MSc STUDY PROGRAMME IN THE FACULTY OF GEOLOGY

MSc STUDY PROGRAMME IN THE FACULTY OF GEOLOGY AND GEOENVIRONMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS 2013‐14

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Geology and Geoenvironment MSc Programme STUDENT HANDBOOK Applied Environmental Geology, Stratigraphy‐ Paleontology, Geography and Environment, Dynamic Geology and Tectonics/ Hydrogeology, Geophysics‐Seismology

2013‐14

NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS SCHOOL OF SCIENCES FACULTY OF GEOLOGY AND GEOENVIRONMENT


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Geology and Geoenvironment MSc Programme 3

2. Specialization in Applied Environmental Geology 3

3. Specialization in Stratigraphy and Palaeontology 5

4. Specialization in Geography and the Environment 8

5. Specialization in Dynamic, Tectonic and Applied Geology 11

6. Specialization in Geophysics and Seismology 14

Editorial Handling by Prof. M. Economou and Assist. Prof. A. Argyraki

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1. Geology and Geoenvironment MSc Programme

The Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens offers a taught postgraduate programme leading to MSc degree in the following specializations (majors): • Applied Environmental Geology • Stratigraphy‐ Palaeontology • Geography and Environment • Dynamic Geology and Tectonics/ Hydrogeology • Geophysics‐ Seismology The duration of study is 2 years (4 semesters) and includes a series of lectures, practical and field exercises in the first year followed by a student dissertation project in the second year. All courses are delivered in the Greek language. Some details on each specialization of the programme are given in the following paragraphs.

2. Specialization in Applied Environmental Geology

The Postgraduate Study Programme “Applied Environmental Geology” was initiated in the academic year 2002‐03. (http://www.geol.uoa.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=365%3A‐l‐r&catid=128%3A2010‐08‐12‐

17‐02‐10&Itemid=272&lang=en). This program aims on providing students with skills appropriate to find solutions to geo‐environmental problems, within the frame of sustainable development. The objectives of the course are: • To provide the scientific understanding of the environmental risk and the assessment of

contamination in soil, water and atmosphere due to natural processes and/or human activities.

• To provide skills needed for the management of energy resources, primary raw materials and wastes, surface and groundwater resources.

• To provide training in modern field and laboratory environmental methods for environmental assessment, protection and remediation.

• To provide knowledge on the National and European environmental legislation enacted for pollution prevention and remediation.

The content of the courses is described below.

1st Semester ‐ Mandatory courses

1. Environmental Geology (10 ECTS‐credits1): General overview of environmental problems, geodynamic significance for evolution of the natural environment, environmental mineralogy and bio‐mineralogy. Fieldwork and Laboratory practice

2. Environmental Geochemistry (10 ECTS‐credits): Geochemical pollution of soil, water and atmosphere, kinetics of geochemical processes, the role of isotopes in geochemical processes, water chemistry, environmental implications of geochemical anomalies of elements, biogeochemistry, acid mine drainage and remediation technologies. Fieldwork and Laboratory practice.

3. Environmental hydrogeology and water resources management (10 ECTS‐credits): Reserves, management and exploration of groundwater, simulation techniques. Fieldwork practice.

1 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System

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http://www.geol.uoa.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=365%3A-l-r&catid=128%3A2010-08-12-17-02-10&Itemid=272&lang=en

http://www.geol.uoa.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=365%3A-l-r&catid=128%3A2010-08-12-17-02-10&Itemid=272&lang=en


1st semester ‐ Optional courses (two required)

1. Technical works and environment (5 ECTS‐credits): Seismic activity and technical works planning, planning of technical works, foundation of technical works, dams, slope stabilization.

2. Environmental Economics and Environmental law (5 ECTS‐credits): The course aims on providing an introduction to the theory of environmental economics, applications and case studies, and Environmental law ‐ environmental authorizations. European Directive on Environmental liability in relation to the prevention and remediation of environmental damage.

3. Management in energy and Environment (5 ECTS‐credits): Energy raw materials, Exploitation techniques of fly ash, Sequestration of CO2 emissions from the lignite‐fired power plants, Geothermal and hydroelectric works, Geothermal energy and its environment impact, Aeolian and solar energy. Energy policy.

