Muittv o ^fiilogopdf · 2018. 1. 4. · 3. 4. 5. ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES...
Transcript of Muittv o ^fiilogopdf · 2018. 1. 4. · 3. 4. 5. ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES...
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Taxonomy of the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera)
DISSERTATION PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF
Muittv of ^fiilogopd? IN
ZOOLOGY OF
THE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH
BY
Md. Jamal Ahmad
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
AUGARH (INDIA)
1989
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g^*^wir^
DS1489
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D E P A R T M E N T O F Z O O L O G Y ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH—202 002, U.P. (INDIA)
Phones : fUniversity : 285 LPublic : 5646
Seel ions 1. 2. 3 . 4. 5.
ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES AGRICULTURAL IMEMATOLOGY GENETICS Date 7«12,1989
This i s to certify thet '4r» '4dl» Janal Ahmad has eoflpisiaci his t%PhiI« work under mf st^>ervi«ian on a probiata entit led ** Ta^onoof of the fataily PteronalidM (Hfiaenoptera)*** This Is an original eontribtttlon and di&tinet addition to the existing knosirledge on the subject* Being satisfied with the quality «nd quantity of the worl̂ he i s permitted to submit i t for the a««ird at ?^Phil« degree in Zoology of the Aligarh '^slim ^hiversity, Aligarh*
( "t̂ 'Adam ' hafee ) fleader
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CONTENTS
Page
I . ACKN0WLEDG£S1ENTS 1
I I . INTRODUCTION 2
I I I . MATERIAL AND METHOD 5
IV. SUBFA !̂ILY MISCOGASTERINAB. 6
Diagnosis • • • . . . » . 6
Key t o Indian genera of M i s c o g a s t e r i n a e . . . . . 6
1 . G^nus svirtmaiH Mallcer • • 12
Key t o Indian spec ies of s v a t a a i s Walker,.
based on females • • . . . • 12
svataalM oarvula ThtMnaon 14
Sv«taai« ygncltftYnra Faxooql & Menon 14
SYg^arta frCTYJLcotntg «P«" ^̂ SYrtaaia ^aJLfrawia^ «ani le
svattaaia ^enyiffornla waiker le SY?tayl.g d^gyn^uffa? Mani 17
^ ? ^ a a i g ?PH?rt9na4a Walker 19
3 . Genus HaittCOBtCga Spinola 22
telUgggfegfa ifflPftfligna4a Chls t l & s h a f e e . . . . 23
4. Genus Haltigngtflrtnn ^ ^ o s 25 HaltiCQDterina aliaarhenaia sp.n 25
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5 . Genus SPtie^qaatflC S p l n o l a 28
Key to Indian species of SPftgqJqartttr
splnola* based on females* • •••••...• 29
SDheolQaater steplcola Boucek 30
gg^ig^Lqarter qjiflfrrata graham 30 SDheolQaater a l n o u l a r l a sD,n 31
6 . Genus syntomopua Walker 34
syntomoDua I n d a u a Thomson • • • 34
7 . Genus J&jfeQfllXKtoia Masl 35
SiOiQfllXiZSiUa Jaia&£ Maal 35
V. LIST OF PIBROMALZD PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS,
IN INDIA 37
VI. REPBRENCES 39
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Z. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author i s g r e a t l y Indebted t o Or. S. Adam shafee#
Department o£ Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univers i ty , Aligazii^
f o r h i s most valuable guidance, and suggest ions* He i s
a l s o thankful t o Prof. Mumtaz A» Khan, Chairman, Department
of Zoology f o r providing necessary f a c i l i t i e s * Financial
a s s i s t a n c e freyn Indian Council of Agrici i l tural Research,
New Del hi > i s a l s o acknowledged* Thanks are a l s o due t o
t h e lab co l l eagues Or* YUnus M.Khan, Dr* M* Khalid,
Dr* M* Ytigat, Dr* (^ i l s t l , M*S.A*K, Miss Anis Fatima and
Miss Shama Afros , for t h e i r invaluable helps and cooperation*
Last ly»the author wishes t o thank h i s parents , uncle
Dr. Najabat Husain and brother Akhlaq A!tmad f o r t h e i r extr»ae
pat ionce and constant encouragement*
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I I INTRODUCTION
Members of the fa/oLlY Ptezoiaalidae c o n s t i t u t e an
economically important group of miczohymenopterous p a r a s i t e s .
They are known t o p a r a s i t i s e var ious groups of i n s e c t p e s t s
during t h e i r developmental s t a g e s . They Xeep the population
of t h e i r re spec t ive host s p e c i e s under check i n iiature.
Keeping i n v i e v the importance of t h e s e p a r a s i t e s i n bio~
l o g i c a l control of i n s e c t p e s t s i t was decided t o carry out
a plan of c o l l e c t i n g , rearing and i d e n t i f y i n g the paras i t e s
upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l * This has n e c e s s i t a t e d t o v i s i t some
of the important agr icu l tura l areas of the country. The
survey y ie lded a good number of s p e c i e s representing various
subfami l i e s of Pteromalidae. However, i n the present work,
on ly s p e c i e s representing Miscogasterinae have been included.
The family group name Mlscogasterldae was proposed
by Walker (1833) . Porster (1856) named i t as MlscogastJndidae.
