Muhammad the messenger of Allahسيرة النبي انكليزي
Transcript of Muhammad the messenger of Allahسيرة النبي انكليزي
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MuhammadThe Messenger of God
MayGodExalthisMention
SecondEdition
Writtenby:
AbdurrahmanalSheha
Translatedby:
AbdurrahmaanMurad
Edited
by:
TheIslamicPropagationOfficeatRabwah
(www.islamhouse.com)
M.M.AbdusSalam
AbuAyoubJeromeBoulter
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:
:
(www.islamhouse.com)
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SecondEdition,1427/2006
Copyright2006AbdurrahmanalSheha
Allrightsreserved.
Thisbook iscopyrighted.Anyorallpartsof thisbookmaybeused
foreducationalpurposesaslongastheinformationusedisnotinany
wayquotedoutofcontextorusedforprofit,and thesource ismen
tioned.
Wewouldliketoexpressoursincereappreciationtothosewhocon
tributed to thepublicationof thisbook.MayAllah reward them for
their efforts. If you have any corrections, comments, or questions
aboutthispublication,pleasefeelfreetocontactusat:
1427H
[3787]Publishedby:
TheIslamicPropagationOfficeinRabwah
Tel.+4454900 4916065
Email:[email protected]
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TableofContents
1.Terminologyusedinthisbook
2.Introduction
3.WhoistheMessenger?
4.Hislineage
5.Placeofbirthandchildhood
6.ThedescriptionoftheProphet()
7.Prophetsmanners&Characteristics
8.SomeoftheProphetsethicalmanners
9.Statementsofjusticeandequity
10.ThewivesoftheProphet()
11.Textualproofs
12.ProofsfromtheQuran
13.ProofsfromtheSunnah
14.PreviousScriptures
15.FromtheGospel
16.Intellectualproofs
17.WhattheTestimonyofFaithentails
18.Conclusion
19.Glossary
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AllpraiseisduetoGod,theLord1oftheworlds,andmayGod
praiseProphetMuhammad,andrenderhimandhishousehold
safeandsecurefromallevil.
WhentalkingaboutProphetMuhammad()2,oneshouldkeep
in
mind
that
he
is
talking
about
the
greatest
individual
in
his
tory.Thisisnotabaselessclaim;fortheonewhoreadshisbi
ographyand learnsofhismannerismsandethics,whilekeep
ing aside allpreconceivednotions,would certainly reach this
conclusion.Some fairandjustnonMuslimshavereached this
conclusionaswell.
ThelateProfessorHasanAli,mayGodhavemercyonhim,said
inhismagazineNooralIslamthataBrahmin3colleagueofhis
once toldhim:I recognizeandbelieve that theMessengerof
Islam isthegreatestandmostmatureman inhistory.Profes
sorHasanAli,mayGodhavemercyonhim,askedhim:Why
doyouconsiderhimasthegreatestandmostmatureman?He
replied:
1 The actualword used in theQuran isRubb. There is no proper
equivalentforRubbintheEnglishlanguage.ItmeanstheCreator,the
Fashioner,theProvider,theOneuponWhomallcreaturesdependfor
theirmeans of subsistence, and theOneWho gives life and causes
death.
2ThisArabictermmeans,mayGodpraisehimandrenderhimsafe
fromallevil.
3 Brahmin: member of the highest of the four Hindu castes: the
priestlycaste.
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Nomanpossessedthecharacteristics,mannerismsandethics
thathepossessedatonetime.Hewasakingunderwhomthe
entirepeninsulawasunified;yethewashumble.Hebelieved
thatthedominionbelongedtohisGodalone.
Greatricheswouldcometohim,andyethelivedinastateof
poverty;firewouldnotbelitinhishouseformanydays,and
hewould stayhungry.Hewas a great leader;he led small
numbersintobattleagainstthousands,andyethewouldde
cisivelydefeat them.He lovedpeaceagreementsandwouldagree to themwith a firmheart, even thoughhehad thou
sandsofhisbraveand courageousCompanionsbyhis side.
EachCompanionwasverybraveandcouldconfrontathou
sand enemies alone, while not feeling the least bit intimi
dated.Yet, theProphetwaskindhearted,merciful, anddid
notwant toshedadropofblood.Hewasdeeplyconcerned
abouttheaffairsoftheArabianPeninsula,yethedidnotne
glect the affairs of his family, household, or the poor and
needy.HewaskeentodisseminateIslamamongstthosewho
hadgoneastray.Ingeneral,hewasamanconcernedwiththe
bettermentandwellbeingofmankind,yethedidnotindulge
inamassingworldlyfortune.Hebusiedhimselfwiththewor
shipof
God
and
loved
doings
deeds
which
pleased
Him.
He
never avenged himself on account of personal reasons.He
even prayed for his enemies wellbeing, and would warn
themofthepunishmentofGod.
Hewasanasceticregardingworldlyaffairsandwouldwor
shipGodthroughoutthenight.Hewasthebraveandcoura
geoussoldierwho foughtwiththesword and the infallible
Prophet the conquerorwho conquered nations and coun
tries.Hesleptonamatofhayandapillowfilledwithcoarse
fibers.PeoplecrownedhimastheSultanoftheArabs,orKing
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of theArabianPeninsula, yethis family lived a simple life,
evenaftertheyreceivedgreatfortunes;thericheswerepiled
in theMosque.Fatima4complained tohimabout thestrenu
ousworkshedid,thegrindingstoneandwaterjugwhichshe
usedtocarry howtheyhadleftmarksonherbodyHedid
notgiveheraportionofthatwealth;instead,theProphet()
taught her a fewwords and supplications.HisCompanion
Umar5 came tohishouse and looked inhis room, and saw
nothingbut
ahay
mat
which
the
Prophet
was
sitting
on,
whichhadleftmarksonhisbody.Theonlyprovisionsinthe
housewerehalfaSaa6ofbarley inacontainer,andawater
skin thathungon thewall this isall theMessengerofGod
ownedatatimewhenhalftheArabswereunderhiscontrol.
WhenUmarsawthis,hecouldnotcontrolhimselfandwept.
TheMessengerofGod()said:
Why are you weeping O Umar? He replied: Why
shouldntIweep KhosrauandCaesarenjoythemselves
in thisworldand theMessengerofGod ()onlyowns
whatIsee!Heresponded:OUmar,wouldnt itplease
you that this is theshareofKhosrauandCaesar in this
life,and in theHereafter thispleasurewouldbe forus
alone?
When theProphet examinedhis troopsprior to theoccupa
tionofMakkah,AbuSufyanstoodbesidealAbbas,theuncle
4Fatimahwasoneof thedaughtersof theProphet,mayGodpraise
him.
5OneoftheProphetsclosecompanions,andthesecondCaliphafter
hisdeath.
6Saa:ameasureofcapacityequaltofourhandfulsofthetwohands
heldtogether.
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oftheProphet()andtheylookedatthebannersoftheMus
limarmy.AbuSufyanatthattimewasnotaMuslim.Hewas
amazedby the vastnumber ofMuslims; they advanced to
wardsMakkah like a torrent ofwater.No one could stop
themandnothingstoodintheirway.AbuSufyanthensaidto
alAbbas:OAbbas,yournephewhasbecomeagrandKing!
alAbbas responded saying: This is not kingship, rather
prophethood,andtheMessageofIslam.
Adee atTaee, the son ofHatim atTaeewho is the paradigmofgenerosity,attendedtheassemblyoftheProphet()
whilehewasstillaChristian.WhenhesawhowtheCompan
ionsaggrandizedandrespectedtheProphet(),hewascon
fused washeaProphetoraking?Heaskedhimself,Ishea
king or aMessenger of theMessengers ofGod?While he
was pondering over this, a destitute woman came to the
Prophet()andsaid:"Iwishtotellyouasecret.Hesaidto
her: Inwhich road inMadeenahdoyouwantme tomeet
you?TheProphet () leftwith thedestitutemaidand took
care of her needs.WhenAdee saw the humbleness of the
Prophet (),he realized the truthanddiscarded thecrosses
thathewaswearingandbecameaMuslim.
WewillmentionsomestatementsoftheOrientalistsconcerningMuhammad().WeasMuslimsfirmlybelieve intheProphet
()andhisMessage,andassuch,donotneedthestatementsof
nonMuslims to establish this fact.We arementioning these
statementsforthefollowingtworeasons:
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a.ToserveasareminderandadmonitionfornamesakeMus
limswhohaveabandoned theirProphetandhis teachings,so
thattheywouldheedandreturntotheirreligion.7
b.So thatnonMuslimswouldknowwho theProphet is from
the statements of their own people, so that they would be
guidedtoIslam.
I ask all readers to not hold any preconceived notionswhen
searching for the truth,whether itbe thisoranyother Islamic
material.IaskGodtoopentheirheartsandcheststoacceptthe
truth,andtoshowthemtherightpathandinspirethemtofol
lowit.
Abdurrahmaanb.AbdulKareemalSheha
Riyadh,11535
P.O.Box59565
Email:[email protected]
http://www.islamland.org
7ThewordtranslatedasreligionisDeen,whichinArabiccommonly
referstoawayoflife,whichisbothprivateandpublic.Itisaninclu
sive termmeaning:actsofworship,politicalpractice,andadetailed
codeofconduct,includinghygieneoretiquettematters.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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WhoistheMessenger,Muhammad()?
HisLineage
HeisAbulQasim(fatherofAlQasim)Muhammad,thesonof
Abdullah,thesonofAbdulMutalib.Hislineagetracesbackto
thetribeofAdnan,thesonofIshmael[theProphetofGod,the
son
of
Ibraheem
(Abraham)]
may
God
praise
them
all.
His
motherisAminah,thedaughterofWahb.
TheProphet()said:
IndeedGodchose the tribeofKinanahoverother tribes
fromthechildrenofIshmael;HechoseQuraishoverother
tribesofKinanah;HechoseBanuHashimover theother
familiesof
the
Quraish;
and
He
chose
me
from
Banu
Hashim. (Muslim#2276)
Thus,theProphet()hasthenoblestlineageonearth.Evenhis
enemiesattestedtothisfact,asdidAbuSufyan,thearchenemy
of IslambeforehebecameMuslim, in frontofHeraclius8, the
EmperorofRome.
Abdullahb.Abbas, thenephew of theProphet, reported thattheMessengerofGod ()wrote toHeracliusand invitedhim
toIslamthoughaletterhesentwithacompanionofhisnamed
Dihya alKalbi. Dihya handed this letter to the Governor of
BusrawhothenforwardedittoHeraclius.
