Ms. E. Vandecandelaere (English)
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Transcript of Ms. E. Vandecandelaere (English)
Emilie VandecandelaereFAO, Food Quality and [email protected]
GIs and sustainable development : the FAO guide “Linking People, Places and Products”18 February 2010, Palais des Nations, Geneve
Linking People, Places and Products:
the FAO-SinerGI guide for sustainable GIs
Linking product, place and peopleLinking product, place and peopleChivito Criollo del Norte Neuquino, Argentina
ProductProduct
PeoplePeoplePlace, Terroir
GIGI
Specific quality, characteristics, reputation linked to a geographical origin
Inheritage (terroir) AND a potential to add value(differentiation)
One mean of identification = Geographical Indication (GI) Potential to be registered as IP Right and be protected
collective action on the territorycode of practice
TRIPS Agreement (1994)Geographical Indicationsidentify a good as originated in the territory of a Member, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of thegood is essentially attributable to its geographical originGI are considered to be property rights, and members countries have to provide legal tools to protect these rights.
Lisbon Agreement (1958)Appellation of Origin: is the geographical name of a country, region, or locality, which serves to designate a product originating therein, the quality and characteristics of which are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment, including natural and human factors
International definitionsInternational definitions
A two levels approachA two levels approach
One GI product, one code of practice :
– Assessment, Registration, Protection – Supportive policies: support to local implementation, consumer information,…
Legal and institutional frameworkPublic recognition
– Setting up of the Code of practice– Management of the GI system
Local and collective initiative Voluntary approach for marketing, private sector driven
Why promoting origin products?Why promoting origin products?
Consumers side: social expectations, food diversity and more guaranties about quality, origin and production process
A tool for sustainable development in rural areas:Economic pillar: adding value and redistribution along the value chain; benefits from collective action; fair competition on the national and global market; maintain added value in the production areas
Environmental pillar: awareness and sustainable use of natural resources and preservation of biodiversity
Social pillar: preservation of cultural heritage; to develop links between the local population and stakeholders; positive effects on tourism, job opportunities
Prevent delocalization of production and maintain population in remote areas
Experiences in developing countries ?Recent and quick development of GIs over the
world:
• TRIPS 1994: Development of a multilateral legal framework for GIs within the WTO
• national heritage: importance of promoting and protecting it
What are the experiences and lessons learnt?source: • Data collection :
– Regional seminars: Latin America, Asia, Southeastern Europe, the Mediterranean
– Case studies
• Technical cooperation projects: Morocco, Tunisia, Latin America, Asia, Vietnam, Ukraine, Croatia, Mali, etc.
Challenges at the institutional levelChallenges at the institutional levelDiversity of approaches:
– recognition: public or private driven – Agriculture / Intellectual Property institutions in charge of GI
Challenges:• Coordination between sectors and levels (multidisciplinarity : agriculture,
IP, rural development, food safety, culture, tourism, research and central to local services)
• Institutional capacities and resources• Supportive policies vs top down approach: need for a balance of
public - private involvement• Effective protection, national and international
Challenges at local level – All products can’t be GI product ! specific
quality linked to origin?
– It is not the same for all GI! importance of local conditions and process:
• Distribution of added value depends on collective actions, well organized supply chain and marketing strategy
• Preservation of local resources depend on code of practice content and endorsement
• Importance of local capacities and facilitation: financial, technical, scientific support, networking and coordination
– It takes time: risk of loss of interest of producers...
Product, organization, market
Why such a guide? 1. Importance of local and typical products
for food security and rural development, but positive effects not automatic...
2. New area, especially in developing countries
3. Large varieties of process and experiences, but lack of references
4. Complex matter: interdisciplinary and multi levels
Explaining
Raising awareness
Sharing concrete experiences & models
Facilitating local implementation of GIs
20 experts from FAO and SinerGI: Agronomist, economist, market specialist, layer...
Target:people working in agricultural and rural development having an interest of promoting and preserving local products and resources (Practitioners, facilitators, rural development specialists from public and private sectors, representatives of the supply chain, policy makers, rural community leaders and trainers)
The content:• 193 pages... in 5 parts: the specific
quality virtuous circle for sustainable development
• definitions and methodologies• case studies• self evaluation
More than 40 Case studies analyzedMore than 40 Case studies analyzedFAO1. Queso Turrialba, Costa Rica. 2. Café de Colombia3. Cacao Chuao, Venezuela4. Limón de Pica. Chile.5. Chivito criollo del Norte Neuquino, Argentina6. Queso Cotija, México. 7. Cacao Arriba. Ecuador. 8. Maíz Blanco Gigante de Cuzco, Peru. 9. Kampong Speu Palm sugar, Cambodia. 10. Tea Darjeeling, India11. Kintamani Bali coffee, Indonesia12. Nakornchaisri Pummelo, Thailand 13. Uvs sea buckthorn Mongolia14. Jinhua Ham, China 15. Saffron Taliouine, Morocco 16. Argan oil, Morocco 17. Pomgranate of Gabes, Tunisia18. Black lamb of Thibar, Tunisia 19. Ham of Uzice -Užićka Goveća Pršuta, Serbia. 20. The Livno Cheese - Bosnia and Herzegovina. 21. The Bean of Tetovo - Tetovski Krav, FYROM
Sinergi1. Queso Chontaleño, Nicaragua2. Parmigiano Reggiano, Italy 3. Pico Duarte Coffee, Dominican Republic, 4. Rooibos, South Africa 5. Tequila, Mexico 6. Piment de Mamou, Cameroun 7. Gaucho Pampa de Campanha Meridional
Meat, Brasil 8. Pampean Argentina Beef, Argentina9. Gari Missè of Savalou Benin 10. Jambon de Parme. Italy 11. Basmati rice in Pakistan, 12. Kraljevacki Kajmak, Serbia13. Olive oil of Nyons, France 14. Bleuberry Lake St Jean, Québec15. cherry of Lari, Italy16. Lardo di Colonnata. Italy17. Salt of Amed, Indonesia 18. Gruere, Switzerland19. Comté France
For a sustainable virtuous quality circleFor a sustainable virtuous quality circle
1. Identification: local awareness and assessment of potentials
2. Product qualification: setting up of the rules: the code of practice
3. Product remuneration: managing the system marketing the products
4. Local resources reproduction: assessment for ensuring system sustainability
5. Public policies
www. foodquality-origin.org
Emilie VandecandelaereFood and Agriculture Organization of UN Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division [email protected]
Tel: +39 06 570 56 210
Thank you