packaging

Table 19

PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total generation)

Percent of Total Generation

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Durable Goods 113 121 144 143 160 178 186 195 198 199 (Detail in Table 12)

Nondurable Goods 197 207 227 250 263 251 232 212 206 205 (Detail in Table 15)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 46 44 27 23 26 25 23 22 22

Wine and Liquor Bottles 12 16 16 10 08 06 06 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 42 37 32 20 14 09 08 08 08 08

Total Glass Packaging 70 98 92 57 45 41 40 37 37 37

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 07 13 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 43 29 19 12 11 08 09 09 07 07

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02

Total Steel Packaging 53 44 24 14 12 09 10 11 09 09

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 06 07 06 06 06 05 05 05

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 003 003 005 005

Foil and Closures 02 03 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Total Aluminum Packaging 02 05 08 09 08 08 07 08 08 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 83 105 113 115 124 122 122 116 118 118

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 05 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

Folding Cartons 25 21 24 22 21 22 22 22

Other Paperboard Packaging 44 40 02 01 01 01 00 00 00 00

Bags and Sacks 22 12 06 04 05 04 03 04

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 06 05 07 06 06 06 07 06

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 34 34 34

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 160 177 174 157 164 156 152 150 152 152

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 07 10 11 11 11 11

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 07 07 06 08 07 07 07

Bags and Sacks 03 05 07 06 04 03 00 00

Wraps 06 07 10 11 12 13 00 00

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 08 12 17 18 16 16 15 15

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 05 10 12 13 15 18 19 18

Total Plastics Packaging 01 17 22 33 46 49 52 55 56 55

Wood Packaging 23 17 26 39 35 36 39 39 39 38

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Total Containers amp Pkg 311 360 347 310 312 301 300 301 301 300 Total Product Wastesdagger 620 688 718 703 734 729 719 709 705 704

Other Wastes Food Waste 138 106 86 115 126 130 136 143 145 145 Yard Trimmings 227 192 181 168 125 126 130 133 135 135 Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 Total Other Wastes 380 312 282 297 266 271 281 291 295 296

Total MSW Generated - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Generation before materials recovery or combustion

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

dagger Other than food products

Not estimated separately prior to 1980 Paper wraps not reported separately after 1996 Details may not add to totals due to rounding Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 22: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 20

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 350 940 1360 3460 6580 7970 8530 9120 9210 9270

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 2390 3730 4670 8800 17560 19770 19310 19190 18830 17270

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 90 140 730 1890 1530 2000 2260 2350 2270 2270

Wine and Liquor Bottles 10 10 20 210 430 250 320 540 600 630

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 520 920 340 230 240 300 300

Total Glass Packaging 100 150 750 2620 2880 2590 2810 3130 3170 3200

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 10 20 50 40 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 20 60 150 590 1530 1340 1410 1540 1270 1310

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 60 160 160 190 350 300 300

Total Steel Packaging 30 80 200 690 1690 1500 1600 1890 1570 1610

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 10 320 990 830 650 670 680 720 710

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 10 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 20 30 40 40 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 10 320 1010 860 690 720 680 720 710

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 2520 2760 6390 11530 20330 22100 22760 24690 26800 26810

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons 520 340 410 1190 1880 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg 200 300 320 440 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 220 350 300 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 2160 1860 2110

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 2 740 3 110 7 210 12 070 21 040 23 610 25 080 26 850 28 660 28 920 Total Paper amp Board Pkg

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars

HDPE Natural Bottles

Other Containers

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps

Other Plastics Packaging

Total Plastics Packaging

Wood Packaging

Other Misc Packaging

2740

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

3110

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

7210

10

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

10

Neg

Neg

12070

140

20

20

60

20

260

130

Neg

21040

380

210

170

180

90

1030

1370

Neg

23610

590

230

140

230

90

1280

1830

Neg

25080

730

220

280

390

110

1730

2120

Neg

26850

780

220

300

450

100

1850

2280

Neg

28660

800

220

290

430

60

1800

2350

Neg

28920

860

220

310

440

70

1900

2410

Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 2870 3350 8490 16780 28870 31500 34060 36680 38270 38750

Total Product Wastesdagger 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 680 690 800 970 1270 1740

