Msc Biotechnology Cbcegs Semester i to IV

7/30/2019 Msc Biotechnology Cbcegs Semester i to IV

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FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES

SYLLABUS

for

M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY

(Semester I-IV)(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

Examinations: 2012-13

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

AMRITSAR

Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.

Nobody is allowed to print it in any form.

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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester System)

(Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

Programme Code: BTB

Scheme:

Semester I:

Course

No.

C/E/I Course Title L T P Total

Credits

BTL401 C Introductory Biomathematics and

Biostatistics

3 0 0 3

BTL402 C Biochemistry 3 0 0 3

BTL403 C Analytical Techniques 3 0 0 3

BTL404 C Immunology 3 0 0 3

BTL405 C General Microbiology & Microbial

Genetics

3 0 0 3

BTL406 C Computer Applications 3 0 0 3BTP421 C Lab in Biochemistry & Analytical

Techniques0 0 4 4

BTP422 C Lab in General Microbiology 0 0 4 4

Total Credits 18 8 26

Semester II:

Course

No.


Credits

BTL451 C Plant Tissue Culture 3 0 0 3

BTL452 C Animal Tissue Culture 3 0 0 3BTL453 C Molecular Biology 3 0 0 3

BTL454 C Genetic Engineering- Tools and

Techniques

3 0 0 3

BTL455 C Bioprocess Engineering &Technology

3 0 0 3

BTL456 C Introduction to Bioinformatics 3 0 0 3

BTP471 C Lab in Plant Tissue Culture 0 0 4 4

BTP472 C Lab in Immunology & Animal

Tissue Culture

0 0 4 4

I To be offered from outside the

department

3 0 0 3

Total Credits 21 0 8 29


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester System)


Semester III:

Course

No.


CreditsBTL501 C Fermentation Technology 3 0 0 3

BTL502 C Genetic Engineering-Applications 3 0 0 3

BTD521 C Research Project 0 0 2 2

BTP522 C Lab in Bioprocess Engineering &

Technology

0 0 4 4

BTP523 C Lab in Genetic Engineering 0 0 4 4

BTD524 C Seminar/Journal Club/Assignment 0 0 1 1

BTL531* E Advances in Plant Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

BTL532* E Medical Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

BTL533* E Microbial Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

I To be offered from outside thedepartment

3 0 0 3


* BTL531, BTL532 AND BTL533 are elective courses offered by the Department. Student

can choose any two out of these three electives and accordingly credits will be added.

Semester IV:

Course

No.


Credits

BTL551 C Genomics and Proteomics 3 0 0 3

BTD571 C Research Project 0 0 20 20


List of Courses Offered

S. No. Course No. C/E/I Course Title L T P Total Credits

1. BTL403 C Analytical Techniques 3 0 0 3

2. BTL452 C Animal Tissue Culture 3 0 0 3

3. BTL531 E Advances in Plant Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

Credit Structure of M.Sc. Biotechnology Programme

Semester Core Elective Interdisciplinary/Optional TotalI 26 0 0 26

II 26 0 3 29

III 17 6 3 26

IV 23 0 0 23

Total 92 6 6 104


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester I)


BTL 401: Introductory Biomathematics and Biostatistics

Credits (3-0-0)

Credits 3T + 1T

Unit I

Binomial Theorem, Pascal rule and Pascal triangle. Basic concepts of Cell energetics.

Unit-II

Scientific notation, significant digits, rounding off. Scientific notation, Sampling, problemidentification, desing of experiment, factorial designs: full factorial design, fractional factorial

design, concept of population and sample, random sampling, Data collection.

Unit-IIIMeasures of central tendency, mean, arithmetic mean, geometric mean & harmonic mean,

medium, mode, quartile, decile, percentile, dispersion, mean deviation, standard deviation,geometric standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation, variance, coefficient of

determinant and coefficient of non-determinant, moments, distribution of data, normal

distribution, skewness and kurtosis

Unit-IV

Pearsons correlation coefficient, linear correlation and regression, correlation and regression

analysis of exponential curve. Power function, log function, logarithmic regression, Doseresponse curve, coefficient of determination, Reciprocal regression analysis, double reciprocal

regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, monomolecular regression, Gompertz growthfunction and Gompertz decay function and its analysis.

Unit-V

Probability, Testing of hypothesis, Null and alternative hypothesis, Type-I and Type-II errors,level of significance, two tailed and one tailed tests, Z-score, chi-square (X

2) test, student t test,

F test, Probability distribution function, standard normal distribution, Poisson distribution

function, binomial distribution, student t distribution, chi square (X2) distribution, Analysis of

variance, ANOVA-one way ANOVA and two way ANOVA. Non parametric statistics :Wilcoxon test : Wilcoson signed rank test, wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman rank coefficient,

Kruskal-Wallis test, Kendalls coefficient of Concordance (w)

Reference Books:

1. Kothari, C.R. (2004) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, New AgeInternational Publications, New Delhi

2. P.S.S. Sundar Rao, P.H. Richard, An introduction to Biostatistics, Prentico Hall of India (P.)Ltd. New Delhi 2003

3. Jerrold H. Zar, Bio statistical analysis, Tan Prints (I) Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 2003


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BTL 402: Biochemistry

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit I

Sugars - mono, di, and polysaccharides; Suitability in the context of their different functions-

cellular structure, energy storage, signaling; Glycosylation of other biomolecules - glycoproteins

and glycolipids;

Unit II

Lipids -structure and properties of important members of storage and membrane lipids;lipoproteins, Fatty Acid synthesis. plasma membrane, cell wall and their structural organization,

transport of nutrients, ions and macromolecules across the membrane, cellular response toenvironmental signals in plants and animals, mechanism of signal transduction, receptor

mediated endocytosis.

