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![Page 1: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoonof Desert and Monsoon
Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoonof Desert and Monsoon
PAGES 2nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010
Guoxiong WuGuoxiong Wu
Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan, and Xiaoyun LiangYimin LIU, Anmin Duan, and Xiaoyun Liang
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics (Dynamics (LASGLASG))Institute of Atmospheric Physics (Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAPIAP))
Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCAS), Beijing), Beijing
Guoxiong WuGuoxiong Wu
Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan, and Xiaoyun LiangYimin LIU, Anmin Duan, and Xiaoyun Liang
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics (Dynamics (LASGLASG))Institute of Atmospheric Physics (Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAPIAP))
Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCAS), Beijing), Beijing
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Ann. Geophys., 27, 1–14, 2009www.ann-geophys.net/27/1/2009/
Annales Geophysicae //www.annales-geophysicae.net/angeo keywords.pdf
Multi-scale forcing and the formation of subtropical desert and monsoonG. X. Wu, Y. Liu, X. Zhu, W. Li, R. Ren, A. Duan, and X. Liang
Correspondence to: Y. Liu ([email protected])
![Page 3: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Theories on the formation of deserts
1.Tradition— The descending arm of the Hadley Circulation
2. Charney— Bio-Geo local positive feedback
3. Rodwell & Hoskins— Monsoon Remote driven
4. Our view —Monsoon and Desert Coexist as a twin system
due to concurrent multi-scale forcing
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet ClimateLocal Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet Climate
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
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E
N
Z
Vorticity Equ.z
wfv
yv
xu
t
)(
steady
steady
Subtro.:Subtro.: ,0u .0/ y
z
wfv
z
v
fw
W determined by the W determined by the
vertical shear of vvertical shear of vW determined by the W determined by the
vertical shear of vvertical shear of v
Thermal adaptation- heat Thermal adaptation- heat sourcesource
LOSECOD Quadruplet Heating
HEATING
A
C
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COOLING
C
A
E
N
Z
z
v
fw
Thermal adaptation- heat Thermal adaptation- heat sinksink
LOSECOD Quadruplet Heating
![Page 7: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Winter:
Source-ocean; sink-land
Summer:
Source-land; sink-ocean
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北美大陆 欧亚大陆
Asymmetry: Eastern Ascent/descent stronger than the western one
N. Amer. EurAsia
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
A
C
A
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing –Sea breezeLocal Scale Forcing –Sea breeze
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
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1000 hPa velocity potential (shaded ) in unit of 106 m2/s and divergent
wind component (arrow) in unit of m/s (1980-1997)
Jan.
July
a)
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet ClimateLocal Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet Climate
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
![Page 12: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LO
.0
;00
0
QV
g
dpQ
p
SE
.0
;00
0
QV
g
dpQ
p
D
.0
;00
0
QV
g
dpQ
p
CO
.0
;00
0
QV
g
dpQ
p
LO SE CO SE CO
N.Pacific-ON.Atlan-O
LO DD
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Vertical-integrated dominant heating “LOSECOD” quadruplet heating
LO SH CO DD
LOSECOD Quadruplet Heating
LongwaveLongwave
Rad coolingRad cooling
LongwaveLongwave
Rad coolingRad cooling
SensibleSensible
HeatingHeating
SensibleSensible
HeatingHeating
CondensationCondensation
HeatingHeating
CondensationCondensation
HeatingHeating
Double DominantDouble Dominant
HeatingHeating
Double DominantDouble Dominant
HeatingHeating
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σ
σ
a)
b)
LO SE CO D
LO SE CO D
Kd-1
Eurasian Continent / 欧亚大陆
N. America / 北美大陆
![Page 15: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
10-11-
zzz
10 10
QfVfvVt )0(,)()(/ 1
10mm d-1~2.5*10-5 Ks-1, maximum heating layer ZM~300-400mb,
Q~ 10-4 Ks-1 for z< ZM, but 10-5 Ks-1 for z> ZM
).0()(0
)(0)(11
z
M
Mzz Zz
ZzQf
Northerlies are forced above ZM; southerlies are forced below ZM.
Thermal Adaptation
- Sverdrup balance
1( ) , ( 0)z z zv f Q
Why?
![Page 16: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
a)
c)
bb)
DCOSELO SELO CO D
LOSECOD
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a)
c)
b)
LOSECOD
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Positive Feedback Mechanismheating =》 vor. generation =》 v develops =》 further heating
N
E
Z
N
E
Z
W. continent-
SEE. continent-
CO
z
Q
v Qv
y
VOR. HEATING
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Desert/dry climate is formed over the western continents, whereas monsoon/wet climate is formed over the eastern continents!
