Multiple Allelic Traits - cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com€¦ · Sex-Linked Traits Human’s have 23 pairs...
Transcript of Multiple Allelic Traits - cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com€¦ · Sex-Linked Traits Human’s have 23 pairs...
Multi-Allelic Traits
1. Blood Type
iA, iB, iAB, & iO
2. Skin Color
3. Eye Color
4. Hair Color
Mitosis v Meiosis
aka…Battle of the -Osis-es
Mitosis
1. Asexual
2. Body cells (occurs in all organisms)
3. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. Results in two daughter cells.
5. New cells have normal number of
chromosomes (2N-diploid)
6. New cells fully functional.
Meiosis
1. Sexual
2. Gametes (animals and plants)
3. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase…twice!
4. Results in four daughter cells.
5. New cells w/ ½ normal number of
chromosomes (N-haploid).
6. New cells need to combine with another gamete before
they’re fully functional.
Sex-Linked Traits
Human’s have 23 pairs of chromosomes…46.
Pair number 23 determines the sex of the
person. XX=girl…XY=boy.
These are traits that are only on one of the sex
chromosomes in the 23rd pair (the X or Y).
Many traits and disorders are recessive. This
means that if a female gets the recessive trait on
one X chromosome…she has a chance to get
the dominant allele on the other X chromosome,
which cancels it out. If you’re a guy and it’s on
your X…you got it! Period! Sorry guys.
Examples of Sex-Linked Traits
Colorblindness
a problem with the color-sensing cones in the retina of the eye.
You can’t see certain colors
Red/Green-most common
Blue Yellow
Achromatopsia-see greys only
Hemophilia
Blood lacks clotting
factor, most of which
are produced in the
liver.
Type A and
B…different factors
are missing.
Genetic Disorders 1. Down Syndrome: aka Trisomy 21.
Caused by an extra chromosome (or part
of one) at the 21st pair.
• Chromosomes do not properly separate
during meiosis (nondisjunction).
1. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome:
XXY syndrome. Also from meiotic
nondisjunction.
2. Turner’s Syndrome: females missing one
x chromosome.
3. Sickle-Cell Anemia: mutation of a single
nucleotide. There’s a GTG where a
GAG should be. That’s it…one little
change. It’s on the short part of
chromosome 11…in case you’re lookin’.
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal Recessive (that means NOT on a sex chromosome).
On the #7 chromosome.
Prevents proper formation of a protein that is involved in lung and digestive system function.
Mucous builds up and this creates an environment where bacteria thrive.
Pedigrees
Try to Create this one based upon
the following case study
Jim and Cindi have three kids: 1 boy and 2 girls.
Girl #1 appears healthy.
Girl #2 and Boy have empty-head syndrome (a recessive trait ee).
Cindi’s dad has EHS but Cindi does not.
Jim and his parents don’t have symptoms.
Jim’s grandfather on his mom’s side had EHS.