Mr. Mark GonzalezGrace Christian Academy

Mr. Mark GonzalezGrace Christian Academy

Westward Expansion and War

with Mexico

““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny” First mentioned by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.

First mentioned by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

Also led to diplomatic conflict w/ Great Britain and war against Mexico

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

Also led to diplomatic conflict w/ Great Britain and war against Mexico

““American Progress” by American Progress” by John Gast, 1872John Gast, 1872

““American Progress” by American Progress” by John Gast, 1872John Gast, 1872

Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836

1. Sam Houston(1793-1863)

1. Sam Houston(1793-1863)

2. Steven Austin(1793-1836)

2. Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of Texas-March 2, The Republic of Texas-March 2, 18361836

The Republic of Texas-March 2, The Republic of Texas-March 2, 18361836

•20,000 white colonists many ofGerman decent•2,000 black slaves•5,000 Mexicans (Tejanos)•White colonists refused to renounceSlavery and convert to Catholicism•“Texians” rather than Mexican subjects•Rebelled against Mexican dictator Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana

Remember the Remember the AlamoAlamo!!San Antonio, Texas-March San Antonio, Texas-March

18361836

Remember the Remember the AlamoAlamo!!San Antonio, Texas-March San Antonio, Texas-March

18361836

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand: Davey Crockett’s Last Stand: Crockett and 7 other survivors Crockett and 7 other survivors were captured and executed by were captured and executed by

Santa AnaSanta Ana

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand: Davey Crockett’s Last Stand: Crockett and 7 other survivors Crockett and 7 other survivors were captured and executed by were captured and executed by

Santa AnaSanta Ana

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptured the Alamo- Break for ATSU video

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptured the Alamo- Break for ATSU video

Overland Immigration Overland Immigration to the Westto the West

Overland Immigration Overland Immigration to the Westto the West

Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

James K. Polk (1845-49

Tennessee democrat Protégé of Jackson Wanted the annexation

of both Texas and all the Oregon territory to the union and got it!

The The Oregon Trail Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869

The The Oregon Trail Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869

Oregon Trail Oregon Trail and other Trails and other Trails WestwardWestward

Oregon Trail Oregon Trail and other Trails and other Trails WestwardWestward

* By 1845, about 5,000 Americans were living in the Willamette Valley, Oregon•Trail was 2,000 miles long-trip took 6 months•Sante Fe Trail•Mormon Trail•California Trail

The Doomed The Doomed DonnerDonner Party PartyThe Doomed The Doomed DonnerDonner Party Party

April, 1846 – April, 1847-April, 1846 – April, 1847-

The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty

The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty

James Reed & Wife

James Reed & Wife

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen Of the 87 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

Stalled by a October snowstorm at what is today called Donner Pass-break for ATSUvideo

Of the 87 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

Stalled by a October snowstorm at what is today called Donner Pass-break for ATSUvideo

CANNIBALISM ! !

CANNIBALISM ! !

The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 54’ 40º 40º or Fight!or Fight!

The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 54’ 40º 40º or Fight!or Fight! By the mid-

1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

Polk wanted all of the Oregon territory, but privately was willing to settle for 49th parallel border

By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

Polk wanted all of the Oregon territory, but privately was willing to settle for 49th parallel border

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846 and they split the land

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846 and they split the land

The Slidell Mission (to The Slidell Mission (to take land from take land from

Mexico): Mexico): Nov., 1845Nov., 1845

The Slidell Mission (to The Slidell Mission (to take land from take land from

Mexico): Mexico): Nov., 1845Nov., 1845Goals-sent by Pres. Polk:

1.Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande as the TX-US border.

2. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5 million

3. US would buy California at any price.

Goals-sent by Pres. Polk:

1.Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande as the TX-US border.

2. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5 million

3. US would buy California at any price.

John Slidell-emissary to Mexico City

John Slidell-emissary to Mexico City

The Mexican War (1846-1848The Mexican War (1846-1848))The Mexican War (1846-1848The Mexican War (1846-1848))

•Congress declared war on May 13, 1846•Lasted longer than expected•Zachary Taylor was the war hero general•Mexico lost most of the battles•Fought in N. Mexico, Mexico and California

General General Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto, Texasat Palo Alto, Texas

General General Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto, Texasat Palo Alto, Texas

“Old Rough and Ready”

“Old Rough and Ready”

The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera Cruz, MexicoVera Cruz, Mexico

The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera Cruz, MexicoVera Cruz, Mexico

General Scott Enters General Scott Enters Mexico CityMexico City

General Scott Enters General Scott Enters Mexico CityMexico City

“Old Fuss and Feathers”

“Old Fuss and Feathers”

Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe-Guadalupe-HidalgoHidalgo, 1848, 1848

Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe-Guadalupe-HidalgoHidalgo, 1848, 1848

Nicholas Trist,American

Negotiator

Nicholas Trist,American

Negotiator

Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande

Mexico ceded to the U. S. California and New Mexico.

U. S. gave Mexico $15 million and agreed to pay Mexico debt to the USA (over $3.5 million).

Mexican residents living there would become US Citizens

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande

Mexico ceded to the U. S. California and New Mexico.

U. S. gave Mexico $15 million and agreed to pay Mexico debt to the USA (over $3.5 million).

Mexican residents living there would become US Citizens

The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?

1. The 17-month war cost $100 million and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

6. Left the Mexican people bitter and forever suspicious of the “gringos” of the USA

1. The 17-month war cost $100 million and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

6. Left the Mexican people bitter and forever suspicious of the “gringos” of the USA

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

Free Soil Free Soil PartyPartyFree Soil Free Soil PartyPartyFree Soil!Free Speech!Free Labor!Free Men!

Free Soil!Free Speech!Free Labor!Free Men!

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

The movement was launched by the Wilmot Proviso- slavery nor African Americans should be allowed in the newly acquired Mexican territory-caused division

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

The movement was launched by the Wilmot Proviso- slavery nor African Americans should be allowed in the newly acquired Mexican territory-caused division

WHY?

WHY?

The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results

The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results

√

GOLDGOLD!! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, CaliforniaCalifornia 1848 1848

GOLDGOLD!! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, CaliforniaCalifornia 1848 1848

John A. Sutter John A. SutterBreak for ATSU video

California California Gold RushGold Rush, , 18491849

California California Gold RushGold Rush, , 18491849

49er’s49er’s

Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s

Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s

1850 California becomes a state- no slavery

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled the Oregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

1850 California becomes a state- no slavery

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled the Oregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853

Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire

Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire

Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860