MSN 510 Notes
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MSN 510 Notes
2. Fundamental Concepts in Image Formation and Processing
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Outline• Summary: Huygens-Fresnel Principle• The Fourier Transform• Diffraction from a single aperture• Convolution• Coherence of a lightwave: White light vs laser• What is a Lens?• Fourier Transforming property of a lens• Optical Filtering• The Eye• Magnifying Glass• A Simple Microscope
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Huygens-Fresnel Principle• Each Point acts as a point source
• Complex wave amplitude is calculated by adding up all contributions from source points
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Radiation pattern
• A polar plot of the intensity of from a source (measured far away from the source)
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The Fourier Transform
• We write a 1D or 2D function as the sum of sinusoids.
Convolution and fourier transforms
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Convolution
• Formal Definition
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Diffraction from a single aperture
• Slit
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Diffraction and FT
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Coherence• A measure of how sinusoidal the light is
– Or the length over which it interferes with itself
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What is a lens?
Ray transfer matrices
Free Space Thin lens
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Interesting Example