Moving on Design - csd.uoc.grhy351/2005/downloads/Lectures/W12... · Moving on Design Design...

Yannis TzitzikasLecture : 12 Date : 22-11-2005

HY351 - Ανάλυση και Σχεδίαση Πληροφοριακών Συστηµάτων

CS351 - Information Systems Analysis and Design

Moving on Design

Design StrategiesLayering and Use of Packages

University of Crete, Fall 2005

U. of Crete, Information Systems Analysis and Design Yannis Tzitzikas, Fall 2005 2

Outline

• The Design Phase (refresher)

• Design Strategies

– Custom Development, Packaged Software, Outsourcing

– Selecting a Design Strategy

• From Analysis to Design

– From Analysis Models to Design Models

– Partitioning the Problem - Layering

– Packages and Package Diagrams

– Packaging and Clustering


Refresher: The Design Phase

• How the system will operate in terms of

– hardware, software and network infrastructure, the UI, forms and reports, databases,

files, etc

• Steps:

– 1. Design Strategy. Developed by company itself or outsourced to another firm, or

buy an existing software package

– 2. Architecture Design: hardware, software and network infrastructure, the UI, forms

and reports, databases, files, etc

– 3. Database and file specifications: define exactly what data will be stored and where

– 4. Program design: programs that need to be written and what each will do.

• Outcome:

– System Specification that is given to the programming team for implementation

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation


Refresher: Design phase and Development Methodologies

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementati

on

System

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

System

Design

Implementation

Design

Implementation

Design

Integration

Planning

Analysis

Implementatio

n

Design

Analysis

system v1

Implementatio

n

Design

Analysis

system v2

Implementatio

n

Design

Analysis

system v3

Planning

Implementation

Design

Analysis

System

prototype

Implementation

system

Planning

Implementation

Design

Analysis

design

prototype

Implementation

system

Analysis

Design


The Design Phase>Design Strategy

• How the system will operate in terms of

– hardware, software and network infrastructure, the UI, forms and reports, databases,

files, etc

• Steps:

– 1. Design Strategy. Developed by company itself or outsourced to another firm, or

buy an existing software package

– 2. Architecture Design: hardware, software and network infrastructure, the UI, forms

and reports, databases, files, etc

– 3. Database and file specifications: define exactly what data will be stored and where

– 4. Program design: programs that need to be written and what each will do.

• Outcome:

– System Specification that is given to the programming team for implementation

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

Design Strategies


Three Main Design Strategies

• Custom Development

Ανάπτυξη κατά παραγγελία

Πακέτο Λογισµικού

Εξωτερική ανάθεση

Building the system from scratch

Buying a packaged software and customizing it

Hiring an external person/company to build the system

• Packaged Software

• Outsourcing


Design StrategiesCustom Development

Custom development means building the system from scratch

Advantages

• Complete control (and freedom) over the functionality of the system

• Extensibility of the system (future needs may be taken into account)

• The skills of the staff improve (beneficial for future projects)

Weaknesses

• Takes time, requires hard work (the staff may be already overcommitted)

• Appropriately skilled staff is needed

• High risk


Design StrategiesPackaged Software

Buying a packaged system and customizing it

(commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software product)

• many business needs are common to a large number of organizations

• there are thousands of commercially available programs

– that support basic and ubiquitous needs (e.g. payrolls, orders, inventory, sales, etc)

• these programs range from small components to complete ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems

– complete ERP systems have taken years and have cost millions of Euros to develop (SAP, PeopleSoft, Oracle, Baan)


Design StrategiesPackaged Software (II)

This decision strategy introduces an additional phase, the

“procurement phase” which is a special decision analysis phase comprising the following steps:

1) Identify products that could fit the needs of the project

– sources: special magazines, journals, Web sites, other organizations with similar

needs

2) solicit, evaluate and rank vendor proposals

3) select and recommend the best of them

4) contract with the awarded vendor to obtain the product

Procurement phase: φάση προµήθειας


Design StrategiesPackaged Software (IΙΙ)

2) solicit, evaluate and rank vendor proposals

Commonly, this step involves preparing an RFQ or an RFP document:

RFQ (Request for Quotations) (αίτηση προσφοράς)

used when you have selected the product but the product is available from various distributions. Objective: negotiate configuration, prices, maintenance contract.

RFP (Request for Proposals) (αίτηση προτάσεων)

used when there are several different vendors and products that are candidate. RFP is a superset of RFQ because the former describes in detail the requirements of the project (it is like the Requirements Specification Document)


Design StrategiesPackaged Software (IV)

Advantages

• It takes a short time to buy and install it (no extra staff is needed)

• Low risk (packaged software has already been written, tested and proved to be effective)

Weaknesses

• Not full control over the functionality of the system (we cannot customize everything)

– sometimes the business processes of the organization have to adapt to the software!

• Extensibility of the system for the future needs of the organization is not ensured

• The skills of your staff do not improve

• The price of the packages software is sometimes high

• The organization depends on the vendor

– maintenance (plus cost of maintenance)

– Risk if the vendor bankrupts


Design StrategiesOutsourcing

Hiring an external person/company to build the system

Types of contracts:

• time and arrangements

– payment based on the time and the expenses

– [-] the bill may climb high

• fixed-price contract

– requirements should be very clear

– [-] usually outsourcers are not willing to accept changes in the requirements

• value-added contract

– the outsourcer will have some share of the benefits from the system

– becomes more and more popular


Design StrategiesOutsourcing (II)

Advantages

• You have the full control over the requirements

• The external party may be more skilled than you

Weaknesses

• Not full control over the internal architecture of the system

• The skills of your staff do not improve

• You may have to share confidential information

• You need a person to manage the outsourcing

• Risk if you haven’t specified well the requirements

– never outsource something you don’t understand

• Risk if the external party fails

Selecting a Design Strategy



Custom Development

Unique business need

Your staff has technical skills

and you want to enhance

them

Loose and flexible deadline

Packaged System

Very common business need

Technical skills are lacking and it

is not strategically important

to build them

Short timeframe with strict

deadline

You want to avoid risk

Outsourcing

The business need is not crucial

for the organization

Technical skills are lacking and

it is not strategically

important to build them

A “good” outsourcer is available

What about your project?



Matrix of Alternatives

Description

Operational feasibility

Technical feasibility

Economic feasibility

Cost

Payback period

ROI

Schedule feasibility

Custom

Development

Packaged

Software

Outsourcing

Plus whatever other

criteria are appropriate

We can use a matrix of alternatives (like the one we used in feasibility analysis)

for organizing the pros and cons of each alternative. We could also employ a

weighting scheme or any other decision theoretic method for selecting the best

strategy for the project at hand

Hereafter we assume that we have selected the custom development design strategy

From Analysis Models to Design Models



Purpose

• The analysis models we have created so far have mainly focused on FRs

• We should now take into account the NFRs too

• In OO: we have to review and refine the models we have created so far

– by adding system environment details

NonFunctional Requirements (NFR)

• Describe behavioral properties of the system, in terms of characteristics of the form:

– performance, usability, security, legislative, privacy

• Describe how well the system should support the functional requirements

• We could also consider them as “constraints” that restrict the ways that we could

use for implementing the FRs



High level

business requirements

described in the system request

Detailed list of more

precise requirements

Functional/Structural/Behavioral

modeling of the system

Requirements

determination

modelingAnalysis

Design

Design Models

Review

Refine,

Account NFRs



High level

business requirements

described in the system request

Detailed list of more

precise requirements

Functional/Structural/Behavioral

modeling of the system

Requirements

determination

modelingAnalysis

Design

Design Models

• Class and Method Design

• Data Management Layer Design

• Human Computer Interaction Design

• Physical Architecture Layer Design


From Analysis to Design Technically, the Design Phase involves:

• Class and Method Design

• Data Management Layer Design

• Human Computer Interaction Design

• Physical Architecture Layer Design

Each of the above topics will be covered in the subsequent lectures

• class specifications (detailed

Class Diagrams)

• Contracts, Method Specifications

• file structure, database

• Use Scenarios, Windows

Navigation Diagrams, Interface

Standards, User Interface

Templates

• Deployment Diagrams,

Hardware/Software

Specifications


One of the oldest questions in software methods

How to break a large system ?

Reasons: if big then hard to understand, extend, update

Analysis Phase:

In the past: Functional Decomposition (used the days where process and data were separated)

today: Use Cases

Design Phase:

Identify layers and packages (packages are sometimes called subsystems)

Packages are vital tools for large projects

Packages are also good for testing (testing in package basis)


Identification of Layers

Foundation Layer

Physical Architecture

Human Computer Interaction

Data Management

Problem Domain What we have seen so far

Persistence of objects

User Interface classes

Communication, software architectures

e.g. fundamental data types (usually

Included with the oo development environment)

layers can be represented using the higher level (UML) concept of PACKAGE

An example set of layers:

• So far we have focused on the problem domain layer (else called conceptual perspective)

• Now we have to add system environment information

• One way to avoid overloading the designer is to use layers

Packages and Package Diagrams

Divida et impera (divide and rule)


Package

A package is a grouping construct that allows us to take any

construct of UML and group its elements into higher-level units.

– It is commonly used to group classes

A package can group

• classes together into higher-level units

• design models, ..

• …….


Package Diagrams

Dependencies:

• Dependencies are not transitive

• A good practice is to remove dependency cycles (at least reduce them)

• The art of large-scale design: minimize dependencies

P2 P1

P2 depends on P1 if a change to P1 requires changing P1

shows packages and dependencies between them


A package diagram (grouping classes)

Order Capture

UI

Order Capture

Application

AWT

Mailing List

UI

Orders Customers

Mailing List

Application


Ways of showing packages on diagrams

java::util::Date

util

package name

Date

util util

Date

package name + contents

java::util

Date

fully qualified

package name

util

Date

java

nested packages


Packages, Visibility and Importing

• We can define the visibility of the elements owned by a package as we defined the visibility of the attributes and operations of a class.

• +: public

• -: private: seen only the elements of the same package

• #: protected: seen only by the elements of the same

package and its children

• To refer to the class of another package you need to use the qualified name of the class (package name::class name)

• import allows using direct names (not qualified ones)

• importing adds the public elements from the target package to the public namespace of the importing package. Notation in UML: <<import>>

“Import” vs “Access”: “Access” is like “import” but you cannot reexport. So it is not transitive (import is transitive)

util

+Date

+Tree

- XYZ

P2 P1<<import>>


More Examples

presentation<<subsystem>>

control<<subsystem>>

entity<<subsystem>>

mediator<<subsystem>>

foundation<<subsystem>>

Cinterface

Minterface

Einterface

Finterface

java

applet

awt

lang

Layers as Packages


Modeling Layers using Packages

HCI

Data

Management

Problem

Domain

Foundation

Physical

ArchitectureFoundation Layer

Physical Architecture

Human Computer Interaction

Data Management

Problem Domain


Packages for Modeling the various Architectural Views

We could view packages to model the views of an architecture

Design ViewImplementation

View

Use Case View

Deployment

ViewInteraction View

Data Storage

Data Access Logic

Application Logic

Presentation Logic

Layer N

Layer N-1

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Packaging Classes


Packaging classes: Motivation

• Classes is the basic means for structuring an object-oriented system.

• But is this structuring enough if we have hundreds of classes ?

Tip: Use packages whenever a class diagram does not fit in an A4 paper

NO TE: The relationsh ips in blue a re generic re la tions hips that are de tailed by spe cific relationsh ips .

