[Mr. Cho] Saemaul Undong: Development through Community empowerment
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Transcript of [Mr. Cho] Saemaul Undong: Development through Community empowerment
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
Myungsoo ChoSecretary General
2013. 12. 06.
Development through Community empowerment
The Saemaul Undong Center
Saemaul Undong
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20060
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
USD (mil-lions)
< ODA trends for 50yrs >
- total DAC : 1960. 4676 → 2008. 119759 USD million (26times) 2
ODA & Poverty
( OECD.2009)
-Sub-Saharan Africa’s Share of Global Economic Activity (per capita): 1965~2004
Saemaul Undong
3
Saemaul Undong
MDGs evaluation
MDGs 2005
Eradicate extreme poverty and huger ( MDG-1 ) 41
Achieve universal primary education ( MDG-2 ) 60
Promote gender equality and empower women( MDG-3 ) 0.88
Reduce child mortality ( MDG-4 ) 159
Improve maternal health ( MDG-5 ) 900
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases ( MDG-6 ) 5.8
Ensure environmental sustainability ( MDG-7 ) 56
Develop a global partnership for development ( MDG-8 ) 39,005
World Bank, 2008. World Development Indicator Database.
2015(target)
22
100
1
62
230
75
50,000
Outlook
Impossibil-ity
Impossibil-ity
Possibility
Impossibil-ity
Impossibil-ity
Impossibil-ity
Possibility
Impossibil-ity
Saemaul Undong
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Saemaul Undong
Saemaul Undong ◆ 1974 farm household income 〉 Urban household income
The economic planning board (1985)
Urban household in-come
1970 1974
2,500 US $
Farm Household In-come
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
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Economic growth Per capita Income
world Development Indicators database, 2010~2012, World Bank. World Economic Outlook Database-October 2010, IMF.
Sout
h Ko
rea
North
Kor
ea
Congo
Lao
s
Philipp
ines
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
19612010
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Saemaul Undong
Saemaul Undong
▶ Sae : New, Better, Change
▶ Maul : Village, Community
▶ Undong : movement
Movement for new (better)
Community (Village)
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Saemaul Undong
Successful Economic Development (1961~1970) - Rapid industrialization - growing economic disparity between urban area and rural area
Social Background
Urban area Rural area
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Launching of Saemaul Undong Officially announced launching of S.U. : 1970.4.22. Mayors, Governors meeting (Busan)
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< Late President Park >
“Without voluntary initiative of village
people, your community cannot stand
on your own feet. If you have self-re-
liant spirit, you will be able to become
independent with least support from
government.”
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First Initiative of government
Government handed out : 330 packs of cement to every village
Asked village people : select community leaders (man, woman) : discuss and decide what to do, how
Saemaeul UndongSaemaul Undong
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Core spirit
< diligence, self-help, cooperation >
Saemaul Training - All government employees (Central, Local)
- Saemaul Leaders, opinion leaders
Later, leaders of private sector
Saemaeul UndongSaemaul Undong
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Government support
Do not ask what to do Decision making → community
Government just supports - material (cement, iron cores) - technical support - financial support - administrative support
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Saemaul Undong
Projects developed
improve community infrastructure
enhance community economy livestock (cow, pigs, chicken, etc.)
crops yielding high incomeimproving farm-land productivity
new farming machines and appliances
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
Sub-sidy30%
Self-support
20%
Loan50%
14
Project fundingTypical structure
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Saemaul Undong
Change of Mindset & Attitude
“We can do it”
Do not wait until government to come
We can plan, manage, and develop our
community
Community start asking Gov’t to sup-
port
Gov’t focusing on incentive, competi-
tion, expansion
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
• Cement 2100 packs per village, 2.6m/t of ironcores→ annually US $ 2000 per village(71~78)
16
Project - examples
• Village road total 85,851km, 2,601m per village(71~75)
• Cultivators (power tillers) 0.5 per village (70)→ 26(86)
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Saemaul Undong
Project - examples
• Electricity 20%(70) → 98%(77)• High-yielding rice planting 16% (72) → 55% (77) ※ rice 3.34m/t → 4.94m/t • Farm household income US $ 824(70)→2,961(77)
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Saemaul Undong
Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong
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Educa-tion
Change of
Mindset
Com-munity Owner-
ship
Incen-tives
compe-tition
Gov-ern-ment
Support
Success Formula
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Community Empowerment strategy
What to do How to do up to community
Au-
tonom
ous
deci-
sion
mak-
ingShare
finan-
cial
bur-
den
Volun-
tary
Partic-
ipa-
tion
Important factor
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Change of mindset
Can-doSpirit
Dili-genceSelf-help
Coop-eration
Will toFight
Poverty
The most important factor
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Saemaul Undong in Africa & Asia
Laos
Mongol
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Saemaul Undong in Africa & Asia
Uganda Tanzania
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THANK YOU
Global Saemaul Undong