MT. ST. HELENS. PLANET WATER? ONLY 30% OF OUR PLANET IS SOIL.
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Transcript of MT. ST. HELENS. PLANET WATER? ONLY 30% OF OUR PLANET IS SOIL.
MT. ST. HELENS
PLANET WATER?
ONLY 30% OFOUR PLANETIS SOIL
Greek-( atmo) air
Greek-(bio) life
Greek-(hydro) water
Greek-(litho) stone
FOUR EARTHLY SPHERES
Equator 7,926 mi. across
PLATES MOVE BYTHE FORCEOF CONVECTION
CONVECTION
• CIRCULAR MOVEMENT CAUSED WHEN A MATERIAL IS HEATED, EXPANDS, AND RISES, AND THEN COOLS AND FALLS.
• THIS PROCESS IS THOUGHT TO BE OCCURRING IN THE MANTLE ROCK BENEATH THE PLATES.
Alfred WegenerGerman explorer
suggested thecontinentaldrift theory in the early 1900s.
TECTONIC PLATES ON THE EARTH
SEVEN LARGE PLATES AND MANY SMALLER PLATES
SPREADINGSUBDUCTION
FAULTING
This is occurring in the middle of the AtlanticOcean.
Thingvellir rift valley
in Iceland
SURTSEY
This is what
Surtsey looks like
today.
SUBDUCTION
NEW HAWAIIAN ISLAND FORMING- Loihi (Low-EE-Hee)
Will reachsurfacein50,000 yrs.
CONVERGENCE OF TWO CONTINENTAL PLATES
Kilauea in HawaiiOne of the most activevolcanoes in the world
Seaquakes can cause tsuanamis
TSUNAMI-JAPANESE FOR HARBOR WAVE
EARTHQUAKES• Tectonic plate movement also causes
earthquakes
• Seismographs measure earthquakes
• The Richter scale measures magnitude and strength –under 2 -9.0 or more
• Fires and floods often consume areas of an earthquake because gas and water pipe lines break
• Animal behavior key to alerting us of danger
Kobe, Japan 1995
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
• THE JAPANESE HAVE BEEN RETROFITTING (REINFORCING) PILLARS OF HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES
• and
• INSTALLING BASE ISOLATORS WHICH HELP BUILDINGS MOVE SOMEWHAT TO ACCOMMODATE AN EARTHQUAKE
• THEY HAVE BEEN BUILDING FLEXIBLE GAS AND WATER PIPES SO THAT THE LINES WILL NOT BREAK AS EASILY DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
• DEVELOPING A WARNING SYSTEM AND A PLAN FOR EVACUATION
Forces on the surface of the earth contribute to
• Hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones
• Tornadoes
• Floods
• Fires
• Drought
• Avalanches
• Storms/Blizzards/lightning
• Landslides
Wind patterns distribute the sun’s energy around our planet.
OCEAN CURRENTSCirculate cold water from polar regions toward the equator. Then warm currents move away from the equator cooling as it nears the polar regions.
RUBBERBATH TOYSFOUNDSTILL FLOATINGIN OCEANAFTER 11YEARS OFBEING LOSTAT SEA.
29,000 BATH TOYS FELL OVERBOARD . Only 400 have been recovered.
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
The Six-Year List of Hurricane Names for Atlantic Storms (2002 - 2007)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGustavHannaIsidoreJosephineKyleLiliMarcoNanaOmarPalomaReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred
AnaBillClaudetteDannyErikaFabianGraceHenriIsabelJuanKateLarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda
AlexBonnieCharleyDanielleEarlFrancesGastonHermineIvanJeanneKarlLisaMatthewNicoleOttoPaulaRichardSharyTomasVirginieWalter
ArleneBretCindyDennisEmilyFranklinGertHarveyIreneJoseKatrinaLeeMariaNateOpheliaPhilippeRitaStanTammyVinceWilma
AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSandyTonyValerieWilliam
AndreaBarry ChantalDean Erin Felix Gabrielle Humberto Ingrid Jerry Karen Lorenzo Melissa Noel Olga Pablo Rebekah Sebastien Tanya Van Wendy Do you see your name here?1996 - 2001 Hurricane Names
ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGustavHannaIkeJosephineKyleLauraMarcoNanaOmarPalomaReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred
Hurricane names for 2008New cycle starts with names from 2002
• WHAT IS EL NINO?
• EL NINO IS A WARM OCEAN CURRENT
THAT DEVELOPS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN ALONG THE EQUATORIAL
WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA
AND MAY EXTEND ACROSS THE
PACIFIC
• AMONG THESE CONSEQUENCES ARE:
• INCREASED RAINFALL ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE U.S. AND IN PERU
• DROUGHT IN THE WEST PACIFIC
• El NINO OCCURS EVERY 2-10 YEARS AND CAN LAST UP TO TWO YEARS
• IN THE PAST 40 YEARS, 9 EL NINOS HAVE AFFECTED CLIMATE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
LA NINA
COLD OCEAN CURRENT THAT
DEVELOPS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN
ALONG THE EQUATORIAL WEST
COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA
LA NINA
EL NINO
EL NINO-more rain southeast, drought in northwest
LA NINA-less rain southeast and southwest, more in north and nw
EL NINO-Warmer temperatures north & west, cooler southeast
LA NINA-warmer temperatures east/southeast, cooler west and northwest
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROTATION AND
REVOLUTION?
ROTATION
• THE SPINNING MOTION OF THE EARTH ON ITS AXIS TILTED AT
23 ½ DEGREES.
REVOLUTION• ONE COMPLETE ORBIT OF THE
EARTH AROUND THE SUN 365 ¼ DAYS
9/23
3/21
12/21
6/21
INTERNATIONALDATE LINE180 DEGREES
WESTERN DATEONE DAY BEHINDEASTERN DATE
How many time zones are there in the world?