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0-N

0-1

Claim-Ma na geme n tAct

1-1

0-N

Cla im-KfkOperation

1-1

0-N

Cla im-In terme dia ry

1 -1

0-1

1 -N

Cla im-Claima nt

1 -1

1-6

Circums tanc eCo lumn-Circums tance

0-1 0-NBuild ing-Ta ke OverPo lic y

0 -1

0-1

Bu ild ing -Storm HailAndHea vySnow

0-1

0-N

Build ing -Sec u ritySys tem

0-1

1 -1

Bu ild ing -PolicyHolder

0 -1

0-1 Bu ild ing -Gene ralFire

1-1

1 -N

Borde rea u-Bordere auLine

1-1

0 -N

Bonus Rec ep tionDe cla ration -Bonus

0 -1 A ss es sme n t-Se ttle me nt

1-1

As se ss men t-Da ma ge dObje ct

1-1

0-N

A irVe hic le -Sea tingCapac ity

1-1

0-N

A irVe h ic le-Loa dCapac ity

1-1 0-NAirVeh icle-Eng ine

1 -1

0-N

AIK Rec ep tionDe clara tion -AIK

0-1

0 -1

Ac countingDocume nt-In term ed iar

0-1

0-1Ac countingDocumen t-In su re r

P

Worke rsCompens ationCon trac t

Workers Compensa tionClaim

WorkersCompe ns ation

Witnes s

Wate rVeh icle

Victim

VERID ASSReg istration

Ve h ic leRe gis tra tionPlate Ho lder

Ve h ic leRe gis tra tionCa rd

Ve hic le Pass engers

Ve hic le

Va lua tion

Tre atingMed icalDoc tor

Trave lIn su ra nc eCon trac t

Tra nspo rtIn s ura nce Con trac t

Trans po rtedGoods

Tra nsfe r

To talTe mpora ryD is ab ility

Tota lLos s

Th irdCom mission

Tem poraryDis ab ility

Telephone

Te chn ic arD ata

Ta x

TariffPre mium

Ta ke OverPo lic y

Suspens ion

Subs crip tion Inde x

Subgua ran tee

Sto rmHa ilA ndHe avySnow

Sta rtInde x

SplitPre miumPaymen tLoad ing

Spe cialCondition

Spac eVe h ic le

Socia lSe cu rityBurea u

Settle men t

Se n io rity

Send ingCompany

Sec uritySys temCe rtific ate

Se cu ritySys tem

Se condRes idenc yA ddre ss

Se condComm is sion

Se atingCapac ity

RSRReg istra tion

RoadVe hic le

Ris kObjec t

Ris kA ddre ss

Re sponse

Res ide n tia lCarava n

Re que stFo rBid

Reques ter

Repres en ta tive

Re p la ce dPo lic y

Repa ire r

Renewa l

Rela tedPo licy

Re late dPa rty

Reg iste redLegalPers on

Refere nce Pre mium

Rece ivingCom pa ny

RealEsta te

Rate

RailVeh ic le

Pro ration

ProportionalPremium

Prope rty

Pro fitSha ring

Profe ss ionSen iority

Priva teMoto ris edRoadVe hicle

Private Build ing

PrimaryOc cupation

Pre v iousPo lic y

Pre viousInsu re r

Pre vious Insu ranc eRe fus al

Pre viousIndex

Prev ious Claim

Pre viousA ddres s

Preven tionMe as u re

Pre miumRetu rnLine

Pre miumRe imburs em en tLine

Prem iumPeriod

Pre mium Notific ation

Pre mium Loa ding

PremiumLine

PremiumInvo ice Rela tedAc tion

Pre miumInvo ic eLine

Pre mium Invo ic e

PremiumDis coun tOrLoad ing

Pre miumDisc oun t

PremiumCanc ellationLine

PremiumA ndCommiss ionRe ve rsib le PremiumLine

Prem ium

Polic yH older

Po lic y

Physica lPe rson

Phys ica lIn ju ry

Pe rsonalLia bilityIns ura nceCon trac t

Pe rma ne ntD is ab ilityCove r

Perma nen tDisa bility

PartyRole

Pa rty

PartialTem pora ryD is ab ility

Pa rityCommittee

Owner

OtherPriva teBu ild ingO the rPolicy

O the rInsu rance Reduction

Oppone n tTh irdPa rty

OldPre mium

OfficialA ddre ss

Office Telephone

O ffence Pending

Notifie r

NonRe g is tere dLe ga lPe rson

NonMoto rise dRoa dVe h ic le

N etPremiumNoninde xed

Ne tPre miumInde xed

N etPrem ium

NCBYe arMinus 3

NCBYea rMinus 2

NCBRefe renc e

N CBPre v iousNCBLevel

N CBAtUnderwriting

NCBA tPrev iousIns ure r

NCBA ctual

MutualHe alth Ins ure r

Moto rThirdPartyLia bility

Moto rTheft

Moto rPa rtialComprehensive

Motoris edRoadVeh icle

Moto rInsu ra nc eCon trac t

Moto rFullComprehensive

MotorFire

MotorCyc le Certifica te

Moto rComprehens ive

Mortgage Loa nFile

MoralDam age

MobileTe le phone

Mis ce lla neousTrans ac tionLine

Me d ic alDoc tor

Ma terialDa mage

Manage men tAc t

Ma ilSec onda ryA ddre ss

Ma ilPrimaryA ddres s

Ma ch ine ry /App lia nc es

Loa dCa pa city

Life Pro fitSha ring

LifeInsu ranc eCon trac t

Le ga lPe rson

Le ga lExpe nse sInsu ranc eCon trac t

Lea singCompany

La stPre mium

La stCommis sion

Land

K fkRe que stForRe fund

KfkOpera tion

KfkDeb itOrCred itStatem en t

JobCate go rySe n io rity

Inte rven ingAutho rity

In terme d ia ry

Ins u rer

In su re dVa lue Bas edDe duc tib le

Ins u redPers on

Insu red

Insu ra nc eProvider

Indiv idua lIn s ura nceCon trac t

Index

Inde mnifica tion

Ide n tityCard

H un tingLice nc e

Hun ting

H os p ita l

Home Telephone

H olidayPayBure au

Hea dOffic eA ddre ss

H au lageTra ile r

Gua ran tee

GroupIns u rance Con tra ct

Group

Gros sPrem ium

Gre enCa rd

Gene ralLife

Gene ralFire

Genera lCond itionsWord ing

Genera lCond ition

Genera lCiv ilLiab ility

Ga rage

Fu tu reA ddre ss

Flee t

Firs tPre mium

Firs tCom miss ion

Firs tAidSupp lie r

FireInsu ra nc eCon trac t

Financ ia lTra nsa ctionLine

Financia lD ama ge

Financ eCompany

File Adminis trato r

Fide lityBonus

Fee

Fax

Fa milyA llowa nc eBurea u

Fac tualGroup

Exte rna lRole

Ex tension

Expe nse

Eve ntA ddre ss

Europe anA cc ide ntNo tifica tionForm

Eng ine

EndInde x

Employe eBe nefitsCon trac t

e Mail

D welling

D riv ingLice nc eW ithd raw al

DrivingLic ence

D river

Docume n tExchangeDe tails

Doc ume n t

Disa bility

D ire ctPayme n t

D educ tible

D ec la ration

De ce as ePro fitSharing

Da taEn tryO pe rato r

D ama gedObject

Dam ageA mountBa se dD eductib le

Dam age

DailyA llowa nce

Curre n tAc countLine

Curren tAc coun t

Cred itor

Cove rNo te

CoverLimit

Cover

Couple

Cos t/Cha rge

CoPo lic yH older

Conv iction

Con trac tDocume nt

Con trac tChange

Con trac t

Con ten ts

Cond ition

Com pa nySe nio rity

Communic ationCha nne l

Com monLaw

Commis sionLine

Commiss ion

Com merc ialMoto rise dRoa dVe h ic le

Comme rcia lLoss

Comme rcia lIn s ura nc eCon trac t

Com merc ialDisc oun t

Comm erc ia lBuilding

Co lle ction

Co insu rer

Clause

ClaimLine

Claima nt

Claim

Civ ilLiab ilityHorse sA ndCa rriages

Circ um sta nc eCo lum n

Circums tance

Ce rtify ingMe dic alDocto r

Carava n

Cap ital

Ca nc ellation

Ca lc u la tion

Burg la ry /The ft

Bu ild ing

BranchSen io rity

BranchOffice Addres s

Borde rea uTo ta lLine

Borde rea uLine

Borde rea u

Bonus Rec ep tionDe clara tion

Bonus

BillingA ddre ss

Bid /Offe r

Bic yc le

Be neficia ry

Bas ePremium

A ss es so r

Annu lme nt

A nnualPrem iumN onInde xe d

Annua lPre miumInde xed

Annua lPre mium

A nnualIndemnification

Am endmen t

A irVe h ic le

Advan tage InKindRec ep tionDe clara tion

A dva nta geInKind

Addres s

AddO nIns ure r

A dd itiona lO cc upation

Add itiona lAc tiv ity

A ctua lIn s ure rOf

A ctualIndex

Ac tivityExec utionAddres s

A ction

Acqu isitionCommiss ion

Acc oun tingD oc umen tLine

Ac coun tingDocume nt

A cc iden ts Since Adjustme nt

Overv iew /Conc ep tua l


Packaging classes: Properties

Some properties :

• a class can be member of a single package

• a class should have a unique name within the package

• a package can contain both classes and packages

So we can define an hierarchic structure

Notes:

• UML packages correspond to packages in Java)


Packaging Classes

The packaging of classes can be done according to several different criteria, e.g.:

• by authorship (who wrote what)

• by functional relationship (e.g. Storage Manager, UI, MVC, …)

• by architectural tier, e.g. we could distinguish the following types of classes:

Data Storage

Data Access Logic

Application Logic

Presentation Logic

Other distinction:

•persistent database classes

•entity classes: those that will reside in the

main memory

•boundary classes (interfaces)

•control classes: specify business logic function

Package Diagram of Appointment System

Data Storage

Data Access Logic

Application Logic

Presentation Logic


Which classes to put in which packages ?

Two general principles:

• Common Closure Principle

– the classes in a package should need changing for similar reasons

• Common Reuse Principle

– the classes in a package should all be reused together (semantically close)

These principles drive us to the notion of cohesion


Packaging classes: Hints and Tips

A well structured package

• is cohesive (providing a crispy boundary around a set of related elements)

• is loosely coupled (exporting only those elements other packages really need to see and importing only those elements necessary and sufficient for the elements in the package)

• is not deeply nested (human understanding is limited)

Cohesion =συνεκτικότητα/συνοχή, Cohesive = συνεκτικό

coupling = σύζευξη, loosely coupled = χαλαρά ζευγµένα

Packaging relates to clustering


Clustering

• Clustering is the process of grouping similar objects into naturally associated subclasses.

• This process results in a set of “clusters” which somehow describe the underlying objects at a more abstract or approximate level.

• The process of clustering is typically based on a “similarity measure” which allows the objects to be classified into separate natural groupings.

• A cluster is then simply a collection of objects that are grouped togetherbecause they collectively have a strong internal similarity based on such a measure.

• A similarity measure (or dissimilarity measure) quantifies the conceptual distance between two objects, that is, how alike or disalike a pair of objects are.

– Determining exactly what type of similarity measure to use is typically a domain

dependent problem.


Clustering

• Clustering is used in areas such as:

– medicine, anthropology, economics, soil analysis, data mining

– software engineering (reverse engineering, program comprehension, software

maintenance)

– information retrieval

• In general, any field of endeavor that necessitates the analysis and comprehension of large amounts of data may use clustering.