Unit III

Amino Acids & Peptides:-Classification, chemical reactions and physical properties. Proteins:-Classification, criteria of homogeneity, end group analysis, primary, secondary, -helix and

sheet structure, quaternary and domain structure, Disulphide bridges, Ramachandran plot.

Nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids - structure, diversity and function.

Unit IV

Enzyme catalysis general principles of catalysis; Quantitation of enzyme activity and

efficiency; Enzyme characterization and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, enzyme inhibition.

Unit V

Overview of metabolite pathways such as glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative

phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis and their regulation;

photosynthesis. Orgenelles: mitochondria and chloroplast.

Books Recommended:

1. Freifelder, D. (1982). Physical Biochemistry. Application to Biochemistry and MolecularBiology, W.H. Freeman & Co.

2. Zubay, G.L., Parson, W.W. and Vance, D.E. (1995). Principles of Biochemistry, W.C.Brown Publishers.

3. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2001). Biochemistry, 5th edition, Freeman, USA.4. Boyer, R. (2001). Concepts in Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Brooks/Col, U.S.A.5. Voet, D. and Voet, J. (2004). Biochemistry 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons.


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BTL 403: Analytical TechniquesCredits (3-0-0)

Unit I

Basic TechniquesChemical foundation of biology, pH, pKa, Water, acids, bases, buffers, Hydrogen bonding,vander waals and Hydrophobic interactions, Principles of thermodynamics. Methods of celldisintegration; Enzyme assays and controls; Detergents and membrane proteins; Dialysis,Ultrafiltration and other membrane techniques

Spectroscopy TechniquesUV, Visible and Raman Spectroscopy; Theory and application of Circular Dichroism;Fluorescence; MS, NMR, PMR, ESR and Plasma Emission spectroscopy

Unit IIChromatography TechniquesTLC and Paper chromatography; Chromatographic methods for macromolecule separation - Gelpermeation, Ion exchange, Hydrophobic, Reverse-phase and Affinity chromatography; HPLCand FPLC; Criteria of protein purity

Electrophoretic TechniquesTheory and application of Polyacrylamide and Agarose gel electrophoresis; Capillaryelectrophoresis; 2D Electrophoresis; Disc gel electrophoresis; Gradient electrophoresis; Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis

Unit IIICentrifugationBasic principles; Mathematics & theory (RCF, Sedimentation coefficient etc); Types ofcentrifuge -Microcentrifuge, High speed & Ultracentrifuges; Preparative centrifugation;Differential & density gradient centrifugation; Applications (Isolation of cell components);Analytical centrifugation; Determination of molecular weight by sedimentation velocity &sedimentation equilibrium methods

Unit IVRadioactivityRadioactive & stable isotopes; Pattern and rate of radioactive decay; Units of radioactivity;Measurement of radioactivity; Geiger-Muller counter; Solid & Liquid scintillation counters(Basic principle, instrumentation & technique); Brief idea of radiation dosimetry; Cerenkovradiation; Autoradiography; Measurement of stable isotopes; Falling drop method; Applicationsof isotopes in biochemistry; Radiotracer techniques; Distribution studies; Isotope dilutiontechnique; Metabolic studies; Clinical application; Radioimmunoassay

Unit VAdvanced TechniquesProtein crystallization; Theory and methods; API-electrospray and MALDI-TOF; Massspectrometry; Enzyme and cell immobilization techniques; DNA & Peptide Synthesis.

Texts/References1. Freifelder D., Physical Biochemistry, Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2nd Edition, W.H. Freeman & Company, San Fransisco, 1982.2. Keith Wilson and John Walker, Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry,

5th

Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2000.3. D. Holme & H. Peck, Analytical Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Longman, 1998.4. R. Scopes, Protein Purification - Principles & Practices, 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, 1994.5. Selected readings from Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press.


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BTL 404: ImmunologyCredits (3-0-0)

Unit IComponents of innate and acquired immunity; Haematopoesis; Organs and cells of the immunesystem- primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Lymphocyte circulation; Lymphocyte homing;Mucosal and Cutaneous associated Lymphoid tissue.(MALT & CALT); Antigens immunogens; haptens; nature of antigens; Immunoglobulins-basic structure, classes & subclassesof immunoglobulins, antigenic determinants; antigen-antibody interactions.

Unit IIMajor Histocompatibility Complex Immune responsiveness and disease susceptibility;B-cellreceptor; Immunoglobulin superfamily; B cell maturation, activation and differentiation;Generation of antibody diversity; T-cell receptors and T-cell maturation, activation anddifferentiation; Functional T Cell Subsets; Complement system.

Unit IIIRegulation of immune response: Antigen processing and presentation- endogenous antigens,exogenous antigens, non-peptide bacterial antigens and super-antigens, generation of humoraland cell mediated immune responses; Cytokines and their role in immune regulation;Immunological tolerance.

Unit IVCell mediated cytotoxicity: Mechanism of T cells and NK cell mediated lysis; Antibodydependent cell mediated cytotoxicity; Macrophage mediated cytotoxicity; Immunity to Infection:Bacteria, viral, fungal and parasitic infections; Hypersensitivity Type I-IV; Autoimmunity-MHC and TCR in autoimmunity.

Unit VTransplantation Immunological basis of graft rejection; Tumor immunology Tumor antigens;Immune response to tumors and tumor evasion of the immune system; Immunodeficiency-Primary immunodeficiencies, Acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies; Vaccine types;Principle of diagnostic kits.

Books Recommended:1. Abbas, A.K., Litchman, A.H. (2006-2007). Basic Immunology : Functions and Disorders of

the immune System, 2nd

ed. (updated edition), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: W.B. SaundersCompany Publishers.