Heraclius,asasignofgratitudetoGod,hadwalkedfromHims
toIlya(i.e.Jerusalem)whenGodhadgrantedHimvictoryover
8 Hewas theEmperorof theByzantineEmpire (610641)who cap
turedSyria,Palestine,andEgyptfromPersia(613628).
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the Persian forces.When the letter of theMessenger ofGod
reachedHeraclius,hesaidafter reading it,Seek formeany
oneofhispeople,(ArabsoftheQuraishtribe)ifpresenthere,
inordertoaskhimabouttheMessengerofGod!Atthattime
Abu SufyanbinHarbwas inShaam (theGreater SyriaArea)9
withsomemenfromQuraishwhohadcomeasmerchantsdur
ing the truce thathadbeenconcludedbetween theMessenger
ofGodandthepagansofQuraish.AbuSufyansaid,
Heracliusmessenger foundus somewhere in theGreaterSyriaarea, sohe tookmeandmy companions to Ilyaand
wewereadmitted intoHeracliuspresence.We foundhim
sitting inhis royal courtwearing a crown, surroundedby
the seniorByzantinedignitaries.He said tohis translator.
Ask themwhom amongst them is a close relation to the
manwhoclaimstobeaprophet.
AbuSufyanadded,
I replied: I am the nearest relative to him. He asked,
Whatdegreeof relationshipdoyouhavewithhim? I re
plied, Heismycousin,andtherewasnonefromthetribe
ofAbdManaf in thecaravanexceptmyself.Heracliussaid,
Lethimcomenearer.Hethenorderedthatmycompanions
standbehindmenearmyshoulderandsaid tohis transla
tor, Tellhis companions that I am going to ask thisman
about theonewhoclaims tobeaprophet. Ifhe tellsa lie,
theyshouldcontradicthimimmediately.
AbuSufyanadded,
9 This is a historic region in the Middle East bordering the
Mediterranean.Itisgenerallyconsideredtoincludethemodernstates
ofSyria,Lebanon,Palestine,andJordon.
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ByGod!Had itnotbeen for shame thatmy companions
brandme a liar, Iwouldnothave spoken the truth about
himwhenheaskedme.ButIconsidereditshameful tobe
calledaliarbymycompanions,soItoldthetruth.
Hethensaidtohistranslator,Askhimwhatkindoffam
ilyhebelongs to. I replied, Hebelongs toanoble family
amongstus.Hesaid, Hasanybodyelseamongstyouever
claimed the same before him? I replied, No. He said,
Have you ever blamed him for telling lies before heclaimed what he claimed? I replied, No. He said, Was
anybodyamongsthisancestorsaking?Ireplied, No.He
said, Dothenobleorthepoorfollowhim?Ireplied, Itis
thepoorwhofollowhim.Hesaid, Are they increasingor
decreasing(daily)?Ireplied,Theyareincreasing.Hesaid,
Doesanybodyamongstthosewhoembracehisreligionbe
come displeased and then discard his religion? I replied,
No.Hesaid, Doeshebreakhispromises?Ireplied, No,
butwearenowattrucewithhimandweareafraidthathe
maybetrayus.
AbuSufyanadded,
Other than the last sentence, I could not say anything
againsthim.
Heracliusthenasked,Haveyoueverhadawarwithhim?
Ireplied,Yes.Hesaid,Whatwastheoutcomeofyourbat
tleswithhim?Ireplied,Sometimeshewasvictoriousand
sometimeswe.Hesaid, Whatdoesheorderyou todo? I
said,HetellsustoworshipGodalone,andnottoworship
othersalongwithHim,andtoleaveallthatourforefathersused toworship.Heordersus topray, give in charity,be
chaste,keeppromisesandreturnwhatisentrustedtous.
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WhenIhadsaidthat,Heracliussaidtohistranslator,Say
tohim: I askedyou abouthis lineage andyour replywas
thathebelongedtoanoblefamily.Infact,alltheMessen
gerscamefromthenoblestlineageoftheirnations.ThenI
questioned you whether anybody else amongst you had
claimedsuchathing,andyourreplywasinthenegative.If
the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have
thoughtthat thismanwasfollowingaclaim thathadbeen
said
before
him.
When
I
asked
you
whether
he
was
ever
blamedfortellinglies,yourreplywasinthenegative,soI
took it for granted that apersonwhodidnot tell a lie to
peoplecouldnever tella lieaboutGod.Then Iaskedyou
whetheranyofhisancestorswasaking.Yourreplywasin
thenegative,and if ithadbeen in theaffirmative,Iwould
have thought that thismanwanted to takebackhisances
tral kingdom.When I asked youwhether the rich or thepoorpeoplefollowedhim,yourepliedthatitwasthepoor
who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the
Messengers.Then Iaskedyouwhetherhis followerswere
increasingordecreasing.Yourepliedthattheywereincreas
ing.Infact,thisistheresultoftruefaithtillitiscomplete
[in all respects]. I asked you whether there was anybody
who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and
discarded his religion; your replywas in the negative. In
fact, this is thesignof truefaith,forwhen itspleasureen
tersandmixesintheheartscompletely;nobodywillbedis
pleasedwithit.Iaskedyouwhetherhehadeverbrokenhis
promise.Yourepliedinthenegative.AndsucharetheMes
sengers;
they
never
break
their
promises.
When
I
asked
you
whetheryoufoughtwithhimandhefoughtwithyou,you
replied that he did and that sometimes hewas victorious
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andsometimesyou.Indeed,suchare theMessengers; they
areputtotrialsandthefinalvictoryisalwaystheirs.ThenI
askedyouwhatheorderedyou.Yourepliedthatheordered
youtoworshipGodaloneandnottoworshipothersalong
withHim, to leave all that your forefathersused towor
ship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to
keeppromises,andtoreturnwhatisentrustedtoyou.These
are really thequalitiesofaprophetwho, Iknew [from the
previousScriptures]
would
appear,
but
I
did
not
know
that
hewouldbefromamongstyou.Ifwhatyousayistrue,he
willverysoonoccupytheearthundermyfeet,andifIknew
thatIwouldreachhimdefinitely,Iwouldgo immediately
tomeethim;andwere Iwithhim, then Iwould certainly
washhisfeet.
AbuSufyanadded,
HeracliusthenaskedfortheletteroftheMessengerofGod
anditwasread.Itscontentswerethefollowing:
Ibeginwith thenameofGod, themostBeneficent, the
mostMerciful[Thisletteris]fromMuhammad,theslave
ofGod,andHisMessenger,toHeraclius,theRulerofthe
Byzantine.Peacebeuponthefollowersofguidance.Iin
vite you to Islam [i.e. surrender toGod]).Accept Islam
andyouwillbesafe;acceptIslamandGodwillbestow
onyouadoublereward.Butifyourejectthisinvitation
of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the
peasants[i.e.yournation].
OpeopleoftheScriptures!Cometoawordcommonbe
tweenyouandus,thatweworshipGod,andthatweassociatenothing inworshipwithHim; and thatnoneofus
shall takeothersasGodsbesidesGod.Then if they turn
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away,say:Bearwitnessthatwearetheywhohavesurren
dered[untoHim]. (3:64)
AbuSufyanadded,
WhenHeracliushadfinishedhisspeech,therewasagreat
hueandcrycausedby theByzantinedignitariessurround
inghim,andtherewassomuchnoisethatIdidnotunder
standwhattheysaid.So,wewereorderedoutofthecourt.
WhenIwentoutwithmycompanionsandwewerealone,Isaidtothem, Verily,IbnAbiKabshas(i.e.theProphets)
affair has gained power. This is theKing of theRomans
fearinghim.
AbuSufyanadded:
ByGod,Ibecamesurerandsurer thathis religionwould
bevictorioustillIendedupacceptingIslam.(Bukhari#2782)
SSSS
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PlaceofBirthandChildhood
TheProphet()wasbornintheyear571C.E.intothetribeof
Quraish [held nobleby all Arabs], inMakkah [the religious
capitaloftheArabianPeninsula].
TheArabswouldperformpilgrimage toMakkahand circum
ambulatetheKabahwhichwasbuiltbyProphetAbrahamand
hisson,ProphetIshmael,mayGodpraisethemboth.
TheProphet()wasanorphan.Hisfatherpassedawaybefore
hewasborn,andhismotherdiedwhenhewassixyearsold.
He was taken under the care of his grandfather, Abdul
Muttalib,andwhenhedied,hisuncle,AbuTalib,tookcharge
of him.His tribe, aswell as others,worshipped idolsmade
from stone, wood and even gold. Some of these idols wereplaced around the Kabah. People believed that these idols
couldwardoffharmorextendbenefit.
The Prophet () was a trustworthy and honest person. He
neverbehaved treacherously,nordid he lie or cheat; hewas
known amongst his people as AlAmeen, or The Trustwor
thy.People
would
entrust
him
with
their
valuables
when
they
wanted to travel. He was also known as AsSadiq or The
Truthfulforhenevertolda lie.Hewaswellmannered,well
spoken,andhelovedtohelppeople.Hispeoplelovedandre
vered him and he hadbeautifulmanners. God, the Exalted,
says:
Indeedyouareofagreatmoralcharacter. [68:4]
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The famousScottishhistorianandwriter,ThomasCarlyle (d.
1885)wroteinhisbook:Heroes,HeroWorshipandtheHeroic
inHistory:
But,fromanearlyage,hehadbeenremarkedasathoughtful
man.Hiscompanionsnamedhim AlAmin,TheFaithful. A
man of truth and fidelity; true inwhat he did, inwhat he
spokeand thought.Theynoted thathealwaysmeantsome
thing.Amanrathertaciturninspeech;silentwhentherewas
nothing tobesaid;butpertinent,wise,sincere,whenhedidspeak;always throwing lighton thematter.This is theonly
sortof speechworth speaking!Through lifewe findhim to
havebeenregardedasanaltogethersolid,brotherly,genuine
man.A serious, sincere character;yetamiable, cordial, com
panionable,jocose even agood laugh inhimwithal: there
aremenwhose laugh is as untrue as anything about them;
whocannot laugh.Aspontaneous,passionate,yetjust, true
meaningman! Full of wild faculty, fire and light; of wild
worth,alluncultured;workingouthislife takesinthedepth
oftheDesertthere.
TheProphet () liked to secludehimself in theCave ofHira
beforehewascommissionedasaprophet.Hewouldstaythere
manynightsatatime.