Thomson (1878) demoted i t t o the rank of subtr ibe ftt)scogast->
r ides under t h e t r i b e Pteromalina. Ashmead (1904) accepted
t h e family s t a t u s of KLscogasteridae. Kurdyun^v (1913)
divided the funnily Mlscogasteridae i n t o four subfamil ies*
Edparinae, Xjelapinae, Miscogasterinae and Sphegigasterinae.
Mani (1938) and Nikolskaya (1952) a l s o accepted the family
s t a t u s of Mlscogasteridae. They discarded system of d iv id ing
t h e family i n t o «ibf ami l i e s . Peck (1963) denoted the family
Mlscogasteridae t o the rank of t r i b e Miscogasterini under
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t h e 8Ub£«Blly Sph,«9igasterinae of PteromaIi
fami ly under Pteromalldae. However Graham (1969) divided I t
I n t o e i g h t t r l b e s t Brachyacel ldlphaglnl , MLcradellnl,
Mlscogaster in lr PLrenlnl« s p h e g l g a s t e r i n l , Termolamplnl,
Trldynlnl and Trlgonoderlnl ,
Boucc^ eSi aHi, (1978) l i s t e d 20 s p e c i e s z«presentlng
16 g«3era of the sobf t fd ly . ttLacogasterlnae from India .
Important contr ibut ions on the f a u n l s t i e s and taxonomy of
t h e subfamily Mlscogasterinae from Oriental region made by
e a r l i e r workers are as fo l l ows t Ahmad & Manl (1939*)« Ayyar^
(1925*) , Ayyar & Manl (1937*)« Ayyar and Margabandhu (1934*) ,
Bhatnagar (1951*) , Boucek (1973, 1978*) , Boucek ^^ j i . (1978*) ,
Cameron (1891, 1906) , Crawford (1913) , Dutt & FercLere (1961*)«
Farooql (1980*) , Parooql & Menon (1972*, 1973*) , Ferr lere
(1930, 1931, 1939*) , Gahan (1919, 1925) , Howard (1896) , Manl
(1938*. 1939*, 1941*, 1942*) , Manl sSk al* (1973*, 1974*) ,
Masl (1924, 1927) , Naraynan s&. A I - (1957*) , Pruthl 6 Manl
(1940*) , Rooml, sSt Sii* (1973) , Saraswat & Mukerjl, (1975*) ,
Shaxma & Subba Rao (1958*) , Subba Rao (1973, 1981*), Yadav
(1978*).
The present work dea l s with the taxonomy of the sub-
family Mlscogasterinae of the family Pteromalldae. Brief
review on the supragenerlc c a t e g o r i e s as adopted by e a r l i e r
* CDntrlbutlon from India .
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workers I s d i s c u s s e d . Diagnosis and key t o Indian genera
of Mlscogasterinae i s provided. Keys t o Indian s p e c i e s
wherever necessary are g iven . The work i s based on 15
s p e c i e s representing 7 genera of the subfamily Miscogaster! -
nae. Three new s p e c i e s fHalt ieopterina aAAqartenata sp.n.«
SDheaiaaater aipwlnrta sp.n.« SYflliaala lygflYlgornta sp.n.} are f u l l y described and i l l u s t r a t e d . One genus (Haltlcoot^rlna
Erdos) and s i x s p e c i e s (Miscogaster hortens i s Walker*
spheaiaa«ter alabrata Graham* SYHtOfflQWa iflgiaua Thomson*
SYa^flala fflfiYrtoil^Sa Walker* SYatfaa^a saasH^ Thomson*
svataaifl ^mBJCQnriia Walker) are reported f o r the f i r s t t ime
from India . One s p e c i e s (Haltlcopfcera tffiphflienaJLg Chist i &
Shafee) i s described* and one spec ie s fMlaacooaaf r hortenaia
Walker) i s redescribed. Paras i te -host index i s a l s o provided.
The present work i s supported by 66 i l l u s t r a t i d n s arranged
i n seven p la tes*
The types have been deposi ted i n Zoological Museum*
Al igarh Muslim University* Aligarh* India .
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ZII MATERIAL AND METHOD
Important agr i cu l tura l az^aa of Bihar* Madhya Pradesh,
Orissa* Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh were v i s i t e d for c o l l e c -
t i o n and rearing of P a r a s i t e s . Plant parts i n f e s t e d with
host i n s e c t s were cut i / i to p i e c e s and placed i n g l a s s Jars
(4** X 2'*)« The openings of Jars were covered with white
paper held with rubber bands* The samples were d a i l y observed
f o r «aerging paras i tes* Emerged p a r a s i t e s were c o l l e c t e d ami
preserved i n 80X alcohol* A complete record of p lace , date ,
$^a& of t^$t—plant and h o s t - i n s e c t was duly maintained*
Paras i t e s were i d e n t i f i e d upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l under binocular
a i^ miccoscope*
Permanent s l i d e s were prepared t o enable de ta i l ed
study of various parts o f t h e body* A normal process of
dehydration was adopted and c l e a r i n g was done i n c love o i l *
Specifoens were d i s s e c t e d i n c love o i l medium under the b ino -
c u l a r with the help of f ine needles* Dissected parts were
placed i n a drop of Canada balsam on raicroslides, or iented
i n required p o s i t i o n s and were l a i d over by cover s l i p s .