2. Benjamini, E., Coico, R. and sunshine, G. (2009). Immunology: A short course, 6 th ed., NewYork, Wiley-Blackwell.

3. Roit, I.M., Delves, P. Seamus M. and Burton D. (2006). Essential Immunology, 11th ed.,Willey- Blackwell.

4. Roitt, I., Brostoff, J. and Male, D. (2001). Immunology, 7th ed., Mosby5. Kanfmann S.H.E., Sher, A., Ahmed, R. (2002). Immunology of Infections Diseases, ASM

Press, Washington.6. Goldsby, R.A., Kindt, T.J., Osborne, B.A. (2005). Kuby Immunology,5 th ed., W.H. Freeman

and Company, New York.


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BTL 405: General Microbiology & Microbial Genetics

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit IPrinciples of Microbiology: Principles & applications of bright field, dark field, phase contrast,fluorescence and scanning tunneling microscopy.Methods in microbiology; pure culture techniques, theory & practice of sterilization, principlesof microbial nutrition, microbial culture media, enrichment culture techniques, culture collection,purification & preservation.

Unit IIBacterial Classification and Diversity: Importance of taxonomy conventional and modernmethods.; classification of bacteria according to Bergeys Manual, polyphasic approach ofbacterial classification, 16S rRNA, genomic similarity - content of guanine (G)+ cytosine (C)

(%GC)., DNA-DNA homology, Fatty acid analysis;archaea as the earliest life forms, archaea vseubacteria, bacteria producing important secondary metabolites.

Unit IIIProkaryotic Cells: Structure-function: Cell walls of eubacteria and related molecules, outermembrane of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria bacteria, capsules, slime layers, Pili,fimbriae & flagella, sporulation & regeneration of bacteria.Microbial Growth: definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve,diauxic & synchronous growth, continuous culture, growth as affected by environmental factorslike temperature, acidity, alkalinity, water availability & oxygen.

Unit IVBacterial Genetics: Transformation, transduction, conjugation, RecA, plasmids, their

replication, copy number and compatibility, drug resistance; transposons.

Unit VMolecular Virology: General characteristics, classification, ultra structure, isolation,purification & assay of viruses, viroids; virulent and temperate bacteriophages, genomeorganization and expression of bacteriophages (T4, Mu, X174, M13), - lytic cascades andlysogenic repression.

Books Recommended:1. Pelczar, M.J. Jr., Chan ECS and Krieg, N.R. (1993). Microbiology: Concepts and

Applications, McGraw Hill, NY.2. Stanier, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R. (1995). The Microbial World,

5th

edition, The Macmillan Press Ltd.

3. Ronald, A.M. (1995). Principles of Microbiology, Ist edition, Mosby Year-book Inc., St.Louis, Missouri.4. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. (2002). Microbiology, 5th edition, McGraw Hill

Inc.5. Madigan M.T. & Martunko J M, Dunlap P.V. and Clark D.P. (2008). Brock Biology of

Microorganisms, 12th

Ed., Benjamin Cummings.6. Maloy S.R., Gonnan Jand, Freifelder D. (2000). Microbial Genetics, Narosa Publishing

House.7. Streips, U.N. and Yasbin R.E. (2002), Modern Microbial Genetics, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Liss, Inc,

New York


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BTL 406: Computer Applications

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit I

Introduction to digital computers: organization; low-level and high-level languages, the binary

number system. Programming techniques. Introduction to internet and its applications.

Unit II

Introduction to MS-Excel, use of worksheet to enter data, edit data, copy data, move data, Useof in-built statistical functions for computations of mean, S.D., Correlation, regression

coefficient etc.. Use of bar diagram, histogram, scatter plots, etc. graphical tools in EXCEL for

presentation of data. Introduction to various statistical software packages.

Unit IIIIntroduction to programming in C: Overview, Character set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers,

Variables, Constant, Data Types, Comments, Structure of a C. Program Operators &Expressions: Types of operators, Precedence and Associativity, Expression, Statement and

types of statements Built-in functions: printf( ), scanf( ), getch( ), getchar, putchar( ), header

files, Preprocessor directives : #include, #define Control Statements : If, If-else, Nested If else, Switch, While, Do-while, for, Nested for loop, break continue etc.

Unit IV

Arrays, One Dimensional arrays, Two Dimensional Arrays, storing data into arrays, Searching

and Sorting, Functions, calling a function, passing arguments, Call by Reference, Call byValue, Storing and Displaying Strings, Structure & Union.

Unit-V

Introduction, Characteristics of Data base approach, Database users, Schemas and Instances,

DBMS Architecture and data independence, database languages, Introduction to SQL. History,

History, Basic Structure, DDL Commands (Create, Alter, Drop) , DML Commands (Select,

Insert, Update, Delete), Simple Queries, Aggregate Functions, clauses (WHERE, JOIN,DISTINCT, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, and UNION).

Books Recommended:

1. Sinha, P.K. (1992). Computer Fundamentals.2. Norton, P. (2000). Introduction to Computers. Mc Millan, New York.3. Taxali, R.K. (2002). PC software made simple, TMH.4. Kanetkar, Y.P. (2004). Let us C, BPB Publications.5. Sood S., Kumar S. and Maalti (2010). Programming Using C, Jyoti Book Depot Pvt. Ltd.6. Gupta, S.C. (2004). Fundamentals of Statistics, Himalaya Publishing House.


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BTP 421: LAB IN BIOCHEMISTRY & ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

Credits (0-0-4)PRACTICAL

pH & Buffer Solutions1. Theory and application of buffers and pH.2. Use of pH meter3. Preparation of Phosphate buffer & Tris buffer

Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry4. Protein estimation by Spectrophotometer.5. Protein estimation by Lowrys method.6. Estimation of sugars by Anthrone method.7. Estimation of protein by Bradford method.