He()neverpartookinanyfalsehood;heneverdrankintoxi
cants,nordidheeverbow toastatueor idol, takeanoathby
themoroffer to them anoffering.Hewas a shepherdover a
flockofsheepwhichbelonged tohispeople.TheProphet ()
said:
Every prophet commissioned by God was a shepherdover a flockof sheep.His companions askedhim: Even
you,OMessenger ofGod?He said: Yes, Iwould take
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careofaflockofsheepforthepeopleofMakkah. (Bukhari2143)
At theageof forty, theProphet ()receiveddivinerevelation
whenatthecaveofHira.TheMotherofthebelievers,Aishah10
said:
ThefirstthingthatGodsMessenger()receivedwhileinthe
CaveofHira inMakkahweregoodvisions [dreams].Every
timehehadadream, itwould come trueand clear like the
split of the dawn. Later on,GodsMessenger ()began to
lovebeingalone inmeditation.Hespent lengthyperiodsfor
daysandnights to fulfill thispurpose in thecavebefore re
turningbacktohisfamily.Hewouldtakeasupplyoffoodfor
histrip.WhenhecamebacktohiswifeKhadeejah11hewould
geta fresh supplyof food andgoback to the same cave to
continue
his
meditation.
TheTruthcame tohimwhilehewas in theCaveofHira.The
AngelGabrielcametoMuhammad()andcommandedhimto
read.Muhammad () replied, I cannot read! Gabriel em
bracedMuhammad() untilhecouldnotbreathe,andthenlet
him go saying, O Muhammad! Read! Again,Muhammad
() replied, I cannot read! Gabriel embracedMuhammad
() for the second time.He thenorderedhim to read for the
third time,whenhedidnotheembracedhim tightlyuntilhe
couldnotbreathe,and then releasedhimsaying,OMuham
mad!
RecitewiththeNameofYourLordWhohascreated(all
thatexists).Hehascreatedmanoutofa(mere)clotofcon
10 AwifeoftheProphet().
11KhadeejahwasthefirstwifeoftheProphet.
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gealed blood: Read! And your Lord is the Most Gener
ous.(96:13)
TheMessenger ofGod () returned home trembling.He en
teredhishomeand toldKhadeejah:Covermeup, coverme
up!KhadeejahcoveredMuhammad()untilhefeltbetter.He
theninformedheraboutwhathappenedtohimintheCaveof
Hira.He said, Iwas concerned aboutmyself andmywell
being.KhadeejahassuredMuhammad()saying:
ByGod!You dont have toworry!God, the Exalted,will
never humiliate you! You are good to your kith and kin.
Youhelpthepoorandneedy.Youaregenerousandhospi
tabletoyourguests.Youhelppeoplewhoareinneed.
Khadeejah took her husbandMuhammad () to a cousin of
hers namedWaraqahbinNawfalbinAsadbinAbdulUzza.
This man became a Christian during the preIslamic times,knownastheEraofIgnorance.Hewasascribe,whowrotethe
ScriptureinHebrew.Hewasanoldmanwhobecameblindat
thelatterpartofhislife.Khadeejahsaidtohercousin,
Ocousin,listentowhatyournephew[i.e.Muhammad]
isabout to tellyou!Waraqahsaid: What is ityouhave
seen,dearnephew?
TheMessengerofGod() informedhimofwhathehadseen
intheCaveofHira.Uponhearinghisreport,Waraqahsaid,
ByGod!ThisistheAngelGabrielwhocametoProphet
Moses,mayGodpraisehim.IwishIwouldbealivewhen
yourpeoplewilldriveyououtofMakkah!TheMessen
gerofGod()wondered: AretheygoingtodrivemeoutofMakkah?!Waraqahaffirmedpositivelysaying,Never
hasamanconveyedaMessagesimilar towhatyouhave
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been charged with, except that his people waged war
againsthim ifIamtowitnessthis,Iwillsupportyou.
Waraqah lived only a short period after this incident and
passedaway.Revelationalsostoppedforawhile. (Bukhari#3)
ThechapteroftheQuranquotedinthehadeeth12abovemarks
thebeginningwhenhewascommissionedasaProphet.God,
theExalted,thenrevealedtohim:
O you (Muhammad) enveloped (in garments);Ariseand warn! And your Lord (Allah) magnify! And your
garmentspurify! (74:14)
Thischapterof theQuranmarks thebeginningwhenhewas
commissionedasaMessenger.
With the revelationof this chapterof theQuran, theProphet
()begancallinghisnationtoIslamopenly.Hebeganwithhisownpeople.Someofthemrefusedadamantlytolistentohim,
for to them,hewas calling to amatterwhich theyhadnever
witnessedbefore.
ThereligionofIslamisacompletewayoflife,whichdealswith
religious,political,economicaland socialaffairs.Furthermore,
thereligion
of
Islam
did
not
only
call
them
to
worship
God
alone and to forsake all idols and things they worshipped;
rather,itprohibitedthemfromthingstheyconsideredpleasur
able, such as consuming interest and intoxicants, fornication,
andgambling.Italsocalledpeopletobejustandfairwithone
another, and to know that therewas no differencebetween
them except throughpiety.How could theQuraish [themost
12Thenarrationofastatement,deed, tacitapproval,orcharacteristic
oftheProphet.
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nobletribeamongsttheArabs]standtobetreatedequallywith
theslaves!TheydidnotonlyadamantlyrefusetoacceptIslam;
rather, theyharmedhimandblamedhim,saying thathewas
crazy,asorcererandaliar.Theyblamedhimwiththingsthey
woulddarenothavebefore theadventof Islam.They incited
theignorantmassesagainsthim,harmedhimandtorturedhis
companions. Abdullahb.Masood, a close companion of the
Prophetsaid:
WhiletheProphet()wasstandingupandprayingneartheKabah,agroupofQuraishweresittingintheirsitting
place, one of them said: Do you see thisman?Would
someone bring the dirt and filth and bloody intestines
from thecamelsofsoandso,andwait tillheprostrates,
and then place it between his shoulders? The most
wretched amongst them volunteered to do it, andwhen
theProphet ()prostrated,heput the filthbetweenhis
shoulders,so theProphet () stayed inprostration.They
laughedsohardthattheywereabouttofalloneachother.
Someonewent toFatimahwhowasayounggirl,and in
formed her of what had happened. She hurriedly came
towards theProphet () and removed the filth fromhis
back,and
then
she
turned
around
and
she
cursed
the
Quraishiteswhoweresittinginthatsitting. (Bukhari#498)
MuneebalAzdi,acompanionoftheProphet()said:
Isaw theMessengerofGod in theEraofIgnorancesay
ing topeople:Say there isnogodworthyofbeingwor
shippedexceptAllah ifyouwouldbesuccessful.There
were thosewhospat inhis face, thosewho threwsoil inhisface,andthosewhosworeathimuntilmidday.When
[once] a certain younggirl camewith abig container of
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water,hewashedhisfaceandhandsandsay:Odaughter,
donotfearthatyourfatherwillbehumiliatedorstruckby
poverty. (MujamalKabeer#805)
Abdullahb.AmralAas,acompanionof theProphet ()was
askedaboutsomeoftheevilthepagansdidtotheProphet(),
towhichhereplied:
[Onceapagan]approachedtheProphet()whilehewas
prayingnear theKabahand twistedhisgarmentaround
his neck.AbuBakr13 hurriedly approached and grabbed
hisshoulderandpushedhimawaysaying:Doyoukilla
man because he proclaims Allah as his Lord, and clear
signshavecometoyoufromyourLord? (Bukhari3643)
TheseincidentsdidnotstoptheProphet()fromcallingtoIs
lam.Hepreachedthismessagetothemanytribesthatcameto
MakkahforHajj14.AfewbelievedfromthepeopleofYathrib(asmall citynorthofMakkah),known todayasMadeenah, and
theypledged to supporthimandhelphim ifhe chose tomi
gratethere.HesentwiththemMusabb.Umairtoteachthem
thetenetsofIslam.AfterallthehardshipsthattheMuslimsof
Makkah faced from their own people,God granted them the
permission tomigrate toMadeenah.ThepeopleofMadeenah
greetedthemandreceivedthem inamostextraordinaryman
ner.MadeenahbecamethecapitalofthenewIslamicstate,and
theplacefromwhichthecalltoIslamwasspreadfarandwide.
TheProphet () settledthereandtaughtpeoplehow torecite
theQuran and the rulings of the religion.The inhabitants of
13TheclosestcompaniontotheProphet()andthefirstCaliphofIs
lamafterhisdeath.
14 PilgrimagetoMakkah.
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Madeenahweregreatlymoved and touchedby theProphets
manners. They loved him more than they loved their own
selves;theywouldrushtoservehim,andtheywouldspendall
theyhad in thepathof Islam.The societywas strongand its
peoplewererichinFaith,andtheywereextremelyhappy.Peo
ple loved each other, and true brotherhood was apparent
amongst itspeople.Allpeoplewereequal; therich,nobleand
poor,blackandwhite,ArabandnonArab theywereallcon
sideredas
equals
in
the
religion
of
God,
no
distinction
was
made among them except through piety. After the Quraish
learntthattheProphetscallhadspread,theyfoughthiminthe
firstbattleinIslam,theBattleofBadr.Thisbattletookplacebe
tween twogroupsunequal inpreparationsandweapons.The
Muslimsnumbered314;whereas,thepaganswere1000strong.
GodgavevictorytotheProphet()andtheCompanions.After
thisbattle,anumberofbattlestookplacebetweentheMuslimsandthepagans.Aftereightyears,theProphet()wasableto
prepareanarmy10,000strong.Theyproceeded towardsMak
kah and conquered it, andwith thisMuhamamad () over
came the peoplewho had harmed and tortured him and his
Companionswitheveryconceivablecruelty.Intheirfleeingfor
their lives, theyhad evenbeen forced to leave theirproperty
andwealthbehind.Theyear of thisdecisivevictory is called
TheYearoftheConquest.Allah,theExalted,says:
When the victory ofAllah has come and the conquest,
andyouseethepeopleenteringintothereligionofAllah
inmultitudes, then glorify thePraises of yourLord and
askHis forgiveness. Indeed,He is theOneWho accepts
therepentanceandWhoforgives. [110:13]
Upon the conquest, the Prophet () gathered the people of
Makkahandsaidtothem:
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What do you think Iwill do to you? They answered:
Youwill only do something favorable; you are a kind
andgenerousbrother,andakindandgenerousnephew!
TheProphet()said: Go youarefree.(Baihaqi#18055)
ThisincredibleactofforgivenesscausedmanytoacceptIslam.