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 4200 15770 19860 21300 19200 19300 19590

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total MSW Recovered - Weight 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 23: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 21

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of generation of each product)

Percent of Generation of Each Product

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008

Durable Goods 35 64 62 116 169 177 181

2010

187

2011

186

2012

185

(Detail in Table 13)

Nondurable Goods 138 149 136 169 274 311 329 361 365 336

(Detail in Table 16)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 64 25 108 335 268 306 356 414 411 410

Wine and Liquor Bottles Neg Neg Neg 103 225 153 199 318 339 341

Other Bottles amp Jars Neg Neg Neg 125 269 148 110 121 151 150

Total Glass Packaging 16 13 54 221 261 248 280 334 342 341

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 16 13 96 267 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans Neg 17 53 232 582 629 629 670 706 708

Other Steel Packaging Neg Neg Neg 300 667 667 792 795 789 789

Total Steel Packaging Neg 15 55 239 589 633 645 690 720 722

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 100 376 639 546 448 482 496 545 546

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 143 NA NA NA

Foil and Closures Neg Neg Neg 61 79 100 95 NA NA NA

Total Aluminum Pkg Neg 18 252 532 441 358 383 358 381 380

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 344 216 374 480 673 715 766 850 910 909

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Folding Cartons Neg Neg 70 215 352 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Bags and Sacks Neg Neg 201 286 376 - - -

Wrapping Papers Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 75 92 353 Neg Neg Neg Neg - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 250 217 247

Total Paper amp Board Pkg Total Paper amp Board Pkg 19 4 194 14 5 145 27 4 274 36 9 369 52 7 527 59 6 596 65 5 655 71 3 713 75 4 754 76 1 761

Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 38 326 221 232 272 292 292 308

HDPE Natural Bottles Neg 38 304 288 293 275 286 282

Other Containers Neg Neg Neg 14 98 99 147 164 155 168

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps Neg 24 43 52 98 115 111 115

Other Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 10 32 28 30 22 13 15

Total Plastics Packaging Neg Neg Neg 38 92 103 133 135 129 138

Wood Packaging Neg Neg Neg 16 159 198 218 233 242 251

Other Misc Packaging Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Containers amp Pkg 105 77 161 260 381 413 450

Total Product Wastesdagger 103 96 133 198 297 320 341

Neg

486

366

Neg

508

376

Neg

515

370

Other Wastes

Food Waste Neg Neg Neg Neg 22 21 23 27 35 48

Yard Trimmings Neg Neg Neg 120 517 619 647 575 573 577

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Total Other Wastes Neg Neg Neg 68 254 299 311

Total MSW Recovered - 64 66 96 160 285 314 333

Recovery of postconsumer wastes does not include convertingfabrication scrap Details may not add to totals due to rounding

276

340

278

347

287

345

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons

Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent NA = Not Available

- Detailed data not available

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 24: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 22

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In thousands of tons)

Thousands of Tons

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 9570 13720 20440 26350 32290 37090 38530 39650 40350 40760

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 14940 21330 29750 43370 46450 43880 39380 34010 32780 34070

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 1310 5440 6010 3750 4180 4540 4090 3320 3250 3260

Wine and Liquor Bottles 1070 1890 2430 1820 1480 1380 1290 1160 1170 1220

Other Bottles amp Jars 3710 4440 4780 3640 2500 1950 1860 1750 1690 1700

Total Glass Packaging 6090 11770 13220 9210 8160 7870 7240 6230 6110 6180

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 630 1550 470 110 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 3740 3480 2700 1950 1100 790 830 760 530 540

Other Steel Packaging 260 270 240 140 80 80 50 90 80 80

Total Steel Packaging 4630 5300 3410 2200 1180 870 880 850 610 620

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 90 530 560 690 800 720 690 600 590

Other Cans Neg 60 40 20 50 80 60 70 120 120

Foil and Closures 170 410 380 310 350 360 380 460 450 450

Total Aluminum Pkg 170 560 950 890 1090 1240 1160 1220 1170 1160

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 4810 10000 10690 12480 9880 8830 6950 4360 2640 2670