A clustering of a set N is a partition of N, i.e. a set C1,…, Ck of subsets of N, such that:

C1 ∪… ∪ Ck = N and Ci ∩ Cj =∅, for all i≠j.

Packaging relates to graph clustering


Graph Clustering

• Graph clustering deals with the problem of clustering a graph

– grouping similar nodes of a graph into a set of subgraphs


Quality criteria for graph clustering methods

Graph clustering methods should produce clusters with

high cohesion and low coupling

• high cohesion:

– there should be many internal edges

• low “cut size”:

– The cut size (else called external cost) of a clustering measures how many edges are

external to all sub-graphs, that is, how many edges cross cluster boundaries.

• Uniformity of cluster size is also often desirable.

– A uniform graph clustering is where |Ci| is close to |Cj| for all i,j in {1..k}


Example

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

� �

�

Cut size =2

1

2

3

4

5 6 7

89

Cut size =4 ��

�


Quality Measures for Graph Clustering

• There are several. One well known is the CC measure (Coupling-Cohesion measure)

||

||||

E

EECC

exin−

=

• Ein: the “internal” edges: those that connect nodes of the same cluster

• Eex: the “external” edges: those that cross cluster boundaries

• maximum value of CC: 1

– when all edges are internal

• minimum value of CC: -1

– when all edges are external


Example

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

� �

�

Cut size =2

1

2

3

4

5 6 7

89

Cut size =4 ��

� 2.010

46=

−=CC

6.010

28=

−=CC


Hierarchical Graph Clustering

• The clusters of the graph can be clustered themselves to form a higher level clustering, and so on.

• A hierarchical clustering is a collection of clusters where any two clusters are either disjoint or nested.

�

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

�

�

�

�

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

� �

�


Hierarchical Clustered Graph

A Hierarchical Clustered Graph (HCG) is a pair (G,T) where

G is the underlying graph, and

T is a rooted tree such that the leaves of T are the nodes of G.

(the tree T represents an inclusion relationship: the leaves of T are nodes of G, the internal

nodes of T represent a set of graph nodes, i.e. a cluster)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

� �

�

�

�

1

23

4

5 6 7

8

9

A B C

D

EHCG


Implied Edges

Implied edges: edges between the internal nodes.

Two clusters are connected iff the nodes that they contain are related.

Multiple implied edges (between the same pair of clusters) can be ignored or summed up to form weighted implied edges. Thresholding can applied in order to filter out some implied edges

1

23

4

5 6 7

8

9

A B C

D

E

A Hierarchical Compound Graph is a triad (G,T, I)

where (G,T) is a hierarchical clustered graph (HCG), and I the set of implied edges set.


Packages and Graph Clustering

Which is the graph G=(N,E) in our case?

• N: classes

• E: various dependency relationships

– structural, e.g. associations

– behavioral, e.g. the edges of communication diagrams

– “semantical” (similarity of use/purpose: hard to infer automatically]

Which is the hierarchical compound graph (G,T, I) in our case?

• G (as before)

• T

– leaves of T: nodes of N (i.e. classes)

– internal nodes above leaves: packages

– internal nodes of higher level: packages of packages

• I : the implied edges in our case are the dependency relationships between

the packages


Packaging and Clustering: Homework

• Assume we have an implemented system whose classes are not packaged.

• How could you partition them to packages?


Algorithms for Graph Clustering

• Node similarity-based algorithms

• Kernighan-Li and variant algorithms

• Graph growing algorithms

• Spectral σ-section algorithms

• Multilevel partitioning algorithms

• ...


Summary

• Alternative strategies to design and create the new system: Custom building, packaged

software, outsourcing

• The object-oriented approach to analysis and design is based on use-case modeling, is

architecture centric, and supports functional, static and dynamic views of the system.

• When evolving analysis into design models, it is important to review the analysis models

then add system environment information.

• Packages and package diagrams help provide structure and less complex views of the

new system.

– Set the context

– Cluster classes together based on shared relationships

– Model clustered classes as a package

– Identify dependency relationships among packages

– Place dependency relationships between packages


Reading and References

• UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language (3rd Edition)

by Martin Fowler, Addison Wesley, 2004.

• The Unified Modeling Language User Guide (2nd edition) by G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, I.

Jacobson, Addison Wesley, 2004

• Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0 (2nd edition) by A. Dennis, B. Haley Wixom, D.

Tegarden, Wiley, 2005. CHAPTER 9

• System Analysis and Design Methods (6th edition) by Jeffrey L. Whitten, Lonnie D.

Bentley and Kevin Dittman, McGraw-Hill, 2004, Chapter 12

How to break a large system ?if big then hard to understand, extend, update

How to break an existing system in order to understand it?A relevant method is presented next.

How to Tame a Very Large ER Diagram(using Link Analysis and Force-Directed Placement Algorithms)

Yannis Tzitzikas1 and Jean-Luc Hainaut2

1University of Crete & FORTH-ICS

2University of Namur (F.U.N.D.P.), Belgium

24th Intern. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, ER’2005, Klagenfurt, Austria, Oct. 2005


How to Tame a Very Large ER Diagram


Very small excerpt of a

schema (DICO1) with

456 entity and

812 relationship types


Conceptual Diagrams

• They are useful and widely used in

– Requirements Engineering

– Reverse Engineering

– Knowledge Representation

• Examples

– ER diagrams

– UML class diagrams

– SWeb ontologies

– ...


But why we use them ?

They aid communication• customers vs analysts

• analysts vs domain experts

• analysts vs designers

• designers vs designers

• designers vs developers

• designers vs end users

• ...









• ...

create table Component (

C_P_ID_Par char(10) not null,

ID_Par char(10) not null,

Quantity char(1) not null,

constraint ID_Component primary key (C_P_ID_Par, ID_Par));

create table Deparment (

ID_Dep char(10) not null,

DepId char(1) not null,

DepName char(1) not null,

Address char(1) not null,

constraint ID primary key (ID_Dep));

create table Dependent (

FirstName char(1) not null,

LastName char(1) not null,

YearOfBirth char(1) not null,

Supporter char(10) not null);

create table Employee (

ID_Emp char(10) not null,

EmpId char(1) not null,

FirstName char(1) not null,

LastName char(1) not null,

MiddleName char(1) not null,

YearOfBirth char(1) not null,

Salary char(1) not null,

ID_Dep char(10),

constraint ID primary key (ID_Emp));

create table Part (

ID_Par char(10) not null,

PartNo char(1) not null,

PartDescription char(1) not null,

QuantityOnHand char(1) not null,

constraint ID primary key (ID_Par));

-- Constraints Section

-- ___________________

alter table Component add constraint FKconsistsOfforeign key (ID_Par)references Part;

alter table Component add constraint FKCom_Parforeign key (C_P_ID_Par)references Part;

alter table Dependent add constraint FKEmp_Depforeign key (Supporter)

references Employee;alter table Employee add constraint FKDept_Emp

foreign key (ID_Dep)references Deparment;

alter table Project add constraint FKProj_Managerforeign key (ID_Emp)references Employee;

alter table Proj_Work add constraint FKPro_Proforeign key (ID_Pro)

references Project;alter table Proj_Work add constraint FKPro_Emp

foreign key (ID_Emp)references Employee;

alter table Supp_Part add constraint FKSup_Sup_1

foreign key (ID_Sup)references Supplier;

alter table Supp_Part add constraint FKSup_Par_1foreign key (ID_Par)references Part;

alter table Supp_Part_Proj add constraint FKSup_Supforeign key (ID_Sup)references Supplier;

alter table Supp_Part_Proj add constraint FKSup_Proforeign key (ID_Pro)

references Project;alter table Supp_Part_Proj add constraint FKSup_Par

foreign key (ID_Par)references Part;

create table Project (ID_Pro char(10) not null,ProjId char(1) not null,Title char(1) not null,ID_Emp char(10),

constraint ID primary key (ID_Pro));create table Proj_Work (

ID_Emp char(10) not null,ID_Pro char(10) not null,timePercentage char(1) not null,

constraint ID_Proj_Work primary key (ID_Pro, ID_Emp));

create table Supplier (

ID_Sup char(10) not null,SupId char(1) not null,Name char(1) not null,Status char(1) not null,Address char(1) not null,

constraint ID primary key (ID_Sup));create table Supp_Part (

ID_Par char(10) not null,ID_Sup char(10) not null,

constraint ID_Supp_Part primary key (ID_Par, ID_Sup));

create table Supp_Part_Proj (

ID_Par char(10) not null,ID_Pro char(10) not null,ID_Sup char(10) not null,Quantity char(1) not null,constraint ID_Supp_Part_Proj primary key

(ID_Par, ID_Sup, ID_Pro));









• ...

A picture is worth a thousands of words


However, their usefulness degrades rapidly as they grow in size

Very small excerpt of a

schema (DICO1) with

456 entity and

812 relationship types

A conceptual diagram with thousands of elements

does not worth a lot.

(unless it has a

a regular form)

Big schemas become more and

more frequent

– SAP database consists of

about 30.000 tables

– Semantic Web applications

– Reverse engineering


The objective:

E.g. generation of more abstract or focused views

ConfiguredComputer

configuredPrice : float

StandardComputer

standardPrice : float

ConfigurationItem

itemType : StringitemDescr : String

Customer

customerName : StringcustomerAddress : StringphoneNumber : StringemailAddress : String

Payment

paymentMethod : StringdateReceived : DateamountReceived : float

Invoice

invoiceNumber : StringinvoiceDate : DateinvoiceTotal : float

Computer

computerName : String

1..n 1..n

Order

orderNumber : StringorderDate : DateshipAddress : StringorderTotal : floatorderStatus : StringsalespersonName : String

0..n

1..1

0..n

1..1

1..1

1..1

1..1

1..1

1..1

0..1

1..1

0..1

1..n 0..n1..n 0..n

Device techniques

to aid the understanding and the visualization

of large conceptual diagrams


Existing Solutions for Managing Large Diagrams (1/3)[1] ER Clustering

– The classical methods require human input

• [Felldman&Miller’86,Teory et al.’89, Gandhi et al.94, Campbell et al.’96]

– Automatic methods not tested in large ER diagrams

• [Akoka&Comyn-Wattiau’96, Raugh&Stickel’92]


Existing Solutions for Managing Large Diagrams (2/3)[2] Graph Drawing and Abstraction

– Automatically generated layouts are not satisfying

• Most (if not all) of the layouts are still created manually

– Hierarchical decomposition techniques that are used for visualizing big plain graphs have not been applied or tested on conceptual diagrams


Existing Solutions for Managing Large Diagrams (3/3)[3] Visualization methods

– Not very helpful for our problem

• Hyperbolic trees: appropriate only for trees

• FishEye View: not really helpful and computationally hard


The Idea

Try to rank the elements of the diagram

according to their “importance”


Why ranking can be useful?

• Gradual visualization (understanding): from the most important to the less

– Provision of top-k diagrams for successive values of k

top-1 top-3 top-5 top-8 Real diagram

• Other applications: Keyword searching, ...


Remark: Web Searching is an Analogous problem

• The Web graph is a very big graph too.

• Link Analysis has been proved very successful in Web searching

(and recently in many other domains)

– Main techniques: PageRank, HITS.