TheProphet () thenreturned toMadeenah.Afteraperiodof
time, theProphet () intended toperformHajj, soheheaded
towards Makkah with 114,000 Companions and performed
Hajj.ThisHajjisknownasHajjatulWadaaortheFarewellPilgrimage since theProphet ()neverperformedanotherHajj,
anddiedshortlyafterheperformedit.
Onthe9thofDhulHijjahatMountArafat,theProphet(),de
liveredhisfarewellsermon.AfterpraisingAllah,hesaid:
OPeople!Lendmeanattentiveear,forIknownotwhether
afterthisyear,Ishalleverbeamongstyouagain.Thereforelisten towhat I am saying to you very carefully and take
thesewordstothosewhocouldnotbepresentheretoday.
OPeople!Justasyouregard thismonth, thisday, thiscity
assacred,soregard the lifeandpropertyofeveryMuslim.
Returnthegoodsentrustedtoyoutotheirrightfulowners.
Hurtnooneso thatnoonemayhurtyou.Remember,youwillindeedmeetyourLordandHewillindeedreckonyour
deeds.Allahhasforbiddenyouto takeusury; thereforeall
interestobligationshallhenceforthbewaived.Yourcapital,
however,isyourstokeep.Youwillneitherinflictnorsuffer
inequity.BewareofSatanforthesafetyofyourreligion.He
haslostallhopethathewilleverbeabletoleadyouastray
ingreatthings,sobewareoffollowinghiminsmallthings.
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OPeople!Itistruethatyouhavecertainrightswithregards
toyourwomen,buttheyalsohaverightsoveryou.Remem
berthatyouhavetakenthemasyourwivesonlyunderAl
lahs trustandwithHispermission. If theyabidebyyour
right, then to thembelongs theright tobefedandclothed
inkindness.Dotreatyourwomenwellandbekindtothem,
fortheyareyourpartnersandcommittedhelpers.Anditis
your right that theydonot take as intimate friends those
whom
you
do
not
approve
of
as
well
as
to
never
be
un
chaste.
OPeople!Listen tome inearnest;worshipAllah,perform
your fivedailyprayers, fast themonthofRamadhan,give
almsandperformthepilgrimage(i.e.Hajj)ifyoucanafford
to.AllmankindisfromAdamandAdamisfromclay.There
isnosuperiorityforanAraboveranonArab,norforanon
Arab over anArab; or for awhite over ablack,nor for a
blackoverawhite;except throughpiety.Know thatevery
Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim and that the
Muslimsareonecommunity.Nothingshallbelegitimateto
aMuslimthatbelongstoanotherunlessitwasgivenfreely
andwillingly.Donot,therefore,doinjusticetoyourselves.
Remember,onedayyouwill appearbeforeAllah and answerforyourdeeds.Sobeware!Donotstrayfromthepath
of righteousnessafter Iamgone.OPeople!Noprophetor
messenger will come after me and no new faith will be
born.Reasonwell,therefore,Opeople!Andunderstandthe
wordsthatIconveytoyou.Ileavebehindmetwothings,if
youfollowthemyouwillnevergoastray:theBookofAllah
(i.e.theQuran)andmySunnah.Allthosewholistentome
shallpassonmywordstoothersandthosetoothersagain;
and may the last ones understand my words better than
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thosewho listen tome directly.Bemywitness,OAllah,
thatIhaveconveyedYourMessagetoYourPeople.
TheProphet ()died inMadeenahon the12thdayofRabial
Awal in the 11thyearofHijrah andwasburied there aswell.
TheMuslimswereshockedwhentheylearntofhisdeath;some
Companionsdidnotbelieve it.Umarsaid: Whoeversaysthat
Muhammad is dead, Iwillbehead him!Abu Bakr then ad
dressedtheMuslimsandreadthewordsofGod:
Muhammad is not but aMessenger.Othermessengers
havepassed awaybeforehim.So ifhewas todieorbe
killed,would you turn back on your heels to unbelief?
AndHewhoturnsbackonhisheelswillneverharmGod
atall;butGodwillrewardthegrateful. [3:144]
WhenUmarheard thisverse,hestoppedsayingwhathewas
saying, sincehewasverykeenonapplying the rulesofGod.TheProphet()was63yearsofagewhenhedied.
TheProphet()stayedinMakkahforfortyyearsbeforebeing
commissioned as a Prophet. After being commissioned as a
Prophet;he lived there foranother thirteenyears, inwhichhe
calledpeopletothepuremonotheisticbeliefofIslam.Hethen
migratedtoMadeenah,andstayedtherefortenyears.Hecontinued toreceiverevelation there,until theQuranand there
ligionofIslamwerecomplete.
The famous playwright and critic, George Bernard Shaw (d.
1950)said:
IhavealwaysheldthereligionofMuhammadinhighestima
tionbecause of itswonderful vitality. It is the only religionwhich appears topossess that assimilating capability to the
changing phases of existence which make itself appeal to
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everyage IhaveprophesizedaboutthefaithofMuhammad
thatitwouldbeacceptabletomorrowasitisbeginningtobe
acceptable to theEuropeof today.Medievalecclesiastics,ei
therthroughignoranceorbigotry,paintedMuhammadanism
inthedarkestcolours.Theywere,infact,trainedtohateboth
themanMuhammadandhisreligion.To them,Muhammad
was an antiChrist. Ihave studiedhim, thewonderfulman,
andinmyopinion,farfrombeinganantiChrist,hemustbe
calledthe
Saviour
of
humanity.
15
SSSS15EncyclopediaofSeerah,byAfzalurRahman.
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TheDescriptionoftheProphet()
The Prophet was of a slightly aboveaverage height. Amaz
ingly,ingatherings,hewouldappeartallerthanthoseactually
taller thanhim until thepeopledispersed. Incomplexion,he
waswhitewith a rosy tinge;pale,butnot excessively so.His
hairwasjetblackandwavy,butstoppedshortofcurling,and
was keptbetween his earlobes and shoulders. Sometimes hewouldparthishairatthemiddle.Othertimes,hewouldwear
itbraided. The Prophet () had the physique of a powerful
man.Hehadabroadupperbackandshouldersbetweenwhich
was the Seal of Prophethood. He had longmuscular limbs,
largejointsandawidegirth.Hisleanstomachneverprotruded
outpasttheprofileofhischest.Hisfacewasradiant,asifthe
sun were following its course across and shining from hisface, said one Companion.His neckwas silverywhite; his
forehead,prominent;hispupils,largeandblack;hiseyelashes,
longand thick;hisnose,hightippedwithnarrownostrils.At
the time ofhisdeath, theProphethad exactly 17whitehairs
sharedbetweenhistemplesandthefrontofhisthick,beard.He
hadhaironhis forearmsandshinsanda lineof finehairalso
ranfromhischesttohisnavel.
The Prophet ()wouldwalkbrisklywith a forwardleaning
gait, moving with strength of purpose and lifting each foot
clearlyoff theground.Hispacewas such that fitmenwould
tire trying to keep up.When he turned, he would turn his
wholebody,givingfullattentiontotheoneaddressinghimand
showing complete concern towhatwasbeing said.When hepointed,hewoulduseanopenhandsoasnottooffend.Like
wise,whenhecriticizedapersonsbehavior,ratherthanname
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the individual,hewould simply say: Whydopeopledo so
and so?Hewould laughonly to the extent that thegapbe
tweenhisfrontteethwouldbecomevisible.Hewouldbecome
angryonly to theextent thathis facewould turn redand the
veinbetweenhis fine,bowshapedeyebrowswouldbulge.He
oncesaid:
IamthemasterofthedescendantsofAdamandIdonot
saysooutofpride. (Tirmidthi)
That freedom frompridewasobvious even to children,who
wouldplayfullyleadtheProphet()throughthestreetsofMe
dinawhilstgraspinghisfinger.Indeedhehadsaid:
Hewhodoesnot showmercy to our young,norhonor
ourold,isnotfromus. (AbuDawood)
(Allahhassentyou)aMessengerwhorecites toyou the
clearSignsofAllah thatHemay takeout thosewhobe
lieve and work righteousness from the darkness to the
light(ofIslamicMonotheism). [65:11]
Ali,cousinandsoninlaw to theProphet,saidofMuham
mad:
'Hewas
the
Last
of
the
Prophets,
the
most
giving
of
hearts,
themost truthful, the best of them in temperament and
themostsociable.Whoeverunexpectedlysawhimwould
stand inaweofhim,andwhoeveraccompaniedhimand
got toknowhimwould lovehim.Thosedescribinghim
wouldsay: Ihaveneverseenanyonebeforeorafterhim
whowascomparabletohim.
The Prophetsbelovedwife,Aishah, said of her selfless hus
band:
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He always joined in household chores and would at
timesmend his clothes, repair his shoes and sweep the
floor.Hewouldmilk,tetherandfeedhisanimals.(Bukhari)
Shealsodescribedhischaracteras:TheQuran(exempli
fied).
Indeed in theMessengerofAllahyouhaveanexcellent
exampletofollowforwhoeverhopesinAllahandtheLast
DayandremembersAllahmuch. [33:21]
SSSS
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SomeoftheProphetsManners&Characteristics:
1.Sound Intellect:TheMessenger ()hadanexcellent, com
pleteandsound intellect.Nomanhaseverhadan intellectas
complete and perfect as his. Qadhi Iyaadh16,may God have
mercyonhim,said:
Thisbecomescleartoanindividualwhentheresearcherreads
theProphetsbiographyandunderstandshisstateofaffairs,and hismeaningful and inclusive utterances and traditions,
hisgoodmanners,ethicsandmoralcharacter,hisknowledge
oftheTorahandGospelandotherDivineScriptures,andhis
knowledgeof statementsof thewise,andknowledgeofby
gonenations, and ability to strike examples and implement
policiesand correctemotionalmanners.Hewasanexample
and paradigm to which his people could relate to in all
branchesofknowledge;actsofworship,medicine,lawsofin
heritance, lineage, and othermatters aswell.He knew and
learned all of thiswithout reading or examining the Scrip
turesofthosebeforeus,nordidhesitwiththeirscholars.The
Prophet had no formal schooling, andwaswithout knowl
edgeof
the
above
before
being
commissioned
as
aProphet,
norcouldhereadorwrite.TheProphet ()waswise to the
fullest extent of hismental capacity. God, the Exalted, in
formedhimofsomeofwhathadtakenplace(inthepast)and
of thatwhichwould takeplace in the future.This is a sign
16AgreatscholarofIslamwhowrotemanyworks, includingon the
BiographyoftheProphet().