4. Changes in sea level and global climate – Coast management (5 ECTS‐credits): Environmental problems of coasts, hydrodynamic analysis of coastal areas and sea level changes. Atmospheric pollutants and their impacts on air quality and climate changes. Models for predicting future climate change. Global changes and ecosystems.

2ND Semester ‐ Mandatory courses

1. Management of primary raw materials (10 ECTS‐credits): Geology of mineral deposits and geoenviromental models, wastes from mining activity, pilot plants and metallurgical processes, remediation techniques,

2. GIS‐Geostatistics, (10 ECTS‐credits): Geographic information systems for geoscientists, modelling with GIS. Evaluation of land and water monitoring using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Advanced Geostatistics, Simulations and Environmental Applications. Methods of environmental research and Environmental Reports (10 ECTS‐credits): Field and laboratory methods of environmental studies. Application of geophysical techniques to environmental problems. Remediation technologies with special emphasis to the bio‐remediation.

2ND Semester ‐ Optional courses (two required)

1. Waste management (5 ECTS‐credits): Landfill selection criteria for the waste management, modern technologies, recycling.

2. Conservation and restoration of monuments and archeological sites (5 ECTS‐credits): Identification of building stones‐location of ancient quarries used for the exploitation of the building materials in order to use them for the monuments restoration. Conservation techniques

3. Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (5 ECTS‐credits): Ecosystems, inshore and sea ecosystems. Pollution and remediation techniques

4. Urban and emergency planning‐Environmental impact studies (5 ECTS‐credits): The role of civil protection, civil protection authorities at national, regional and local level. Organization and promotion of volunteer organizations. Elaboration of the available scientific information for the mobilization of resources in case of emergencies.

3RD Semester

Mapping in areas with environmental interest (10 ECTS‐credits): Application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Seminars and Invited talks

4th Semester: Dissertation (30 ECTS‐credits): Preparation, presentation and examination.

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Student fieldwork at the bauxite mine of Kleisoura, Greece mainland.

Soil and plant sampling in the CrVI impacted area of Assopos‐Theva basin, Greece mainland.

3. Specialization in Stratigraphy and Palaeontology

This postgraduate specialization targets the most important issues in Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology. State or the art methodologies are taught and applied, such as high‐resolution stratigraphic logging, chemostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. Sedimentary basin analysis is used in a multidisciplinary approach to the study of basin evolution and extent of mineral resources such as hydrocarbons. Fossils, apart from biostratigraphic indicators, are used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment, palaeoclimate and palaeogeography, through palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. Mass extinctions and their causes are examined as well as species’ evolution through geologic time (http://geopal.geol.uoa.gr/pms_%20ma8imata_en.html).


1. Palaeontological methods (10 ECTS‐credits): Fossil collection and study techniques, and the analytic interpretation of the fossil record.

2. Sedimentological methods and depositional models (10 ECTS‐credits): Outcrop and drill core description, depositional processes, sedimentary facies analysis and interpretation, lithostratigraphic units and sequences, sequence stratigraphy and correlation, 3D depositional models.

3. Informatics applications in geosciences (10 ECTS‐credits): Introduction to Geographic Information Systems and geodatabase management.

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http://geopal.geol.uoa.gr/pms_%20ma8imata_en.html


2nd Semester ‐ Mandatory courses

1. Sedimentary basin analysis (10 ECTS‐credits): Sedimentary basin origination, filling and evolution. Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, tectonic, geometric and geochemical characteristics of the different basin types. Analysis methods: sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy. Important past and present sedimentary basins of Greece: passive and active continental margin basins, foreland basins and back‐arc basins. Flysch and molasse. Case studies and applications (e.g. in hydrocarbon research).

2. Palaeogeographical methods (10 ECTS‐credits): Reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment and its evolution through geologic time. Calcareous and clastic formations interpretation, microfacies analysis, sequence stratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy, isotopic data incorporation, palaeoecologic analysis, palaeoclimate reconstruction. 2nd Semester ‐ Optional courses

(two courses are required)

1. Statistics ‐ Biometry (10 ECTS‐credits): Quantitative morphometric analysis. Species identification and morphotypes. Palaeoecologic – palaeoenvironmental statistical analysis methods. Case studies.

2. Micropalaeontology (5 ECTS‐credits): Foraminifera and Calcareous nannofossils. Modern systematic taxonomy. Bio‐events and geologic time. High – resolution biostratigraphy and biochronology. Uses in applied geosciences. Global biostratigraphic correlations.