• Idea: Define a PageRank-like scoring scheme for ER diagrams


Applying PageRank on ER diagrams

Differences with the Web

• Directed links

• Binary links

• ignore self hyperlinks

Person CitylivesIn

fatherOf

Person should be ranked higher than City

• Undirected relationships

• n-ary relationships

• cyclic relationships are important

Web ER


Viewing an ER diagram as a Markov chain

• Entity type => state

• Binary relationship type => two counterpoising transitions

– An n-ary relationship type is first replaced by n(n-1)/2 binary relationship types

a

b

c

e

d

a

b

c

e

d


Towards defining EntityRank

Deriving the Probability Transition Matrix M

01100

12100

11012

00100

00200

e

d

c

b

a

edcba

A: Adjacency matrix

02/12/100

4/14/24/100

5/15/105/15/2

00100

00100

e

d

c

b

a

edcba

M: transition matrix

By normalizing each

row of A to sum to 1

a

b

c

e

d

1

2/5

1/5

1/5

1/4

1/2

2/5

1/41/5

1/2

1

a

b

c

e

d


What about ISA Hierarchies ?

• We could view an ISA link as transitions (one way or two-way).

• Our approach

– We ignore them, but

– We have an optional preprocessing step where we collapse each ISA hierarchy into one node (the root(s) of the hierarchy)

• that collects all attributes and relationship types


EntityRank

• Suppose a random E-R surfer who at each time step is at some entity type e and then:

– with probability q (e.g. q=0.15) jumps to a randomly picked entity type, and

– with probability (1-q) jumps to an entity type that is connected with the e

• EntityRank score := stationary probability

• This process defines a Markov chain with transition matrix:

– q • U + (1-q) • M

– where U[ei,ej]=1/N for all i,j, where N the number of entity types

– As the transition graph is strongly connected and non-bipartite, the fundamental

theorem of Markov chains apply.

– The score matrix is the principal right eigenvector of the following transition matrix:

(q • U + (1-q) • M)T


EntityRank (II)

• The matrix equation gives the following equation for each entitytype e:

∑∈

−+=)(' |)'(|

)'()1()(

econne econn

eScq

N

qeSc

conn(e): bag (duplicates allowed) with all entities types that are connected with e


B(iased)EntityRank

• The probability of jumping to a random etype is not the same for all, but it depends on the number of its attributes.

• This process defines a Markov chain with transition matrix:

– q • B + (1-q) • M where|attributes all|

|)(|],[B

j

ji

eattrsee =

∑∈

−+=)(' |)'(|

)'()1(

|allattrs|

|)(|)(

econne econn

eScq

eattrsqeSc

• BEntityRank is a well founded method for incorporating external

domain knowledge, and preferences:

– Number of tuples in the associated database tables

– Application programs’ calls

– User feedback while interacting with top-k diagrams


Evaluating Ranking Methods for Conceptual Diagrams

Evaluation is difficult.

The most safe evaluation is to test it on well known schemas

Kinds of Evaluation

• Empirical

• Formal (TREC/INEX-like)


Empirical Evaluation of Ranking Methods for Conceptual Diagrams

Typical Distribution of Scores

Large ER diagrams tend to have a well-connected kernelZiph’s Law


Emp. Evaluation on DICO1

Top-3 diagram of

0-N

0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

remplace

0-1

est remplace

0-1 Remplacement

0-N

0-N

POSITIONS/ACTIVITE/MOIS0-N

0-N

PAYS ENSEIGNE LANGUE

0-N

1-1description

0-1

dι crire

0-N

Notice

0-N

0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N

0-N

FRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays d'origine

0-N

pays destination

0-N

FRAIS DE DOUANE

Cadeau associι

0-N

0-N

EARLY BIRD

article vpc ensemble

0-Narticle vpc piθce

0-N

dι composition d'un ensemble

0-N

0-N

calcul goulotte

0-N

0-N

calcul canal

0-N

0-N

ALIMENTER

SECTEUR ACTIVITE

PAYS

ARTICLE VPC


Top-5 diagram of

0-N

1-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N

0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

remplace

0-1

est remplace

0-1

Remplacement

0-N

0-N

POSITIONS/ACTIVITE/MOIS

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N0-NPAYS ENSEIGNE LANGUE

0-N

1-1description

0-1 dι crire

0-N

Notice

0-N

0-NMouvement de stock

0-N 0-N

FRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays d'origine0-N

pays destination

0-N

FRAIS DE DOUANE

Cadeau associι

0-N

0-N

0-N

EARLY BIRD


0-Narticle vpc piθce

0-N


0-N

0-N

cumul mouvement systeme mesure

0-N

1-1

cn/pay

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul goulotte

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul canal

0-N

0-N0-N

ALIMENTER

SECTEUR ACTIVITEPAYS

ETAT D'AVANCEMENT (LIGNE OU CO

CANAL

ARTICLE VPC


Top-11 diagram of

0-N

0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N

SUIVI LIVRAISON COLIS

0-N

0-N

SUIVI DES TOPS CLIENT

0-N

0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

0-N

0-N

0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N

STAT FOURNISSEUR MENSUELLES

0-N

0-N

simulation prix de vente

0-N

0-N

rι expι dition colis

est remplace

0-1 remplace

0-1

Remplacement

date dι but de validitι

0-N

date de fin de validitι

0-N

0-N

remise fin annι e fournisseur

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondι ration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N

1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N

0-N

0-N


0-N

1-1

pays du fournisseur

0-N

1-1

pays de la devise

0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine

dι crire

0-N

description

0-11-1

0-N

0-N

Notice

0-N

0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N0-N

Date de depot

1-1LOT

1-10-NLIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N0-NFRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-N

pays d'origine

0-NFRAIS DE DOUANE

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/pays

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N

0-N

FORMULE PAR PAYS/LANGUE

0-N

0-N

0-N

Cadeau associι

0-N EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-Narticle vpc ensemble

0-N


0-N

0-N

dte/pay

1-1

0-N

Document par langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-10-N

cn/suicol

1-1

0-N

cn/pay

1-1

0-N

cd/suicol

0-1

0-N

cd/eta

1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul goulotte0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul canal

1-1 0-Natvsec/cd

0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

1-N

artref/douref

1-N

0-N

artref/atvsec

0-N

1-1

artref/artvpc0-N

0-N

0-N

0-N

ALIMENTER

1-1

0-N

achfrn/lan

SECTEUR ACTIVITE

REFERENCE ARTICLE

PAYS

LANGUE

FOURNISSEUR


DATE

COMMANDE

COLIS

CANAL

ARTICLE VPC


Emp. Evaluation on the TELEBIB schema

NO TE: Th e re latio ns hip s in blu e are g eneric relat ion shi ps t ha t are de taile d b y s peci fic relat ion sh ips.