Analysis of Fats/Oils8. Determination of acid value of a fat.9. Determination of saponification value of a fat.10. Determination of Iodine number of a fat.

Chromatographic Techniques11. Identification of sugars in milk by paper chromatography.12. Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography.13. Separation of Biomolecules by gel permeation chromatography.14. Separation of Proteins by ion-exchange chromatography.

Electrophoresis Techniques15. Native-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.16. SDS-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis & staining using different methods

(Coummassie blue, Silver staining and reverse staining)

Enzyme Characterization17. Estimation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity.18. Determination of Michaelis Menten constant of enzyme.19. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity.20. Effect of pH on enzyme activity.

Books Recommended:1. Cooper, T.G (1977). The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.2. Freifelder, D. (1982). Physical Biochemistry. Applications to Biochemistry &

Molecular Biology, W.H. Freeman & Co.3. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1992). Biochemical Methods for Agricultural

Sciences, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.4. Sawhney, S.K. and Singh, R. (2001). Introductory Practical Biochemistry. Narosa

Pub.House, New Delhi.5. Plummer, D.T. (1990). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry 3

rded.

Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester II)


BTL 451: PLANT TISSUE CULTURECredits (3-0-0)

Unit IConcepts & basic techniques in tissue culture. Conventional breeding vs tissue culture. Tissueculture media (composition & preparation), sterilization techniques, tissue culture as a techniqueto produce novel plants & hybrids, Green home and Green house technology.Initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension cultures, single cell clones, nurse culturetechnique, differentiation, organogenesis & somatic embryogenesis, Production and applicationof artificial seeds.

Unit IIShoot tip culture for rapid clonal propagation & production of virus-free plants, stages ofmicropropagation, propagation by direct and indirect organogenesis, micrografting,physiological nature / abnormalities of micropropagated plants. Transfer and establishment ofwhole plants in soil, in situ and ex situ rooting & difference. Changes during hardening of

micropropagated plants. Importance of variability, somaclonal and gametoclonal variations,practical application of somaclonal variations.

Unit IIIProtoplast isolation, fusion & culture, somatic hybridization, selection of hybrid cells andregeneration of hybrid plants, symmetric and asymmetric hybrids, cybrids and role of protoplastculture and somatic hybridization in improvement of crop plants.

Unit IVHaploid production and its significance, anther, pollen culture, monoploid production throughbulbosum method, Embryo culture / embryo rescue and ovary culture. Endosperm culture,production of triploids, Role of haploids, monoploids and triploids in agriculture.

Unit VFreeze preservation & cryopreservation in germplasm storage, factors affecting revival of frozencells, slow growth & DNA banking for germplasm conservation. Plant secondary metabolites ageneral account, (synthesis & extraction) central mechanism and manipulation ofphenylpropanoid pathway, shikimate pathway, Biotransformation and elicitation.

Books Recommended:1. George, E.F. (1993). Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture, 2nd ed., Part-I, The Technology,

Exegetics.2. Razdan, M. K. (1994). An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing

Co., New Delhi.3. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. (1996). Plant Tissue Culture. Theory and Practice,

Elsevier.

4.

Tong-Jen, Fu, Gurmeet singh & Wayne R. Curtis. Plant Cell & Tissue Culture for theproduction of Food Ingredients. Kluwer Acad, N.Y.5. Ramawat, K.G. and Merillon, J.M. (1999). Biotechnology: Secondary Metabolites, Science

Publishers, U.S.6. Purohit, S. S. (2000). Biotechnology Fundamentals & Application. 3rd ed., Agrobios (India),

New Delhi.7. Singh, B.D. (2004). Biotechnology, Expanding horizons, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.8. Chahal, S.S. and Gosal, S.S.(2002). Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding:

Biotechnology and Conventional approaches. Narosa Publication House, New Delhi.


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BTL 452: ANIMAL TISSUE CULTURE

Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT I

Concept of aseptic techniques in ATC; design and layout of ATC lab, Equipment for ATC lab.

Laboratory safety and Biohazards, balanced salt solution and tissue culture media, detection ofcontamination, preservation, storage and shipment of cells. Growth of cells in the serum free

hormone(s) supplemented medium, Role of CO2 in culture medium.

UNIT II

Dispersion and disruption of tissue, monolayer and suspension culture techniques, measurement

of growth and viability of cells in culture, maintenance of cultured cell line, primary andestablished cell line cultures, cell separation.

UNIT IIICell culture characteristics, scale up methods for propagation of anchorage dependent and

suspension cell culture, concept of Bioreactors for mass culture of mammalian cells, microcarrier

culture. Three dimensional culture system and tissue engineering.

UNIT IV

Application of animal cell culture; cell culture based vaccines; somatic cell genetics; stem cell

cultures, embryonic and adult stem cells and their applications.

UNIT V

Cell synchronization, cell transformation, cell immobilization techniques, Cell cloning and

micromanipulation, animal cloning.

Books Recommended:

1. Spier, R. R. and Griffiths, J. B. (1990). Animal Cell Biotechnology, Academic Press,London.

2. Gareth, E. J. (1996). Human Cell Culture Protocols, Humana Press.3. Julio, E., Celis (1998). Cell Biology-A laboratory hand book, vol. I-IV, 2nd ed., Academic

Press, New York.

4. Butler, M. (2004). Animal Cell Technology, 2nd ed., BIOS Scientific Publishers, U.K.5. Freshney, R. T. (2006). Culture of Animal Cells, 5th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New

York.