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 790 510 550 500 490 - - -

Folding Cartons 3300 3960 5410 4340 3460 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 3840 4830 230 290 200 160 120 - - -

Bags and Sacks 3380 2240 1190 800 730 - - -

Wrapping Papers 200 110 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 2720 3460 550 1020 1670 1400 1460 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 6470 6720 6420

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 11370 18290 19140 20610 18900 16030 13210 10830 9360 9090

Plastics Packaging Plastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 250 290 1340 1950 1950 1890 1940 1930

HDPE Natural Bottles 230 510 480 570 530 580 550 560

Other Containers 60 910 890 1410 1570 1280 1620 1530 1580 1540

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 1230 2410 4020 4220 3570 3480 3450 3370

Other Plastics Packaging 60 1180 790 2020 2750 3120 3610 4350 4580 4480

Total Plastics Packaging 120 2090 3390 6640 10160 11140 11280 11830 12100 11880

Wood Packaging 2000 2070 3940 8050 7240 7400 7610 7490 7350 7200

Other Misc Packaging 120 130 130 150 240 280 310 340 350 350

Total Containers amp Pkg 24500 40210 44180 47750 46970 44830 41690 38790 37050 36480

Total Product Wastesdagger 49010 75260 94370 117470 125710 125800 119600 112450 110180 111310

Other Wastes

Food Waste 12200 12800 13000 23860 30020 32240 33500 34770 35040 34690

Yard Trimmings 20000 23200 27500 30800 14760 12210 11600 14200 14410 14370

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1300 1780 2250 2900 3500 3690 3780 3840 3870 3900

Total Other Wastes 33500 37780 42750 57560 48280 48140 48880 52810 53320 52960

Total MSW Discarded - Weight 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent

- Detailed data not available

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 25: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 23

PRODUCTS DISCARDED IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM 1960 TO 2012 (WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)

(In percent of total discards)

Percent of Total Discards

Products 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Durable Goods 116 121 149 151 186 213 229 240 247 248

(Detail in Table 14)

Nondurable Goods 181 189 217 248 267 252 234 206 200 207

(Detail in Table 17)

Containers and Packaging

Glass Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Bottles 16 48 44 21 24 26 24 20 20 20

Wine and Liquor Bottles 13 17 18 10 09 08 08 07 07 07

Other Bottles amp Jars 45 39 35 21 14 11 11 11 10 10

Total Glass Packaging 74 104 96 53 47 45 43 38 37 38

Steel Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans 08 14 03 01 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg

Cans 45 31 20 11 06 05 05 05 03 03

Other Steel Packaging 03 02 02 01 00 00 00 01 00 00

Total Steel Packaging 56 47 25 13 07 05 05 05 04 04

Aluminum Packaging

Beer and Soft Drink Cans Neg 01 04 03 04 05 04 04 04 04

Other Cans Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 01 01

Foil and Closures 02 04 03 02 02 02 02 03 03 03

Total Aluminum Pkg 02 05 07 05 06 07 07 07 07 07

Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Corrugated Boxes 58 88 78 71 57 51 41 26 16 16

Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg

Gable TopAseptic CartonsDagger 06 03 03 03 03 - - -

Folding Cartons 24 23 31 25 21 - - -

Other Paperboard Packaging 47 43 02 02 01 01 01 - - -

Bags and Sacks 25 13 07 05 04 - - -

Wrapping Papers 01 01 Neg Neg Neg - - -

Other Paper Packaging 33 31 04 06 10 08 09 - - -

Subtotal Other Paper amp Paperboard Pkg 39 41 39

Total Paper amp Board Pkg 138 162 140 118 109 92 78 66 57 55

Plastics PackagingPlastics Packaging

PET Bottles and Jars 02 02 08 11 12 11 12 12

HDPE Natural Bottles 02 03 03 03 03 04 03 03

Other Containers 01 08 06 08 09 07 10 09 10 09

Bags and Sacks

Wraps

Subtotal Bags Sacks and Wraps 09 14 23 24 21 21 21 21

Other Plastics Packaging 01 10 06 12 16 18 21 26 28 27

Total Plastics Packaging 01 18 25 38 58 64 67 72 74 72

Wood Packaging 24 18 29 46 42 43 45 45 45 44

Other Misc Packaging 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02

Total Containers amp Pkg 297 356 322 273 270 258 247 235 227 222

Total Product Wastesdagger 594 666 688 671 723 723 710 680 674 678

Other Wastes

Food Waste 148 113 95 136 173 185 199 210 214 211

Yard Trimmings 242 205 201 176 85 70 69 86 88 87

Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 16 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 24