0-1

0-N

Wo rk ersCo mp ensa tio nClaim-Polic yHo ld er

1-1

0-NWorkers Co mp en satio nCla im-N ot ifier

1-1

0-N

Wat erVeh icle-Sea tin gCap acit y

1-1

0 -NWaterVehi cle-Loa dCap acit y

1-1

0-NWat erVe hicle -Eng ine

1-1

0-N

Victim-Pro fes sion Se nio rit y

1-1

0 -1

Vict im-Mut ua lHealt hIns urer

1 -1

0-N

Vict im-Job Ca teg orySen iority

1-1

0-N

Victim-Co mpa ny Sen io rit y

1-1

0-N

Vict im-Branc hSeni ority

1-1

0 -N

Vict im-Bon usRec ept ion Decl arat i

0 -N

1-1

Vic tim-AIKRece pt ion Decla rat ion

1-10-1

Vict im-A ct ualIns urer

1-1

0 -N

Victim-A cti vit yExe cut ion A dd res

1-1

0-1VERIDA SSReg istratio n-Req uest er

0-1

0-N

Vehic le-Trans po rt edGo od s

0-1

0-N

Ve hicl e-Secu rit ySyst em

1-1 0-1Veh icle-Regis tratio nPlat eHo lde

1-1

0-1

Veh icle-Mo to rTPL

1-1

0-1

Veh icle-Mo to rTh eft

1 -10-1Veh icle-Mot orPa rt ialComprehen siv e

1-1

0-1

Ve hicle -Mo to rFul lComp reh en siv e

1-1

0 -1

Veh icle-Mo to rFire

1-1 0-1Veh icle-Lea sing Compan y

1 -1

0-N

To talLo ss-Req u estForBid

0-1

0-N

Sub gu arant ee-Co v er

1-1

0-N

Sp ecialCo nd iti on -Clau se

0-1

0 -NSett lemen t-Party

0-1

0-N

Sett lemen t-Guaran tee

0-1

0-N

Sett lemen t-Cov er

0-1

1-1 Risk Obje ct-Previo u sIn surer

1-1

0-N

Req ue stForBid-Bid/ Offer

0-1

0-NRe late dPart y-Rate

1-10-1 Rel ated Pa rty -O fficialA dd re ss

1-1

0-N

Re late dPart y-OfficeTele ph on e

1-1

0-N

Rel ated Pa rt y-M ob ileTele ph on e

1-1

0-N

Rel ated Pa rt y-H omeTelep ho ne

1 -1

0 -N

Relate dPart y-Fax

1-1

0-N Re lated Part y-Exte rn alRole

1-1

0-N

Rel ated Pa rty -e Mail

1-1

0-N Reg Leg Pe rso n-Party Role

1-1

0-1

Re gLegPers-Soci alSec urity Burea1-1

0-1

RegLeg Pers-Parity Committ ee

1-1

0-1

Re gLegPers-Ho lid ayPay Bureau

1-1

0-1

Reg Leg Pe rs-FamilyA llo wan ceBu reau

1-1

0-1Pro perty -Risk Ad dress

0-1

1 -1

Professio n -A ctiv ity Exec tu tio nA dd re ss

1-1 0-NPriva teVeh icle/ Tru ck-D riv er

1-1

0-N

PreNot -Ren ewa lPremiu mPerio d

1-1

0-N

PreNo t-Proratio nPre miumPeriod

0-N

0-1

0-N

PremiumNot ific atio n-PIRelat edA

1-1

0-1

Premiu mLine-Po licy Ho lder

1 -1

0-1

Premiu m-Tax

1-1

0-1

Premium-Sub scri pt ion In dex

1-1

0-1

Premiu m-Sp litPayment Lo ad ing

1-1

0-1

Pre mium-Prev iou sInd ex

1-1

0-1Premium-Ot herIn suran ceRed uct io

1-1

0-1

Premiu m-Fid elit yBo nu s

1-1

0-1

Premi um-Commerc ialDisc ou nt

1-1

0-1

Pre mium-A ctu alInd ex

1-1

0-N

Po licy Ho lder-RSRRe gist ra tio n

0-N

0-1

0-N

Policy Ho lde r-Pre vio us Po licy

0-N

0-1

Pol icyH old er-Previ ou sClaim

0 -1

0 -N

Poli cyH old er-PrevIns Re fu sal

0-N

1-1

Po licyH old er-Prev ent ion Mea sure

0-1

0-N

Po licy Ho lder-O ffence Pen din g

0-1

0-N

Pol icyH old er-NCBLe vel

0-1

0-N

Po licy Ho lder-Co nv ict ion

0-1

0-1

Policy Ho lde r-Bill ing Ad dress

0-1

0 -N

Polic yHo ld er-Acc iden ts Sin ceA dju stment

1-1

0-N

Phy sica lPerson -Party Ro le

1-1

0-N

Phy sica lIn jury-Treat ing Med ical

1-1

0-N

Ph ys icalIn ju ry -Ho sp ital

1-1

0-N

Ph ys icalInju ry -First A idSup plie

1-1

0-N

Phy sicalInj ury-Disab ility

1-1

0-N

Phy sicalInju ry -Certifyi ng Med ic

1-1

0-1

Part y-Previo us Ad dress

1-1

0-1

Pa rty -O fficialA dd re ss

1 -1

0-N

Party -Offic eTelep ho ne

1-1

0 -N

Party -M ob ileTelep ho ne

1-1

0-1

Party -M ailPrimaryA d dress

1 -1

0-N

Pa rt y-HomeTelep ho ne

1 -1

0-N

Part y-Fax

1 -1

0-N

Part y-eMail

1-10 -N Op po ne nt Th irdPart y-Circu mst anc eColu mn

1 -1

0 -N N on RegLeg Person -Party Role

1 -1

0-1

M oto ri sedRo ad Ve hicl e-Veh iclePasse ng er

1 -1

0 -N

Mo to rise dRo adVeh icle-Tech nica rDa ta

1-1

0-1

M ot orised Road Vehic le-Seat ing Capa city

1-1

0-1

M ot orised Ro ad Vehic le-Load Cap acit y

1-1

0-N

Mo to ris edRo adVe hicle -Hau lag eTra iler

1-1

0-1

Mo to ri sedRo ad Ve hicle -Eng ine

1-1

0 -N

Mo to rised Roa dVeh icle-Carav an

1-1

0-N

M ot orIn suranc eCon tract-VERIDA S

1-1 Mat erialOb ject -Ow ner

1-1 Mat eri alOb ject-Fi nan ceCo mpa ny

1-1

0 -1M aterialDa mag e-Rep airer

1-1

0-1

M aterialDa mag e-Da mag edO bjec t

1-1

0-NMa terialDamage -A ssess or

1-1

0-N

LifeIn sCon tract -Referen cePremium

1-1

0-N

LifeInsCo nt rac t-LifeProfitSha rin g

1-1

0 -N

LifeIns Co nt ra ct-Las tPremiu m

1-1

0-N

LifeIn sCon tract -First Premiu m

1-1

0-N

LifeInsCo nt ract -D eceas eProfitSharin g

1 -1

0-1

Lega lPerso n-Head OfficeA dd re ss

1-1

0-1 Le galPerson -Branc hOffice Ad dres

1-1

1-1

KfkOp erat io n-Sen din gCo mp any

1-1

1-1

K fkOp eratio n-Receiv in gCo mpa ny

1-1

0-N

In suredPerson -Primary Occu pa tio n0 -1

0-1

Ins uredPers on -Permanen tD isab il

1-1

0-1

Insu red Perso n-Gene ralLife

1 -1

0-N

Ins ure dPers on -A dd itio na lOccu pa tio n1-1

0-N

In suredPerson -A dd iti on alA ctiv itie s

1-1

0-N

In su red -Circumsta nceCo lumn

1-1

0 -N

Ins ura nce Prov ider-FileA dminis t

1-1

Inc iden t-Witn ess

1-1

In ciden t-Op po ne ntTh ird Part y

1-1

Inc iden t-In terve nin gA ut ho rit y

1-1 Inc iden t-Ev en tA dd res s

1-1

0-N

H un tin g-Hu nt ing Lic ence

1 -10-N Gu aran tee -Sub gu ara nt ee

1-1

0-N

Gu aran te e-Spec ialCon d itio n

1 -1

0-1

Guarant ee-Prop ortio na lPremiu m

1 -1

0-1

Gu ara nt ee-O ldPremium

1-1

0 -1

Guaran tee-Net Premiu mNo nInd exed

1-1

0-1

Guarant ee-Net Premiu mIn de xe d

1-1

0-N

Gu ara nt ee-Ins Va lBased Ded uct ibl e

1-1

0 -1

Guaran tee-Gro ssPremi um

1-10-N

Gu aran te e-Gen era lCon dit ion

1 -1

0-N

Guarant ee-Exte nsio n

1-1

0 -1

Gu aran te e-Da mA mBased Ded uct ib le

1-1

0-N

Guaran tee-Daily A llow ance

0-1

0-N

Gu ara nt ee-Co ve r

1-1

0-N

Gu arant ee-Co st /Cha rg e

1-1

0-N

Gu aran tee -Co mmiss ion

1-1

0-N

Guaran tee-Capit al

1 -1

0-1

Gu arant ee-BasePremi um

1-1

0-1

Gu aran te e-A nn ua lPremiu mNo nInd e

1-1

0-1

Gua ran tee-A nn ualPre miumIn dexed

1-1

0-N

Gua ran tee -A nn ualInd emn ificatio n

1 -1

0-NGene ralLife -Ben efici ary

1-1

0-N

Gen era lCon dit ion -Clau se

0 -1

1-N

Fle et-Vehic le

1-1

0 -N

Factu alGro u p-Party Role

1-1

1-2

EAN Fo rm-Circu mst an ceColu mn

0-10-N Drive r-Previo us Cl aim

0-1

0 -N

D riv er-NCBLe vel

1-1

0-N

D riv er-Driv in gLicen ceWith drawa

1 -1

0-1

Driver-D riv ing Lic enc e

0-1

0-N

D riv er-Ac cide nt sSin ceA dju st men t

1-1

0 -N

Do cu men t-D ocu men tExcha ng eDet ails

1-10-N D eclarati on -Resp on se

0-1

0-ND amag edO bje ct-Va luat io n

0-1

1-1

D amag e-Gu ara nt ee

1-1

0-N

Cu rA cc-Premiu mRetu rn Li ne

1-1

0-N

Cu rA cc-Premiu mReimb ursement Lin e

1 -1

0 -N

CurAcc -Premiu mInv oic eLin e

1 -1

0-N

CurA cc-PremiumCance llatio n Lin e

1-1

0 -N

Cu rA cc-Misc ellTran sLine

1 -1

0-N

Cu rA cc-Fin Tran sLine

1-1

0-N

CurA cc-Co mmis sion Li ne

1-1

0-N

Cu rA cc-ClaimLin e

1-10-N CurAcc -Bo rd ereau Tot alLine

1-1

0 -1

Co v erLimit -Sub scrip ti on In dex

1-1

0-1

Cov erLimit -Prev io usInd ex

1-1

0-1

Cov erLimit -A ctu alInd ex

1-1

0-N

Co up le-Party Ro le

1-1

0 -1

Con tract-Tran sfer

1-1

0-1

Co n tra ct-Su spe nsio n

1-1

0-N

Co nt ract -Spe cialCo nd itio n

0-1

0 -N

Con tract -Relat edPo licy

1-1

0-1

Con tract-Prop ortio n alPremiu m0-1

1 -N

Con tract -Premi umN ot ifica tio n

0 -1

1-N

Co nt ra ct-Po licy Hold er

1-1

0-1

Co nt rac t-Po licyCh an ge

1 -1

0-1

Con tract-Net Premiu mNo nInd exed

1-1

0-1

Con tract-Net Premiu mInd exed

1-N

0-N

Co nt rac t-Int ermedi ary

1-N

0-N

Co n tra ct-In surer

1-N Con tract-In su ran ceOb ject

1-1

0-1

Co nt rac t-Gross Premiu m

1 -1

0-N

Con tract-Gene ralCo nd itio n

1-1

0-N

Co n tra ct-Cost /Ch arg e

0-N

1-1

Co n tra ct-CoPolic yHo lde r

1 -1

0-N

Co nt ra ct-Co n tra ctD ocu men t

1-1

0-N

Con tract -Co mmiss ion

1-1

0-N

Co nt ract -Co ins urer

0 -1

0-N

Con tract -Claim

1 -1

0-1

Co nt ract -Can cella tio n

1-1

0-1

Con tract-An n ulme nt

1-10-1 Co nt ract -A nn u alPremiu mNo nInd ex

1-1

0-1

Con tract-An n ualPremiumIn dexed

1-1

0 -1

Co nt rac t-A me nd men t

0 -1

0-N

Co nt en ts-Secu ri ty Sy stem

0-1

0-1

Co n ten ts-Gene ralFire

0 -1

0-1

Co nt ent s-Bu rg lary/ Theft

1 -1

0-1

ClaimLin e-Pol icyH old er

0-1

0 -N

Cl aiman t-Set tle ment

0-N

Claiman t-Professio n

0-10-N Cla iman t-Damag e

0-N

0-1

Cla im-M ana gement Act

1-1

0-N

Cl aim-K fkO perati on

1-1

0-N

Claim-In termed iary

1-1

0-1

1-N

Cl aim-Cla iman t

1-1

1 -6

Circu mst an ceColu mn -Circumstan ce

0-1 0 -NBuil din g-TakeOv erPo licy

0-1

0-1

Bu ild ing -Sto rmH ailA nd Heav ySn ow

0-1

0-N

Bu ildin g-Se curity Sy ste m

0-1

1-1

Bu ild ing -Poli cyH old er

0-1

0-1 Build ing -Ge neralFire

1 -1

1-N

Bordereau -Borde reau Line

1 -1

0-N

Bon us Recep tio nDe claratio n-Bon us

0-1 As sessment -Sett lemen t

1-1

A ssessment -D amag edO bjec t

1-1

0 -N

AirVehic le-Seat ing Capa city

1-1

0-N

AirVeh icle-Lo adCap acit y

1-1 0-NAirVehi cle-En gin e

1 -1

0-N

A IKRec ept ion Dec larat io n-A IK

0-1

0-1

A ccou nt in gDo cu men t-Int ermed iar

0-1

0-1A cco u nt ing Doc ume nt -In su rer

P

WorkersComp en sati on Con tra ct

Wo rk ersCo mp ens atio nCla im

Wo rkersCo mpen sat ion

Wit nes s

WaterVeh icle

Vi ctim

VERIDA SSReg istrat ion

