Multicast ad hoc networks Multicast in ad hoc nets Multicast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting...
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Transcript of Multicast ad hoc networks Multicast in ad hoc nets Multicast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting...
Multicast ad hoc Multicast ad hoc networksnetworks
Multicast in ad hoc netsMulticast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting in wired networksReview of Multicasting in wired networks Tree based wireless multicastTree based wireless multicast Mesh based wireless multicast – ODMRPMesh based wireless multicast – ODMRP Performance comparisonPerformance comparison
Scalable multicastScalable multicast M-LANMARM-LANMAR Backbone Backbone
Reliable, congestion controlled multicastReliable, congestion controlled multicast RALM, RALM with M-LANMARRALM, RALM with M-LANMAR
LANMARLANMAR Key insight: Key insight: nodes move in teams/swarmsnodes move in teams/swarms Each team is mapped into aEach team is mapped into a logical subnet logical subnet IP-like Node addressIP-like Node address = <subnet, host> = <subnet, host> Address compatible with IPv6Address compatible with IPv6 Team leaderTeam leader (Landmark) (Landmark) elected in each group elected in each group
Logical SubnetLogical Subnet
LandmarkLandmark
Scalable Ad hoc multicastingScalable Ad hoc multicasting
Multicast (ie, transmit same message to all Multicast (ie, transmit same message to all member of a group) critical in battlefieldmember of a group) critical in battlefield
““Multiple unicast” does not scaleMultiple unicast” does not scale Current ad hoc multicast solutions:Current ad hoc multicast solutions:
inappropriateinappropriate They do not exploit affinity team modelThey do not exploit affinity team model multicast tree approach is “fragile” to multicast tree approach is “fragile” to
mobility;mobility; no congestion control; no reliable end to end no congestion control; no reliable end to end
deliverydelivery Proposed approach:Proposed approach:
TEAM MulticastTEAM Multicast
swarmswarm
Command postCommand post
Swarm Swarm LeaderLeader
UAVs: - equipped with video, chemical sensors - read data from ground sensors - “fuse” sensor data inputs - multicast fused data to other teams
Team Multicasting
Multicast exampleMulticast example
Attack!
Attack!
Attack!
Attack!
Attack!
Command Post
All TaskForce Nodes
Two-tier team multicast: Two-tier team multicast: Multicast-Enabled Landmark Multicast-Enabled Landmark
(M-LANMAR) (M-LANMAR) Extension of LANMAR enabling Extension of LANMAR enabling
multicastmulticast Inter-teamInter-team communication: communication: unicastunicast
tunneling tunneling from the source to the from the source to the representative of each subscribed representative of each subscribed team team
Intra-teamIntra-team communication: scoped communication: scoped floodingflooding within a team within a team
Source node
LM2
LM3
Subscribed Teams
LM4
Tunneling to landmarksFlooding
Flooding
Scope = 2
Scope = 2
M-LANMAR
Advantages of M-LANMARAdvantages of M-LANMAR
Reduced control traffic Reduced control traffic overheadoverhead Scalable to Scalable to thousandsthousands of nodes of nodes Enhanced Enhanced Congestion controlCongestion control and and
ReliabilityReliability (because of (because of TCPTCP control on control on unicast tunnels)unicast tunnels)
M-LANMAR multicastM-LANMAR multicast
ScalabilityScalability
Objective: test M-LANMAR scalabilityObjective: test M-LANMAR scalability Compared withCompared with
ODMRPODMRP Flooding Flooding
Simulation EnvironmentSimulation Environment QualNetQualNet 1000 nodes 1000 nodes forming forming 36 teams36 teams on on 6000 x 6000 m6000 x 6000 m22 field field CBR traffic (CBR traffic (512 bytes512 bytes/packet, 1packet/sec)/packet, 1packet/sec)
Simulation ResultsSimulation Results
As the number of multicast groups increasesAs the number of multicast groups increases M-LANMAR achieves M-LANMAR achieves high delivery ratiohigh delivery ratio (by (by
unicast tunneling and flooding)unicast tunneling and flooding) ODMRP suffers from large control overhead ODMRP suffers from large control overhead
and collisionsand collisions
Multiple Unicast v.s. Mesh Multiple Unicast v.s. Mesh StructureStructure
Builds a mesh Builds a mesh between landmarksbetween landmarks Load BalancingLoad Balancing Better ReliabilityBetter Reliability
source
landmark
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
2 m/s 10 m/s 15 m/s 20 m/s
Mobility (meter/sec)
Deliv
ery
Ratio
Team Multicast-Multiple Uni Team Mutlicast-MESH
Enhanced Scalability Enhanced Scalability with with a Mobile Backbonea Mobile Backbone
• Multicast across Large systems of swarms does not scale well• excessive
protocol overhead
• Long paths break
• Swarms separate
• Enter Mobile Backbone!
src
dst
Simulation studySimulation study - swarm motion - swarm motion
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mobility (Group movement Speed)
Pack
et D
elive
ry Ra
io
ODMRP w/ BB Flat ODMRP
Implemented in QualNet 3.6Implemented in QualNet 3.6 Total 300 nodes over a 5000 Total 300 nodes over a 5000
x 5000 field: x 5000 field: 20 candidate backbone nodes20 candidate backbone nodes 14 swarms, 20 ground nodes 14 swarms, 20 ground nodes
in each swarmin each swarm Traffic generated from Traffic generated from
single source to single source to 30 receivers 30 receivers across different groupsacross different groups
BandwidthBandwidth Allocation - Allocation - backbone/ground: 1Mbps backbone/ground: 1Mbps flat network: 2Mbpsflat network: 2Mbps
Mobile backbone sMobile backbone significantignificantlyly improve improves s delivery in swarm/group motiondelivery in swarm/group motion
Simulation studySimulation study - random - random roamingroaming
Backbone network Backbone network improvements for random improvements for random motion even higher than with swarmsmotion even higher than with swarms
Random distribution of Random distribution of 500 nodes 500 nodes oon n a a 550000x50000x50000 fieldfield
Nodes move randomlyNodes move randomly Ground network is dense Ground network is dense
and connectedand connected Single multicast group: Single multicast group:
one source, one source, 30 receivers30 receivers BandwidthBandwidth Allocation - Allocation -
backbone/ground:1Mbsbackbone/ground:1Mbs flat network: 2Mbpsflat network: 2Mbps
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
5 10 20 30 40
Mobility (node speed)
Pack
et D
eliv
ery
Ratio
ODMRP w/ BB flat ODMRP
Conclusions and Future WorkConclusions and Future Work M-LANMAR is a M-LANMAR is a scalablescalable multicast protocol multicast protocol
designed for large ad-hoc networks with designed for large ad-hoc networks with affinity affinity teamteam model model
Backbone Enhanced multicast:Backbone Enhanced multicast: Backbone + ODMRPBackbone + ODMRP achieves better achieves better
scalability than flat ODMRP (delivery ratio scalability than flat ODMRP (delivery ratio increases up to 50%)increases up to 50%)
Related workRelated work Coexistence of LANMAR and BackboneCoexistence of LANMAR and Backbone Impact of mobility (random, team, etc)Impact of mobility (random, team, etc) Mobility and traffic correlationMobility and traffic correlation Delay tolerant appls; “data ferrying”Delay tolerant appls; “data ferrying”