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that theDominionbelongs toGod, and thatHe is capable
overallthings.17
2.DoingThingsfortheSakeofGod:TheProphet()would
alwaysdodeedsthroughwhichhewouldseekthepleasureof
God.Hewasharmedandabusedwhenhe invitedand called
peopletoIslam;yethewaspatientandenduredallofthis,and
hopedfortherewardofGod.Abdullahb.Masoodsaid:
TheProphet () resembled aprophetwhowasharmedbyhispeople.Hewipedthebloodfromhisfaceandsaid:
OGod!Forgivemypeople,for theyknownot! (Bukhari#3290)
Jundubb.SufyaansaidthattheMessengersfingerbledduring
oneofthebattles,andhesaid:
Youarebutafingerwhichhasbled;whichsuffersinthepathofGod. (Bukhari#2648)
3.Sincerity:TheProphet()wassincereandhonestinallhis
matters,asGodhadorderedhim.Allah,theExalted,says:
Say, Indeed,myprayer,my ritesofsacrifice,my living
andmydyingareforGod,Lordoftheworlds.NopartnerhasHe.And this Ihavebeen commanded and I am the
first(amongyou)oftheMuslims. [6:162163]
4.GoodMorals,EthicsandCompanionship:TheProphet()
wasalivingexampleforallhumanstofollow.HiswifeAishah
wasaskedabouthismanners,andshesaid,
17QadhiEiyadh,AlShifabitareefiHoquooqilMostafa
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HismannersweretheQuran.
Inthis
statement,
Aishah
meant
that
the
Prophet
()
abided
by
its laws and commands and abstained from its prohibitions,
andobserved thevirtuousdeedsmentioned in it.TheProphet
()said:
Godhassentmetoperfectgoodmannersandtodogood
deeds. (Bukhari&Ahmed)
Allah,theExalted,describedtheProphet()saying:Andindeed,youareofagreatmoralcharacter [68:4]
Anasb.Malik served the Prophet () for ten years;Hewas
withhimdayinanddayout,bothwhentheProphet()trav
eledandwhenhewasaresidentinMadeenah.Hewasknowl
edgeableoftheProphetsmanners.Hesaid:
The Prophet () did not swear at anyone, nor was he
rude,nordidhecurseanyone.Ifhedesiredtoreprimand
someone, hewould say: What iswrongwith him,may
dustbecastinhisface! (Bukhari#5684)
5. Politeness and Good Manners: The Prophet () showed
goodmannersandwascourteoustoall,eventochildren.Oncewhen theProphetwas inagathering,adrinkwasbrought to
theProphet ()andhedrank from it.Onhis rightside there
wasayoungboyandonhisleftsidewereelderlymen.Feeling
obligedby the respect of elders, andnotwanting tohurt the
feelingsofthechild,heaskedtheyoungboy:
DoyoumindifIgivethedrinktothem?Theyoungboy
said: OProphetofGod!ByGod!Iwouldnotpreferany
onetodrinkfromtheplaceyoudrank.Thisismyfairsha
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re18.TheMessengerofGod()handedtheboythedrink.(Bukhari#2319)
6.LoveforReformationandReconciliation:Wheneverasitua
tion occurredwhich called for reconciliation, the Prophet ()
wouldhurrytoresolveit.Oncewhenheheardthatthepeople
of Qubaa19 disputed with each other about a matter, the
Prophet()said:
Letusgotoresolvethesituationandmakepeacebetweenthem. (Bukhari#2547)
7.Orderingwiththegoodandforbiddingevil:IftheProphet
()sawanactwhichopposedatenetofthereligion,hewould
reprimanditinasuitablemanner. Abdullahb.Abbassaid:
TheMessenger
of
God
saw
aman
wearing
agold
ring
20
,so
hereachedforit,[and]removedit.Hethensaid:
Wouldoneofyouseekaburningcharcoalandplaceiton
hishand?!
Themanwas later told, after the Prophet left: Take your
ring!Makegooduseofit[bysellingit].Themansaid:No,by
God! Iwillnever take itafter theMessengerofGodcast itaway. (Muslim#2090)
AbuSaeedalKhudrisaid:IheardtheMessengerofAllahsay:
Whoeverofyouseesanevilaction,lethimchangeitwithhis
18According to Islamicetiquette.Oneshouldalwaysbegin from the
right.
19AtownpreviouslyontheoutskirtsofMadeenah.
20 ItisprohibitedformentoweargoldinIslam.
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hand;andifheisnotabletodoso,thenwithhistongue;and
ifheisnotabletodoso,thenwithhisheart (Muslim)
8. Love ofPurification:A companion passedby the Prophet
()whilehewasnotinastateofpurification.Hegreetedhim
withGodsname,buttheProphet()didnotreturnthegreet
inguntilheperformedablutionandapologizedsaying:
Idisliked thatIshouldmentionGodsnamewhileIam
notinastateofpurity. (IbnKhuzaimah#206)
9.SafeguardingandMindingOnesLanguage:TheMessenger
ofGod()wouldbusyhimselfwiththeremembranceofGod;
hewouldnottalk invain.Hewouldlengthenhisprayersand
shortenthespeech,andhewouldnothesitatetohelpandtake
careoftheneedsofaneedy,poororwidow. (IbnHibban#6423)
10.ExcellinginActsofWorship:AishahsaidthattheProphet
ofGod ()used toprayduring thenightuntilhis feetwould
swell. She said, Why do you do this,OMessenger ofGod,
whileGodhasforgivenyourpastandfuturesins?TheProphet
()replied:
ShallInotbeagratefulslave(ofGod)? (Bukhari#4557)
11.Forbearance:Once some companions came to theProphet
()complainingabouta tribe,namely theDaws,who refused
to accept Islam, asking him to curse them. The Prophet ()
raisedhishandsinprayerandinsteadsaid:
OAllahguidethetribeofDawsandbringthemtoIslam!
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12.GoodAppearance:Thecompanionsknew theProphet ()
tobethemostbeautifulofpeople.Onecompanionsaid:
The Prophet () was a person of average height. His
shoulderswerewide.Hishairreachedhisearlobes.OnceI
sawhimadorned inaredgarment;Ineversawanything
morebeautifulthanhim. (Bukhari#2358)
13.AsceticisminWorldlyAffairs:Therearemanyexamplesin
theProphets lifewhichprove thathehadno concern for thepleasuresofthislife.Abdullahb.Masoodsaid:
TheMessenger ofGod ()went to sleep on amat.He
stoodupandhehadmarksonhissideduetothematthat
hehadslepton.Wesaid: OMessengerofGod,shallwe
notmake[aproper]beddingforyou?Hesaid:WhatdoI
havetodowiththisworld?Iamonlylikeawayfareruponamountthatstoppedtotakeshadeandrestunderatree,
andthenleavesitbehindandcontinuesonthejourney.(Tirmidthi#2377)
Amrb. alHaarith said theMessenger ofGod () did not
leaveanygoldorsilvercurrency,oraslave,maleorfemale,
afterhisdeath.Heonlyleftbehindhiswhitemule,hisweap
onsandapieceoflandwhichhedeclaredasCharity. (Bukhari#2588)
14.Altruism:Sahlb.Sadsaid:TheProphet()hadmorecare
forthosearoundhimthanforhisownself.
A woman gave the Messenger of God () a Burdah(gown).TheProphet ()askedhisCompanions: Doyou
knowwhataBurdahis?Theyreplied,Yes,OProphetof
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God!Itisapieceofwovencloth[similartoashawl].The
womansaid:OProphetofGod!Ihavewoventhisshawl
withmyownhands, foryou towear.TheMessengerof
God () took itwhilehedirelyneeded it.Afterawhile,
theMessengerofGod ()cameoutofhishomewearing
it,andaCompanionsaidtotheMessengerofGod():O
ProphetofGod!Grantme thisshawl towear!TheMes
sengerofGod()said: Yes.Hethensatforawhile,and
headed
back
home,
folded
it
and
gave
it
to
the
person
who
askedforit.TheCompanionsscoldedhimsaying:Itwas
not appropriate for you to ask for his shawl; especially
since you know he does not turn anyone down or send
themawayemptyhanded!Themansaid: ByGod!Ionly
askedhimtogiveittomebecauseIwanttobeshrouded
inthisshawlwhenIdie.Sahl,thenarratoroftheHadeeth
said:Theshawlwasusedasashroudforthatmanwhenhedied. (Bukhari#1987)
15. Strong Faith and Dependence on God: Although the
Prophet () and his companions faced severe trials from the
disbelievers,healwaysremindedthemthattheendwasforthe
believers, and that theWill ofGodwill come to pass.When
AbuBakrandtheProphethidinacaveaftertheyhadlefttheir
homes in order tomigrate toMadeenah, the disbelievers of
Makkahhadsentscoutsinsearchofthem.Theycamesoclose
tothecavethatAbuBakrcouldseetheirfeet.AbuBakrsaid:
I lookedat the feetof thepaganswhilewewere in the
cave [ofThawr]. I said, OProphetofGod! If anyoneof
them looksdownathis feethewouldseeus!TheMessengerofGod()said: OAbuBakr!Whatdoyouthink
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oftwowithwhomGod,theExalted,istheirThird? (Muslim#1854)
16.KindnessandCompassion:TheProphetwasthekindestof
people,andthiswasalsoapparentinhistreatmentofinfants.
The Messenger of God () performed Salah (prayer)
while he was carrying an infant girl named Umaamah,
daughterofAbulAas.Whenhebowed,heputheronthe
ground,andwhenhestoodup,hewouldcarryheragain.(Bukhari#5650)
17.SimplificationandEase:TheProphet()alwayssoughtto
makethingseasyforpeople.TheMessengerofGod()said:
Istarttheprayerwiththeintentionoflengtheningit,but
whenIhearachildcrying,Ishortentheprayer,asIknow
itsmotherwouldsufferfromhisscreams!(Bukhari#677)
18. FearingGod, beingMindful to not trespassHis Limits:
TheMessengerofGod()said:
Sometimes,when I return tomy family, Iwould find a
datefruit on thebed. Iwouldpick itup to eat it;but I
wouldfearthatitwasfromthecharity21,andthus,throwit
back[ontheground]. (Bukhari#2300)
19.SpendingGenerously:AnasbinMaliksaid:
TheMessenger ofGod ()was never asked for some
thing when a person accepted Islam, except that he
21ItwasforbiddenbyGodfortheProphet()orhisfamilytoaccept
anyformofcharity.