Total Other Wastes 406 334 312 329 277 277 290 320 326 322

Total MSW Discarded - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Discards after materials and compost recovery In this table discards include combustion with energy recovery Does not include construction amp demolition debris industrial process wastes or certain other wastes Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails dagger Other than food products

Dagger Includes milk juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons Neg = Less than 5000 tons or 005 percent Details may not add to totals due to rounding

- Detailed data not available

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 26: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 24

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES

Source Reduction Practice

MSW Product Categories

Durable

Goods

Nondurable

Goods

Containers amp

Packaging Organics

Redesign

Materials reduction

bull Downgauge metals in

appliances

bull Paperless purchase

orders

bull Concentrates

bull Container lightweighting bull Xeriscaping

Materials substitution

bull Use of composites

in appliances and

electronic circuitry

bull Cereal in bags

bull Coffee brick

Lengthen life

bull High mileage tires

bull Electronic components

reduce moving parts

bull Regular servicing

bull

bull

Look at warranties

Extend warranties

bull Design for secondary use

bull Reusable packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing packaging

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing storage and

transportation

bull Avoid spoilage by

changing supply chain

management

Consumer Practices

bull Purchase long lived

products

bull Repair

bull Duplexing

bull Sharing

bull Reduce unwanted

mail

bull Purchasing

concentrated products

bull Purchasing

products in bulk

bull Reusable bags

bull Food donation

bull Avoid spoilage by

monitoring and tracking

food purchases and use

Reuse

By design

bull Modular design bull Envelopes bull Reusable pallets

bull Returnable secondary

packaging

Secondary

bull Borrow or rent for

temporary use

bull Give to charity

bull Buy or sell at

garage sales

bull Clothing

bull Waste paper

scratch pads

bull Loosefill

bull Grocery sacks

bull Dairy containers

bull Glass and plastic jars

ReduceEliminate Toxins

bull Eliminate PCBs bull Soy ink waterbased

bull Waterbased solvents

bull Reduce mercury

bull Replace lead foil on

wine bottles

Reduce Organics

Food scraps bull Backyard composting

bull Vermi-composting

Yard trimmings bull Backyard composting

bull Grasscycling

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 27: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 25 Residential food waste collection and composting programs

in the US 2012

Households

State Served

California 1269724

Colorado 19014

Iowa 39400

Massachusetts 3600

Michigan 43500

Minnesota 38665

Ohio 73813

Oregon 213728

Pennsylvania 3400

Vermont 2700

W ashington 770458

Total US Households Served 2478002

Total US Households 114991725

Households served percent of total households 2

BioCycle March 2013 Residential Food Waste Collection In The US mdash BioCycle Nationwide Survey

Supplemental tables Additional web search to supplement BioCycle survey

In addition New York City initiated a pilot program in 2012 In 2013 over 30000 households were served

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 28: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 26

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF) 2012

Estimated

Throughput

Region Number (tpd)

NORTHEAST 153 27186

SOUTH 195 24754

MIDWEST 153 23118

WEST 132 23391

US Total 633 98449

Source Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 29: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 27

MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS 2012

Design

Number Capacity

Region Operational (tpd)

NORTHEAST 40 46704

SOUTH 22 31896

MIDWEST 16 11393

WEST 8 6171

US Total 86 96164

Projects on hold or inactive were not included

W TE includes mass burn modular and refuse-derived

fuel combustion facilities

Source The 2010 ERC Directory of W aste-to-Energy Plants Energy Recovery Council (ERC)

December 2010

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 30: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 28

LANDFILL FACILITIES 2012

Number of

Landfills

Region

NORTHEAST 128

SOUTH 668

MIDWEST 394

WEST 718

US Total 1908

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 31: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Table 29

Jobs Created through Reuse Recycling and Disposal

(jobs per 10000 tons per year managed)

