Bio 200 Review Sheet for Mid-Term (2012-13)

Unit 1: Biology the Science of Life

1. The study of living and once living things is known as ________________.

2. Starting with cell and ending with biosphere, list and define the levels of organization of life.

3. What are the 7 characteristics of life? Give at least one example of each. (Any order is fine.)

4. Organisms that make their own food are called ___________. Examples are

5. What processes do autotrophs use to make their own food? Where do they get the energy for this process?

6. Which process releases the energy in the bonds of glucose (as ATP) that (both autotrophic and heterotrophic) organisms use for life processes?

7. Organisms that cannot make their food and have to eat other organisms are called ______. Examples are

8. _____________ can only be transferred and transformed (or stored and released).

9. _____________ can be recycled by decomposers (such as bacteria & fungi) so that they can be returned to the environment and used by other organisms.

10. Draw an example of a food chain with at least 3 links from the food web to the right.

11. Name a primary producer (autotroph) from the food web to the right.

12. Name a primary consumer (heterotroph) from the food web to the right.

13. Name a secondary consumer (heterotroph) from the food web to the right.

14. Name a tertiary consumer (heterotroph) from the food web to the right.

15. What group of organisms are missing from the food web to the right?

16. What shape is usually used to represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem (10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency)? Why?

.

17. Given the following organisms: grass grasshopper robin snake

draw an energy pyramid & label each section with the correct organism

label each trophic level

label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer

label each level as autotroph or heterotroph

label the amount of energy at each level if the bottom level had 2500 J of energy

Unit 2: Bio as a Science

18. The ___________________________________ is a process used to answer questions or solve problems.

19. The steps of the scientific method are _______________.

20. An educated guess that can be tested as a way of trying to find the answer to a problem is a _________.

21. The steps taken to complete an experiment are known as the _______________.

22. The group in an experiment used for comparison (where nothing is changed, including the IV) is the ________.

23. The group in an experiment used to test the IV is the _______________.

24. The parts of the experiment that are not being tested and are kept the same are _______________.

25. The variable being tested/changed in an experiment is the _______________.

26. The variable being measured (that changes due to a change in the IV) in an experiment is the ________.

27. Recorded measurements or info gathered during experiment are known as_______________.

28. A ____________ is a hypothesis that has been tested again and again with similar results and has stood the test of time.

29. A ____________ is a statement about phenomenon that occur in nature.

30. How do you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?

31. How do you prepare a wet mount slide?

32. What can we add to a slide in order to make a specimen more visible?

THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

Write the name of each part on the compound light microscope above AND briefly describe its function.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

(15.)

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Unit 3: The Chemistry of Life

33.

34.

Subatomic particle

Location

Charge

Symbol

____________

Nucleus (center of atom)

Positive

__

Neutron

_______

__

n0

___________

_______

negative

__

35. What type of bond is shown here? Why?

36. What type of bond is shown here? Why?

37. For phosphorous:

atomic number- ______

# of protons- _____

# of electrons- _____

mass number- _______

# of neutrons- _____

How did you figure out the number of neutrons?

38. In the box to the right, draw an atom of phosphorous.

39. What are the six most abundant elements in living organisms?

40. What is a monomer?

41. What is a polymer?

42. What are the four major types of biological (organic) macromolecules/polymers? What are the monomers (building blocks) that make up each?

Unit 4: The Cell & Its Environment

43. Name the 3 parts of the cell theory.

44. Draw & label a diagram of (a cross-section of) a cell membrane.

45. A cell's membrane lets certain things in/out, but does not let other things in/out... This cell's membrane is said to be __________________.

46. ______________________ is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

47. __________________ transport does NOT require energy.

48. _________________________ is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

49. Active transport _______________ require energy.

50. Osmosis is _______________________________________________________________________________.

ABC

For each picture above:

51. What is the percentage of water inside & outside of the cell in each "beaker"?

a. inside:__________%outside: __________%

b. inside:__________%outside: __________%

c. inside:__________%outside: __________%

52. (20% salt)Draw arrows to show which way the water will move.

53. (10% salt)Explain why the water will move that way.

a.

b.

c.

54. What will happen to the size/shape of the cell?

a.

b.

c.

Unit 5: Inside the Cell

55. Label the names of the parts of both the animal & plant cells below.

56. Compare plant & animals cells in the table below:

57. Describe the functions(s)/job(s) of each organelle:

ORGANELLE

FUNCTION

cell (plasma) membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

(includes chromatin & chromosomes)

nuclear membrane (envelope)

nucleolus

ribosome

endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

mitochondria (mighty mitochondria)

vacuole

lysosome

chloroplast

cell wall

cilia

flagella

centrioles

Unit 6: DNA & Protein Synthesis

58. DNA is an abbreviation for _________________________________.

59. Draw and label a nucleotide.

60. What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

61. What are the nitrogen base pair rules in DNA? (Which bases always pair up?)

62. Draw and label an untwisted (straight ladder) DNA molecule.

What makes up the backbone (sides)?

What makes up the rungs (steps)?

63. Who described the shape of DNA as a "double helix"?

64. Compare DNA & RNA:

DNA

RNA

sugar =

sugar =

______________ stranded

_____________ stranded

CANNOT ___________________

Can move between ____________________

N bases =

N bases =

65. What is replication?

66. What is transcription?

67. What is translation?

68. Why do cells need to copy their DNA?

69. Construct the complementary strand from the following parent strand:

DNA parent strand:T - A - C - A - A - G - T - G - A - C - A - T - A - T C

DNA complementary strand:_____________________________________________

70. What are the nitrogen base pair rules in RNA? (Which bases always pair up?)

71. DNA holds the instructions to tell cells how to make _____________.

72. ___________________ can leave the nucleus, but ________________ cannot.

73. What is a codon?

74. Using the given DNA sequence, write the corresponding mRNA sequence & amino acids that would be formed during transcription and translation.

DNA TAC TTC TGA ACG

mRNA ____________________________________________

amino acids ____________________________________________

75. What determines the amino acid that is coded for?

76. ______________________ are the monomers that are bonded together to form proteins (which are polymers).

77. Sketch a:

a. DNA moleculeb. mRNA moleculec. tRNA molecule

78. Put the terms below in the order in which they occur:

DNA, protein synthesis, transcription, translation

79. What is a mutation?

80. What is a deletion mutation?

81. What is an insertion mutation?

82. What is a point mutation?

Unit 7: Cellular Reproduction (Mitosis & Meiosis)

Use the word bank below to answer questions 83-85.

Interphase MetaphaseCytokinesis Anaphase Telophase Prophase

83. What is the order of these stages in the cell cycle?

a. _____________________________

b. _____________________________

c. _____________________________

d. _____________________________

e. ____________________________