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granted that personwhat he asked.Aman came to the
Prophet () and he gave him a herd of sheep thatwas
grazingbetweentwomountains.Themanreturnedtohis
peopleandsaid: OmypeopleacceptIslam!Muhammad
()givesoutgenerouslylikeonewhodoesnotfearpov
erty. (Muslim#2312)
IbnAbbassaid:
TheProphet()wasthemostgenerousofpeople.Hewas
most generous during Ramadhan when he met Gabriel
();hewouldmeethimeverynightduringRamadhanto
practiceandreview theQuranwithhim.TheMessenger
ofGod ()was sogenerous, thathewas faster than the
swiftestwindinthisregard. (Bukhari#6)
AbuDharrsaid:
Iwaswalkingwith theProphet () in theHarrah (vol
canic region) of Madeenah and we faced the mount of
Uhud;theProphet()said:OAbuDharr!Isaid:HereI
amOMessengerofGod!Hesaid:Itwouldnotpleaseme
tohaveanamountofgoldequal to theweightofMount
Uhud,until Ispendandgive itout (in thesakeofGod)
withinanightorwithinthreenights.Iwouldkeepasinglesilverpieceofittohelpthosewhoareindebt. (Bukhari#2312)
Jabirb.Abdullahsaid:
TheProphetdidnotrefusetogiveanythingwhichhe
hadtosomeoneifheaskedforit. (Bukhari#5687)
20.Cooperation: The Prophet ()was not a kingwho com
mandedhisfollowerstocarryouthisorders.Ratherhealways
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carriedouthisownaffairsandhelpedothers incollectivedu
ties.Aishahwas once asked about how the Prophet ()be
havedwithhisfamily.Shesaid:
He helped and assisted his family memberswith their
chores;butwhen the call toprayerwasheard,hewould
[stopeverythingand]leavetoattendtheprayers.
AlBaraabinAzibsaid:
IsawtheMessengerofGod()ontheDayoftheTrenchcarryingdirt[thatwasdugfromthetrench]untilhischest
wascoveredwithdirt. (Bukhari#2780)
21.Truthfulness:Aishahsaid:
The traitand characteristicwhich theProphet ()hated
mostwas
lying.
A
man
would
tell
alie
in
the
presence
of
theProphet()andhewouldholditagainsthim,untilhe
knewthatherepented.(Tirmidthi#1973)
Even his enemies attested to his truthfulness.AbuJahl,who
wasoneoftheharshestenemiesofIslam,said:OMuhammad!
Idonotsaythatyouarea liar!Ionlydenywhatyoubrought
andwhatyoucallpeopleto.God,theExalted,says:
We know indeed that what they say certainly grieves
you,butsurely theydonotcallyoua liar;but theunjust
denytheversesofGod. [6:33]
22.AggrandizingthelimitssetbyAllah,andAlwaysSeeking
theModeratePath:Aishahsaid:
TheProphet()wasnotgivenachoicebetweentwomat
ters,exceptthathechosetheeasierofthetwo,aslongasit
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wasnotasinfulact.Ifthatactwasasinfulact,hewould
bethefarthestfromit.ByGod!Heneveravengedhimself.
Heonlybecameangrywhenpeopletransgressedthelim
itsandboundariesofGod;inthatcaseheavenged[forthe
sakeofGod]. (Bukhari#6404)
23.PleasantFacialExpression:AbdullahbinalHarithsaid:
IhaveneverseenamanwhosmiledasmuchastheMes
sengerofGod(). (Tirmidthi#2641)
24.Honesty,TrustworthinessandReliability:TheProphet()
waswellknown forhishonesty.ThepagansofMakkah who
wereopenlyhostile towardshim would leave theirvaluables
withhim.Hishonestyandreliabilitywas testedwhen thepa
gansofMakkahabusedhimandtorturedhiscompanionsand
drove themoutof theirhomes.Heorderedhis cousin,Alib.
AbiTalibtopostponehismigrationforthreedaystoreturnto
peopletheirvaluables.22
Anotherexampleofhishonesty,trustworthinessandreliability
isdemonstrated intheTruceofHudaibiyah,whereinheagreed
to thearticle in the treatywhichstated thatanymanwho left
theProphet ()wouldnotbe returned tohim, and anymanwholeftMakkahwouldbereturnedtothem.Beforethetreaty
wasconcludedamannamedAbuJandalb.Amrhadmanaged
toescape from thepagansofMakkahand rushed tojoinMu
hammad (). The pagans asked Muhammad to honor his
pledgeandreturntheescapee.TheMessengerofGod()said:
22IbnHishamsBiography,Vol.1,p.493[ArabicEdition].
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OAbu Jandal!BepatientandaskGod tograntyoupa
tience.Godwillsurelyhelpyouandthosewhoareperse
cutedandmakeiteasyforyou.Wehavesignedanagree
ment with them, and we certainly do not betray or act
treacherously. (Baihaquee#18611)
25.Braveryandcourage:Alisaid:
YoushouldhaveseenhimontheDayofBadr!Wesought
refugewiththeMessengerofGod().Hewastheclosestamongus to the enemy.On thatDay, theMessenger of
God()wasthestrongestoneamongus. (Ahmed#654)
As forhis courageandbraveryundernormal circumstances
Anasb.Maliksaid:
TheMessengerofGod()wasthebestofpeopleandthe
most courageous. One night, the people of Madeenah
were frightened and headed towards the sounds they
heard during the night.TheMessenger ofGod ()met
themwhilecomingbackfromtheplaceofthesound,after
hemadesure that therewasno trouble.Hewas ridinga
horse that belonged toAbu Talhahwithout any saddle,
andhehadhisswordwithhim.Hewasassuringthepeo
ple,saying: Donotbefrightened!Donotbefrightened!(Bukhari#2751)
Hemetupwithpeopleridingahorsewithnosaddle,andhe
carriedhissword,fortheremightbeareasonorneedtouseit.
Hedidnotwaitforotherstoinvestigatethesourceoftroubleas
isusuallydoneinthesesituations.
26.BashfulnessandModesty:AbuAyoubalAnsarisaid that
theMessengerofAllah()said:Four(traits)arefromtheprac
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tice of the Messengers; modesty, using perfume and siwak
(toothstick)andmarriage. (Tirmidthi)
Aishahsaid: Awomanasked theProphet ()about thebath
whichistakenattheendofthemenstrualperiod.TheProphet
() said: Purify yourselfwith a piece of cloth scentedwith
musk.TheProphet () felt shy and turnedhis face.Aishah
said:IpulledhertomyselfandtoldherwhattheProphet()
meant. (Bukhari#313)
27.Humbleness:TheMessengerofGod()wasthemosthum
bleperson.Hewassohumble that ifastrangerwere toenter
themosqueandapproach theProphetssittingplacewhilehe
wassittingwithhisCompanions,onewouldnotbeabletodis
tinguishhimfromhisCompanions.AnasbinMaliksaid:
Once,whileweweresittingwith theMessengerofGod() in theMasjid,amanonhiscamelapproached.After
hetieditwitharope,heasked:WhoamongstyouisMu
hammad?TheMessengerofGod ()was sittingon the
groundwhilehewas leaning,withhisCompanions.We
directedtheBedouin,saying: Thiswhitemanleaningon
the ground. The Prophet () did not differ nor distin
guishhimselffromhisCompanions.
TheProphet()wouldnothesitatetohelpthepoor,needyand
widowsintheirneeds.Anasb.Maliksaid:
Awoman from the people ofMadeenahwhowas par
tially insane said to theProphet (): Ihave to ask you
[yourhelp]aboutsomething.Hehelpedherandtookcare
ofherneeds.(Bukhari#670)
28.MercyandCompassion:AbuMasoodalAnsarisaid:
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Aman came to the Prophet () and said: OMessenger of
God! By God! I do not pray Fajr prayer because so and so
lengthenstheprayer. Hesaid: Ihaveneverseen theMessen
gerofGod()deliveraspeechinsuchanangrystate.Hesaid:
O People!Verily there are among you thosewho chase
people away! If you lead people in prayer, shorten the
prayer. There are old and weak people and those with
specialneedsbehindyouinprayer. (Bukhari#670)
OncewhentheProphet()wenttovisithisgrandchildheshed
sometears.
TheMessengerofGod()satwiththechildwhilehewas
onhisdeathbed.Thechildseyesfrozeintheirplaceslike
stones.Uponseeingthat,theMessengerofGod()wept.
Sad said to him, What is this O Prophet ofGod?He
said: This isamercy thatGod, theExalted,places in theheartsofHisslaves.Truly,God ismerciful to thosewho
aremercifultowardsothers. (Bukhari#6942)
29.PatienceandForbearance:AnasbinMaliksaid:
Once, I was walking with the Messenger of God ()
whilehewaswearingaYemeni cloakwithacollarwith
roughedges.ABedouingrabbedhimstrongly.Ilookedat
thesideofhisneckandsawthattheedgeofthecloakleft
amark on his neck. The Bedouin said, OMuhammad!
Giveme[some]ofthewealthofGodthatyouhave.The
MessengerofGod()turnedtotheBedouin,laughedand
orderedthathebegiven[somemoney]. (Bukhari#2980)
Another example of his patience is the story of the JewishRabbi,ZaidbinSanah.Zaidhadgivensomethingasaloanto
theMessengerofGod().Hehimselfsaid,
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Twoorthreedayspriortothereturnofthedebt,theMes
sengerofGod()wasattendingthefuneralofamanfrom
theAnsar.Abu Bakr andUmar,Uthman and some other
CompanionswerewiththeProphet().Afterheprayedthe
funeralprayerhe satdown close toawall,and I came to
wards him, grabbed him by the edges of his cloak, and
looked at him in a harsh way, and said: OMuhammad!
Willyounotpaymebackmy loan? Ihavenotknown the
family
of
Abdul
Mutalib
to
delay
in
repaying
debts!
I looked atUmar b. alKhattaab his eyeswere swollen
withanger!Helookedatmeandsaid:OEnemyofGod,do
youtalktotheMessengerofGodandbehavetowardshim
in thismanner?!By theOnewho senthimwith the truth,
had itnotbeen for the fear of not entering theHeavenly
Gardens, Iwouldhavebeheadedyouwithmysword!The
Prophet ()was looking atUmar in a calm and peaceful
manner, andhe said: OUmar, you shouldhave givenus
sincerecounseling,ratherthantodowhatyoudid!OUmar,
goandrepayhimhisloan,andgivehimtwentySaa(meas
urementofweight)extrabecauseyouscaredhim!