These were then kept i n thermostat f o r f i v e t o s i x days f o r
complete drying* Diagrams of important s tructures were made
with the help of Camera Ludda* Measurement of whole Insec t
as wel l a s d i f f e r e n t s tructures was done with the help of
ocu lar micrometer*
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IV. SUBFAMILY MISCOGASTERINAE Walker
Diagnosiss Body strongly sclerotized with metall ic
reflections# 1.5-3 nro i n lengths heacl tfider than long i n
fac ia l viewi maxillacy anA labia l palpi 4-> and 3-se^pented
respectlvelyi mandibles bidentate# trldentate or quadrldentate;
antennae inserted s l i gh t ly below or above the lower leve l of
eyes« 10-13 segraented, anel l i present; pronotxim sraallf iaeso
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3« Antemtae 11—segmented* with ox^ o r two anel l l# apical
segment of antennal club without spines • • • • • • • •
Qaat raneia tma Msstwood* 1833
> Antwinae lO-segmented with one anellus* f i r s t and t h i r d
funicle amgmwcxta ouch small* apical segm«:tt of antennal
club with 3 spines gg'^«^
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8« Mesosciitum with parapaldal furzxxfs complete^ f ine or
deeply ispressed • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9
- Meaoscutum tdlth parapsidal furrows inconplete. • • • • 12
9 . scutcdlun td.thoirt an c^long inpresslonf propodoum with
or without nucha • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10
«> Scutellun with an c^long impression before frenal gzoove/
propodeum produced as a d i s t inc t nuchal basal abdooainal
t erg l t e large Motoqlvptna Masi* 1917
10. Mesoscutum with parapsidal £urrows deep throughout; basal
abdominal t erg i t e varying i n s i z e • • • • • • • • • • • 1 1
» Hesoscutian with parapsidal furzows f ine throughout} basal
abdoBdiM. t e r g i t e largest • • P«ri>caratoaM« Ashmead, 1894
11. Porewings with stigma much enlarged; pronotal co l lar
rounded* never sharply carlnate; basal abdominal t erg i t e
emarginate posteriorly • • . • • ^MLaaaaMmtmr walker, 1833
-> Porewings with stigma normal; pronotal co l lar carinate;
basal abdominal t e r g i t e straight posteriorly, • • • • • •
walker, 1833
12. Maxillary palpi and s t ipes of male swol l en pronotal
co l lar Immargined; propodetun with a sharp medial carina
• 13
-> Maxillary palpi and st ipes of male normali pzopodeum same
or differcmt. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 4
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13, Funicle 6-segmented v/ith 2 a n e l l i ; marginal vein about
twice as long as stigmal vein and s l i g h t l y srnallGr than
postmarginal vein; propodeum shiny smooth with prominent
median car ina and p l icae ; pe t io le much longer than
wide HalticQPtera Spinola, 1811
- Funicle 5-segrnented, with 3 a n e l l i ; marginal vein longer
than stigmal vein; propodeum d u l l , r e t i c u l a t e , with
f a i n t l y indicated median car ina and pl icae i n d i s t i n c t ;
abdominal pe t io le as long as wide, strongly widened
basa l ly Halt icopter ina Srdos, 19 46
14, Abdominal pe t io l e not widened ap ica l ly , . . . 15
- Abdominal pe t io le widened ap ica l ly ; longer than broad;
propodeu:n broadly convex between sp i r ac l e s , with sharp
median and l a t e r a l car lnae , srnooth or nearly so; head not
protuberant between t o r u l i ; forev/ings rroderately se tose . ,
Thinodvtes Graham, 19 56
15, Body not f l a t t ened ; an t e r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ;
parapsidal furrows incomplete; second abc^ominal t e r g i t e
as long as or longer than the basal t e r g i t e
SfihaaJLaas.'̂ jL spinoia, le i i
- Body moderately flattened; anterior margin of clypeus
tridentate; parapsidal furrows nearly complete; second
tergite of abdomen much shorter than the basal tergite
, . Svntomopus U'alker, 1833
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scapf _mcdian ocellus
U t f r J l octUus
f»x*Miing
mtsoscutum
r ips ida l furrow ParaPside
cercus
.ovipositor
Fig. 1. Miacoaaater hortensls Walker, $
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- f i r s t valvifer
-second valvifer
-outerpiate
-third v a l v u l a
-cercus
podeme
.Pfiallobase
phallus deadus
j—Paramere
digi tus clasper
P^allotrfme
Fig. 2. Miscoqaster hortensls Walker
A, Part of female external genitalia
B. Male genitalia
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Genus Svstas ls Walker, 1834
svg t^a l s Walker, 1834: 288, 296.
Type-species: Svstas ls encvrtoldes Walker, by designation
of Westwood, 1839: 70.
Diagnosis: Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;
head wider than long in f ac i a l view; face f ine ly punctate;
malar space shor te r than eye width; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi
4- and S-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e ; antennae
12-segraented with 2 ane l l i and 5 funicle segments; oronotum
small , immargined; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrov/s complete;
forewings with marginal, postmarginal and stigraal ve imwel l
developed, space belov./ marginal vein bare with a row of h a i r s ;
abdomen s e s s i l e , about as long as head and thorax together ,
ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted; female gen i t a l i a (Fig. 3 a,J,w)
with f i r s t va lv i f e r almost semicircular with basal and apical
angles in one plane, base of second va lv i f e r much d i la ted and
s t rongly bent .