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BTL 454: Genetic Engineering

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit-IRestriction Enzymes; DNA ligase, Klenow enzyme, T4 DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide

kinase, Alkaline phosphatase; Cohesive and blunt end ligation; Labeling of DNA: Nicktranslation, Random priming, Radioactive and non-radioactive probes,

Unit-IIPlasmids; M13 mp vectors; pUC19 and Bluescript vectors, Phagemids; Lambda vectors;

Insertion and Replacement vectors; Cosmids; Artificial chromosome vectors (YACs; BACs);

Expression vectors; pMal; GST; pET-based vectors; Protein purification; His-tag; GST-tag;MBP-tag etc.; Intein-based vectors; Yeast vectors, Shuttle vectors, siRNA technology.

Unit-III

Expression strategies for heterologous genes: vector engineering, codon optimization, hostengineering, in vitro transcription & in vitro translation, expression in bacteria, expression in

yeast, Inclusion bodies; Methodologies to reduce formation of inclusion bodies.

Unit-IV

Linkers; Adaptors; Homopolymeric tailing, strategies for cDNA libraries; Transformation;

Northern, Southern and Colony hybridization,Southwestern and Far-western cloning; Phagedisplay; cloning differentially expressed genes (mRNA differential display and subtractive

cloning).DNA-Protein Interactions (Electromobility shift assay; DNaseI footprinting)

Unit-V

PCR and Its ApplicationsPrimer design; Fidelity of thermostable enzymes (Taq & Pfu polymerases); DNA polymerases;

Types of PCR multiplex, nested, reverse transcriptase, real time PCR, touchdown PCR, hot

start PCR, colony PCR, cloning of PCR products; PCR in gene recombination; SOEing; Site

specific mutagenesis; deletion; addition;

Text/References1. S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W.Old; Principles of Gene Manipulation. 6th Edition,

S.B.University Press, 2001.

2. J. Sambrook and D.W. Russel; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Vols 1-3, CSHL,2001.

3. Brown TA, Genomes, 3rd ed. Garland Science 20064. Selected papers from scientific journals.5. Technical Literature from Stratagene, Promega, Novagen, New England Biolab etc.


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester II)(Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

BTL 455: BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYCredits (3-0-0)

Unit IIntroduction: Historical development from Petri-plate, shake flask, Lab level bioprocess, pilot level

to industrial level bioprocess engineering. Scale up of bioprocesses parameters. Growth parameters,growth rate, specific growth rate and biomass doubling, degree of multiplication, growth yield,Ydx/ds, Ydx/do2, metabolic quotient, effect of substrate concentration on growth rate, Monod growthrelation, saturation constants and its importance, biomass estimation.

Unit-IIBioreactor DesigningIntroduction, Basic function of a bioreactor, microbial, animal and plant bioreactors. Aspecticoperation and contamination. Sterilization of bioreactors, Body construction, Temperature control andmeasurement. Aeration and agitation, impellers, Stirrer, glands and bearings, packed gland seal,mechanical seal, magnetic drives, Baffles, different types of spargers, different ports, temperatureprobes. Dissolve oxygen prope. Valves and stream traps : Gate valves, globe valves. Piston valves,needle valves, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, pinch valve, Diaphragm valves, check valves,pressure control valves, pressuer reduction and retaining valves, safety valves, steam traps, bioreactor

vessels, Wlad hof-type acetators and cavitators, tower bioreactor, cylindroconical vessels, air liftbioreators, deep jet bioreactor, cyclone column, packed tower, rotating disc bioreactor. Animal cellbioreactors, stirred, air lift micro carrier, encapsulation, Hallow fibres chambers, packed glass beadand perfusion bioreactors.

Unit-IIIInstrumentation and Control:Introduction, Methods of Measuring process variables, Temperature, Mercury and electrical resistantthermometers, Thermistors, temperature control, flow measurement and control : gasses and liquids,pressure measurement and control, foam sensing and control, inlet and exit gas analysis, pH anddissolve oxygen probes, pH measurement and control, carbon dioxide electrodes, on-line, in-line andoff-line measurement and analysis. Ion specific sensors, enzyme and microbial electrodes, manual,automatic, proportional, integral and derivative controls. PID controls.

Unit IVAeration and AgitationIntroduction, The oxygen requirement for industrial bioreactors, oxygen demand and supply andbalance between them, volumetric oxygen transfer, determination of Kla values, sulphite oxidationtechniques, gassing out techniques: static method and dynamic method, oxygen balance method. Fluidrheology: Bingham plastic, pseudo plastic, Dilatants, Casson body. Factors affecting KLa values inbioreactors, the effect of medium rheology on KLa values, scale up and scale down of airation andagitation.

Unit VSterilizationIntroduction, medium sterilization, design of batch sterilization process, del factor, sterilization cycle,Richards rapid method for design of sterilization cycles, batch sterilization, scale up of batchsterilization, continuous sterilization, sterilization of feed, sterilization of wastes, Filter sterilization,filter sterilization of media and air, Depth filters design, theory of depth filter.

Books:1. Principles of Fementation Technology, Peter F. Stanbury; A. Whitaker; S.J. Hall. Aditya Books (P)

Ltd. New Delhi 2009.2. Principles of Microbes and Cell Cultivation. S.J. Pirt. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1999.3. M.L. Shuler; F.Kargi; Bioprocess Engineering, Basic concepts. Prentis Hall. 2009.4. J.E. Bailey & D.F. Olis; Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals McGraw Hill 2008.5. B. Atkinson Biochemical Reactors Mac Millan Press 2008.6. B. Atkinson Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hand Book Mac Millan Press 2009.7. J.M. Lee Biochemical Engineering Prentis Hall 2008.


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BTL 456: INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit-I

Introduction to Bioinformatics: History of Bioinformatics, milestones, Genome sequencing

Projects, Human Genome Project, objectives and applications of Bioinformatics.