Veh icle Re gist rat io nPlate Hold er

Ve hicle Regist ra tio nCard

Vehi clePassen gers

Veh icle

Va luat io n

Trea tin gM edic alDo cto r

Trav elIn su ran ceCon tract

Trans po rtIns uranc eCon tract

Tran spo rt edGo od s

Tran sfer

To talTe mpo raryD isab ility

To talLo ss

ThirdCo mmis sion

Temp orary Disa bilit y

Te leph o ne

Tec hn icarData

Tax

Ta riffPremium

Ta keOv erPol icy

Sus pen sio n

Su bsc rip tio nInd ex

Su bg ua ran tee

Sto rmHailA nd Hea vy Sn ow

St art In dex

Spl itPremi umPay men tLoad ing

Specia lCon dit ion

Spac eVehic le

Soc ialSecurity Bureau

Set tlement

Sen iority

Se nd ing Compan y

Sec urity Sy stemCert ific ate

Se curity Sy st em

Seco nd Re side ncy A dd ress

Sec on dCo mmiss ion

Seati ng Capac ity

RSRRegi stratio n

Roa dVeh icle

Ris kOb ject

RiskA dd re ss

Resp on se

Resid ent ialCarav an

Req ues tForBi d

Requ est er

Represen tat ive

Rep laced Po licy

Rep aire r

Ren ewa l

Relat edPol icy

Relat edParty

Re gist eredLega lPerso n

Refere ncePre miu m

Receiv in gCompan y

RealEstat e

Rate

Rai lVehic le

Prorat ion

Prop ortio nal Pre miu m

Pro pe rty

ProfitSharing

Professio nSen iority

Priv ateM ot orised Road Vehic le

Priv at eBuild ing

Prima ry Occu pa tio n

Previ ou sPo licy

Prev iou sIn su rer

Prev iou sIn su ran ceRefusal

Prev iou sIn de x

Pre vio usCla im

Prev io usA dd re ss

Preven ti on Measu re

Premiu mRetu rn Li ne

PremiumRe imb ursemen tLine

Pre miumPeriod

PremiumN ot ific atio n

Pre miu mLo ad ing

PremiumLin e

PremiumIn vo iceRelat ed Act ion

Premiu mIn vo iceLine

Premiu mIn v oice

Pre miumDisco un tO rLoad in g

Premiu mDi scou nt

Pre miumCance llatio n Lin e

Pre miumAn dCo mmis sion Rev ersib lePremiumLin e

Premiu m

Po licy Ho lder

Pol icy

Phy sical Person

Phy sicalInju ry

Perso n alLia bilit yIns urance Con tra ct

Permane nt Disab ilit yCov er

Permane nt Disab ility

Party Role

Part y

Partia lTempo ra ry Disab ilit y

Parity Committ ee

Own er

Ot he rPriv ateBu ild ingO th erPoli cy

Oth erIn suranc eRedu ct ion

Op p on ent ThirdPart y

Old Premiu m

O fficialA dd res s

OfficeTel eph on e

Offen cePend ing

Not ifie r

Non Reg istered Leg alPerso n

No nM ot orised Ro ad Vehic le

N etPremiumNon in dexed

N etPremiumIn dexed

N etPremium

NCBYearMin us3

NCBYearM inu s2

NCBReferen ce

NCBPrev iou sNCBLevel

NCBAt Un derwri tin g

NCBA tPrev io usInsu re r

N CBA ct ual

M ut ualH ealt hInsu rer

Mo to rTh ird Pa rty Liabil ity

M ot orTheft

M ot orPartialCo mp reh en sive

Mo to ris edRo adVeh icle

M ot orIn suran ceCon tract

Mo to rFullCo mp reh en sive

M ot orFire

M ot orCycleCe rti ficat e

Mo to rCo mprehe nsiv e

Mo rt gag eLoan Fi le

MoralDa mag e

M ob ileTelep ho ne

Mis cellan eo usTrans actio nLin e

Me dica lDoc to r

M aterialDa mag e

Man ag emen tA ct

Ma ilSec on daryA d dress

MailPrimary Ad dress

M achin ery/ Ap plia nce s

Lo adCa pacit y

LifePro fi tSharing

LifeIn su ran ceCo nt ract

Le galPerson

Legal Expe nses In suran ceCon tract

Leas ing Compan y

Last Premiu m

Last Commissio n

Lan d

K fkReq ue stForRefu nd

KfkOp erat io n

KfkDeb itO rCre dit St atement

Jo bCat eg orySenio ri ty

Int erv enin g Au th ority

In te rmed iary

In su rer

In suredVa lueBas edD edu cti ble

In sured Perso n

Insu re d

In suranc eProv ide r

In div idu alInsu ra nceCo nt ra ct

In de x

In demn ificati on

Iden tit yCard

Hu nt ing Lic ence

Hu nt ing

Ho spi tal

HomeTelep ho ne

H olid ay Pay Bureau

He adO ffi ceA dd ress

H aula geTrailer

Gu aran tee

Gro up In su ran ceCo nt ract

Gro up

Gross Premiu m

Gree nCard

GeneralLife

Gene ralFire

Gene ralCo nd itio ns Wo rd ing

Gen eral Co nd it ion

Gen eral Ci vilLiab ility

Gara ge

Fu tu reA dd res s

Fleet

Fi rst Premiu m

Firs tCo mmissi on

First Aid Sup plier

FireIn su ran ceCo nt ract

Fin ancia lTran sact ion Li ne

Fin anc ialDamage

Fina nceCo mp any

Fi leAd min ist rat or

Fid elit yBo nu s

Fee

Fax

Family A llow anc eBureau

Fact ual Grou p

Exte rna lRole

Ext en sion

Exp ense

Ev ent A dd ress

Europ ean Ac cide nt Not ific atio nForm

En gin e

En dInd ex

Emp lo yee Be nefitsCo nt rac t

eMa il

Dw ellin g

Drivin g Licen ceWit hd raw al

Driv ing Licen ce

Drive r

D ocu men tExcha ng eDet ails

Do cument

Dis abili ty

Direct Pay men t

De du ctib le

Declarat ion

Decea seProfitSh arin g

Da taEnt ry Ope rat or

Dama ged Ob ject

Dama geA mo un tBase dDe du ctib le

Damage

Daily A llow ance

Curren tA cco un tLine

Cu rrent Ac cou nt

Cred ito r

Co verNo te

Co verLi mit

Co ver

Cou p le

Co st/ Charge

Co Policy Ho lde r

Con vict io n

Con tract Doc ume nt

Co nt rac tCha ng e

Co nt ract

Co nt ent s

Con di tio n

Compan ySen iority

Commun icat ion Cha nn el

Co mmo nLaw

Commissio nLine

Commissio n

Co mmercialM ot orised Road Vehi cle

Commerc ialLoss

Commerci alIn su ran ceCon tract

CommercialDis cou nt

Co mmercia lBuild ing

Coll ectio n

Co ins urer

Claus e

ClaimLin e

Cla iman t

Cl aim

Civ ilLiabili ty HorsesA nd Carriag es

Circu mst an ceColu mn

Circ ums tan ce

Certifyin gM edi calDo cto r

Caravan

Capit al

Ca ncel latio n

Calcu latio n

Burgla ry /Th eft

Build in g

Bra nch Se nio rit y

Bran chO ffi ceA dd ress

Bordereau Tot alLin e

Bo rd erea uLine

Bo rd ereau

Bo nu sRecep tio nD eclarati on

Bon us

Bil ling Ad dress

Bi d/ Offer

Bicy cle

Ben eficia ry

BasePre mium

As sesso r

An nu lmen t

A nn u alPremiu mNo nInd exed

A n nu alPremiu mInd exed

An nu alPremium

A nn u alIn demnificat ion

A men dme nt

Ai rVeh icle

A dv ant ag eIn Kin dRece pt ion Decla rat ion

A dv ant age In Kin d

A d dress

Ad dO nInsu re r

Ad di tio nalO ccu pat ion

A d dit ion alA ctiv ity

Act ua lIn surerO f

A ctu alInd ex

Act ivi ty Execu tio nA d dress

Act ion

Acq u isitio nCo mmi ssio n

A cco un tin gD ocu men tLine

A cco un tin gD ocu men t

Ac cide nt sSin ceA dj ust men t

Ove rvi ew/Co nc ept ual

Belgian national standard for

exchanging messages between

insurance companies

(339 entity types and

232 relationship types)


Emp. Evaluation on the TELEBIB schema

0-1

1-N

Contract-PolicyHolder

Victim

Vehicle

Premium

PolicyHolder

MaterialObject

Guarantee

CurrentAccount

Contract

NOTE: Th e re la ti o ns h ip s i n b lu e a re g e n e ric re la ti o ns h ip s t h at a re de t ai le d b y s p ec if ic r e la ti on s h ip s .

0- 1

0- N

W o rk er s Co mpe n s at io n Cla im -Po lic y Ho ld e r

1 - 1

0- NW o rk e rs Co mp en s a ti o nCl ai m-No t if ie r

1 - 1

0- N

Wa t er Veh i cl e- Se at in g Ca pa c it y

1- 1

0 - NWa t er Veh i cl e- Lo ad Ca p a ci ty

1 -1

0- NW at er Ve h ic le -En g in e

1 -1

0 -N

Vic ti m-Pr of e ss i on Se n io ri ty

1- 1

0 -1

Vi ct im- Mu t ua lH ea lt h In s u re r

1 -1

0 -N

Vic ti m-J o b Cat e go r y Se n io r it y

1- 1

0- N

Vic t im-Co mp a n y Sen io r it y

1- 1

0 -N

Vic t im- Bra n ch Se n io ri ty

1 -1

0 -N

Vi ct im- Bo n us Re c ep t io n Dec l ar a ti

0 -N

1- 1

Vic ti m-AI KRe c ep t io n Dec l ar a tio n

1 -1 0- 1Vic t im- Ac tu a lI ns u re r

1 -1

0 - N

Vic ti m-Ac t iv it y Ex e cu t io n Ad d re s

1 -1

0 -1VERIDASSRe g is tr a tio n - Req u e st e r

0- 1

0- N

Ve h ic le -Tr a ns p o rt e dGo o d s

0 -1

0- N

Ve h ic le -Se c u rit y Sys t em

1 -1 0 -1Veh i cl e -Re g is tr at io n Pla te Ho ld e

1 -1

0 -1

Ve hi c le -M ot o rTPL

1 -1

0 - 1

Ve hi cl e -M ot o rTh e ft

1 - 1 0 -1Ve h ic le - Mo to r Par ti al Co mpr e h en s iv e

1 - 1

0 -1

Ve h ic le -M o to rFu l lCo mp re h en s iv e

1 - 1

0 -1

Ve hi c le -M ot o rFir e

1 - 1 0 -1Ve h ic le -Le a si n gCo mp a n y

1- 1

0 - N

To ta lLo s s -Re q u es tFo r Bid

0 -1

0- N

Su b g u a ra n te e -Co v er

1 -1

0- N

Sp e ci a lCo n di ti on - Cla u se

0 -1

0 - NSet tl e men t -Pa rt y

0- 1

0- N

Se tt le men t -Gu a ra n te e

0 -1

0 -N

Se t tle me n t- Co ve r

0 - 1

1 - 1 Ris k Ob je ct -Pr e vi o us I ns u r er

1 -1

0- N

Re q u e st For Bid - Bid /Of fe r

0 -1

0 - NRe la t ed Pa rt y- Ra te

1 -10- 1 Re l at ed Pa rt y -Of fi ci al Ad d re s s

1 - 1

0 -N

Re la te d Par ty - Off ic e Tel ep h o n e

1 -1

0 -N

Re la t ed Pa rt y- Mo b il e Tel ep h o n e

1- 1

0 -N

Re la t ed Pa rt y -Ho me Te le p ho n e

1- 1

0- N

Re la te d Par ty - Fa x

1- 1

0 - N Re la te d Pa rt y- Ext e rn a lRo le

1- 1

0 - N

Re la te d Pa rt y- e Ma il

1 -1

0 - N Reg Le g Pe r so n - Pa r ty Ro le

1 -1

0 -1

Re g Le gPe rs - Soc ia l Se c u ri ty Bu re a1- 1

0- 1

Reg Le g Per s- Pa rit y Co mmit te e

1 -1

0 - 1

Re g Le g Pe rs -Ho l id a yPa y Bu re a u

1 -1

0 -1

Re g Leg Pe rs - Fa mi ly All o wan c e Bu re a u

1 - 1

0- 1

Pr o pe r ty -Ri s kAd d r es s

0 -1

1- 1

Pro f e ss io n - Ac tiv i ty Exe c tu t io n Ad d re s s

1 -1 0 - NPr iv a te Ve hi c le /Tr uc k -Dr iv e r

1 - 1

0 -N

Pr eNo t -Re n e wal Pre miu mPe ri od

1- 1

0 - N

Pre No t- Pro r at io n Pre miu mPe ri o d

0- N

0 -1

0 - N

Pre miu mNo t if ic at io n -PI Rel a te d A

1 -1

0 -1

Pre mi um Li n e- Po lic y Ho ld e r

1 -1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Ta x

1 - 1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Su bs c ri p tio n I nd e x

1 -1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Spl it Pay me n tLo a d in g