The genus i s known to contain seven species (including
on-' new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s
given below:
Key to Indian species of sy s t a s i s Walker, based on females
I . Pedicel about as long as basal two funicle segments t o g e t h e r . , , 2
Pedicel d i s t i n c t l y shor ter than basal two funicle segments
together 3
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2. Forowings (Fig. 3P) with posttnarginal vein longer than
st igmal, more than one-half the length of marginal
vein I , parvula ThuDmson
Forewings (Fig, 3D) with txjstraarginal vein as lonq as
s t igmal, s l i g h t l y l e s s than one-half the length of
marginal vein 2. cenchrivora FarxDoqi u i^enon
3 , Antennae long, scape more than th ree times as long as
wide, pedicel usual ly longer than f i r s t funicle.' segnent .4
- /mtennae (Fig. 3K) shor t , scape th ree times as long as
wide, pedicel as long as f i r s t funicle
segment 3 . b rev icomis sp, r..
4. Pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than f i r s t funicle segiaent, . , 5
- Pedicle much longer than f i r s t funicle segment
4. da lbera iae :iani
5, Forewings with apical half sparsely se tose , area between
postmarginal - stigrnal veins and below stigmal vein bare ,
marginal vein d i s t i n c t l y loss than t h r i c e the length of
stigmal vein , 6
- Forewings w;ith apical half including area between post -
marginal-stigmal and beneath the stigmal vein densely
setose,marginal vein about t h r i c e the length of stigmal
vein 5. t e n u i c o m i s Ualker
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5 , Forewings wi th marginal ve in about t w i c e t h e l e n g t h of
s t igmal v e i n , stigma rounded a p i c a l l y
6 . dasv^neurae Mani
~ Forewings ( F i g , 31) wi th marginal ve in more than tw ice
t h e l e n g t h of s t igmal v e i n , stignsa t inancate a p i c a l l y . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . oncv r to ide s Walker
1 . S v g t a s i s parvu la Thomson (F ig . 3 n->^)
s v s t a s i s parvula Thomson, 1876: 205.
Sys t ag i s parvula Thomson; Graham, 1969: 263.
Comments: This s p e c i e s i s report
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tridentate condition of mandible and presence of plicae on
propodeum, in their illustrations (Parooqi Sc Menon, 1972;
Figs. 5,7), The Aligarh material agrees in every respect
with their illustrations.
Material Examined: 2 ^, INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,
University campus by sweeping, 15.3,1988. Md. Jamal Ahmad,
3, Svstasis brevicornis Sp.n. (Fig. 3K-L)
Female.
Head dark with m t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i ons , wider
t aan long in fac ia l view; face f ine ly punctate; oco l l i brown,
arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e , PQL three times grea ter than
OOL; eyes bare ; clypeus edenta te ; maxillary and l ab i a l palpi
4- and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e v^ith
tv/o acute t e e t h and a t runca t ion . Antennae (Fig. 3K) dark
brown except a n e l l i yellow and scape par t icoloured; scape
th ree times longer than wide; pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than
wide, s l i g h t l y sliorter than ane l l i and f i r s t funiclo segment
toge ther ; funicle segments subequal in length, quadrate; club as long as preceding three funic ls segments togethor .
Thorax dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , smooth;
pronotal c o l l a r iminargined, pos t - sp i racu la r s c l e r i t e l a rge ;
mesoscutum 1,7 times wider than long, parapsidal furrows
complete; scutellum s l i g h t l y longer than wide; propodeum
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strongly r e t i c u l a t e with a median car ina , nucha and costula
absent, c a l l u s bare . Porewinys (Fig. 3L) hyal ine, sparsely
se tose , basal area naked; cos ta l c a l l sparsely se tose ; basal
vein absent; postmarginal vein 1,5 times as long as stigsnal
Vein and about half as long as marginal vein; trie space belov/
marginal vein bare virith a rov; of seven h a i r s ; the space betv/een
postmarginal-stigrnal veins bare , with two ha i r s only. Hind
wings hyal ine. Legs yellowish brown, except coxae and fornora
greenish brcv/n and tar-si pale yellow; t e r s i f ive segmented;
rnid t i b i a l spur s l i g h t l y shor te r than b a s i t a r s u s .
Abdomen brov/n with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ,
l anceo la te , as long as head and thor,3ix togethors abdomen
s e s s i l e ; ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted, a r i s ing Iron^ iTdd of
abdominal venter .
Body length s 1.5 mm,
Pfolotype 0. I^'DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty Caiopus
by sv/eeping, 23,
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S y s t a s i s t e n u i c o r n i s Walker; Graham, I9691 260.
Comments! Thirs s p e c i e s I s reporteci f o r t h e f i r s t t ime
from I n d i a .
M a t e r i a l Ebcamined: 1 0, IJDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al igarh ,
U n i v e r s i t y carnpus by sweeping, 20,3 ,1933 i4d, Jamal Ahmad.
6 . Sy^ tag i? dflgyneurae Mani
S y s t a s i s dasyneurae Mani, 19391 535,
7, S v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker (xn.% 3F-J)
S y s t a s i s e n c y r t o i d e s ifelker, 133 4: 2gG,
s v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker; Graham, 1969: 261 .
Comments: Thiw spcci : ;s i s repc^rted fo r th(-: f i r s t t ime
from Ir...lia.
Ma te r i a l Eicamined: 2 0 , 2 c5V INDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, A l i g a r h ,
Un ive r s i ty ceniuus by sweeping, 1 4 , 3 , 8 8 . iMci, Jaraal Ahjnad,
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Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833
Mlscooaster Walker, 1833: 371, 458.