3. Macrofauna evolution in geologic time and space (5 ECTS‐credits): Fossil biocommunities’s structure and evolution in geologic time. Inter‐population interactions. Biotic and abiotic conditions, environmental limitations (climate, substratum etc), internal dynamic parameters – biotic interations, distribution limitations (geographic parameters analysis, mobility).

4. Plant evolution in geologic time and space (5 ECTS‐credits): Plant evolution record, representations and chronology. The first plant forms and primal environments, the first woods, mass extinctions, biogeographic distribution and plant distribution through geologic time.

3rd Semester ‐ Mandatory courses

1. Stratigraphical – Palaeontological – Sedimentological applications in the field (10 ECTS‐credits): Field work methodologies in connection with the optional courses and the master’s thesis. This may include: Formation recognition and description, geologic mapping, facies lateral transitions and transformation, stratigraphic sequences field identification, tectonic phenomena field identification based on stratigraphic data, fossiliferous horizons, palaeontologic excavations, macroscopic description of the lithostratigraphic and sedimentologic formation characteristics, study and sampling methodologies in modern and palaeo‐ environments. On site facies identification and dating.

3rd Semester ‐ Optional courses (four courses are required)

1. Marine Ecosystems (5 ECTS‐credits): The role of microorganisms in the lithosphere – atmosphere – hydrosphere interactions. Biogeochemical indicators and microfossils. Primary productivity and the global carbon cycle, stable isotopes and palaeoceanographic applications. Marine protists (Coccolithiphores, Foraminifera, Dinoflagellates etc) and the benthic meiofauna as environmental health indicators. Applications in the Greek marine modern and palaeo‐ environments.

2. Terrestrial ecosystems (5 ECTS‐credits): Classification, protection and management. Sustainable use and development or terrestrial biotopes. Mediterranean ecosystems.

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Stable and migrating terrestrial faunas. Terrestrial biodiversity analysis. Trophic chain model creation and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems, using fossil remains of fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, bivalves, gastropods, insects, ostracods, and plants. Reconstruction of ancient terrestrial environments and ecosystems.

3. Geoarchaeology (5 ECTS‐credits): Dating methodologies, tephrochronology, archaeometry. Stratigraphic, micropalaeontologic and sedimentologic methods in archaeological research. Micromorphologic – microfacies analysis, bioarchaeology, archaeozoology, archaeobotany, palynology, organic remains analysis, sampling methodologies, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions of archaeological interest, past human – nature interactions, Quaternary climatic variability implications for the civilization growth, development and deterioration.

4. Geological monuments and geotopes (5 ECTS‐credits): Natural monuments and Geological Heritage, monuments classification, geotopes and geological parks, recording, preservation, protection, conservation and presentation of geological monuments, important Greek geological monuments, Museum and Exhibitions.

5. Alpine formations Stratigraphy (5 ECTS‐credits): The main formations of the alpine system in their palaeogeographic framework: Triassic evaporites, platform formations, condensed facies, pelagic formations (Ammonitico Rosso, Posidonia beds, Radiolarites, Maiolica‐type limestones), Flysch, Molasse, Oceanic Anoxic Events and important chronostratigraphic boundaries in alpine formations.

6. Pelagic and neritic formations Stratigraphy (5 ECTS‐credits): Introduction to the neritic and pelagic environment, neritic, semi‐pelagic and pelagic sedimentation, fossils, micropalaeontological and biostratigraphical analyses, protist and invertebrate biofacies, palaeodepth, Palaeoecology, ecostratigraphy – ecozones, palaeoenvironment.


Students working during a paleontological excavation at Pikermi site, Attica.

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4. Specialization in Geography and the Environment

During the academic year 2002‐03 the Department of Geography and Climatology initiated the postgraduate specialization programme entitled “Geography and Environment” (http://www.geol.uoa.gr/engindex.htm). This M.Sc course aims to provide postgraduate students with skills appropriate in finding solutions to problems related to environmental geography and geology. Objectives of the course: • The scientific understanding of extreme weather events, natural hazards and climate

change (e.g. floods, droughts, inundation, erosion, slides). • The investigation of the various human impacts upon the natural environment, such as

forest fires, soil erosion, dam construction, coastal works, changes in land use etc. • To provide training in the modern field and laboratory methods for environmental

assessment, protection and mitigation (e.g. digital mapping, remote sensing, GIS applications).

