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Transcript of multi standard multi-band receivers for wireless applications
Multi-Standard / Multi-Band Receivers for Wireless Applications
Prepared by: Eng. Hossam Elsayed A. Fadeel
Under Supervision :Dr. Mohammed Elnozahi
Ain-Shams University - 2011
Outlines
Motivation Wireless Communications — an Overview Multi-Oriented wireless applications Why Multi-Standard Receivers? Multi-standard challenges and solutions Software Defined Radio Technology
Challenges What is Next? References
Modern technologies are putting people together in a small world where everyone can easily find a way to stay connected with each other.
Motivation
In the last three decades, the evolution of telecommunication technologies has been going through three different generations of mobile networking, and a fourth generation is forthcoming. At the same time, the new Internet-based wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, are increasingly seen deployed in our everyday life.
Concerned scholars and development groups are showing their attraction to these communication advances by enhancing the multi-standard terminals that simultaneously support voice calls, positioning and navigation activities, high quality video and audio streaming, and large size data transmission.
Motivation
Reconfigurable devices for combined signal paths are technology enablers for Multi band, Multi mode, Software Radio and Multi standard Radios.
Features for future multi-radio devices: Cellular: GSM/WCDMA/… Wireless broadband: WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/… Short range connectivity: BT & UWB Positioning: GPS/Galileo Broadcast/TV: DVB-H
Design considerations: Architecture and system partitioning Power management IP blocks and interfaces
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Motivation
WCDMA/GSM
BT/WLAN
UWB
WCDMA diversity
WLAN diversity
DVB-H
GPS/GALILEO
Wireless Communications—an Overview
Wireless Evolution
1973Analog voice
2009Voice + 3.6 Mbps data + GPS+ Full Internet browsing+ Multimedia messaging+ Multimedia entertainment+ …………..
Wireless Technology Overview
Cellular Wireless System Evolution
24 Jun., '09
Generation
Comments Systems
1G •Analog speech communications•FDMA
AMPS
2G •Digital modulation of speech communications•Advanced security and roaming•TDMA/narrowband CDMA
GSMIS-95PDC
3G •International Mobile Telecommunications(IMT)-2000 introduced 3G global standard.•Global harmonization/roaming and widebandCDMA
UMTS/WCDMACDMA2000TD-SCDMA
4G •Systems beyond IMT-2000 (IMT-Advanced) tointroduce evolutionary path beyond 3G.•Mobile class targets 100 Mbps and nomadic/local area class targets 1 Gbps.
3GPP LTE3GPP2 UMBWiMAX
Mark: From 1- low/worse to 5- high/best
RATs / Standards Features / Performances
Main Legacy Radio Access Technologies
The up-to-date overview of radio access technologies in the mobility / data rate plane is presented in Figure below.
Ref: WiSOA “Data Rates for Wireless Technologies” - http://www.wisoa.net/site/
Multi – Function Multi – Carrier Multi – Band Multi – Standard Multi – Mode
Multi-Oriented wireless applications
These include a large range of modes for cellular (2G–2.5G–3G and further), WLAN (802.11a/b/g/n), WPAN (Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.), broadcasting (DAB, DVB, DMB, etc.), and positioning (GPS, Galileo) functionalities.
Multi – Function
Multi-function devices can be characterized by an execution of many functions on a single platform. Such a terminal operates with voice, data, and multimedia applications in the same time.
Multi – Carrier
Multi-carrier based systems are able to provide an independent transmission or reception for many channels simultaneously.
Multi – Band
Multi-band devices have been supported since digital transmission standards appeared in different countries. Each country can allocate some particular dedicated frequency band in its frequency range. Thus, for example GSM can work at 900 and 1800 MHz, UMTS can be compatible with most of the existed frequency bands
Multi-band, single standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) R99.- 2.5/3.5 GHz: WiMAX according to the IEEE 802.16e standard.
Multi – Standard
Multi-standard oriented systems operate with a set of integrated technologies. They can be performed in different hardware units and connected by buses.
For example, recent mobile devices that include cellular standards such GSM or UMTS , and at the same time a user can activate Bluetooth to lunch WPAN, or start satellite navigation system (global position system GPS).
Also many terminals are able to support the Wi-Fi technology from the IEEE 802.11 standards family.
Multi-standard / Multi-band
• Multi-band, single standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) R99.- 2.5/3.5 GHz: WiMAX according to the IEEE 802.16e standard.• Multi-standard within one frequency band:- 2.1 GHz: UMTS R99, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), HSDPA enhancements, High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) and the introduction of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) in Third Generation (3G) systems.• Multi-band, multi-standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: UMTS R99, HSDPA evolution, 3G OFDM.- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz / 3.5 GHz: UMTS R99, HSDPA evolution, 3G OFDM, WiMAX.