Jobs per

Type of Operation 10000 TPY

Product Reuse Computer Reuse 296

Textile Reclamation 85

Misc Durables Reuse 62

W ooden Pallet Repair 28

Recycling-based Manufacturers 25 Paper Mills 18

Glass Product Manufacturers 26

Plastic Product Manufacturers 93

Conventional Materials Recovery 10

Facilities Composting 4

Landfill and Incineration 1

Source Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington DC 1997

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 32: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Table 30

GENERATION MATERIALS RECOVERY COMPOSTING COMBUSTION

AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1960 TO 2012

(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)

Thousands of Tons

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 88120 121060 151640 208270 243450 253730 252480 250420 250380 250890

Recovery for recycling 5610 8020 14520 29040 53010 59240 61900 64990 66310 65290

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 4200 16450 20550 22100 20170 20570 21330

Total Materials Recovery 5610 8020 14520 33240 69460 79790 84000 85160 86880 86620

Discards after recovery 82510 113040 137120 175030 173990 173940 168480 165260 163500 164270

Combustion with

energy recovery 0 400 2700 29700 33730 31620 31550 29260 29260 29260

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 82510 112640 134420 145330 140260 142320 136930 136000 134240 135010

Pounds per Person per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 268 325 366 457 474 469 455 444 440 438

Recovery for recycling 017 022 035 064 103 110 112 115 117 114

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 009 032 038 040 036 036 037

Total Materials Recovery 017 022 035 073 135 148 152 151 153 151

Discards after recovery 251 303 331 384 339 321 303 293 287 287

Combustion with

energy recovery 000 001 007 065 066 058 057 052 051 051

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 251 302 324 319 273 263 246 241 236 236

Population (thousands) 179979 203984 227255 249907 281422 296410 304060 309051 311592 313914

Percent of Total Generation

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012

Generation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Recovery for recycling 64 66 96 140 218 233 245 259 265 260

Recovery for composting Neg Neg Neg 20 67 81 88 81 82 85

Total Materials Recovery 64 66 96 160 285 314 333 340 347 345

Discards after recovery 936 934 904 840 715 686 667 660 653 655

Combustion with

energy recovery 00 03 18 142 139 125 125 117 117 117

Discards to landfill

other disposaldagger 936 931 886 698 576 561 542 543 536 538

Composting of yard trimmings food waste and other MSW organic material Does not include backyard composting

Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source separated

materials in MSW (eg wood pallets and tire-derived fuel) 2012 includes 26850 MSW 510 wood and 1900 tires (1000 tons)

dagger Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery Discards include combustion without energy recovery

Details may not add to totals due to rounding

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 33: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 1 - A Municipal solid waste in the universe Subtitle D wastes

Subtitle D Wastes

The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste which includes

Containers and packaging such as sft drink bottles and corrugated boxes

Durable goods such as furniture and appliances

Nondurable goods such as newspapers trash bags and clothing

Other wastes such as food waste and yard trimmings

Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are

Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes

Industrial nonhazardous process wastes Oil and gas wastes

Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes

Land clearing debris Auto bodies

Transportation parts and equipment Fats grease and oils

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 34: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 1- B Definition of terms

The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in the United States by material categories and by product categories

The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from residential commercial institutional and industrial sources and before materials recovery or combustion takes place Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimates Source reduction activities (eg backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place ahead of generation

Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal solid waste management system Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication of a package used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity Reuse of products such as refillable glass bottles reusable plastic food storage containers or refurbished wood pallets is considered to be source reduction not recycling

Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting) For recovered products recovery equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (eg glass cullet old newspapers) plus net exports (if any) of the material Thus recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC If recovery as reported by a data source includes converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery estimates in this report Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this report For some materials additional uses such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used to make insulation are added into the recovery totals

Combustion of MSW with energy recovery often called ldquowaste-to-energyrdquo is estimated in Chapter 3 of this report Combustion of separated materialsndashwood and rubber from tiresndashis included in the estimates of combustion with energy recovery in this report

Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting) These discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled although some MSW is littered stored or disposed onsite or burned onsite particularly in rural areas No good estimates for these other disposal practices are available but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small