• To provide knowledge on aspects of the National and European Environmental Law in relation to environmental sustainability.


1. Mathematical Geography and Geographical Information (6 ECTS‐credits): Geographic information systems for physical geographers and environmentalists, statistical methods in geosciences, spatial analysis, advanced geostatistics (regional variables and kriging), simulations and environmental applications

2. Geomorphological Techniques and methods of research (6 ECTS‐credits): It includes geomorphological applications related to human constructions and land uses, a series of morphometric methods, geomorphological survey, photographs, sampling, mapping, regional palaegeographic analysis, laboratory analyses with respect to physical and mechanical properties of rocks and soil.

1st Semester ‐ Optional courses (two courses are required)

1. Fluvial Geomorphology (4 ECTS‐credits): It covers the hydrologic cycle, fluvial geomorphologic cycle, fluvial erosion and deposition, analysis of drainage morphometric characteristics, human intervention, time‐related evolution of river networks.

2. Principles of General Meteorology and Environmental Analysis (4 ECTS‐credits): Vertical profile of the atmosphere, Stability/Instability conditions in the atmosphere, Meteorological elements (air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind), Time series analysis, Homogeneity tests.

3. Management of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems (4 ECTS‐credits): Aspects related to terrestrial and coastal aquatic environments (e.g. coastal lakes, lagoons, dunes), draining systems, ecosystem sustainability, mitigation of pollution and remediation schemes.

4. Applied and Urban Geomorphology (4 ECTS‐credits): It deals with issues related to human intervention in the natural environment such as managing of surface water resources, urban development, urban and industrial wastes management, environmental impact of man‐made constructions (e.g. marinas, dams, motορways etc), problems related to changes in land use.


1. Environmental Oceanography and Management of the Coastal Zone (10 ECTS‐credits‐credits). It includes various environmental aspects concerning the marine environment (physical and dynamic characteristics of sea water, basic marine biology, sea level changes,

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marine sediment) coast classification and aspects related to coastal zone management related to human activities and natural processes (e.g. tsunamis).

2. Theoretical and Applied Climatology (10 ECTS‐credits): Climatic systems and related factors, earth energy balance, greenhouse effect, water (floods, droughts), general circulation of the atmosphere, climatic classifications, climatic change, air‐sea interaction (El Nino)), past climates, introduction to climatic models, methods on climatic data processing (e.g Factor/Discriminant/ Cluster/ Time/Spectrum Analysis)

2nd Semester ‐ Optional courses (two courses are required)

1. Geospeleology (4 ECTS‐credits): The course is focused primarily on geological, physicogeographical and hydrological aspects, on types and geographical distribution (national and international) of caves and on methods of their exploration, management and protection.

2. Natural Hazards (4 ECTS‐credits): Prognostic methods for extreme weather events (droughts, floods), impacts on natural environment / geomorphologic consequences (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis, coastal floods and inundation, erosion) and human intervention (forest fires, changes in land use, deforestation, man‐made constructions). Spatial and time dependent analysis of selected natural hazards occurring in Greece (e.g. floods, fires, desertification, soil erosion).

3. Environmental Changes during Quaternary – Archaeo‐geomorphology (4 ECTS‐credits): Climate and sea level changes related to sedimentary sequences and relief evolution. Contribution of the geomorphological analysis in the understanding of relief evolution of the broader area of archaeological sites for identification of environmental and morphological changes within late Quaternary, aspects of prospecting, excavation and protection “exploitation” of archaeological sites

4. Energy sources, pollution and protection of the atmospheric environment (4 ECTS‐credits): Energy raw materials, Exploitation techniques of fly ash, sequestration of CO2 emissions from the lignite‐fired power plants, geothermal and hydroelectric works and their environmental impact, aeolian and solar energy, energy policy, issues of atmospheric pollution.


1. Geomorphological Mapping (6 ECTS‐credits): Types of geomorphological maps, landform mapping (spatial scales, use of symbols). The combined use, extrapolation and incorporation of information derived from topographic maps, aerial photographs and satellite images. Landform morphogenetic analysis, geomorphological mapping contributing to the solution of environmental problems.