Unit-II

Introduction to databases: Type and kind of databases, e.g. PUBMED, MEDLINENucleic acid and protein databases: GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, SWISS PROT, INTERPRO,

UNIPROT. Genome project TIGR database, SGD, PLASMODBData format

Unit-III

Sequence alignment: Scoring matrices, PAM, BLOSUM, Local and global alignment concepts;Dot matrix sequence comparison; Dynamic programming; Needleman-Wunch algorithm, Smith-

Waterman algorithm;

Unit-IV

Database searches for homologous sequences, FASTA and BLAST, PSSM searching, PSI-BLAST and PHI-BLAST, Multiple sequence alignment; Phyllogenetic analysis Motifs and

Pattern Databases: PROSITE, Pfam, BLOCKS, PRINTS

Unit-V

Protein sequence analysis tools, secondary structure prediction, tertiary structure predictionhomology modelling, fold recognition, ab initio methods structure visiualization and analysis

tools, rasmol chimera spdviwer, Structure analysis Structural databases: PDB, PDBsum, NDB

etc. SCOP, CATH

Books:

Cynthia Gibas & Per Jamesbeck, (2000). Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills,

O Rilley & Associates.

Campbell and Heyer, Discovering Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2nd

Edition,Benjamin Cummings, 2002.

Bourhe P. E. and Weissig H. (2003). Structural Bioinformatics (Methods of structural

Analysis).Wiley-Liss.Mount D. W. (2004). Bioinformatics & Genome Analysis.Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press.

Wayne W. Danile(2004), Biostatistics: A foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences,

8th

Edition Wiley.


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BTP 471: LAB IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

Credits (3-0-0)

1. Laboratory design setup for PTC unit.2. Preparation, sterilization of media (Liquid & solid).3. Surface sterilization, sealing of cultures, sources of contamination and their check

measures.

4. Organ explant culture and micropropagation techniques.5. Callus induction, propagation and differentiation.6.

Histological study of callus cells.

7. Suspension cultures.8. Nurse culture techniques.9. To observe practically various forms of undesirable characteristics in cultures such

as:

i) Vitrificationii) Stunting of shootsiii) Abnormal embryoids.iv) Etiolated shoots.

10. Preparation of synthetic seeds and their shelf life studies.11. Micrografting Techniques.12. Acclimatization ofin vitro raised plantlets.13. Comparison ofex vitro and in vitro rooting with respect to % survival.14. To culture shoots on liquid media and derive a comparative account with reference to

solid media grown cultures.

15. Protoplast isolation and culture.16. Agrobacterium mediated transformation of plant cells.


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BTP 472: LAB IN IMMUNOLOGY & ANIMAL TISSUE CULTURE

Credits (3-0-0)

1. Total leukocyte count.2. Differential leukocyte count.3. Direct and indirect haemagglutination assays.4. Haemagglutination inhibition assay.5. Isolation of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and viability test by dye exclusion

method.

6. Enumeration of T-cells by E-rosetting method.7. Separation of serum from blood.8. Separation of peritoneal macrophages from mouse/rat.9. Double immunodiffusion test using specific antibody and antigen.10. Dot Immuno blot assay (DIBA).11. ELISA.12. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting.13. Separation and purification of antibodies from serum.14. Growth and maintenance of cell line(s).15. Trypsinization method for recovery of cells from monolayer.16. Doubling time of a given cell line.17. Cytotoxic assay method for a given cell line.18. Lymphoyte culture technique for mitogenic activation.19. Immunohistochemical localization of proteins.

Books Recommended:

1. Gareth, E. J. (1996). Human Cell Culture Protocols, Humana Press.2. Jones, G.E. (1996). Human Cell Culture Protocols. Humana Press, New York.3. Julio, E. Celis (1998). Cell Biology-A laboratory hand book, vol. I-IV, 2 nd ed., Academic

Press, New York.

4. Celis, J.E. (1998). Cell Biology: A laboratory handbook Vol-I, Academic Press, U.K.5. Patel, D.(2001). Separating Cells, BIOS, U.K.6. Hay, F.C., Westwood, O.M.R. (2002). Practical Immunology, 4th ed., Blackwell

Sciences, U.K.7. Freshney, R.I.(2006). Animal Cell Culture 5th ed., Oxford University Press, USA.


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester III)


BTL 501: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGYCredits (3-0-0)

UNIT-I

IntroductionIntroduction to Fermentation processes, Types of fermentation processes, batch fermentationprocesses and its kinetics, plug flow fermentation process and its kinetics, continuousfermentation processes and its kinetics, Fed batch fermentation processes and its kinetics, factorsaffecting fermentation processes.

UNIT-IIIsolation & ScreeningIsolation, Screening, characterization and preservation of industrially important micro organisms,growth and production media, isolation & screening methods, improvement program ofindustrial microorganisms, mutants and mutational program for industrial micro organisms,recombinant of industrial micro organisms, preservation and maintenance of industrial microorganisms, quality control of preserved industrial micro organisms.

UNIT-IIIMedia for Industrial FermentationIntroduction, typical media, medium formulation for growth and production, energy source,carbon source, nitrogen source, minerals, growth and production factors. Oxygen requirement,antifoam, medium optimization.

UNIT-IVDown stream ProcessingRecovery and purification of fermentation products, removal of microbial cells, cell aggregationand flocculation, foam separation, precipitation, filtration, different types of filters and filter aids,industrial centrifugation and industrial centrifuges, basket centrifuge, tubular bowl centrifuge,solid bowl centrifuge, multi chamber centrifuge, disc bowl centrifuge,. Cell disruption: physicalmethod, chemical method, liquid-liquid extraction, aqueous two phase extraction, super criticalfluid extraction chromatography, membrane separation processes, Drying and crystallization.