For the analysis of municipal solid waste products are divided into three basic categories durable goods nondurable goods and containers and packaging The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally follow the definitions of the US Department of Commerce

Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more Products in this category include major and small appliances furniture and furnishings carpets and rugs tires lead-acid batteries consumer electronics and other miscellaneous durables

Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years Products in this category include newspapers books magazines office papers directories mail other commercial printing tissue paper and towels paper and plastic plates and cups trash bags disposable diapers clothing and footwear towels sheets and pillowcases other nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables

Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased Products in this category include bottles containers corrugated boxes milk cartons folding cartons bags sacks and wraps wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 35: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Books

Bags and sacks

Paper plates and cups

Other packaging

Magazines

Commercial printing

Tissue paper and towels

Other papers

Standard mail

Office-type papers

Gable topaseptic and folding cartons

NewspapersMechanical Papers

Corrugated boxes

million tons

Figure 2 Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW 2012

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 36: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

mill

ion tons

Figure 3 Paper and paperboard generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 40

30

20

10

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 37: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 4 Glass products generated in MSW 2012

Durable goods

Beer amp soft drink bottles

Wine amp liquor bottles

Other bottles amp jars

Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water teas flavored drinksand ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails

000 100 200 300 400 500

million tons

600

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 38: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

8

mill

ion

tons

Figure 5 Glass generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

12

14

16

18

lion tons

Generation

0

2

4

6

8

mil

Recovery

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 39: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Nondurables

Packaging

Durables

million tons

Figure 6 Metal products generated in MSW 2012

Ferrous metals Aluminum Other nonferrous

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 40: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

m

illio

nto

ns

mil l

ion tons

Figure 7 Metals generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Generation

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 41: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Other containers

PET bottles amp jars andHDPE natural bottles

Bags sacks and wraps

Other packaging

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

million tons

Figure 8 Plastics products generated in MSW 2012

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 42: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 9 Plastics generation and recovery 1960 to 2012

16

20

24

28

32

mill

ion tons Generation

0

4

8

12

Recovery

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 43: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 10 Generation of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food

Yard Trimmings

All other

Paper

Glass

Metals

Plastics

Food

All other includes primarily wood rubber and leather and textiles

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 44: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 11 Recovery and discards of materials in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Discards including

Recovery

Generation

Discards including combustion with energy recovery

Generation minus recovery = discards

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 45: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Food waste Other Wood 57 20

Plastics 32

28

Glass 37

Paper amp paperboard Metals 512 88

Yard trimmings 226

In percent by weight of total recovery

Figure 12 Materials recovery in MSW 2012 8662 Million tons

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 46: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Glass

Figure 13 Materials generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 34

Food waste 145

Paper amp paperboard

274

Yard trimmings 135

Glass 46

Wood 63 Metals

89

Rubber leather amp Plastics textiles 127 87

Generation (25089 Million tons)

Paper amp

43 Other

paperboard 148 Food waste

211

Glass 51

Metals 90

Yard trimmings 87

Plastics Wood 176 82

Rubber leather amp textiles 112

Discards (16427 Million tons) Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 47: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 14 Generation of products in MSW 1960 to 2012

mill

ion tons

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food Waste

Yard Trimmings

Other Wastes

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers amp Packaging

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 48: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Textiles 198

Paper amp Rubber amp leather paperboard

20 596

Plastics 127

Generation (5134 Million tons)

90

Textiles

90

248 Paper amp paperboard

445

Rubber amp leather 30

Plastics 187

Discards (3407 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 15 Nondurable goods generated and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation and discards)

Other 59

Other

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 49: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

paper oar

Wood other 132

Paper amp Plastics paperboard 183

505

Metals

Glass

Generation (7523 Million tons)

Wood other Plastics 62

49

Metals 55

55

125

Glass 83

Paper amp b dpaperboard

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Wood other 207

Paper amp paperboard

746

249

Glass 169

Plastics 326 Metals

49 Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

Figure 16 Containers and packaging materials generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 50: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Packaging W ood Packaging 1

Plastic Bags Sacks 13 W raps

5 HDPE Bottles shy

Corrugated Natural

Cardboard 1

39 Aluminum Packaging 3

Steel Packaging 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 3 Glass W ine ampLiquor