Type-species; Mlscoaa^ter hor tensis Walker, Designated by
Ashinead, 1904; 278, 381.
Fii«HchnQr-̂ stGr Thomson, 1876: 220, 239 (Invalid eiriendation).
Diagnosis* Body dark with tnetal l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;
hGad wider than long in fac ia l view; maxillary and l ab i a l
pa lpi 4- and 3-segnientGd respec t ive ly ; rnandibles ^iuadridentate;
a r . te r ior margin of clypeus b iden ta t c ; antennae insertc-d above
lower leve l of eyes; funicle 5-segrnented, club 3-segrTiented,
2 a n e l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r immargined; thorax r e t i c u l a t e l y
sculptured, mesoscutuni v r̂ith parapsidal furrows complete; forewing;
hyal ine , bas-il vein arcuate , cos ta l c e l l broad, stig:r;al vein
ap i ca l l y much d i l a t ed , narrow basa l ly , shor ter than tnargiaal
and postmarginal veins separa te ly ; a bare area below the sub-
marginal vein present ; abdornen p e t i o l a t e , usual ly f i r s t and
sometimes second abdominal t e r g i t e emarginate a t pos te r io r
margin; ovipos i tor s l i g h t l y exsorted,
Th'.» genus i s known to contain a s ingle species , (IHscoqaster
hor tens i s Walker) re.xjrted for the f i r s t t ime.
i^iscoqaster hor tensis Walker (Fig. 4A-G)
rtJs-oqastQr hor tens is Walker, 1B33: 460.
I^ischoaaqter q rac i l ipes Thomson, 1876? 239.
:4iscoQa3ter hort^nqj^s .-alker; Graham, 1969: 230.
-
- 2 0 -
Peinale (Redescribed),
Head dark with n e t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , wider than
long in fac ia l view; o c e l l i arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,
POL longer than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space shor te r than eye
width; an te r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ; maxillary and
l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 4A) 4- and 3-segmente
-
- 2 1 -
0.5«,
F i g . 4 .
-
r e a c h i n g udd v e n t e r of abdomen; ovi iX)s i tor h idden,v; i th f i r s t
VQlvifer ( P i g . 4F) s o r n i - c i r c u l a r , t h i r d v a l v u l e ( F i g . 4G) shor t ,
Body l e n g t h s 1,75 rrun.
M a t e r i a l exasTdned i 4 ^ , 12 d^ I.^DIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al iyarh ,
U n i v e r s i t y campus by sweeping, 15 .4 ,1987 , i'^s, Ja'.rtal Ahmad,
Genus H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811
H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811j 148,
Typp ' -species : D io lo l ep i s f l a v i c o r n i s Spinola , Designated
by Ashmead, 1904; 3 76,
Pi^^chvlarthrus Westwood, 1832: 12 7,
Type-spec lGs : ( Pachv la r ta rug i n s i jnia l
-
- 2 3 -
Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head
pubescent, wid'^r than long in fac ia l view; malar spacG shortGr
than the eyG-wi.ith; clypeus b iden ta t e ; TiaxiLlory nnJ l a b i a l
palpi in fesmales, 4- and 3-segmentGd respec t ive ly ; iriaxillary
palpi much d i la ted in males; mandibles quadridentate ; ant::^n::ao
inser ted s l i g h t l y above the lo er level of eyes, funic ls
i--segmented, club S-segniented, 2 a n e l l i present ; pronotu;r.
immargined; mesoscutum v;ith parapsidal furrows incomplete;
forewings hyal ine , densely setose except base naked; laarginal
vein subequal to postmarginal and much longer than stig.ual vein;
scutellum with a d i s t i n c t frenal groove; abdomen p e t i o l a t c ,
shor ter than the thorax.
Hai t icoptera imphalensis Ghisti & shafeo (Fig. 5 A - J)
Hait i CO Dtera ipplialanaJ,S Chist i u Shafee ,198b: 471
Female (Described).
Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long
i n fac ia l view; Ocelli brown, arranged in ei^uilateral t r i a n g l e ,
POL as long as OOL; eyes bare ; malar space half of tho aye-v-'idtli;
clypeus b iden ta te ; i.iaxillary and l ab ia l palpi (Fig, 5A) 4- and
3-segrnenteci respec t ive ly ; mandibles (Fig, 5 B) quadr identa te .
Antennae (Fig, 5C) yellowish brovm, inser ted s l i g h t l y :^hovn th.->
lower level of eyes; scape s lender , s l i gh t l y more tliari 8 tin-^s
as long as wide; p-dicel more than twice as long as wide, longer
than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segment together ; funicle
-
- 2 4-
6-segmentcx3, sogmonts 1-3 subequal, 4-6 sligl ' ;tly v/ider than
long; club S-segnentedi, tvi^ice as long as wide, as long as
preceding three funicle segtoents toge ther ; 2 a n e l l i present ,
Thor.HX dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; jjironotal
c o l l a r imrnargined; rnesoscutum about twice as v/ide as long, v;ith
incomplete parapsidal furrows; meso^leuron v/ith a t r i angu la r
smooth area; propodeurn shiny, ssiiooth dorsa l ly with d i s t i n c t
median ca r ina . ?orov/ings (^ig« 5 D) hyaline, about 2,5 times
as long as wide; d isc except base moderately se tose ; cos ta l co l l
much longer than inarginal vein; marginal vein subetiual to [jost-
marginal and twice the length of stigmal vein. Legs palo yellov;
except coxae dai">c brov/n; snid-t ibial spur much shor ter than
b a s i t a r s u s ; hind t i b i a e with two spurs .