Multi – Mode
Multi-mode unit is n accumulation of different standards that operate in many frequency bands it can deliver and to be reconfigured into every imaginable operating mode, in order to comply with the requirements of all existing and even upcoming communication standards.
Therefore, the multi-mode terminal is the multiband and multi-standard device.
Why Multi-Standard Transceivers?
Why Multi-Standard Transceivers* ?
Different wireless scenarios and the connectivity options they provide.
* Ref 2
Why Multi-Standard Receivers* ?
Scenario: Coexistence of different wireless systems of
different generations. User point of view:
Need of portable terminals able to use different wireless standards without the user having to bother: Finding the available services Carrying different kinds of terminals
* Ref 2
Why Multi-Standard Receivers* ?
Engineering point of view: Programmable hardware that reuses blocks
in order to save area and power ⇒ Multi-standard capability and portability.
Why is it challenging? Because all these standards have been
conceived independently ⇒ The hardware architectures that suit them best are very different.
* Ref 2
Trend
The Rx Budget Problem:
Classical (single-standard) Rx budget problem:
How to distribute the requirements among the different blocks
of the Rx so that standard specs are met?
How to deal with the parameter interdependencies?
What Rx architecture suits best the target cost functions? Complicated by the Multi-standard case:
What blocks should be programmable and what blocks should be duplicated?
Is there any standard that should have an independent signal path?
Trend
One of the most critical challenges to overcome in the design of multi-standard terminals for mobile and personal communication systems is to find the maximum number of commonalties amongst the different wireless standards of interest to allow the highest possible degree of integration, under the constraints of low voltage and low power consumption.
The starting point in the design process of multi-standard terminals is to set up a common system architecture capable of implementing various standards and supporting higher levels of system integration of both the radio and the digital baseband parts.
Multi-standard challenges and solutions
Multi-standard challenges and solutions
Multi-Standard Re-configuration Architectures: One bit re-configuration Software Defined Radio Re-configuration by
parameterization
Even in the single standard case, the level of complexity of a wireless communications receiver is enormous.
Multi-standard challenges and solutions
The software defined radio The vision is to have a generic hardware which
can be programmed to any radio standard. Programmable baseband
Single hardware gives very large cost reductions.Single radio in multistandard terminals:GSM+3G+DECT/WLAN (UMA) for cell,WLAN+WiMAX+EDGE+3G for laptop,DVB-T+DVB-H+DAB for entertainment terminals
Multi-standard challenges and solutions
Radio challenges ADC perspective RF filter and LNA
Not M
y Ta
rget
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
Multi-standard challenges and solutions
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
The SDR forum defines SDR as a “radio in which some or all of the physical layer functions are software defined . ”
According to the SDR Forum, the software radio development has five levels: Zero level First level Second level Third level Fourth level
SDR Functionality Features
Reconfigurability Interoperability Flexibility Modularity Upgradeability
SDR Functionality Features SDR nature allows to the MT not only reuse the
recourses of system but also update them by means of downloading a new version. This feature requires to have the libraries to store different updates.
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
The general block scheme of data processing based on SDR technology is depicted in Figure below
RF section is essentially analog hardwareIF and BB are digital
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
Nowadays the terminal structure for the PHY layer is based on digital signal processors (DSP) , field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and general-purpose processors (GPP). All these technology provide a high quality support for the digital baseband functions implementation.
Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges
Implementation Operations can be implemented with ASIC,
FPGA, DSP Each has its benefits and drawbacksDigital part, uses
GPP+DSP+FPGA – very expensive in powerSolution: application specific DSP
In the next session we will go more deep in the Digital Hardware Choices for SDR.The Upcoming Sessions:SDR Architecture in more details.Also we will Study the needed standard for our application.
What is Next?
References
1. “MULTI-MODE/MULTI-BAND RF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS”
2. “Automated Receiver Design and Optimization for 4G Wireless Communication Systems” by Delia Rodríguez de Llera González, Ana Rusu, Mohammed Ismail
3. “MULTI-STANDARD CMOS WIRELESS RECEIVERS: Analysis and Design” by XIAOPENG LI, Mohammed Ismail
4. “Wireless Communication Circuits and Systems” by Yichuang Sun
5. “SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO: A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR MULTI-STANDARD BASE STATIONS” alcatel Technical Paper
6. “RECONFIGURABLE AND REPROGRAMMABLE MULTI-STANDARD MOBILE TERMINAL BASEBAND LEVEL BASED ON SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO MODULE FOR WIMAX AND UMTS PROTOCOLS” by Olga Zlydareva
7. “SOFTWARE RADIO APPROACH FOR RE-CONFIGURABLE MULTI-STANDARD RADIOS “ by Jörg Brakensiek1, Bernhard Oelkrug1, Martin Bücker1, Dirk Uffmann1, A. Dröge1, M. Darianian1, Marius Otte2
8. “Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering” by Jeffrey H. Reed
Thank You For Your attention