Bottles 2

PET Bottles ampJars 4

Other Plastic Packaging

Glass Beer amp Soft Non-Corrugated 6 Other Plastic Paper Packaging Drink Bottles Containers 11 7 2

Generation (7523 Million tons)

HDPE Bottles shyPlastic Bags Sacks W ood Packaging Natural

6 Steel Packaging 4

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars 1

Glass W ine ampLiquor

Aluminum Packaging 2

1 W raps

1

Bottles PET Bottles

2 amp Jars

2

Other Plastic Containers

1 Glass Beer amp Soft

Drink Bottles Corrugated 6 Cardboard

69

Corrugated Cardboard

7

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

18

Glass Beer amp Soft Drink Bottles

9

Other Plastic Containers

4

Other Plastic Packaging

12 PET Bottles amp Jars

5 Glass W ine amp Liquor

Bottles 3

Other Glass Bottles amp Jars

5

Steel Packaging 2

Aluminum Packaging 3

HDPE Bottles shyNatural

2

Plastic Bags Sacks W raps

9

W ood Packaging 20

Miscellaneous Packaging

1

Discards (3648 Million tons)

Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery

69

Non-Corrugated Paper Packaging

5

Recovery (3875 Million tons)

Figure 17 Containers and packaging generated recovered and discarded in municipal solid waste 2012

(In percent of total generation recovery and discards)

Miscellaneous

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 51: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Backyard Increased Other Combustion composting reuse changes in with energy grasscycling use patterns recovery

Changes in Changes in Changes in Recovery for package purchasing industrial recycling (including design habits practices composting)

LandfillOther disposal

SOURCE REDUCTION

WASTE REDUCTION

Figure 18 Diagram of solid waste management

Generation of waste for

management

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 52: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 19 States With Bottle Deposit Rules

Source Container Recycling Institute 2011

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 53: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 20 Estimated MRF throughput 2012 (Tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ayt

hro

ug

hput

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 54: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 21 Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2012 (tons per day per million persons)

100

200

300

400

500

600

tonsd

ay t

hro

ughput

per

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau Governmental Advisory Associates Inc Data provided July 2011

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 55: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 22 MSW composting capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per day per million persons)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

Northeast South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau BioCycle November 2011 Medina County Ohio and West Wendover Nevada websites

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 56: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

num

ber

of fa

cili

ties

Figure 23 Yard trimmings composting facilities 2012 (In number of facilities)

Northeast South Midwest West

Source Internet search includes data for 47 states and the District of Columbia

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 57: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Figure 24 Municipal waste-to-energy capacity 2012 (Capacity in tons per million persons)

Northeast Northeast South Midwest West South Midwest West

Source US Census Bureau December 2012 Energy Recovery Council (ERC) December 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

tonsd

ay c

apacity p

er

mill

ion p

ers

ons

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 58: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

0

200

400

600

800

num

ber

of la

ndfills

Figure 25 Number of landfills in the US 2012

Northeast South Midwest West

Source BioCycle October 2010 Latest report available

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 59: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

mill

ion tons

Figure 26 Municipal solid waste management 1960 to 2012

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Recovery of the composting component of recycling

Recovery for recycling

Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill other disposal

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 60: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

Appendix A

Municipal Solid WasteGeneration Recycling and Disposal in the

United States Facts and Figures

Consumer Electronics Methodology

February 2014

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 61: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Summary

Consumer electronic products include electronic products used in residences and

commercial establishments such as businesses and institutions Consumer electronics include

video and audio equipment and information products Video products include standard

televisions (TV) projection TV high density TV liquid crystal display TV VCR decks

camcorders laserdisc players and digital versatile disc players (DVD) Audio products include

rack audio systems compact audio systems portable compact discs (CD) portable headset

audio total CD players and home radios Information products include cordlesscorded

telephones mobile telephones telephone answering machines facsimile (fax) machines

personal computers computer printers computer monitors modems and fax modems Certain

other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded because of data

limitations

Consumer electronic generation is estimated by calculating the annual apparent

consumption Apparent consumption equals US manufacturer shipments plus US imports

minus US exports Consumer electronics are categorized as durables with an estimated average

useful life of 3 to 23 years depending on the product (see the table below) Therefore current

year generation is based on a rolling average of previous yearrsquos shipments The year in which a

particular electronic item enters the municipal solid waste stream is determined from the

estimated life span of the item Average weights for consumer electronics were estimated after

collecting information from retail websites consumer electronic magazines and weighing

available items

The generation methodology combines data from two sources for domestic shipments

(1) The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and (2) the US Department of Commerce

trade data CEA data reflect shipments of consumer electronics to retail outlets The US Census