Ab
-
- 2 5 -
Genus Hal t lcopter lna Erdos, 1946
Hfll^jggp^fiffilnfl Erdos, I946i 160.
Type-si>ecles: Hal t icooter lna t r l annu l a t e Erdos, by
o r ig ina l des ignat ion.
i ialt icoDt^rlnn t r i annu la t e Erdos; Grahai:., 1969 x 166.
Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head
wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r m^irgin of clypeus
eden ta te ; malar space as long as the eye-width; raandibles quadri -
den ta te ; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi 4- and 3-sGgmonted respect ivel i
antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes, funiclo 5-seg-
inented, club 3-seginented, 3 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r
imraargined; rnesoscutum with parapsidal furrotirs incomplete;
forewings hyal ine, marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post -
marginal and twice as long as s t igna l vein; abdomen longer than
the thorax, p e t i o l a t e ; oviposi tor s l i g h t l y exserted, largo
spec ies .
Gomtnentsx The genus i s reported for the f i r s t time from
India , I t i s known to contain a s ingle species .
HaltiCQPterina a l i aa rhens i s sp .n . (Fig. 5K-P}.
Female.
Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long
i n fac ia l viev^ ;̂ o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,
POL grea ter than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space as long HG the eye-
-
- 2 6 -
width; clypeus odentate with prominent rad ia t ing s t r i a t i o n s ;
maxillary and l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 5K) 4- and 3-segniented r e s -
pect ively; mandibles (Fig. 5L) q u ^ r i d e n t a t e . Antennae
(Fig. 5M) dark brov/n, inser ted above tho lower level of eyes;
funicle 5-seg:aented; scape slender, eight times longer than
wide; pedicel shor ter than the f i r s t funicle segment; funicle
segments 1-3 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, 4-5 as long as wide;
club 3-segmented, sutures oblique,long :r than preceding two
funicle segments together ; 3 a n e l l i present , t h i rd l a rge , as
long as tvi?o a n e l l i toge ther .
Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; pronotal
c o l l a r itrenargined; mesoscutum about two times wider than long
with parapsidal furrows incomplete; scutellurn wider than long;
propodeum f ine ly r e t i c u l a t e with median carina fa in t and costula
smooth; ca l l u s se tose . Fore wings hyal ine, 2,25 times longer
than wide; d isc sparsely setose a t basal two- th i rd , densely
se tose at apical t h i r d ; cos ta l c e l l broad, hai ry; speculum
present , open belov;; marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post-
maxginal, twice the length of stigmal vein (Fig, 5M), Logs
orange except coxae and fore fottora which are dark brown; mid-
t i b i a l spur shor te r than the b a s i t a r s u s ,
AOdomen dark brown with meta l l ic r e f l e c t i o n s , longer
than thorax, f i r s t abdominal t e r g i t e with yellow rad ia t ing
markings; Pe t io le smooth, as long as wide, widened basa l ly ;
abdomen acuminate ap ica l ly , l a t e r a l margins hai ry ; f i r s t t e r g i t e
-
- 2 7 -
Fig . 5 .
-
-28-
produced posteriorly with an emarglnation medially; ovipositor
slightly exserted; fe:aale genitalia (Fig. 5P) with first
valvifer narrow, semicircular, v̂ ith basal and apical angles in
one plane; second valvifer 4 times the length of third valvula.
Body length: 2,75 mm,
Holotype p . liTDlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, University campus
by sweeping, 25,3,1987, 2^, Jamal  vmad,
Paratypes i 2 p (same data as for holotyp«?),
Cominentsx This species i s c lose ly re la ted to ilalticopterin.=>
t r i a n n u l a t a Erdos, but d i f f e r s in having pe t io l e smooth, widened
b a s a l l y .
Genus SPheaiaastor Spinoln, 1811
Soheaiqaster Spinola, 1811j 149.
Type-species I DiPlolGOls oa l l i co rn i s 3pinola, Designated
by Ashiriead, 1904,
Trloonoaastra Ashmead, 1904: 330.
Type-spaciess Trigonoaastra aurata Asteieau, by rnonotypy,
Spheciqaster Sch.ulz, 1906: 143 ( Invalid 3;.iendation),
Diagnosis J Boay dark with meta l l ic green ref I ' jc t ions; heed
wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r margin of clypeus
-
- 2 9 -
b iden ta t e ; maxillary and l a b i a l ps lpi 4- and 3--segniented
respec t ive ly ; mandibles quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above
lower level of eyes, funicle 6-segmented, club 3-segrnented,
2 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r s l i g h t l y raarginod; mesoscutum
with incomplete parapsidal furrows; forewings hyal ine, marginal,
postmarginal and stigmal veins v/ell developed; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,
shor te r than thorax; pos te r io r margin of basal t o r g i t e medially
t runca te or s l i g h t l y curved, second abdoniinal t e r g i t e la rger
than the following ones; ov ipos i tor hidden.
The genus i s knov/n to contain th ree sp'?cies (including
one new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s
given below.