2. Environmental Geomorphology (6 ECTS‐credits): It deals with environmental issues related to human activities (man as geomorphological agent), vulnerability related to geomorphological risk, geomorphological hazards (e.g. soil erosion, landslides, river floods, seismicity, active volcanism) and issues of geomorphologic impact assessment.

3rd Semester ‐ Optional courses (two courses are required)

1. Morphotectonics (4 ECTS‐credits): Large scale landforms as products of plate tectonics, landforms related to normal, reverse and strike‐slip faults. The influence of active tectonics (faulting, folding) on drainage systems and coastal environments. Volcanic landforms, effects of tectonism on human activities.

2. Photo‐interpretation, Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing (4 ECTS‐credits): Sensors and platforms. The electromagnetic spectrum and its properties. Air photos,

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photogrammetry, photomosaics. Multispectral / Hyperspectral / Radar images and related processing techniques. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems with geological and environmental applications.

3. Applied Oceanography (4 ECTS‐credits): It focuses primarily upon aspects of beach (shore) zone formation and evolution (including human intervention), coastal erosion and mitigartion techniques, sediment quality, marine resources, water pollution, modern sea level fluctuations, Law of the Sea.

4. Principles of Environmental economics – Environmental Law (4 ECTS‐credits): The course aims on providing an introduction to the theory of environmental economics, applications and case studies, and Environmental law ‐ environmental authorizations. European Directive on Environmental liability in relation to the prevention and remediation of environmental damage.

4th Semester:

1. Dissertation (30 ECTS‐credits): Preparation, presentation and examination.

2. Seminars and Invited talks

Sea notches signifying sea level change at East Korinthiakos Gulf.

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5. Specialization in Dynamic, Tectonic and Applied Geology

This specialization includes two courses, alternating every other year. The first course gives emphasis to Structural Geology and Tectonics and the second course to Hydrogeology (http://dtag.geol.uoa.gr/courses.php?lang=en&category=2&type=1).


1. Structural Geology (10 ECTS‐credits). Study of the orientation, deformation and relationships of primary and secondary foliations, which may have been faulted, folded or given a new foliation by some tectonic event. Cross sections and three dimensional block models of tectonic fabric.

2. Geodynamics (10 ECTS‐credits). Tectonic framework and evolution of Greece. Discrimination of orogenic events and tectonostratigraphic terranes of Greece.


1. Applied Geology (10 ECTS‐credits). Basic principles. Hydrogeological behavior of geological formations. Fissured rocks. Borehole techniques. Technical works and water management systems. Qanats, Tunnels, Dams. Dams of Greece.

2. Geological mapping (10 ECTS‐credits). Geological mapping of areas with emphasis on basic research and structural analysis or applications to hydrogeology.

3rd Semester Mandatory courses

1. Techniques for long‐term monitoring and recording of field parameters and field data sets (10 ECTS‐credits). Introduction and exercise to modern techniques that focus on long term recording of geological parameters and field measurements.

4th Semester ‐ Mandatory

1. Dissertation (30 ECTS‐credits): Preparation, presentation and examination.

Optional courses (three courses per semester are required in the first and second semesters)

1. Tectonics of Greece (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of deformation structures and structural evolution in relation to regional structures. Examples from the geotectonic units of Greece.

2. Neotectonics (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of the geologically recent deformation and motions of the Earth's crust, particularly those produced by earthquakes, with the goals of understanding the physics of earthquake recurrence, the growth of mountains, and the seismic hazard embodied in these processes. Neotectonics of Greece. Estimation of deformation rates and impact from seismic activation of faults.

3. Earthquake geology – Palaeoseismology (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of the history, effects, and mechanics of earthquakes within and on the Earth's crust. Correlation to Neotectonics. Study of the timing, location, and size of prehistoric earthquakes. Distribution of earthquakes in space and time over short periods (of hundreds to tens of thousands of years). Archaeoseismology. Field techniques. Determining surface deformation. Application to evaluation of seismic risk and Neotectonic studies.

4. Seismotectonics (7 ECTS‐credits). Relationship between earthquakes, active tectonics and individual faults of a region. Understanding which faults are responsible for seismic activity in an area by analyzing regional tectonics, recent instrumentally recorded events, accounts of historical earthquakes and geomorphological evidence.

