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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 1

Principios Basicos de Resonancia Magntica

Resonancia Magntica y Tomografa

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 2

INTRODUCCION RESONANCIA MAGNETICA NUCLEAR

GENERACION DE SEAL DE RM

TIEMPOS DE RELAJACION T1 Y T2 IMAGEN RESONANCIA MAGNETICA

MR Principios

Contenido

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 3

Magnetic Resonance

Nuclei, protons and spins

Norte +

Sur-

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 4

Magnetic ResonanceNuclei, protons and spins

ATOM

positive charged

proton

neutron

no chargeHYDROGENATOM

nucleus

proton

electronnegative charged

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Magnetic Resonance

Nuclei, protons and spins

spin

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 6

Magnetic Resonance

Many protons

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Magnetic Resonance

Many protons

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Magnetic ResonanceNuclei in a magnetic field

X

Y

Z

Summed

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9/154Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 9

Magnetic ResonanceNuclei in a magnetic field

X

Y

Z

SummedNET MAGNETISATION

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10/154Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 10

Magnetic ResonanceNuclei in a magnetic field

X

Y

Z

SummedNET MAGNETISATION

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11/154Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 11

Magnetic ResonanceNuclei in a magnetic field

X

Y

Z

SummedNET MAGNETISATION

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12/154Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 12

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

spin

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13/154Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 13

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

spin

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Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 16

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 17

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 18

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 19

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 20

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 21

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 22

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 23

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 24

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 25

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 26

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 27

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 28

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 29

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 30

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 31

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 32

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 33

Magnetic ResonancePrecession

B0

f0 = x B0

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 34

Magnetic ResonanceThe resonance frequency

Nucleus fo (0.5 T) fo (1.0 T) fo (1.5 T)

1H 21.3 MHz 42.6 MHz 63.8 MHz

19F 20.0 MHz 40.1 MHz 60.2 MHz

31P 8.6 MHz 17.2 MHz 25.7 MHz

23Na 5.7 MHz 11.3 MHz 17.1 MHz

13C 5.4 MHz 10.7 MHz 16.1 MHz

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 35

MR signal generation

Excitation

Relaxation

The MR acquisition technique:

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 36

MR signal generation

Excitation

Relaxation

The MR acquisition technique:

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 37

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 38

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 39

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 40

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 41

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 42

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 43

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 44

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 45

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 46

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 47

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 48

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 49

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 50

MR signal generationExcitation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 51

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0

M

net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 52

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

MR signal generation Excitation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 53

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

MR signal generation Excitation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 54

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 55

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 56

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 57

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 58

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 59

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 60

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 61

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 62

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 63

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 64

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 65

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 66

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 67

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 68

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 69

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 70

MR signal generation Excitation

X

Y

Z B0

M

net magnetisation

and

90 pulse

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 71

MR signal generation

Excitation

Relaxation

The MR measurement is a two-step process:

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 72

MR signal detectionRelaxation

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 73

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

Receive

coil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 74

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 75

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 76

Bo

Transmitcoil

RadioFrequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 77

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 78

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 79

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d i

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 80

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

RadioFrequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 81

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 82

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 83

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 84

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 85

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 86

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l d t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 87

Bo

Transmitcoil

Radio

Frequency

Transmitter

Receivecoil

Radio

Frequency

Receiver

MR signal detectionRelaxation

MR i l h t i ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 88

X

Y

Z Bo

Mo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR i l h t i ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 89

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 90

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 91

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 92

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 93

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 94

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 95

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 96

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 97

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 98

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 99

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 100

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 101

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 102

X

Y

Z Bo

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 103

X

Y

Z Bo

M0

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 105

X Y

Z Bo

M0

MR signal characteristicsExcitation & Relaxation

Excitation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 106

X Y

Z Bo

M0

MR signal characteristicsExcitation & Relaxation

Excitation

Relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 107

X

Y

Z Bo

M0

Relaxation processes:

spin-spin relaxation

in xy plane (T2)

spin-lattice relaxationalong z-axis (T1)

MR signal characteristicsRelaxation proces

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 108

Y

Z Bo

Mo

time

Mxy

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

X

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 109

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

Z Bo

time

MxyMxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 110

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

Z Bo

time

Mxy

Mxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 111

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

Z B0

time

Mxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 112

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

Z B0

time

Mxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 113

MR signal characteristicsTransverse relaxation

Z B0

time

Mxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 114

gTransverse relaxation

Z B0

M0

time

Mxy

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 115

gTransverse relaxation time

T2

37%

Mxy

T2

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 116

gTransverse relaxation time

Mxy Contrast

MR signal characteristics

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116/154

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 117

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

Mo

s g a c a acte st csLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 118

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 119

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 120

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 121

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 122

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 123

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 124

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 125

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 126

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 127

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 128

X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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X

Y

Z Bo

time

Mz

gLongitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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X

Y

Z Bo

Mo

time

M0

Mz

Longitudinal relaxation

MR signal characteristics

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X

Y

Z Bo

Mo

Mz

time

63%

T1

Longitudinal relaxation time

M0

MR signal characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 132

Z

time

Mxy

time

Mz

T1 and T2 relaxation

Bo

Mo M0

MR Tissue Characteristics

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 133

Tissue Proton density T1 (msec) T2 (msec)

Adipose 100 260 85

Bone marrow 40 400 60

White matter 85 790 90

Grey matter 80 920 100

Blood 95 1200 100

CSF 100 >4000 >2000

Cortical bone

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Proton densityT2-weigthed

T1-weigthed

MR Imaging

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 135

MR Coils

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Resonancia Magntica

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Resonancia Magntica

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 138

MR

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MR Spatial encoding

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MR Spatial encoding

Y

Z

X

Y gradient coils

Z gradient coils

Static fieldmagnetic coil

X gradient coils

MR ImagingG di t fi ld

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Gradient field

Z gradient coil

MR ImagingG di t fi ld

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 142

Gradient field

X-Y gradient coil

MR ImagingS ti l di

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Spatial encoding

1e dimension: selective excitation

2e dimension: phaseencoding

3e dimension: frequency encoding

Spatial encoding is achieved by

applying gradients in 3 dimensions

MR ImagingSli l ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 144

Slice selection

selection

gradient

f ~ B

Transmitted

RF pulse

position

MR ImagingSli i t ti

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Slice orientation

No

RF pulse

no selectiongradientposition

f ~ B

MR ImagingSli i t ti

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Slice orientation

position

f ~ B

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo

Z selectiongradient

MR ImagingSli i t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 147

Slice orientation

No

RF pulse

no selectiongradientposition

f ~ B

MR ImagingSli i t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 148

Slice orientation

position

f ~ B

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo

Y selectiongradient

MR ImagingSli i t ti

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 149

Slice orientation

No

RF pulse

no selectiongradientposition

f ~ B

MR ImagingSlice orientation

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 150

Slice orientation

position

f ~ B

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo

Xselectio

n

gradient

MR ImagingSlice thickness

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 151

Slice thickness

position

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo fo

f ~ B

weak

selection

gradient

MR ImagingSlice thickness

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Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 152

Slice thickness

position

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo fo

f ~ B

strong

selection

gradient

MR ImagingSli iti

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Slice position

position

f2

f2

TransmittedRF Pulse

SelectionGradient

fLB

MR ImagingSlice thickness

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Slice thickness

position

Transmitted

RF pulse

fo fo

f ~ B

strong

selection

gradient

Pulse sequence

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Pulse sequence

RF

MR response

Gphase enc.

Gfrequency enc.

Gslice selection

90 180