Zaidsaid:Umarwentwithme,andrepaidmethedebt,and
gavemeoverittwentySaaofdates.Iaskedhim: Whatisthis?He said: TheMessenger ofGod () orderedme to
giveit,becauseIfrightenedyou.ZaidthenaskedUmar:O
Umar,doyouknowwho I am?Umar said: No, Idont
who are you?Zaid said: I amZaid b. Sanah.Umar in
quired:TheRabbi?Zaidanswered:Yes,theRabbi.Umar
thenaskedhim: Whatmadeyousaywhatyousaid to the
Prophet ()anddowhatyoudid tohim?Zaidanswered:
OUmar, Ihave seen all the signs ofprophethood in the
faceoftheMessengerofGod()excepttwo(thefirst)his
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patience and perseverance precede his anger and the sec
ond,themoreharsheryouaretowardshim,thekinderand
morepatienthebecomes,andIamnowsatisfied.OUmar,I
hold you as awitness that I testify and am satisfied that
thereisnotruegodworthyofbeingworshippedexceptGod
alone,andmyreligion isIslamandMuhammad () ismy
Prophet.Ialsoholdyouasawitnessthathalfofmywealth
andIamamongthewealthiestpeopleinMadeenah Igive
for
the
sake
of
God
to
the
Muslims.
Umar
said:
you
will
notbeabletodistributeyourwealthtoalltheMuslims,so
say, I will distribute it to some of the followers of Mu
hammad ().Zaidsaid: I said, then Iwilldistribute (the
apportioned)wealthtosomeoftheMuslims.BothZaidand
Umar returned to theMessengerofGod ().Zaid said to
him: Ibearwitnessthatthereisnotruegodworthyofbe
ingworshippedexceptGodalone,andthatMuhammad()istheslaveofGodandHisMessenger.Hebelievedinhim,
andwitnessedmanybattlesand thendied in theBattleof
Tabookwhilehewas encountering the enemy mayGod
havemercyonZaid.(IbnHibban#288)
Agreatexampleofhis forgivenessandperseverance isappar
entwhen
he
pardoned
the
people
of
Makkah
after
its
conquest.
WhentheMessengerofGod()gatheredthepeople;whohad
abused,harmedandtorturedhimandhiscompanions,andhad
driventhemoutofthecityofMakkah,hesaid:
WhatdoyouthinkIwilldotoyou?Theyanswered:You
willonlydosomethingfavorable;youareakindandgen
erous brother, and a kind and generous nephew! The
Prophet()said:Go youarefreetodoasyouwish.(Baihaqi#18055)
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30.Patience:TheMessengerofGod()wastheepitomeofpa
tience.Hewaspatientwithhispeoplebefore calling them to
Islam;fortheywouldworshipidolsanddosinfulacts.Hewas
patient and tolerantwith the abuse and harm the pagans of
Makkah inflictedonhimandhisCompanionsandsought the
rewardofGod.Hewasalsopatientandtolerantwiththeabuse
ofthehypocritesinMadeenah.
Hispatiencewasseverely testedwhenhe losthis lovedones.
Hiswife, Khadeejah, died during his lifetime, as did all hischildren, save his daughter, Fatimah.His uncleHamzah and
AbuTalibpassed away aswell.TheProphet ()waspatient
andsoughttherewardofGod.Anasb.Maliksaid:
WeenteredthehouseofAbuSaif theblacksmith with
theProphet().AbuSaifswifewasthewetnurseofhis
son,Ibraheem.
The
Messenger
of
God ()
lifted
his
son
Ibraheem,andsmelledandkissedhim.Afterawhilehe
wentandsawhissonagain hewasdying.TheProphet
()startedtocry.Abdurrahmaanb.Aufsaid: OProphet
ofGod,youtoocry!TheMessenger()said:OIbnAuf,
thisisamercy theProphet()shedmoretearsandsaid:
Theeyes shed tears, theheart issaddened,andweonly
saywhatpleasesourLord,andwearesaddenedbyyourdeath,OIbraheem!(Bukhari#1241)
31. Justice andFairness:TheMessengerofGod ()wasjust
andfairineveryaspectofhislifeandintheapplicationofthe
religion.Aishahsaid:
ThepeopleofQuraishwere extremely concerned about aMakhzoomi woman (i.e. the woman from the tribe of
Makhzoom)whocommittedatheft.Theyconversedamong
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kissedit,saying:Ionlymeanttodothis,OMessengerof
God! (AbuDawood#5224)
32.FearingGod,andBeingMindfulofHim:TheMessengerof
God ()was themostmindfulperson ofGod.Abdullahbin
Masoudsaid:
[Once] theMessengerofGod () said tome: Recite to
mefromtheQuran!Abdullahb.Masoodsaid:ShallIre
citeittoyou,whileitwasyoutowhomitwasrevealed?!TheProphet()said:Yes.Hesaid:IstartedtoreciteSu
ratanNisaa23,untilIreachedtheverse:
How then ifWebrought from eachnationawitness,
andWebroughtyouasawitnessagainstthesepeople!(4:41)
Uponhearing thisverse, theMessengerofGod ()said:That is enough! Abdullah b. Masood said, I turned
aroundandsawtheMessengerofGod()crying. (Bukhari#4763)
Aishahsaid:
If theMessenger ofGod () sawdark clouds in the sky;he
wouldpaceforwardsandbackwardsandwouldexitandenterhishouse.As soon as it rained, theProphet ()would relax.
Aishahaskedhimaboutit,andhesaid:Idonotknow,itmay
beassomepeoplesaid:
Then, when they saw the (penalty in the shape of) a
cloud traversing the sky, coming to meet their valleys,
theysaid:
This
cloud
will
give
us
rain!
Nay,
it
is
the
(ca
23ThefourthchapteroftheQuran.
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lamity)youwereasking tobehastened!Awindwherein
isaGrievousPenalty!24(46:24)
33. Richness and Contentment of the Heart: Umar b. al
Khattabsaid:
Ientered theMessengershouseandIfoundhimsitting
onamat.Hehadaleatherpillowstuffedwithfibers.He
hadapotofwaterbyhisfeet,andtherewassomeclothes
hungonthewall.Hissidehadmarksduetothematthathelayon.Umarweptwhenhesawthis,andtheMessen
ger () asked him: Why do youweep?Umar said: O
ProphetofGod!KhosrauandCaesarenjoythebestofthis
world,andyouaresufferinginpoverty?!Hesaid:Arent
youpleasedthattheyenjoythisworld,andwewillenjoy
theHereafter? (Bukhari#4629)
34.HopingforGoodness,EvenforhisEnemies:Aishahsaid:
Iasked theMessengerofGod (): Didyou faceaday
harderandmoreintensethantheBattleofUhud?Here
plied: Isufferedalotfromyourpeople!TheworstIsuf
feredwasontheDayofalAqabahwhenIspoketoAlib.
AbdYaleelb.AbdKilaal(inordertosupportme)buthe
disappointedmeand leftme. I left theareawhile Iwas
quiteworried,andwalked whenIreachedanareacalled
QarnathThaalib,Iraisedmyheadtotheskyandnoticed
acloudthatshadedme.Gabriel()calledmeandsaid:O
Muhammad!God, theExalted,hasheardwhatyourpeo
plehavesaidtoyou andhassenttheAngelinchargeof
themountains,soyoucancommandhim todowhatyou
24Bukhari#3034.
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please.TheProphet()said:TheAngelinchargeofthe
mountains called me saying: May God praise you and
keepsafefromallevil!OMuhammad,Iwilldowhatever
youcommandme todo. Ifyou like Icanbring theAkh
shabainmountainstogetherandcrushthemall.TheMes
sengerofGod () said: Itmaybe thatGod raises from
amongthemaprogenywhoworshipGodaloneandasso
ciatenopartnerswithHim. (Bukhari#3059)
SSSS
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TheProphetsMannerswithThosearoundHim
1. The Prophets close relations with his Companions: The
Prophetwas very close to his companions, and this iswell
knownwhenonereadsthedetailedreportsabouttheProphets
biography.TheProphet () is the examplewhichwe should
emulateinallourmatters.Jareerb.Abdullahsaid:TheProphet
()did
not
prevent
me
from
sitting
with
him
since
Iaccepted
Islam.He always smiledwhenhe looked atme. I once com
plainedtohimthatIcouldnotrideahorseandhehitmeinmy
chestandsupplicatedGod,saying:
OGod!Steadyhim,andmakehimapersonwhoguides
othersandasourceofguidance. (Bukhari#5739)
2.TheProphet ()wouldentertainhisCompanionsandjokewiththem:AlHasansaid:Anoldwomancametothe
Prophet () and said: OMessenger ofGod, askGod to
admit me into the Heavenly Gardens. He said: Old
women will not enter the Heavenly Gardens! She then
walked away crying.TheProphet () said: Tell her that
shewillnotentertheHeavenlyGardensasanoldwoman,
forAllahsays:
Verily,Wehavecreated them (maidens)of specialcrea
tion. And made them virgins. Loving (their husbands
only),(and)ofequalage. [56:357]
TheProphet()didnotonlyverballyentertainandjokewith
hiscompanions,butsportedandamusedthemaswell.Anasb.
Maliksaid:
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A Bedouin named Zahir b. Haram would give gifts to the
Prophet()andhewouldpreparethingsforhimaswell.The
Prophet()said:Zahirisourdesert,andwearehiscity.
The Prophet () approached him while he was selling his
goods,and theProphet ()huggedhim frombehind,andhe
couldnot seehim.He then said: Letmego!Whenheknew
that itwastheProphet()whowashugginghim,hepressed
hisbacktowardstheMessengerschest!TheMessengerofGod
()thensaid:Whowillbuythisslavefromme?Zahirsaid:OMessengerofGod, Iamworthless!TheMessengerofGod
said:
You are not considered worthless by God! or he said:
YouarevaluableandprecioustoGod.(IbnHibban#5790)
3.HewouldconsulthisCompanions:TheProphet()would
consulthisCompanions,andtaketheiropinionsandpointsofviewintoconsiderationinissuesandmattersforwhichnotex
tualproofswererevealed.AbuHurairahsaid:
Ihavenotseenapersonmorekeenforthesincereadvice
ofhiscompanionsthantheMessengerofGod(). (Tirmidthi#1714)
4.Visitingthesick,whetherhewasMuslimornonMuslim:The Prophet () was concerned about his Companions and
wouldmake sure that theywerewell. Ifhewas told about a
Companionwhowassick,hewouldrushtovisithimwiththe
Companions that were present with him. He wouldnt only
visit theMuslimswhowere sick; rather,hewould even visit
nonMuslims.Anasb.Maliksaid:
A Jewish boywould serve the Prophet () and he fell
sick, so the Prophet () said: Let us go and visit him.
