Mozambique Presentation: 06.12.2007 No. 4 · MOZAMBIQUE Mozambique Presentation: 06.12.2007 No. 2...
Transcript of Mozambique Presentation: 06.12.2007 No. 4 · MOZAMBIQUE Mozambique Presentation: 06.12.2007 No. 2...
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MOZAMBIQUE
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Introduction
1. Facts2. History3. Demographics4. Economy
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1. Facts
.mzInternet TLD
Mozambican meticalCurrency
21,397,000 Population
801,590 km²Total area
June 25, 1975Independence fromPortugal
Luísa DiogoPrime Minister
Armando GuebuzaPresident
PortugueseOfficial language
RepublicGovernment
MaputoCapital
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• Location:southeastern Africa - bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest
• Mozambique (Moçambique) was named afterMuça Alebique, a sultan.
• Lower life expectancy because of the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS
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Administration• Divided into ten provincias and one capital city
(cidade) with provincial status. • Provinces subdivided into 129 distritos• Districts further divided in "Postos
Administrativos" (Administrative Posts) • Lowest geographical level of central state
administration: Localidades (Localities). • Since 1998, 33 "Municípios" (Municipalities)
have been created in Mozambique.
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Provinces and districts1. Cabo Delgado2. Gaza3. Inhambane4. Manica5. Maputo (city)6. Maputo7. Nampula8. Niassa9. Sofala10. Tete11. Zambezia
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Politics• Multi-party democracy• Constitution: 1990 • Executive branch comprises a president,
Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers• National Assembly and municipal assemblies• Judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and
provincial, district, and municipal courts • Suffrage is universal at eighteen
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Foreign relationsClose relations:• Scandinavians countries • Italy (key role in the peace process)• Portugal
Memberships:• 1984: Mozambique joined the
World Bank and IMF• Moderate member of the African Bloc in the United Nations• Non-Aligned Movement • African Union• Southern African Development Community• Community of Portuguese Language Countries• Commonwealth of Nations
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2. History
• Original Population: Bantu• Explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498• Colonized by Portugal in 1505
• Struggle for Independence (1962 – 1975)• Civil war until 1992
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Struggle for independence• 1962: Calls for Mozambican independence • Several anti-colonial political groups formed the Front
for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) • September 1964: Armed campaign against
Portuguese colonial rule• 1969: Controlling one-third of the area of Mozambique
by, mostly in the northern and central provinces• 1974: Socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal
overthrew the dictatorship • Portugal affirmed intention to grant independence to
remaining colonies• June 25, 1975: Independence
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Consequences
• FRELIMO established a one-party state • Allied to the Soviet bloc• Elimination of religious schools and the
role of tribal chiefs
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Civil WarPositions:• Government gave shelter and support to South African
and Zimbabwean liberation movements • Governments of Rhodesia and South Africa fostered an
armed rebel movement in central Mozambique called the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)
Background:• Economic collapse • Mass exodus of Portuguese nationals and Mozambicans
of Portuguese heritage• Weak infrastructure • Government nationalization of privately owned industries
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• Successor of president Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano, continued the reforms
• Peace talks with RENAMO • New constitution enacted in 1990 • Multi-party political system • market-based economy • Free elections
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• Civil war ended in October 1992 • Rome General Peace Accords• Brokered by the Community of
Sant´Egidio• Supervision of the ONUMOZ
peacekeeping force of the UN• 1,7 million Refugees• Estimated 4 million internally
displaced persons
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3. Demographics
• Groups: (Macua, Sena, Shoa, Shangaan, Makonde, Yao, Swahili, Tonga, Chopi, Nguni)
• Population:Bantu - 99,66 %
• Official and most widely spoken language: Portuguese• Bantus speak several of their different languages• Indigenous culture based on small-scale agriculture• Art forms: wood sculpture
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4. Economy• Economic reforms (Introduction of New Metical)• Rebounding growth
(resettlement of war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate)
• Inflation• Improving trade imbalance
– Imports remain almost 40% greater than exports, – MOZAL, a large aluminum smelter that commenced
production in mid-2000, has greatly expanded the nation's trade volume.
– Traditional Mozambican exports include cashews, shrimp, fish, copra, sugar, cotton, tea, and citrus fruits.
– Mozambique is less dependent on imports for basic food and manufactured goods because of steady increases in local production.
Thank´s for your attention
Presented byMichael Frohnapfel and
Johannes Ott