UNIT-VEffluent Treatment and Fermentation EconomicsDisposal, treatment processes, physical chemical and biological treatments, aerobic processes.Trickling filters, towers, biological aerated filters (BAFs), rotating drums, fluidized bed system,activated sludge processes, anaerobic treatment, up flow anaerobic sludge blankets (UASB), By-products, fermentation economics & market potential.

Books:1. Principles of Fementation Technology, Peter F. Stanbury; A. Whitaker; S.J. Hall. Aditya

Books (P) Ltd. New Delhi 2009

2. Principles of Microbes and Cell Cultivation. S.J. Pirt. Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford 1999.

3. M.L. Shuler; F.Kargi; Bioprocess Engineering, Basic concepts. Prentis Hall. 2009.4. J.E. Bailey & D.F. Olis; Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals McGraw Hill 2008.5. B. Atkinson Biochemical Reactors Mac Millan Press 2008.6. B. Atkinson Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hand Book Mc Millan Press 2009.7. J.M. Lee Biochemical Engineering Prentis Hall 2008.


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BTL 502: GENETIC ENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONS

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit I

Plant Transformation technology: The basis of tumour formation, hairy root, features of T1 and

R1 plasmids, mechanisms of DNA transfer, role of virulence genes, use of T1 and R1 as vectors,binary vectors, use of 35S and other promoters, genetic markers, use of reporter genes, reporter

gene with introns, methods of nuclear transformation, viral vectors and their applications,multiple gene transfers, vectorless or direct DNA transfer, particle bombardment,

electroporation, microinjection. Transgene stability and gene silencing.In planta transformation,

transgene validation.

Unit II

Applications of plant transformation for productivity and performance: Herbicide resistance for

phosphoinothricin, glyphosate, sulfonylurea, atrazine; Insect resistance: Bt Genes, non-Bt likeprotease inhibitors, alpha amylase inhibitor; Virus resistance: coat protein mediated,nucleocapsid gene; Disease resistance; chitinase, 1-3 beta glucanase, RP antifungal proteins,

thionines, PR proteins; Nematode resistance, Long shelf life of fruits and flowers: use of ACC

synthase, poly-galactouranase, ACC oxidase; Male sterile lines: bar and barnase systems;Carbohydrate composition and storage: ADP glucose pyrophosphatase, terminator gene

technology.

Unit III

Molecular pharming (farming): edible vaccines, therapeutic proteins, Nutritional quality: golden

rice, protein, vitamins. T-DNA & transposon tagging, promoter trapping, activation tagging.

Chloroplast transformation: advantages, vectors, success with tobacco and potato;

Unit IV

Molecular marker-aided breeding: RFLP maps, linkage analysis, RAPD, SSLP markers, STS,

microsatellites, SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions), TE anchors, SSCP(single strand conformational polymorphism), AFLP, QTL, map-based molecular marker

assisted selection, Application of RFLP in forensic, disease prognosis, genetic councelling,

pedigree, varietal analysis, etc., animal trafficking and poaching, germplasm maintenance,taxonomy and biodiversity.

Unit-V

Transgenic applications of Trehalose, Proline, NAC, CBF, HVAI, HSF, Na-H antiporter.

Text/References

Books Recommended:

1. Gupta, P. K. (1996). Elements of Biotechnology, Rastogi and Co., Meerut.2. Henry, R. J. (1997). Practical Applications of Plant Molecular Biology, Chapman and Hall.3. Chawla, H.S.(1998). Biotechnology in Crop Improvement, International Book Distributing

Company.

4. Research Papers.


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BTL 521: Research Project

Credits (0-0-2)

The Research Project Course No. BTL 521 will be evaluated by a Board of three internal

examiners. Research Project Report will be accepted if found satisfactory.


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BTP 522: LAB IN BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING & FERMENTATION

TECHNOLOGY

Credits (0-0-4)

1. Bioreactors assembling and dismantling.2. Sterilization of fermentor and formentation media.3. pH probe standardization.4. Dissolve oxygen probe standardization.5. Determinations of thermal death point (TDP) and thermal death time (TDT) of micro

organisms for designing of sterilization.6. Determination of mixing parameter in the bioreactors.7. Study the effect agitation on aeration and determination of KLa volumetric oxygen

transfer rate in the bioreactor by dynamic gassing out technique.

8. Isolation screening and characterization of cellulase producing micro organisms.9. Isolation screening ad characterization of alkaline protease producing micro

organisms.

10. Cell immobilization and study the bio reaction enzyme kinetics before and afterimmobilization.

Book:

1. B. Atkinson Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hand Book Mac MillanPress 2009


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BTP 523: LAB IN GENETIC ENGINEERING

Credits (0-0-4)

PRACTICAL

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant tissues.2. Isolation of genomic DNA fromE. coli cells.3. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA.4. Restriction digestion of DNA.5. Separation of digested fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis.6. Transfer of resolved DNA fragments from agarose gel to nylon/nitrocellulose membrane.7. Hybridization of nylon/nitrocellulose blots.8. Isolation of plasmid.9. Making competent cells ofE.coli.10. Transformation of competentE.coli cells.11. Cloning of foreign DNA insert in plasmid (PET Vector).12. Isolation of total RNA.13. Expression of fusion protein (His-tagged/MBD-tagged)14. PCR.

Book Recommended:

1. Maniatis, T., Fritch, E.F. and Sambrook, J. (2001). Molecular cloning 3rd ed.: Alaboratory manual, Ist edition. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbour,

New York.


