Multi-dimensional measures of Servant-Leaders

Science of Servant-Leadership and Needs in a Global Perspective

© 2010 Dr. Inge Nuijten


Several questions I hope

you’re able to answer…

-How can we recognize servant-leaders?

-How can research help practice? and VV?

-How can research help students? and VV?

-How can research help education? and VV?


“… When an idea becomes popular I have to let go

and move on to something else. But you’ve held

on to the spirit of servant-leadership, you’ve kept

it vague and indefinable, which I think is a great

strategic advantage. People can come every year

to figure out what the hell this is. And by not

answering, they’re forced to come next year…”

Peter Block (ISLC, 2005)


Servant-leadership theory

“Organizational goals will be achieved on a long

term basis only by first facilitating the growth,

development, and general well-being of the

individuals who comprise the organization”

Stone, Russell, & Patterson (2004)


“The servant leader is servant first. It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead.

The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant-first to make sure other people’s highest-priority needs are being served.

The best test is this: Do those served grow as persons;

do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants?”

(Greenleaf, 1970)


Can we define/find key denominators?

What is really important?

What is servant-leadership?


The ‘basic psychological needs’

(Ryan & Deci, 2004):

Autonomie

Binding

Competentie

The best test is…


Self-determination theory

Investigating people’s inherent

growth tendencies and innate

psychological needs that are the basis

of their self-motivation, personality

integration, and personal well-being

(Ryan & Deci, 2000).


Self-determination theory

The basic psychological needs have been related to, i.e.:

- self-esteem, creativity, conceptual learning, and

achievement (Ilies, Morgeson, & Nahrgan, 2005);

- engagement, productivity, and wellness (Ryan & Deci,

2006).

Another universal ‘need’

TRUST


“It is almost impossible to deliver good

performance without trust, because if trust

is gone passion is replaced by fear”

The Role of Trust

Trust is important for different organizational

outcomes: satisfaction, commitment, turnover

intentions, performance (Dirks & Ferrin, 2002).


Leader’s support for self-determination has been linked to

trust (Deci, Connell, & Ryan, 1989).


Interesting to study…

Servant-Leadership

Trust Basic psychological

needs

But…

What is servant-leadership?



Larry Spears

Ten characteristics of servant leadership

1. Listening

2. Empathy

3. Healing

4. Awareness

5. Persuasion

6. Conceptualization

7. Foresight

8. Stewardship

9. Commitment to the growth of people

10. Building community

Available theory and measures…

• Graham, 1990

• Laub, 1999

• Page & Wong, 2000

• Russell & Stone, 2002

• Patterson, 2003

• Ehrhart, 2004

• Dennis & Bocarnea, 2005

• Barbuto & Wheeler, 2006



Empowerment

Empowerment : a motivational concept focused

on enabling people (Conger, 2000),

Showing confidence in the follower’s integrity,

ability and motivation, and attending to the

follower’s feelings and needs (Bass, 2000).

Humility

Humility is the ability to look at one’s own

accomplishments and talents in their proper

perspective (Patterson, 2003).

Rowatt et al. (2006) characterize humility as:

down-to-earth and intellectually open,

respectful, willing to admit imperfections, and a

lack of self-focus or self-serving biases.




Servant-

LeadershipTrust Basic psychological

needs



Humility

Trust

Empowerment

Competence

Relatedness

Autonomy


Results Study 1


Results Study 2

Note. The hypothesized paths are all significant p < .011

Performance?


2 December 2009: Toro Announces

20 Percent Increase in

Regular Quarterly Dividend

Servant-Leadership

Hypothesis

Performance


Results Study 3

F(2, 140) = 3.77,

p= .03, ηp2 = .05


But what is

servant-leadership?


Empowerment

Humility


Accountability


Stewardship


Standing back

"Van een schouderklopje heeft nog nooit iemand

een blessure opgelopen!" _ Foppe de Haan


Authenticity


Forgiveness


“A servant-leader has moral

character, the wisdom to foresee

what’s needed, the ability meet

the needs of others and the

courage to act on that.”


Several questions to discuss

-How can we share our knowledge worldwide?

-How can we improve research? (needs?)

-How can we improve education? (needs?)

-How can we best help society? (needs?)

-How can we best help future generations?

Dank u Dank u welwel!!

AlsAls u (u (onderzoeks)vragenonderzoeks)vragen heeftheeft::

www.ingenuijten.nlwww.ingenuijten.nl

EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@gmail.com


Multi-dimensional measures of Servant-Leaders

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