Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions...

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Transcript of Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions...

Page 1: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Mrs. Marr

Page 2: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Injuries• Remember that most

injuries fall into basic categories :– Contusions– Sprains

• Ligaments

– Strains• Muscles

– Fractures

– Chronic vs. Acute

Page 3: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Bones of the Bones of the Lower LimbLower Limb

Pelvis (hip): 3 bones that have grown togetherShaped differently in males than

femalesIlium you can feel it at the top of

your hipsIschium you sit on the boney tips Pubis located above your groin

Sacrum: back of hips, attached to ilium, base of the spine, 5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx: 4 bones at end of sacrum Acetabulum: Socket for the Femur

(Ball and Socket joint)Upper Leg:

Femur ThighboneKnee: Patella- knee bone

Joint- Femur and TibiaLower Leg: 2 bones

Tibia- weight bearing Fibular- non weight bearing

Ankle/Foot: Bottom of your toes 7 tarsal Bones

Talus: Ankle Bone Calcaneus (Heel Bone)

Largest/strongest bone in your footCuboid- cubed shapedNavicular- shaped like a little boatCuneiforms (3)- wedge shaped,

between Navicular & 1st 3 metatarsal

Page 4: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 5: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Hip and Pelvis Anatomy

Page 6: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Knee Anatomy• Hinge Joint

– Knee Flexion• Hamstrings

– Knee Extension• Quadriceps

• Bones– Femur– Tibia– Patella

• Fibula is not really in the knee complex

• Ligaments (4)– ACL– PCL– MCL– LCLThese ligaments connect

the Tibia and Femur and provide the structural integrity to the knee.

• Meniscus– Medial and Lateral

• Muscles– Quads (4)– Hamstrings (3)

Page 7: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Knee Ligament Structure

Page 8: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Cadaver KneePCL

ACL

LCL MCL

MM

LM

Patella Tendon

Patella

Page 9: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Transverse Cross View of the Knee

Page 10: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 11: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 12: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 13: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

KNEE MUSCLES

Page 14: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 15: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Hamstring

Page 16: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 17: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 18: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 19: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

ADDUCTORS

Page 20: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Muscles

Page 21: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Evaluation• History

– Asking what where when how

– Getting athlete comfortable

• Observation– Look for any

abnormalities

• Palpation– KNOW YOUR ANATOMY!

• Special Tests– ROM– Stress tests

Page 22: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Ober Test IT Band Tightness

Positive Test: The leg will not drop there is tightness

Negative Test:The leg drops easily

Page 23: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Lachman’s Test (ACL)

• Alternative ACL Test– Anterior Drawer – Modified Lachman’s

– Forward translation of the Femur on the Tibia

Page 24: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 25: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Posterior Sag (PCL)• Can also be done with

heel resting on chair• Look for sag of the Tibia/

Backward translation of the Tibia

Page 26: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Stress Test Valgus Varus

MCL LCL

Page 27: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Surgery

Page 28: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

OTHERWound Care

• Put gloves on– Universal

Precautions

• Clean the wound• Antibiotic cream• Cover • Wrap on

Page 29: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

NAME THIS INJURY

Page 30: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

KNEE DISLOCATION

Page 31: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 32: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Femur Fracture

Page 33: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Surgery Scars

Page 34: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 35: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Tibia FX & Dislocation (Rotation)

Page 36: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 37: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

What will you have to

know…

Page 38: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 39: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 40: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 41: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 42: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Are you ready?

Page 43: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Ilium

Illiac Crest

FemurIschial TuberosityPubic

Tubercle

FemoralHead

Sacrum

Coccyx

Ischium

Pubis

Sacroiliac JT

Page 44: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

I lliacus Muscle

Psoas ( Major)

MUS CLES OF THE HI P

Page 45: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.
Page 46: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Illiac Crest

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Gracilis

Adductor Longus

Pectineus

Lateral FemoralCondyle

Tibia

Patellar Tendon

Patella

Tibialis Anterior

Peroneus

ExtensorDigitorum

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Fibular Head

Calcaneus

Gluteus MaximusGluteus Medius

AchillesTendon

Gastrocnemius

Semimembranosus

PopitealFossa

BicepsFemoris

Semiteninosus

Medial Malleolus

Lateral Malleolus

Gracilis

AdductorMagnus

Vastus Lateralis

Greater Trochanter(Femur)

Hamstrings (Semiteninosus,Semimembranosus, Biceps Femoris)

Hip Flexors (Illopsoas, Rectus Femoris,Tens or Fac iae LataePec tineus ,G rac ilis , Sartor ius )

Tensor FaciaeLatae

Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris,Vastus Lateralis,Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis)

Lateral JointLine

Medial Joint Line

Groin/Anterior Thigh (Adductors,Pectineus, Gracilis)

Plantar Fascia

Page 47: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

ReviewAnkle, Lower leg and Foot

Page 48: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Cuboid

CuneiformBones (3)

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Page 49: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Tibia

Fibula

Anterior Tib-Fib Lig

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuboid

PosteriorCalcano-Fibular

Anterior Talo-Fibular Lig.

Calcano-FibularLigament

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Page 50: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Lateral View of Left Lower Limb (Bones)

Femoral Head

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Calcaneus

Fibular Head

Patella

Cuneiforms

Phalanges

Lateral Malleolus

Femoral Condyle

Page 51: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Review and

LAB…

NEXT SLIDES

Page 52: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Knee AnatomyLabel the structures

1. Femur2. Tibia3. Fibula4. MCL5. LCL6. ACL7. PCL8. Medial Meniscus9. Lateral Meniscus10. Name the action the Quadriceps

perform on the knee when contracted.________________

11. Name the action the Hamstrings perform on the knee when contracted._________________

Page 53: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

Can You Label the structures ?

1. Femur2. Sacrum3. Ilium4. Illiac Crest5. Coccyx6. Femoral Head7. Pubis8. Ischium9. Psoas Major10. Illiacus11. Rectus Femoris12. Vastus Lateralis13. Sartorius14. Gracilis15. Gluteus Max16. Tibialis Anterior17. Gastrocnemius18. Patellar Tendon19. Achilles Tendon20. TFL/ IT Band

Page 54: Mrs. Marr. Injuries Remember that most injuries fall into basic categories : –Contusions –Sprains Ligaments –Strains Muscles –Fractures –Chronic vs. Acute.

KNEE/Hip LabKNEE/Hip LabLabel and Palpate

• Label the Lower Limb– Bones– Ligaments– Tendons/ MusclesYES YOU NEED TO MARK ON THEIR LEGS !

• Palpate and get a feel for the Knee and Hip– Always compare~ Touch BOTH Knees.

• SM II- Practice special tests-Knee– Anterior Drawer Test– Lachman’s/Modified Lachman’s Test– Varus Stress Test– Valgus Stress Test

• DON’T FORGET ABOUT THE ANKLE,FOOT, TOESDON’T FORGET ABOUT THE ANKLE,FOOT, TOES


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