Bureaursquos Current Industrial Reports include trade data (shipments imports and exports) from

the US Department of Commerce

The methodology for estimating electronics recovery follows the methodology used in

the EPA report ldquoElectronics Waste Management in the United States Through 2009rdquo May 2011

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 62: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

State level data collected from 31 state agency websites represented about 68 percent of the US

population in 2011 To fill in the two data gaps (1) states without data and (2) commercial

recovery missed from the statesrsquo reporting mechanism similar assumptions used in the May 2011

report were applied

Per capita factors developed from available data applied to population in states without

data were used to estimate recovery in states where data were not identified

The assumption to estimate the commercial recovery missed by the statesrsquo data collection

efforts is that commercial recovery accounts for 67 percent of total recovery This assumption is

applied to the statesrsquo residential data to estimate commercial recovery (ie residential

recovery33 ndash residential recovery = commercial recovery)

Figure is a flow chart illustrating estimates of consumer electronics discards Each block

of the diagram contains a reference number corresponding to the following remarks

1 Domestic shipments of consumer electronics

2 Net imports of consumer electronics

3 Apparent consumption of consumer electronics = domestic shipments of

consumer electronics (1) + net imports of consumer electronics (2)

4 Temporary diversion based on estimated useful life for consumer electronics

Estimated Life of Selected Consumer Electronics (in years)

Temporary Diversion

Primary and Secondary Use

Video Products

Direct View Color T V 7 - 23

Projection T V 7 - 15

HDTV 7 - 23

LCD Color T V 9 - 15

Plasma 7 - 15

TVVCR Combination 10 - 12

Videocassette Players 7 - 10

VCR Decks DVD Players Camcorders 7 - 10

Audio Products

Home and Portable Audio Products 3 - 15

Home Information Products

Mobile Telephones 3 - 7

CordlessCorded T elephones 3 - 8

Telephone Answering Machines 3 - 8

Fax Machines 3 - 8

Personal Computers 3 - 18

Personal Computers Laptop 2 - 8

Computer Printers 4 - 14

Aftermarket Computer Monitors 5 - 13

Personal Computers Monitors - Flat panel 3 - 14

Keyboards 3 - 6

Mouse Devices 3 - 6

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012
Page 63: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ... · Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012 U.S. Environmental

5 Generation of consumer electronics = apparent consumption of consumer

electronics adjusted for temporary diversion based useful life

6 Recovery of consumer electronics

7 Discards of consumer electronics = generation of consumer electronics (5) ndash

recovery of consumer electronics (6)

Data Gaps

bull Certain other electronic products such as separate audio components are excluded

because of data limitations

bull Some newer electronic products such as GPS units and tablets have not been

added to the product list Data availability is unknown

bull Recovery data are not available for all states

bull Most state agency accounting of recovery does not include recovery through the

commercial sector

Apparent Consumption of

Consumer Electronics

(3)

Temporary Diversion for

Consumer Electronics

(4)

Generation of Consumer

Electronics

(5)

Recovery of Consumer

Electronics

(6)

Discards of Consumer

Electronics

(7)

Domestic Shipments of

Consumer Electronics

(1)

Net Imports of Consumer

Electronics

(2)

Figure 1 Material Flow Methodology Consumer Electronics

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Municipal Solid WasteŁGeneration Recycling and Disposal in theŁUnited States Facts and FiguresŁ
    • Consumer Electronics MethodologyŁFebruary 2014Ł
      • Copy of Fig 8 Plasticspdf
        • Fig 8
          • Copy of Fig 6 Metalspdf
            • Fig 6
              • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                • 2012
                  • Copy of Fig 2 Paperpdf
                    • 2012