Unit 7 Day 2 – Evolution + Ecology Name: __________________________________________________Standard: 5.6 Date: _______________________________ Period: ___________

Classification INDEPENDENT PRACTICE1. A scientist studied a specific DNA segment from four different species. The table below shows the base

sequence for each species. Which species is most closely related to Species 2? How do you know?

According to the table to the RIGHT, how many DNA base differences are there between…Species 1 and 3 – Species 2 and 4 – Species 2 and 3 – Species 1 and 4 – Which two species are most closely related?

2. The table below shows the classification of six different plants. Which two plants are most closely related?

3. Cytochrome c is a protein found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic organisms and essential for aerobic cellular respiration. The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c has been mapped in humans and many animals. The number of different amino acids in the sequence in humans and certain animal is show in the table to the RIGHT. Which organism shares the least common ancestry with humans based on the cytochrome c protein?

Which organism shares the most common ancestry with humans based on the cytochrome c protein?

4. The table to the RIGHT shows the relative percentage of genetic similarity of different species with humans based on a sequencing of their DNA. Based on this data, which species is least closely related to humans?

Based on this data, which species is most closely related to humans?

5. Using the phylogenetic tree above, evaluate whether the statements below are true (T) or false (F). If false, change the statement to be true. I. Thermatoga and Thermoproteus are older species than Aquifex.

II. Gram Positives and Planctomyces evolved at the same time.

III. Planctomyces and Methanobacterium lack a common ancestor.

IV. Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria are more closely related to each other than Spirochetes.

V. Planctomyces are most closely related to Bacteroides Cytophaga.

6. According to the phylogenetic tree above, what species is most closely related to Halophiles?

7. Several plants and their scientific names are listed in the table to the RIGHT. Which plants are most closely related?

8. Scientists used DNA sequencing to identify the relatedness of species. The number and location of functional DNA sequences indicate the degree to which the organisms are related. The table below indicates the sequencing of homologous parts of the genomes of several mammals. Different bases are boxed. Which two organisms are least closely related? EXPLAIN WHY:

a. Hedgehog and horseb. Dog and horsec. Mouse and cowd. Mouse and dog

Based on a comparison of DNA bases, which mammal is classified as least closely related to the hedgehog?

Based on a comparison of DNA bases, which mammal is classified as most closely related to the hedgehog?

The table below shows a comparison of the amino acid sequence in the p53 protein from seven different species. The p53 protein is involved with programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and is often linked to tumor formation when mutated. The right column describes the percentages of amino acids within the sequence that are identical to the human sequence.

9. Evaluate whether the statements below are true (T) or false (F). If false, change the statement to be true. I. A rabbit and a Rhesus monkey are more closely related than a dog and a chicken.

II. The fish are more closely related to a human than they are to a chicken.

III. A dog and a fish are more closely related than a dog is to a chicken.

IV. A chicken is more closely related to mammals than to a fish.

10. Scientists use DNA sequences to establish evolutionary relationships. The table to the right shows the DNA sequences from six organisms. The sequences are from the same region in each organism’s DNA. Which two organisms have a DNA sequence that is most closely related? EXPLAIN WHY:

a. Organism 2 & 6b. Organism 3 & 5c. Organism 1 & 4d. Organism 1 & 5

11. According to the cladogram to the left, what

characteristic do domestic cats and lions share that separates them from the other animals?