Key to Indian species of Spheaiqaster Spinola, based on
females
1. Second abdominal tergite not unusually large; antennae, with
funicle segments 1-3 longer than wide, first funicle segment
as long as the second; forewings with speculum bare 2
- Second abdominal tergite unusually large, concealing the
remaining tergites; antennae (Pig. 6 I) v;ith funicle seg
-
- 3 0 -
between postmarginal-stiymal veins bare; second abdominal
t e r g i t e occupying more than one th i rd the t o t a l length of
abdomen 2. g labrata Graham
- Fovea of malar space small; antennae (Pig. 6G) with pedicel
shor ter than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segtaent together ;
forewings (Fig, 6D) with area below marginal vein ^md
between postmarginal-stigrnal veins se tose ; second ai:>dorninal
t e r g i t e small 3 . s lnau la r i s sp. n.
1. Spheqiqaster s tep ico la Boucek (Fig, 6H-L)
Spheqiqaster ste^Jicola Boucek, 1965: 12.
Material Gcamlned : 5 ^ , 3 cJV INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,
University campus, by sweeping, 15,10.1987. I-Id. Jamal Alimad.
2 . ^ph^qiqast^r g labra ta Graha^r. (Fig. 6M-;:)
Spheqiqaster g labrata Graham, 1969: 133.
Gotrenonts: This SiJecios i s reported for the f i r s t time from
India .
Material Eicamined: 1 0, I : ;DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh
University campus, by sweeping, 10,11,1937. Md, Janial Ahmad.
-
- 3 1 -
3 . Soheaiaagter simulQrJs sp. n. (Fig. 6A-G)
FeraalG,
Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , wid
long in fac ia l viev;? o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e ra l
t r i a n g l e , ftOL as long as OOLf oyt^s bare ; malar spaco siiortor
than eye v/idth i/ith a small fovea at the base of nandible;
maxillary and l ab i a l palpi (Fig, 6A) 4- and 3-segmented respec-
t i v e l y ; mandibles (Fig, 6B) quadr identa te . Antennae (Fig, 6C)
dark brown, inser ted above the lower leval of eyes/ s*"ape more
than six times longer than wide? pedicel d i s t i n c t l y snor ter
than a n e l l i and f i r s t funicle segment toge ther ; funiclo
6-segniented, 1-5 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, s ix th subcjuacSrate;
club 3-sogmented, more than two times longer than wide, longer
than preceding two funicle segirsents toge ther .
Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , sparsely
se tose ; mesoscutum with incomplete parapsidal furrows, twice as
ivide as long; scutellutn as long as wide; proiXjdeurri witliout
raedian ca r ina . Forewings (Fig. Go) hyalino, 2,5 times as long
a3 v/ide; cos ta l c e l l with few se taa ; d isc moderately sc^tose
except base naked; marginal vein strnarginal, s l i -
ght ly more than twice the length of stigaial vein. Legs yellov/
except coxae v;hich are darkly and p re t a r s i s l i g h t l y infuscatea;
mid t i b i a l spur half as long as the b a s i t a r s u s .
-
- 3 2 -
Abdotnon dark v^ith meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , slightly-
longer than thorax; pe t io le four times as long as wide, s l i g h t l y
wijoned basa l ly ; second abdominal t o r g i t e l a rge r , the remaining
ones smaller but not r e t r a c t e d ; ov ipos i tor hidden; fern :!•:•
gen i t a l i a with f i r s t val"^lfer CFig, 6F} sercdcircular, with basal
and apical angles at d i f fe ren t l e v e l s , second va lv i f e r (Fiq, 6G)
t h r i c e the length of th i rd valvula .
Body length: 2,0 mm.
Holotypfi p . Ii'.OlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty campus,
by sweeping, 20.2.1988. m, Jamal Ahmad.
Paratypes: 5 $ , 5 (/'(same data as for holotype) .
-
- 3 3 -
F i g . 6 .
-
- 3 4 -
Genus svntomopus Walker, 1833
Syntomopus VVolker, 1833: 371.
Type-speCies : Syntomooua t h o r a c i c u g v.'alker, by des ign i t ion
of Westwood, 1839: 69.
Svntomopus Walker; Graham, 1969j 137,
Diagnosis I Body modera te ly f l a t t e n e d , wi th m e t a l l i c
green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head wider than long i n f a c i a l view; a n t e r i o r
margin of c lypeus t r i d e n t a t e ; m a x i l l a r y and l a b i a l Pa lp i 4 - and
3-3eginented r e s p e c t i v e l y ; mandibles quad r i d ent a t e ; antennae
i n s e r t e d above t h e lower l e v e l of eyes ; f u n i c l e G-segmented,
c l u b 3-segmented, 2 a n e l l i p r e s e n t ; p rono ta l c o l l a r margined;
mesoscutum with p a r a p s i d a l furrows n e a r l y comple te ; forewings
h y a l i n e , wi th marg ina l , pos tmargina l and s t igmal ve ins well
deve loped ; abdomen p e t i o l a t e , p e t i o l e l onge r than wide; second
abdominal t e r g i t e cmargina te p o s t e r i o r l y ; o v i p o s i t o r s l i g h t l y
e x s e r t e d .
SYn̂ ;̂ Q"̂ Q|?̂ s lq
-
-3 5-
Mbtoolvptug Masi, 1917
NotoolVDtus Masi, 1917» 181.