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Theywenttovisithim,andfoundhisfathersittingbyhis
head,and theMessengerofGod ()said: proclaim that
there isno truegodworthyofbeingworshipped except
Allah alone and Iwill intercede on your behalf on ac
countofitontheDayofResurrection.Theboylookedat
hisfather,andthefathersaid:ObeyAbulQasim!25sothe
boyuttered: There isno truegodworthyofbeingwor
shippedexceptAllahaloneandMuhammad()isthelast
Messenger.
The
Messenger
of
God()
said:
All
praise
is
due toGod,Whosavedhim from theFireofHell. (IbnHibban#2960)
5.Hewas grateful for peoples goodness towards him, and
wouldrewardthatgenerously:Abdullahb.Umarsaidthatthe
MessengerofGod()said:
Whoever
seeks
refuge
with
God
against
your
evil,
then
do
notharmhim.WhoeverasksyoubyGod,thengivehim.
Whoever invitesyou, thenaccepthis invitation.Whoever
doesafavorforyouoranactofkindness,thenrepayhim
inasimilarmanner;butifyoudonotfindthatwhichyou
can reward himwith, then supplicateGod for him con
tinuously,untilyou thinkyouhave repaidhim. (Ahmed
#6106)
Aishahsaid:
TheMessenger ofGod () would accept gifts, and re
wardgenerouslyonaccountofthat.(Bukhari#2445)
6.TheMessengersloveforeverythingwhichisbeautifuland
good:Anassaid:
25AnothernameoftheProphet().
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Thehandof theMessengerofGod ()was softer than
anysilkthatIhadevertouched,andhisscentwassweeter
thananyperfumethatIhadeversmelt. (Bukhari#3368)
7.TheMessengerofGod()lovedtohelpothersbyinterced
ingontheirbehalf:
Abdullahb.Abbassaid:
Thehusband ofBareerahwas a slavewhosenamewas
Mugheeth IsawhimwalkingbehindherinthestreetsofMadeenahcrying,andhistearswerefallingoffhisbeard.
TheMessengerofGod () said toAlAbbas: Doesnt it
amazeyou,howmuchMugheethlovesBareerah,andhow
muchshedislikesMugheeth!
TheProphet()saidtoBareerah:Whydontyougoback
tohim?Shesaidtohim: Areyoucommandingmetodo
so?Hesaid:No,butIamintercedingonhisbehalf.She
said:Ihavenoneedforhim. (Bukhari#4875)
8.TheMessenger ofGod ()would servehimself:Aishah
said:
Iwasaskedhow theMessengerofGod ()behaved in
hishouse.
She
said:
He
was
like
any
man;
he
washed
his
clothes,milked his sheep, and served himself. (Ahmed24998)
TheProphetsexcellentmanners,notonlymadehimservehim
self;rather,hewouldserveothersaswell.Aishahsaid:
Iwasaskedhow theMessengerofGod ()behaved in
his
house.
She
said:
He
would
help
out
in
the
house
with
thedailychores,andwhenheheardtheAdthanhewould
leave[everythingandhead]fortheMosque. (Bukhari5048)
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StatementsofJusticeandEquity:
1.TheGermanPoet,WolfgangGethe26, said: I looked into
history for ahumanparadigmand found it tobe inMuham
mad.
2. Professor Keith Moore27, said in hisbook: The Developing
Human:
ItiscleartomethatthesestatementsmusthavecometoMu
hammadfromGod,orAllah,becausemostofthisknowledge
wasnotdiscovereduntilmanycenturieslater.Thisprovesto
methatMuhammadmusthavebeenamessengerofGod,or
Allah.
He further said: I have nodifficulty inmymind reconciling
thatthisisadivineinspirationorrevelation,whichleadhimto
thesestatements.
3.Dr.MauriceBucaille28,saidinhisbook:TheQuran,andMod
ernScience:
A totallyobjectiveexaminationof it [theQuran] in the light
ofmodern knowledge, leads us to recognize the agreement
26Germanwriter and scientist.Amaster ofpoetry,drama, and the
novel.Healsoconductedscientificresearchinvariousfields,notably
botany,andheldseveralgovernmentalpositions.
27 He was the former President of the Canadian Association of
Anatomists,Departmentof anatomy and cellbiology,University of
Toronto.
28 Dr. Maurice Bucaille was an eminent French surgeon, scientist,
scholarandauthorofTheBible,TheQuranandScience.
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betweenthetwo,ashasbeenalreadynotedonrepeatedocca
sions.ItmakesusdeemitquiteunthinkableforamanofMu
hammads time tohavebeen the authorof such statements,
onaccountofthestateofknowledgeinhisday.Suchconsid
erations are part ofwhat gives theQuranic Revelation its
uniqueplace, and forces the impartial scientist to admithis
inability to provide an explanationwhich calls solely upon
materialisticreasoning.
4.AnnieBesant29inTheLifeandTeachingsofMohammad,said:
Itisimpossibleforanyonewhostudiesthelifeandcharacter
ofthegreatProphetofArabia,whoknewhowhetaughtand
howhe lived, to feel anythingbut reverence for themighty
Prophet,oneofthegreatmessengersoftheSupreme.Andal
though inwhat Iput toyou I shall saymany thingswhich
maybe
familiar
to
many,
yet
Imyself
feel,
whenever
Ireread
them,anewwayofadmiration,anewsenseofreverencefor
thatmightyArabianteacher.
5.Dr.GustavWeilinHistoryoftheIslamicPeoplessaid:
Muhammadwasashiningexampletohispeople.Hischarac
terwaspureandstainless.Hishouse,hisdress,hisfoodthey
werecharacterizedbyararesimplicity.Sounpretentiouswashe that he would receive from his companions no special
markofreverence,norwouldheacceptanyservicefromhis
slavewhichhecoulddoforhimself.Hewasaccessibletoall
atalltimes.Hevisitedthesickandwasfullofsympathyfor
29 English theosophist, philosopher, and political figurewho advo
catedhomeruleandeducationalreformsinIndia.
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all.Unlimitedwashisbenevolenceandgenerosityasalsowas
hisanxiouscareforthewelfareofthecommunity.30
6.MauriceGaudefroysaid:
Muhammadwasaprophet,notatheologian,afactsoevident
thatoneisloathtostateit.Themenwhosurroundedhimand
constituted the influential elite of theprimateMuslim com
munity, contented themselveswith obeying the law thathe
hadproclaimed in thenameofAllahandwith followinghis
teachingandexample.31
7.WashingtonIrving32,said:
Hismilitary triumphs awakenednopridenorvainglory as
theywouldhavedonehadtheybeeneffectedbyselfishpur
poses. In the time of his greatest power hemaintained the
same
simplicity
of
manner
and
appearance
as
in
the
days
of
his adversity. So far from affecting regal state, hewas dis
pleasedif,onenteringaroom,anyunusualtestimonialofre
spectwasshowntohim.33
8.EdmundBurkesaid:TheMuhammadanlaw,whichisbind
ingonall from the crownedhead to themeanest subject, isa
law interwovenwitha systemof thewisest, themost learned
andthemostenlightenedjurisprudencethateverexistedinthe
world.34
30EncyclopediaofSeerah,byAfzalurRahman.
31ibid
32 Hewasafamouswriter.Hediedin1859.33EncyclopediaofSeerah,byAfzalurRahman.
34ibid
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TheWivesoftheProphet:
After the death of his firstwife,Khadeejah, the Prophet ()
marriedelevenwomen;allweredivorcees,exceptforAishah.
Sixofhiswiveswerefromthe tribeofQuraish,and fivewere
fromdifferentArabian tribes.TheProphet ()married these
womenforanumberofreasons:
1.Religiousandlegislativepurpose:TheProphet()married
Zainabb.Jahsh.TheArabsintheEraofIgnorancewouldpro
hibit aman frommarrying thewife ofhis adopted son; they
believedthattheadoptedsonwaslikeamansactualsoninall
aspects.TheProphet()marriedher,althoughshewasprevi
ously thewifeofhisadoptedson,Zaidb.Harithah.TheMes
sengerofGod ()marriedher toabolish thisbelief.God, the
Exalted,says:
AndwhenyousaidtohimtowhomAllahhadshownfa
vorandtowhomyouhadshownafavor:keepyourwife
toyourselfandbecarefulof(yourdutyto)Allah;andyou
concealed inyour soulwhatAllahwouldbring to light,
andyoufearedmen,andAllahhadagreaterrightthatyoushould fear Him. But when Zaid had accomplished his
wantofher,Wegavehaveher toyou as awife, so that
thereshouldbenodifficultyforthebelieversinrespectof
thewivesof their adopted sons,when theyhave accom
plishedtheirwantofthem;andAllahscommandshallbe
fulfilled.. (33:37)
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2.PoliticalreasonsandforthespreadofIslam,toinvitepeo
pletoIslam,andtogainthefavoroftheArabtribes:TheMes
sengerofGod()marriedwomenfromthelargestandstrong
estArabtribes.TheProphet()orderedhisCompanionstodo
thisaswell.TheProphet()saidtoAbdurrahmaanb.Auf:
Iftheyobeyyou(i.e.acceptIslam)thenmarrythedaugh
teroftheheadofthetribe.
Dr.Cahansaid: Someoftheaspectsofhis lifemayseemcon
fusing to us due to present daymentality. TheMessenger is
criticizedduetohisobsessionofattainingworldlydesiresand
his ninewives,whom hemarried after the death of hiswife
Khadeejah.Ithasbeenconfirmedthatmostofthesemarriages
wereforpoliticalreasons,whichwereaimedtogainloyaltyof
somenobles,andtribes.
3.Social reasons:TheProphet ()married someofhisCom
panionswiveswhohaddied,inbattleorwhileonamissionto
preach Islam.Hemarried them even though theywere older
thanhim,andhedidsotohonorthemandtheirhusbands.
Veccia Vaglieri35 in her book In Defense of Islam said:
Throughout
the
years
of
his
youth,
Muhammad
()
only
mar
riedonewoman,eventhoughthesexualityofmanisatitspeak
duringthisperiod.Althoughhelivedinthesocietyhelivedin,
whereinpluralmarriagewasconsidered thegeneral rule,and
divorcewasveryeasy heonlymarriedonewoman,althoug