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http://dtag.geol.uoa.gr/courses.php?lang=en&category=2&type=1


5. Microtectonics – Metamorphism (7 ECTS‐credits). Deformation structures and mechanisms in the microscopic scale and linkage with metamorphic facies and events. Timing relationships between microstructural features and mineralogical features. Determination of sequence of events and relative or absolute age methods and techniques.

6. Physics of deformation – Experimental tectonics (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of the physical processes that underlie deformation. Quantization of deformation. Spatial patterns of stress, strain, and differing rheologies in the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the Earth. Relationships between these patterns and the observed patterns of deformation. Laboratory techniques and methods for the modeling of rock deformation.

7. Marine Geodynamics (7 ECTS‐credits). Geodynamic investigation of sea floor. Field, computer, and laboratory research. Mapping sea floor techniques. Geophysical techniques in bathymetric charts and sea floor geological mapping. Submarine volcanoes. Examples from Greece

8. Hydrology (7 ECTS‐credits). Basic concepts and principles. Hydraulic parameters and ground water flow. Basic principles of water management. Hydraulic flow models and computer simulation. Computer software and applications in hydrology.

9. Hydrogeology (7 ECTS‐credits). Understanding basic principles and methods of hydrogeology. Water cycle and hydrologic balance. Hydrogeological behavior of geological formations. Aquifers. Ground water flow. Water drilling. Hydrochemistry. Computer software and applications in hydrogeology.

10. Hydrogeology of Karst systems (7 ECTS‐credits). Basic concepts and principles. Karst systems: features and evolution. Study, modeling and simulation techniques of water flow in karst systems.

11. Water boreholes – Hydrogeological works (7 ECTS‐credits). Hydrogeological behavior of geological formations. Aquifers. Basic principles of water boreholes. Types of boreholes. Borehole techniques. Conduction and Interpretation of boreholes techniques.

12. Hydrochemistry (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of surface water and underground water chemistry. Water cycle. Quality of ground water. Water contamination and pollution. Seawater infiltration. Soil salination. Water sampling techniques and sample analysis. Water treatment.

13. Water treatment (7 ECTS‐credits). Categories of water treatment. Quality of water. Pollution of water. Methods and techniques for water purification. Restoration of water. Water regeneration.

14. Water management (7 ECTS‐credits). Geo‐sustainable management of water resources. Basic principles and concepts. Law framework in EU and Greece. Water demand and supply. Exploration of surficial and underground water. Planning of water management.

15. Mathematical modeling and use of computers in Hydrogeology (7 ECTS‐credits). Basic principles concepts categories of mathematical models. Equations for underground water flow. Introduction to MODFLOW code. Presentation and applications of computer software to estimating hydraulic parameters of aquifers. Examples from Greece.

16. Modern techniques in Geology and Applied Geology ‐ Remote Sensing and GIS, (7 ECTS‐credits). Introduction to modern techniques. Remote sensing and Geological mapping. Intergrating field mapping with the use of portable equipment. GPS, ArcPad 3D photography. Preparatory work for Digital mapping. Software applications. Introduction to GIS in geological mapping. 3D geological mapping.

17. Environmental Geology (7 ECTS‐credits). Principles of Environmental Geology. Overview of environmental issues. Geodynamic factors controlling the evolution of the natural environment. Fieldwork and Laboratory practice.

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18. Applied geophysics (7 ECTS‐credits). Study and application of geophysical techniques to hydrogeological problems. Introduction to basic principles and methodology of geophysical techniques. Presentation of selected cases and appropriate methods.

19. Geology – Land Use – Microzonation studies (7 ECTS‐credits). The role of geological framework in land use planning. Land use in Greece. Environmental implication from land use. Seismicity, active tectonics and microzonation studies. Microzonation maps.

20. Boreholes – Technical works (7 ECTS‐credits). Test boreholes. Borehole techniques: Maag, Lefranc, Lougeon. Interpretation of boreholes techniques. Wells, Qanats, Tunnels, Dams. Dams of Greece.

21. Rock and Soil Mechanics (7 ECTS‐credits). Study of the mechanical behavior of rock and rock masses and soils. Principles of rock and soil mechanics. Response of rock and rock masses and soils to the force fields of the physical environment. Analysis of deformation and flow of fluids within natural and man‐made structures that are supported on or made of rock or soil, or structures that are either buried in soils or built in or of rock. Examples applications: building and bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams, and buried pipeline systems, tunnels, mining shafts, underground excavations, open pit mines, oil and gas wells, road cuts, waste repositories, and other structures.

