Mr. Marston

Dominion Christian High School

Marietta, GA

Mr. Marston

Dominion Christian High School

Marietta, GA

Hittite Empire: 2000 B.C.

Hittite Empire: 2000 B.C.

Hittites

• Not ruled by priest-kings• Hittite king was commander of the

army• Feared military power• Used iron weapons and chariots• Made war against Egypt:

weakened both sides

Hattusas: Capital of the Hittites

Hattusas: Capital of the Hittites

HattusasHattusas

Hattusas – Lion’s Gate

Hattusas – Lion’s Gate

Hittite Chariots & Warriors

Hittite Chariots & Warriors

A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.

A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.

Hittite WritingHittite Writing

The Battle of Kadesh: Hittites vs. Egyptians

The Battle of Kadesh: Hittites vs. Egyptians

Treaty of Kadesh

Treaty of Kadesh

Ramses II at Kadesh

Largest chariot battle in history: 5,000 to

6,000 chariots

Ramses II at Kadesh

Largest chariot battle in history: 5,000 to

6,000 chariots

Phoenician Sea Routes

Phoenician Sea Routes

Phoenicia• Group of city states along the eastern

coast of the Mediterranean• Major cities: Sidon and Tyre• Great sea-faring and trading people

(spices, linen, wheat, cattle, horses, ivory, gold, tin)

• 2 most important trading items• a. mollusk: purple dye (sign of royalty)• b. lumber: cedar and fir trees

A Phoenician Bireme Ship

A Phoenician Bireme Ship

The “Royal Purple” Dye

The “Royal Purple” Dye

Phoenician City of Byblos:“Home of the Alphabet”

Uniform symbols to stand for distinct sounds

Letters represented sounds

Writing became simple for many people to understand

Phoenician City of Byblos:“Home of the Alphabet”

Uniform symbols to stand for distinct sounds

Letters represented sounds

Writing became simple for many people to understand

Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet

Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest ColonyCarthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony

The Arameans (Syrians)• “Crossroads of civilization” and link between Asia

and Africa• 1000 B.C. established small independent states• Land empire that rivaled the sea empire of

Phoenicians• Damascus: capital of international trade• Aramaic language was used as a “negotiating”

language among the peoples of the Fertile Crescent

-became common spoken language of regionDamascus was destroyed by the Assyrians in 732 B.C.

Abraham’s GeneaologyAbraham’s Geneaology

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

Abrahamic Covenant

• 1. people• 2. land of Canaan• 3. Bless all on earth

Abraham’s Journey from UrAbraham’s Journey from Ur

Canaan The “Promised Land”Canaan The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s JourneysAbraham’s Journeys

Jacob’s people go to Egypt to escape famine

• Joseph saves his father’s family• House of Judah most important:

Israel’s kings

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People

The TorahThe Torah

The first 5 books of the Hebrew Torah.

The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

The first 5 books of the Hebrew Torah.

The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

Ancient PalestineAncient Palestine

Land of Goshen, EgyptLand of Goshen, Egypt

MosesMoses

“Prince of Egypt”

“Prince of Egypt”

“Shepherd of His People”

“Shepherd of His People”

The ExodusThe Exodus

Route of the ExodusRoute of the Exodus

Mount SinaiMount Sinai

Moses and the 10 Commandmets

Moses and the 10 Commandmets

A new “covenant”

with Yahweh

A new “covenant”

with Yahweh

Israelites wandering in the desert

King Saul: united the tribes of Israel

King David’s EmpireKing David’s Empire

Solomon’s

Kingdom

Solomon’s

Kingdom

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

The First TempleThe First Temple

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Kingdoms of

Judah

&

Israel

Kingdoms of

Judah

&

Israel

Israelites: Babylonian Captivity

Israelites: Babylonian Captivity

Jewish Captives: 8c BCE

Jewish Captives: 8c BCE

Near Eastern Empires

The Assyrian Empire: created largest empire in the near East up to 650

B.C.

The Assyrian Empire: created largest empire in the near East up to 650

B.C.

Assyrians

• Capital was Nineveh• Adopted Sumerian and Amorite

culture (gods, language, art, architecture, science, and literature)

Assyrian military was unmatched in Near East

Society was based on the military

Assyrian Military Power: iron weapons, siege towers, battering rams, war

chariots

Assyrian Military Power: iron weapons, siege towers, battering rams, war

chariots

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

Assyrian Military

• Assyrian military start at 45 seconds

Sargon II: Assyrian King: destroyer of Samaria

Chaldean and Median armies destroy Nineveh in

612 B.C.

• Capital of Assyrian Empire destroyed

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Ishtar Gate

Ishtar Gate

Hanging Gardensof Babylon?

Hanging Gardensof Babylon?

Israelites in Captivity” Jewish Diaspora:

Scattering

Israelites in Captivity” Jewish Diaspora:

Scattering

Chaldean accomplishments

• AstronomyAstronomy

a.a.Chartered positions of planets and Chartered positions of planets and starsstars

b.b. named constellationsnamed constellations

c.c.Predicted eclipsesPredicted eclipses

End of Chaldean Empire in 539 BC

Succeeded by Persian Empire

Persian Empire

Cyrus the Great

Conquered the Lydians and King Croesus of Asia Minor in 546 B.C.

Lydians developed coinage for exchange instead of barter system

Allowed conquered foes some self-rule, tolerated their religious beliefs, and returned prisoners to their homeland

Cyrus the Great: Persian King: allowed the Jews to return to Israel and rebuild the temple

Persian accomplishments

• Masters of administrative control• Divided empire into provinces (satrapies)

overseen by a governor (satrap) appointed by the king

• System of roads• Postal system• Adopted coinage, writing, navy, and

calendar from conquered peoples

Persian Religion: Zoroaster

• Monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda• Avesta: ancient writings of

Zoroastrianism• good vs. evil: world was battleground• Afterlife: good works were more than

evil.

Persians ruled ancient world until Alexander the

Great 4BC