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet ClimateLocal Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet Climate
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
![Page 21: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
青藏高原对夏季季风降水的影响
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C
A
Thermal Adaptation- heating
E
N
Z
v
zw
heating
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气压
(h
Pa)
气压
(h
Pa)
Tibetan July
Rockies July
Andes January
v
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++-
- ++-
-
+-
-
-
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July Monsoon/desert Experiment 7月季风降水敏感试验
a) Without mountain
b) With mountain
b) –a)
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a) 60E mountain
b) 90E mountain
July Monsoon/desert Experiment 7月季风降水敏感试验
![Page 27: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
a)
f)
b) e)
d)
c)
V-850mb+R
V-200mb+R
-30oN + W
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet ClimateLocal Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet Climate
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
![Page 29: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Desert and monsoon along the Desert and monsoon along the
subtropics are therefore formed!subtropics are therefore formed!
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Thermal AdaptationThermal Adaptation1
Continental Scale “LOSECOD” HeatingContinental Scale “LOSECOD” Heating
2 Local Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet ClimateLocal Scale Forcing-Dry and Wet Climate
3
Tibetan Plateau Regional Scale ForcingTibetan Plateau Regional Scale Forcing4
Formation of Desert and MonsoonFormation of Desert and Monsoon5
6 SummarySummary
LISTLIST
![Page 31: Multi-Scale Forcing and Formation of Desert and Monsoon PAGES 2 nd Global Monsoon Symposium, Shanghai, Sep. 13-15, 2010 Guoxiong Wu Yimin LIU, Anmin Duan,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b50d91/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SummarySummary
Desert and Monsoon are formed as a twin Desert and Monsoon are formed as a twin systemsystem due to the atmospheric thermal due to the atmospheric thermal adaptation to multi-scale forcing, including:adaptation to multi-scale forcing, including:
•Continental ScaleContinental Scale forcing- forcing-
“LOSECOD”;“LOSECOD”;
•Local ScaleLocal Scale Forcing- Sea- breeze; and Forcing- Sea- breeze; and
•Regional scaleRegional scale forcing- Orography forcing- Orography
SummarySummary
Desert and Monsoon are formed as a twin Desert and Monsoon are formed as a twin systemsystem due to the atmospheric thermal due to the atmospheric thermal adaptation to multi-scale forcing, including:adaptation to multi-scale forcing, including:
•Continental ScaleContinental Scale forcing- forcing-
“LOSECOD”;“LOSECOD”;
•Local ScaleLocal Scale Forcing- Sea- breeze; and Forcing- Sea- breeze; and
•Regional scaleRegional scale forcing- Orography forcing- Orography
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Related Publications
•Wu, Guoxiong and Yimin Liu, 2003: Summertime quadruplet heating pattern in the subtropics and the associated atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 1201, doi:10.1029/2002GL016209, 5_1-4
•Wu, Guoxiong, Yimin Liu, Jianyu Mao, Xin Liu And Weiping Li. 2004: Adaptation of the atmospheric circulation to thermal forcing over the tibetan plateau. Obseervation, Theory And Modeling Of The Atmospheric Variability. Selected Papers Of Nanjing Institute Of Mateorology Alumni In Commemoration Of Professor Jijia
Zhang, Edited By Xun Zhu Etc.World Scientific 92-114.
•YIMIN LIU, GUOXIONG WU, AND RONGCAI REN, 2004: Relationship between the Subtropical
Anticyclone and Diabatic Heating. J. Climate, 2004, 17: 682-698.
•Wu, Guoxiong, Yimin Liu, and Png Liu, 2004: Formation of the summertime subtropical anticyclone. East
Asian Monsoon, Edited by C. P. Chang.World Scientific 499-544. •Xiaoyun Liang, Yimin Liu, and Guoxiong Wu , 2005: The role of land-sea distribution in the formation of ★
the Asian summer monsoon. Geoph. Res. Lett. 32: 10.1029/2004GL021587 •Guoxiong Wu, Yimin Liu, Tongmei Wang, Rijin Wan, …,2007: The Influence of the Mechanical and
Thermal Forcing of the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian Climate. J. Hydrometeorology. 8: 770-789. •WU Guoxiong1, LIU Yimin1,*, YU Jingjing1,2, ZHU Xiaying1,2 and REN Rongcai : Modulation of
Land-Sea Distribution on Air-Sea Interaction and Formation of Subtropical Anticyclones , To appear in Chinese JAS.
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Thank Thank You!You!Thank Thank You!You!