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BTP 524: SEMINAR/JOURNAL CLUB/ASSIGNMENT

Credits (0-0-1)


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BTL 532: MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit-ICellular therapy; Stem cells: definition, properties and potency of stem cells; Sources: embryonic

and adult stem cells; Genetically engineered stem cells in cancer treatment, Concept of tissueengineering; Role of scaffolds; Role of growth factors; Role of adult and embryonic stem cells;

Clinical applications; Ethical issues

Unit-II

Immunotherapy: Cancer immunotherapy; Role of cytokine therapy in cancers; Monoclonal

antibodies and their role in cancer; Role of recombinant interferons; Immunostimulants; Clinical

transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy; Vaccine development; recombinant vaccinesand clinical applications.

Unit-IIIGene therapy; Intracellular barriers to gene delivery; Overview of inherited and acquireddiseases for gene therapy; Retro and adeno virus mediated gene transfer; Liposome and

nanoparticles mediated gene delivery

Recombinant therapy; Clinical applications of recombinant technology; Erythropoietin; Insulinanalogs and its role in diabetes; Recombinant human growth hormone; Streptokinase and

urokinase in thrombosis; Recombinant coagulation factors

Unit-IV

Genetic markers-Biomarkers in early drug development; Biomarkers in Clinical development;

Biomarkers for molecular Diagnostics- example of cancer biomarkers; IVET

Unit-V

Drugs; Types of Drugs - examples of latest drugs; steps in drug designing, HTS, In silico drugdesigning, structure based drug designing, methods of docking concept of ADME metabolism &

Drug Excretion; QSAR; Drug Legislation & safety.

Books:

1. Spier, R.R. and Grifftths, J.B. (1994). Animal Cell biotechnology, 6th Ed., Academic Press,London.

2. Krogsgaard-larsen P. , Liljefors T., Madsen U. and Larsen K, Liljefors T. Madsen U. (2002).Text Book of Drug Design and Discovery, Taylor and Francis Publications, Washington D.C.

3. Palson, O.B. and Bhatia, N.S. (2009). Tissue Engineering. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd.

4. Robert L. and other (2009) .Essentials of Stem Cell Biology. 2nd Ed. Academic Press,London.

5. Research Papers and Review Articles


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BTL 533: MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit I

Introduction to microbial technoloogy, Microbial metabolites: Primary & Seondary, microbial

applications in food and health care industries.

Introduction to microbial genomes, phylogenetic relationships between various genera of

microbes- 16SrRNA sequencing and Ribosomal Database project

Unit-II

Prokaryotic genome organization, chromids, Bacterial and viral metagenomics, synthetic

genomics, microbial sequencing projects, comparative genomics of relevant organisms such aspathogens and non-pathogens, human microbiome project.

Unit-III

Microbial biofilms, polyketide synthase, antibiotic resistance, extremophiles and extremophilicbiocatalysts, lantibiotics, biosynthesis of nanomaterials, probiotics, microbial degradation of

xenobiotics, viral enzymes in modern biotechnology and clinical applications.

Unit-IV

Microbial bio-products: Bioinsecticides antibodies: penicillin G, Microbial Enzymes: amylases,pectinases, hemicellulases, xylanase, cellulases, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, cellobiase,

-glucosidase, glucose isomerase, glucose oxidase, proteases, lipases and streptokinase. vitamin

B12, Steroid bio-transformation. Microbial culture, microbial bioprocesses and product recoveryfor the above microbial bio products.

Unit V

Alcohol biotechnology: Beer, Whisky, and Wine. Microbial culture, fermentation media,

microbial bio-processes and product recovery for beer, whisky and wine.

Book:

Research Papers


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BTL ID3: TO BE OFFERED FROM OUTSIDE THE DEPARTMENT

Credits (3-0-0)


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester IV)


BTL 551: GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS

Credits (3-0-0)

Unit - I

Whole genome analysis: Preparation of genomic library in vectors, ordered cosmid libraries,BAC libraries, shotgun libraries, comparative genomes (Arabidopsis, rice and panda)

Unit - II

DNA sequencing: conventional sequencing (Sanger, Maxam and Gilbert), pyrosequencing, next

generation sequencing, automated sequencing, translation to large scale projects, epigenomics,

cancer genomes.FISH, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), SKY (Spectral Karyotyping).

Unit - III

DNA Microarrays: Chemical DNA synthesis, Printing of oligonucleotides and PCR products on

glass slides, nitrocellulose paper. Fluorescence based assay formats and signal amplificationstrategies, Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism using DNA chips.

Gene Identification and Expression Analysis: DNA microarrays, ESTs, SAGE, MPSS.

Unit IV

Proteome analysis: Two dimensional separation of total cellular proteins, isolation and sequence

analysis of individual protein spots by mass spectroscopy. Protein microarrays, differentialdisplay proteomics, yeast 2-hybrid system, FRET, bimolecular fluorescence complementation

assay.

Unit V

Advantages and disadvantages of DNA and protein microarrays. Total expression vs functionalproteomics, oligosaccharide microarrays for glycomics, pharmacogenomics, introduction to

metabolomics.

References:

1. Peruski, L.F. Jr. and Peruski, A.H. (1997). The Internet and New Biology: Tools forGenomic and Molecular Research ASM.

2.

Schena, M.ed. (1999). DNA Microarrays: a practical approach. Oxford University Press.3. Hunt, S. and Livesey, F. ed. (2000). Functional Genomics: A practical approach. OxfordUniversity Press.

4. Sharma, T.R. (2009). Genome analysis and Bioinformatics. A practical approach,IK International Publishers, New Delhi.

5. Recent articles in journals.


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M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (Semester IV)


BTD 571: RESEARCH PROJECT

Credits (0-0-20)

Msc Biotechnology Cbcegs Semester i to IV

Documents

Transcript of Msc Biotechnology Cbcegs Semester i to IV