Type-sp-cies» ItotoalvptuR vlrf.RCf>ns Masi, by designation
of Gahan & Fagan, 1923i 98,
Diagnosis: Body dark vjith meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;
head wider than long i n f ac i a l view; an te r io r margin of
clypeus edenta te ; malar space as long as the eye width; maxillary
and l a b i a l Palpi 4— and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles
quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes;
funic le S-sogrrientecJ, club 3-segmented, 2 ane l l i present;
pronotal c o l l a r margine(3; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrows
complete; forevi;ings hyal ine, with marginal, post-marginal and
stigmal veins v/ell developed; scutellum with a deep oblong
impression, frenal groov.5 present ; propodeum f inely r e t i c u l a t e
tvith median car ina and p l icae well dovelopc^d; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,
s l i g h t l y shor te r than the thorax, f i r s t abdotninal t e r g i t e
very l a rge , concealing the remaining ones; ov ipos i to r hidden,
^^oqlYP^Vfi aiaS£ Masl (Fig. 7 C-G)
NotQalvptu.q niaer Masi, 1917; 181,
Notoalvptus niaer Masi; Boucek, 1961j 67.
Material examinedj 25 ̂ , 20 cf, INDIA, Uttar Pr^esh,
Aligarh, University campus, by sweeping , 15,3,1987
Md, Jamal Ahmad,
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V I . RKFSRENCSS
Ahmad, T , & Mani , M.S. 1939 . Two new C h a l c i d o i d p a r a s i t e s o f
l i n s e e d m i d g e , Qasvneura l i n i BarriGs. i n d l n n J,, A a r l c .
S c i . 91 5 3 1 - 5 3 9 .
Ashmead, IV, ii, 1894 , D e s c r i p t i o n s of new p a r a s i t i c i ly i renoptara .
T r a n s . M» S n t . ^ g c , 2 1 : 3 1 8 - 3 4 4 ,
Ashmead, w.H, 1904 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of t h e c h a l c i d f l i e s o r
t h e s u p e r f a n i i l y c h e l c i d o i d e a v ; i th d e s c r i p t i o n s of
new s p e c i e s i n t h e C a r n e g i e Museum, Menu C a m e a i-lus.
I s 2 2 5 - 5 5 1 ,
Ayyar , T . V , u . 1 9 2 5 , A c h o c k - l i s t of I n d o - C e y l o n o s e C h a l c i d
f l i e s . ^gaXLa, ^QYl^q* 13 J 2 3 5 - 2 5 4 .
Ayyar , T .V.R, & l l a rgabandhu , V. 1934 . F u r t h e r r e c o r d s of
I n d o - C e y l o n e s e C h a l c i d f l i e s , g, Dombav. ^I^t. Hj.st .
^ 2 £ . 3 7 : 1 9 3 - 1 9 5 ,
Ayya r , T ,V,R, & r i a n i , M,S. 1937 . On t h r e e C h a l c i d o i d p a r a s i t e s
of c o t t o n b o r e r b e e t l e s from s o u t h I n d i a . Rec.
I n d i a n l i u s . 3 9 : 1 2 5 - 1 2 7 .
B h a t n a g a r , 3 . P. 1 9 5 1 . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f new arid r o c o r d s of known
G h a l c i d o i d e a ( P a r a s i t i c Hyinenoptera) f r o n I n d i a .
I n O i ^ a vJ. A q r i c . s c i . 2 1 : 1 5 5 - 1 7 8 .
Boucek, Z . 1 9 6 1 . S e i t r a g e Zur K e n n t n i s d e r F t e r o m a l i d e n - f a u n a
Von M i t t e l e u r o p a , rnit B e s c h r e i b u r g o n n e u e r , . \ r t o n
und G a t t u n g e n (Hyir ienoptera) , ^ . e n t . Odd, n a r .
P£aSS 3 4 : 5 5 - 9 5 .
file:///rton
-
- 4 0 -
Boucek, Z, 1965, A review of t h e Chalc idoid fauna of t h e
Moldavian SSR, wi th d e s c r i p t i o n s of new spoc ies
(HyiTtenoptora) Acta . Faun. I;:nt. Mus, N a t l . >.-̂ rauac
11 :5 -37 .
Boucek, Z, 1973, An i n t e r e s t i n g nsv/ genus of P teromal idae
(Hymenoptera) wi th evaniforrn g a s t e r . O r i e n t a l . Xn
-
- 4 1 -
Dalnan, J , . / , 1820. Forsok t i l l Upps t a l l n ing a£ Insokfan\ i l jen
i^ei*o!nalini, i synnerhet mod eifseenJe Pe. do i
sve r iga funne a r t e r . K, avonska, Vetonsk -\kn'5.
l iandl . 4 1 : 123-174, 3 40-385.
u u t t , K, & F e r r i e r e , C, 1961, On t h e Ghalciuoiu - .aras i tes of
t h e j u t a steia y i r ; ; l e r fro.^ West Bengal, Indipn J ,
iici£k£. i i£ i . 3 1 : 139-142.
Srdos, J . 1946, Gonera nova e t 3;:3ecies novae Chalc idoidarun
(Hym.), Annls , h i s t , n a t . Hua. Natn. hung. 39:131-165.
Srdos , J . 1948. Additamenta ad cognitionern fauna Cnalcidoidarurn
(H^irienoptera) In a lveo Carpathorura I V , I I . I^ferornalidaG
Fraqm. faun, hung. 1 1 : 3 6 - 5 1 ,
Fa rooq i , 3 . 1 , 1930. D e s c r i p t i o n of a nev; s p a c i e s , Ce.ohaleta
hava t i (Hymenopteras P t e roma l idae ) , p a r a s i t i c on
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