1 -1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Pre v io u sI n d ex

1- 1

0 -1Pre miu m- Oth e rI n su r an c e Red u c ti o

1- 1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Fid e lit y Bon u s

1 - 1

0 -1

Pre miu m- Co mmer c ia lDi sc o u n t

1- 1

0- 1

Pre mi u m-Ac t ua lI n d ex

1 -1

0 -N

Pol ic y Ho ld e r- RSRRe g is t ra ti o n

0 -N

0 -1

0 -N

Po lic y Ho ld e r- Pre v io u sPo l ic y

0 - N

0 -1

Pol ic y Ho ld e r- Pr e vi o u sCl ai m

0 -1

0 -N

Po l ic y Ho ld er -Pr e vI n sRe f us a l

0- N

1 - 1

Po li c yH ol d er -Pr ev e n ti on M e as u re

0 -1

0 -N

Po li c yHo l d er -Of fe n c ePe n d in g

0 -1

0- N

Pol ic y Ho ld e r- NCBLev e l

0 -1

0 -N

Pol ic y Ho ld e r- Con v ic t io n

0 -1

0 -1

Po lic y Ho ld e r- Bill in g Ad d re s s

0- 1

0 - N

Pol ic y Ho ld e r- Ac ci d en t sSi nc e Ad ju s tme n t

1 - 1

0- N

Ph y si ca lPe r so n -Pa rt y Ro le

1 -1

0 -N

Phy s ic a lI n ju ry - Tre a tin g M ed i ca l

1 -1

0 -N

Phy s ic a lI n ju ry - Ho sp it a l

1 -1

0 -N

Ph y s ic a lIn j ur y -Fir s tAi d Su p p li e

1 - 1

0 -N

Ph y s ic al In j ur y -Di sa b il it y

1- 1

0 -N

Ph ys i ca lI n ju ry - Cer ti fy in g M ed i c

1 -1

0 -1

Par ty - Pre v io u sA d dr e ss

1 -1

0 - 1

Par ty - Off ic ia lA dd r es s

1 -1

0- N

Par ty - Off ic e Tel ep h o n e

1 -1

0 -N

Par ty - Mo b ile Te le p h o ne

1- 1

0 -1

Par ty - Ma il Prima r y Ad dr e ss

1 -1

0- N

Par ty - Ho meTe le p h o n e

1 -1

0- N

Par ty - Fax

1 -1

0- N

Par ty - eM a il

1 -10 -N O pp o n e n tTh ir d Pa r ty -Ci rc u ms ta n ce Co lu mn

1 - 1

0 - N No n Re gLe g Per s on - Par ty Ro le

1- 1

0- 1

M ot o ri se d Ro ad Ve h ic le - Veh ic l ePa s se n g er

1 -1

0 -N

Mo t o ris e d Ro ad Ve h ic le -Te c h ni c ar Da ta

1- 1

0- 1

Mo t o ris e d Ro ad Ve h ic le -Se a ti ng Ca p a ci ty

1 - 1

0 - 1

M ot o ri se d Ro ad Ve h ic le - Lo a d Ca pa c it y

1 -1

0 -N

M o to r is ed Ro a d Veh i cl e- Ha u la ge Tr ai le r

1 -1

0 -1

Mo to r is e dRo a d Ve hi cl e -En g in e

1 -1

0 -N

Mo to r is e dRo a d Ve hi cl e -Ca ra v a n

1 - 1

0 -N

Mo t or In s u ra n c eCo n tr a ct -VERI DAS

1 -1 Ma t er ia lOb j ec t- Own e r

1 -1 Ma t er ia lOb j ec t -Fin a n ce Co mp a ny

1 -1

0 - 1M at e ria l Dama g e -Re p a ire r

1 -1

0 -1

M at e ria l Dama g e -Da ma g e dOb j ec t

1 -1

0- NM a te ri al Da mag e -A ss e s so r

1 -1

0- N

Lif eI n sCo n t ra ct -Re f er e nc e Pre miu m

1 -1

0 -N

Lif e In s Co nt ra c t- Life Pr of it Sha r in g

1 -1

0- N

Lif e In s Con t ra c t- Las tPr e miu m

1- 1

0 -N

Life I ns Co n tr a ct -Fir s tPre mi u m

1 -1

0 - N

Li fe In s Co n tra c t- De ce a s ePr o fit Sh ar in g

1 - 1

0 -1

Leg a lPe rs o n -H ea d Off ic e Ad d re s s

1- 1

0 -1 Le g a lPe rs o n -Br an c h Off ic e Ad d re s

1 - 1

1 -1

K fk Op er a ti on - Sen d in g Co mp a ny

1 -1

1 - 1

Kfk Op e ra ti o n- Re ce iv i n gCo mp a n y

1- 1

0- N

In s ur e d Pe r so n -Pr ima r yOc c u p at io n0 -1

0 -1

In s ur e d Pe r so n -Pe r man e n tDi sa b il

1- 1

0 -1

I n s ur e dPe r so n -Ge n e ra lLi fe

1 -1

0 - N

In s u re d Per s on - Ad d it io n al Oc cu p a ti on 1 -1

0 -N

In s ur e d Pe r so n -A d di ti on a lA ct iv it ie s

1 -1

0- N

I n su r ed - Cir cu ms t an c e Col u mn

1 -1

0 -N

I ns u r an c e Pr o v id e r- Fi le Ad min i st

1 -1

I n ci d en t -W it ne s s

1 - 1

In c id e nt -O pp o n e n tTh ir d Pa r ty

1 - 1

I n c id en t -I n te rv e n in g Au th o r ity

1 -1 I n ci d en t -Ev e nt Ad d re s s

1 -1

0 -N

Hu n t in g -Hu n ti n gLi ce n c e

1 - 10- N Gu a ra n te e -Su b g ua r an t ee

1 -1

0 -N

Gu a ra n te e -Sp ec i al Con d i tio n

1 - 1

0 -1

Gu a ra n te e -Pr op o r tio n a lPr emi u m

1 -1

0 -1

Gu ar a n te e- Old Pr emi u m

1 -1

0 -1

Gu a ra n te e -Ne t Pre miu mNo n In d e xe d

1 -1

0- 1

Gu a ra n te e -Ne t Pre miu mI n de x ed

1- 1

0 -N

Gu a ra n te e -I n sVa lBa s e dD ed u c ti bl e

1- 1

0 -1

Gu a ra n te e -Gr os s Pre miu m

1 - 1

0 - N

Gu a ra n te e -Ge n er a lCo n di ti on

1 -1

0 -N

Gu a ra n te e -Ex te n s io n

1- 1

0 -1

Gu a ra n te e -Da mAmBa s e dD ed u c ti bl e

1 -1

0- N

Gu ar a nt e e- Da ily A llo wa n ce

0 -1

0- N

Gu a r an t ee - Co v e r

1 -1

0 -N

Gu ar an t e e- Co st /Ch a rg e

1 - 1

0 -N

Gua r an t ee - Com mis si o n

1 -1

0 - N

Gu a ra n te e -Ca p it al

1 - 1

0 -1

Gu ar a n te e- Ba se Pre mi um

1 - 1

0- 1

Gu a ra n te e -An n u a lPre mi um Non I n d e

1 -1

0 -1

Gu ar a nt e e- An n u al Pre miu mI n de x ed

1 - 1

0 -N

Gu ar a nt e e- An n u al In d e mn ifi c at io n

1- 1

0 - NGe n er al Lif e- Ben e f ic ia ry

1- 1

0 -N

Ge n e ra lCo n d it io n -Cla u s e

0 -1

1 -N

Fl ee t -Ve h ic le

1 -1

0 -N

Fa c tu a lGr ou p - Pa r ty Ro le

1 -1

1 -2

EANFo rm- Cir cu ms t an c e Col u mn

0 -10- N D riv e r- Pre v io u s Cla im

0- 1

0 - N

Dr iv e r- NCBLe v e l

1 - 1

0 - N

Dri ve r -Dr iv in g Lic e n ce W ith d r awa

1 -1

0 -1

Dri v er -Dr iv i ng Lic e n ce

0- 1

0 -N

Dr iv e r- Ac ci d en t sSi nc e Ad ju s tme n t

1 -1

0 - N

Do c u me nt -D oc u me n tEx ch a n g eDe t ai ls

1- 10- N De c la ra ti o n- Re sp o n s e

0 - 1

0- NDa mag e d Ob je c t- Val u at io n

0 -1

1 -1

Dam ag e -Gu a ra n te e

1 -1

0 - N

Cu rAc c -Pr em iu mRe tu rn Lin e

1 -1

0 -N

Cu rA cc - Pr e miu mRe imb u rs e me n tLin e

1 -1

0 -N

Cu r Acc - Pre miu mI nv o i ce Lin e

1 -1

0 - N

Cu rAc c -Pr emi u mCan c e lla t io n Lin e

1 - 1

0 - N

Cur Ac c -Mi s ce ll Tra n s Li n e

1 -1

0- N

Cu r Acc - Fin Tra n s Li n e

1- 1

0 -N

Cu r Ac c- Co mmis s io n Lin e

1- 1

0- N

Cur Ac c -Cla i mLin e

1 -10- N Cu r Ac c- Bo rd e re a u To t a lLin e

1 -1

0 -1

Co v e rLimi t- Sub s c ri pt io n In d e x

1 -1

0 -1

Co v er Limi t- Pr e v io u sI n d ex

1- 1

0 -1

Co v er Limit -A ct u al In d e x

1 -1

0 -N

Co u p le -Pa r ty Ro le

1- 1

0 -1

Co n tr ac t- Tra n s fe r

1 -1

0 -1

Con t ra c t- Sus p e n si on

1 - 1

0 -N

Co n tr ac t- Sp ec i al Con d it io n

0 -1

0 -N

Co n tr ac t -Re la te d Po lic y

1 -1

0- 1

Con t ra c t- Pro p o rt io n al Pre miu m0- 1

1- N

Co n tr ac t -Pre mi um No tif ic a ti on

0 -1

1 -N

Co n tr a ct -Po li c yHo l d er

1 -1

0- 1

Co n tr a ct -Po li cy Ch a n g e

1 - 1

0 - 1

Co n tr a ct -Ne t Pr e miu mNo n In d e xe d

1- 1

0 - 1

Con t ra c t- Net Pre miu mI n d ex e d

1 - N

0- N

Co n tr a ct -I n te rme d ia r y

1 -N

0 -N

Con t ra c t- In s u re r

1- N Co n tr ac t- In s u ra n c eO bj ec t

1 -1

0- 1

Co n t ra c t-Gr o s sPr emi u m

1 - 1

0 -N

Co nt ra c t- Gen e r al Con d i tio n

1 -1

0 -N

Co n t ra ct -Co s t/ Ch a rg e

0 - N

1 -1

Co n tr a ct -Co Po lic y Ho ld e r

1 -1

0 -N

Con t ra c t- Con t ra c tDo c u me nt

1 -1

0 -N

Co n tra c t- Co mmis s io n

1 -1

0 -N

Co n t ra c t-Co i n su r er

0 - 1

0- N

Co n tr a ct -Cl ai m

1 -1

0 -1

Co n tr ac t -Ca n ce ll a tio n

1 -1

0 -1

Co n tr ac t -An n u lme n t

1 -1

0 -1 Co n t ra c t- An nu a lPr em iu mNo n In d e x

1 -1

0- 1

Co n tr a ct -A nn u a lPr emi u mIn d e xe d

1- 1

0- 1

Co nt ra c t- Ame n d men t

0 -1

0- N

Co n te n ts -Se c ur it y Sy s t em

0 -1

0 -1

Co n te n ts -Ge n e ra lFir e

0 -1

0 -1

Co n t en t s- Bu rg la r y/ Th ef t

1 -1

0- 1

Cl a imLin e -Po li cy Ho l de r

0 -1

0- N

Cl ai ma nt -Se tt le me n t

0 -N

Cla ima n t- Pro f es s io n

0 -10 -N Cl ai ma n t-D ama g e

0- N

0 - 1

Cla im- Ma n ag e me n tAc t

1 -1

0 -N