22. Synsedimentary Tectonism ‐ Energy raw materials (7 ECTS‐credits). Introduction to synsedimentary tectonism. Tectofacies. Flyschic deposits. Molassse deposits. Oil and gas traps. Energy raw materials. Exploitation techniques. Geothermal and hydroelectric works. Geothermal energy. Aeolian and solar energy. Energy policy.

Landslide aftermath in a village built on flysch rocks at Ioannina NE Greece.

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6. Specialization in Geophysics and Seismology

(http://www.geophysics.geol.uoa.gr/frame_en/cours/gracours_en.html)


1. Advanced Seismology I (10 ECTS‐credits): Linear elasticity theory, stress and strain, equation of seismic wave propagation. Physics of body waves. Surface waves theory, Earth’s free oscillations. Earthquake catalogues, macroseismic and instrumental parameters, compilation, evaluation and completeness.

2. Advanced Geophysics I (10 ECTS‐credits): Physics of the Earth’s interior, Geomagnetism and Geoelectromagnetism, potential field theory, electromagnetic theory in geophysical prospecting, introduction to seismic prospecting methods.

3. Mathematical Methods in Geophysics and Seismology (10 ECTS‐credits): Mathematical methods of processing and analysis of geophysical and seismological data.

1st Semester ‐ Optional courses (one course is required)

1. Seismotectonics – Palaeoseismology (5 ECTS‐credits): Determination of fault geometry, seismic potential, static stress distribution, recurrence and deformation rates using seismological data. Source parameters determination. Estimation of source parameters of strong historical and prehistorical earthquakes based on coseismic effects on the natural environment. Environmental Seismic Intensity. Assessment of macroseismic intensity.

2. Geothermal Exploration with Geophysical Methods (5 ECTS‐credits): Structure and function of geothermal systems and geothermal resources – application of geophysical prospecting methods to the detection and assessment of geothermal resources.


1. Advanced Seismology II (10 ECTS‐credits): Seismometry, Signal processing, Filtering, earthquake kinematics and dynamics, source spectrum, magnitude scales, body wave modeling, seismic arrays.

2. Advanced Applied Geophysics (10 ECTS‐credits): Advanced methods and techniques in the geophysical exploration of mineral resources and near‐surface engineering/environmental problems: gravity prospecting, magnetic/aeromagnetic, prospecting, geoelectric and electromagnetic prospecting, seismic prospecting, well logging, geophysical tomography.

2nd Semester ‐ Optional courses (two courses are required)

1. Engineering Seismology (5 ECTS‐credits): Seismic Hazard estimation methods, Vulnerability, Seismic Risk Mitigation, Analysis and processing of strong ground motion data, Response and Design Spectra, Microzonation studies, Building Codes.

2. Exploration of the Deep Earth’s interior (5 ECTS‐credits): Identification of seismic phases, traveltime curves, triplications phases, seismic profiles, crustal, mantle and core structure determination, local and regional earthquake tomography, surface wave tomography, SKS and surface wave anisotropy, teleseismic receiver functions.

3. Geophysical Applications in Archaeometry – Archaeoseismology (5 ECTS‐credits): Engineering geophysical applications in the detection and mapping of archaeological targets; introduction to the principles and applications of Archaeoseismology.


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1. Space‐borne Applications in Geophysics and Seismology (10 ECTS‐credits): State‐of‐the‐art methodologies of Space‐borne applications in the Earth Sciences (e.g. GPS and SAR Interferometry)

3rd Semester ‐ Optional courses (one course is required)

1. Seismic Source Parameters and their Physical Properties (5 ECTS‐credits): Seismic sources and slip models, equivalent body forces, elastostatics, elastodynamics, seismic moment tensor, determination of faulting parameters, macroseismic parameters and their calibration.

2. Seismic Wave Propagation (5 ECTS‐credits): Ray theory, Ray paths, Ray tracing. Travel Time Curves and Delay times. Energy in seismic waves Geometrical spreading and Attenuation.

3. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (5 ECTS‐credits): Application of near‐surface, high‐resolution geophysical exploration methods and techniques in environmental and geotechnical engneering problems.


Seismotectonic map of Greece.

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MSc STUDY PROGRAMME IN THE FACULTY OF GEOLOGY

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