Mr. Vinod P. Tayade (M.Tech. VLSI Tech.)

Rewind......

1/7/2021Mr. Vinod P. Tayade Govt. Polytechnic, Nashik

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Digital Electronics

Combinational Circuits

Sequential Circuits

Number System

Decimal

Binary

Hexadecimal

Octal

Rewind......Number System


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Conversion...


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Hexadecimal Addition


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Microprocessor based system


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Buses....


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Memory..


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What is Microcontroller?


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A Microcontroller is a small and low-cost

microcomputer, which is designed to perform the

specific tasks of embedded systems like displaying

microwave information, receiving remote signals etc.

The general microcontroller consists of the processor,

the memory (RAM, ROM, EPROM), Serial ports,

peripherals (timers, counters) etc.

Evolutions


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History

The 8051 microcontroller wasinvented in 1980's by Intel. Itsfoundation is based on Harvardarchitecture and this microcontrollerwas developed principally forbringing it to be used in EmbeddedSystems.\

At first it was created by usingNMOS technology but the use ofNMOS consumed more power towork therefore Intel re-launch themicrocontroller 8051 using CMOStechnology and new edition came upwith edition of letter 'C' in the titlename, therefore the new modifiedversion of microcontroller is called byname 80C51.

1/7/2021

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Mr. Vinod P. Tayade Govt. Polytechnic, Nashik

Applications


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Applications of Microcontroller


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Comparison of Microprocessor and Microcontroller


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Sr.

No.Microcontroller Microprocessor

1 It has Inbuilt RAM or ROM Do not have inbuilt RAM or ROM

2 It has Inbuilt Timer Do not have inbuilt Timer

3 It has I/O Ports are available I/O Ports are not available, it required

8255 for interfacing

4 It has Inbuilt serial port Do not have inbuilt serial port, it required

extra devices like 8251.

5 Separate memory to store

program and data

Program and data are stored in same

memory.

6 Boolean operation is possible Boolean operation is not possible directly

7 Few instructions for external

memory access

Many instruction to access external

memory access.

8 Many multifunction pins on the IC Less multifunction pins on the IC

Evolution of Microcontroller


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Comparison of CISC and RISC


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Sr. No. CISC RISC

1 Emphasis on hardware Emphasis on software

2 Multiple instruction sizes and

formats

Instructions of same set with few formats

3 Less registers Uses more registers

4 More addressing modes Fewer addressing modes

5 Extensive use of

microprogramming

Complexity in compiler

6 Instructions take a varying

amount of cycle time

Instructions take one cycle time

7 Pipelining is difficult Pipelining is easy

Architecture type


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Comparison of Harvard & Von-Neumann Architecture


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Sr. No. Harvard Architecture Von Neumann Architecture

1 The Harvard architecture uses

physically separate memories for

their instructions and data

It uses single memory for their instruction and

data

2 It requires separate & dedicated

buses for memories for instructions

and data

Requires single bus for instruction and data

3 Its design is complicated Its design is simple

4 Instruction and data can be fetched

simultaneously which improves

operating speed

Instruction and data have to be fetched in

sequential order which limits the operating

speed

Block diagram of Microcontroller


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Comparison


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Sr.

No.

Specification 8051 8751 8951

1 Program Memory 4K x 8 ROM 4K x 8 EPROM 16/32/64 Kb

codeFlash

2 Data memory 128 byte RAM 128 byte RAM 1 Kb RAM

3 Timer/Counter Two-16 bit Two-16 bit Three-16 bit

4 Programmable Watch

dog timer

NO NO YES

5 Interrupts 5 with 2 level

priority

5 with 2 level

priority

9 with 4 level

priority

6 I/O Ports Four 8-bit Ports Four 8-bit Ports Four or six 8-bit

Ports

7 Data Pointer One One Dual

8 Power Consumption High Medium Low

Questions...


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No. Question Marks

1Define Microcontroller? 2

2State difference between RISC and CISC 2

3Draw Harvard architecture 2

4Draw block diagram of Von-Neumann architecture 2

5State name of microcontroller IC manufacturer.

2

6Draw explain block diagram of microcontroller

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7Compare Microprocessor and Microcontroller.

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8Compare Harvard and Von-Neumann’s architecture.

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9Compare RISC and CISC architecture.

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10Explain Evaluation of Microcontroller.

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11Compare 8051 and 8751 versions of microcontroller.

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12Compare 8051 and 8951 versions of microcontroller

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Mr. Vinod P. Tayade (M.Tech. VLSI Tech.) · 2021. 1. 7. · Comparison of Microprocessor and...

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