Cl ai m-Kf k Ope r at io n

1 -1

0- N

Cl ai m-I n te rm ed ia r y

1 -1

0 -1

1- N

Cla im -Cla im an t

1 - 1

1 - 6

Cir c ums t an c e Co lu mn -Ci rc u mst a nc e

0 -1 0 - NBu il d in g -Ta k eOv e rPo l ic y

0- 1

0- 1

Bui ld in g -St o rmHa il An d He av y Sn o w

0 -1

0 -N

Bu il di n g -Se cu r ity Sy s te m

0 -1

1 -1

Bu il d in g -Po li cy Ho ld e r

0 -1

0 -1 Bu i ld in g -Ge n e ra lFir e

1- 1

1- N

Bo r d er ea u - Bo r d er e au Lin e

1- 1

0 - N

Bo n u sRe c ep t io n De cl ar a ti on - Bo nu s

0 -1 As s es s me nt -Se tt le me n t

1 -1

A ss e s sme n t- Da ma ge d Ob je c t

1 -1

0 -N

A irVe h ic le - Se a ti n g Ca p a c ity

1 - 1

0 -N

Ai rVe h ic le - Lo a d Ca pa c it y

1 -1 0- NAi rVe h ic le -En g in e

1 - 1

0 -N

AIKRe c ep t io n De cl a ra ti on - AIK

0- 1

0- 1

Ac c o u nt in g Do c um en t -I nt e rme d ia r

0 - 1

0 - 1Ac co u n ti n gD oc u me n t- In s u re r

P

Wo r ke r sCo mp e n sa t io n Co nt ra c t

W o rk e rs Co mp en s a ti o nCl ai m

W o rk e rs Co mp en s a ti on

W it n es s

Wa t er Veh i cl e

Vic t im

VERI DASSRe gi st ra t io n

Ve h ic le Re g is tr at io n Pla te Ho ld e r

Veh ic l eRe g is tr a tio n Ca rd

Ve h ic le Pa ss e n ge r s

Ve hi c le

Va lu a ti o n

Tr ea ti n g Me d ic al Do ct o r

Tra v e lIn s u ra n c eCo n t ra ct

Tr an s p o rt In s u ra n ce Co n tr a ct

Tra n s p or te d Go o d s

Tra n s fe r

To ta lTe mp o ra r y Dis ab i lit y

To ta lLo s s

Th ird Co mmi ss io n

Temp o r ar y Dis a bi li ty

Te le p h o n e

Tec h n ic a rDa ta

Ta x

Ta rif fPr em iu m

Tak e Ov e rPo li cy

Su s p en s io n

Su b sc r ip ti o nI n d ex

Su b gu a ra n t ee

St o rmHa il An d He av y Sn o w

Sta r tI nd e x

Sp li tPr emi u mPay me n tLo a d in g

Spe c ia lCo n d it io n

Sp a c eVe h ic le

Soc i al Sec u ri ty Bu re a u

Se tt le me n t

Sen io r it y

Se n d in g Comp a n y

Se c u rit y Sy st em Cer ti fic a te

Se c u rit y Sys t em

Se co n d Re si d en c y Ad d re s s

Sec o n d Comm is si o n

Se a ti ng Ca p ac i ty

RSRRe gi st ra t io n

Ro a d Veh ic l e

Ri sk Ob je c t

Ri sk Ad d re s s

Re sp o n s e

Res id e n ti al Ca ra v an

Re q ue s tFo r Bid

Req u e st e r

Rep r es e n ta ti v e

Re p la c ed Po li cy

Rep a ir e r

Ren e wa l

Re la t ed Po li cy

Re l at ed Pa rt y

Reg i st er e d Le g a lPe rs o n

Re fe r en c e Pre miu m

Rec e iv in g Co mp a ny

Rea lEs t at e

Rat e

Ra il Ve h ic l e

Pro r at io n

Pro p o rt io n a lPre miu m

Pro p e rt y

Pro f it Sha r in g

Pro fe s s io n Sen i or it y

Pri v at e Mo to r is e dRo a d Ve hi c le

Pr iv a te Bu il di n g

Prima r y Occ u p a tio n

Pre v io u sPo li c y

Pre v io u s In s ur e r

Pre v io u s In s u ra n ce Re fu s a l

Pre v io u sI n d ex

Pre v io u s Cla im

Pre v io u s Ad d re s s

Pre v en t io n Me a su r e

Pre miu mRe t ur n Lin e

Pr e miu mRe imb u rs e me nt Lin e

Pre mi um Pe r io d

Pre miu mNo t if ic at io n

Pre mi um Lo a d in g

Pr e miu mLin e

Pre mi u mIn v o ic eRe l at e dA ct io n

Pr em iu mIn v o ic e Lin e

Pre mi u mIn v o ic e

Pr e miu mDi sc o u n tOr Lo a d in g

Pre miu mDi sc o u n t

Pre miu mCa n c el la ti on Li ne

Pr emi u mAn d Com mis si o n Re v e rs ib l ePr emi u mLin e

Pr e miu m

Po lic y Ho ld e r

Pol ic y

Ph y s ic al Per so n

Ph y s ic a lI nj u ry

Per s on a lLi ab i lit y In s u ra n ce Co n tr ac t

Per ma n en t Dis a bi li ty Co v er

Pe rma n e n tDi sa b il ity

Pa rt y Rol e

Pa rt y

Pa rt ia lTe mp o ra ry Di sa b il ity

Par it yCo mmi tt e e

Own e r

Oth e r Pr iv a te Bu il di n gOth e rPo li cy

Ot h er In s u ra n c eRe d u ct io n

O pp o n e n tTh ir d Pa r ty

Old Pr emi u m

Off ic ia lAd d r es s

O ffi c eTe le p h o ne

Of fe n ce Pe n di n g

Not if ie r

No n Reg i st e re d Le g a lPe rs o n

N on M o to ri se d Ro a dVe h ic le

Net Pre miu mN on i nd e x ed

Ne tPre mi umI n d ex e d

Net Pre miu m

NCBYe a rM in u s3

N CBYe a rM in u s 2

NCBRef er e n ce

NCBPre v io u s

N CBLe v e l

NCBAt Un d er wr iti n g

NCBAt Pr e v io u sI n su r er

NCBAc tu a l

Mu t u al Hea l th In s u re r

Mo to r Thi rd Pa rt y Li a bi lit y

M o to r The f t

Mo to r Par ti al Co mp re h en s iv e

M o to r is ed Ro a d Veh i cl e

Mo t o rI ns u ra n c eCo n t ra c t

M ot o rFu ll Com pr e he n s iv e

Mo t o rFir e

M ot o rCy c le Ce rt ifi c at e

Mo t or Co mp re h e ns iv e

Mo r tg a g eLo a n Fi le

Mo ra lD ama g e

Mo b il eTe le p h o n e

M is c el la n eo u s Tra n s ac ti o n Li n e

Me d ic al Do ct o r

M at er ia lD ama g e

Ma n a g eme n t Act

Ma il Sec o n d ar y Ad d re s s

M ai lPri ma ry Ad d re s s

M a ch i ne r y /Ap p li an c e s

Lo ad Ca p a ci ty

Lif ePr o fit Sh ar in g

Lif eI n su r a nc e Co n tra c t

Le ga l Pe r so n

Leg a lEx p en s e sI n su r a nc e Co n tra c t

Lea s in g Co mp an y

Las t Pr e miu m

La s tCo mmi ss i on

La n d

Kfk Re q ue s tFo r Ref u n d

Kf kOp e ra t io n

Kf kDe b it OrCr e di tSt at e men t

J o bCa t eg o r ySe n io r ity

I n te rv e n in g Au th o r it y

In te r me di ar y

In s u re r

In s u re d Va lu eBa s e dD ed u c ti bl e

I n su r ed Pe rs o n

I ns u r ed

In s u ra n ce Pro v id e r

I nd i vi d u al In s u ra n ce Co n tr ac t

I nd e x

In d e mn ifi c at io n

I d en t it y Ca r d

Hu n ti ng Li ce n c e

Hun t in g

Ho s p it al

Ho me Te le p ho n e

Ho l id a yPa y Bu re a u

Hea d Of fic e Ad d re s s

Ha ul a ge Tr ai le r

Gua r an t ee

Gr o u pI n s ur a nc e Co n tr ac t

Gr o u p

Gro s s Pre miu m

Gr ee n Ca rd

Ge ne r al Life

Ge n e ra lFi re

Ge n e ra lCo n d it io n sW o rd in g

Gen e ra l Co n d it io n

Ge ne r al Civ il Lia bi li ty

Gar a ge

Fu tu r eA dd r es s

Fle e t

Firs t Pr e miu m

Firs t Comm is si o n

Fir s tAi d Su p p li er

Fir eI n su r an c e Co nt ra c t

Fi na n c ia lTr an s a ct io n Lin e

Fi n an c ia lDa ma g e

Fin a n c eCo mp a n y

Fil e Ad min is t ra to r

Fid e li ty Bo n us

Fe e

Fax

Fa mily A llo wa n c eBu r ea u

Fa ct u al Gro u p

Ex te r n al Rol e

Ex te n si o n

Ex p e ns e

Ev e nt Ad d re s s

Eu r o pe a n Ac ci d en t No ti fic a ti o nFo r m

En g in e

En d In d e x

Empl o y ee Be n ef it sCo n tr a ct

e M ai l

D wel lin g

Dr iv i ng Lic e n ce W it hd r a wal

Dr iv in g Lic e nc e

Dr iv e r

Do c u men t Exc h an g e De ta il s

Do c u me nt

Di sa b il it y

D ire c tPa y me nt

Ded u c ti bl e

D ec la r at io n

Dec e a se Pro f it Sha r in g

Dat a Ent ry Op e ra t or

Da ma ge d Ob je c t

D ama g e Amo u n tBa se d De d u ct ib le

Da ma g e

Da ily Al lo wa n ce

Cur re n tA cc o u n tLin e

Cu rr en t Ac co u n t

Cr ed i to r

Co v er No te

Co v er Limit

Co v e r

Co up l e

Co st /Ch a rg e

Co Po li cy Ho ld e r

Co n v ic t io n

Co n tr ac t Do cu me n t

Co nt ra c tCh a n g e

Co n t ra ct

Co nt e n ts

Co nd i tio n

Co mp a n ySe n io r ity

Co mmu n ic a tio n Ch a n ne l

Com mo nLa w

Co mmi ss io n Lin e

Com mis si o n

Co mmer c ia lM ot o ri se d Ro ad Ve h ic le

Co mme r ci al Los s

Com mer c ia lI ns u ra n c e Co n t ra c t

Co mmer c ia lDi sc o u n t

Com mer c ia lBu il di n g

Co ll e ct io n

Co in s u re r

Cla u s e

Cla imLin e

Cla ima n t

Cla im

Civ ilLi ab i lit y Ho rs e sA nd Ca rr ia g e s

Cir cu ms ta n c eCo l u mn

Cir c um st an c e

Cer ti fy in g M ed i ca lDo c t or

Ca ra v a n

Ca p it al

Ca n ce ll at io n

Ca lc u la ti o n

Bu r g la ry /Th e ft

Bui ld in g

Bra n ch Se n io ri ty

Br a n ch Of fi ce Ad d re s s

Bor d er e au To t al Lin e

Bo rd e re a u Li n e

Bo r d er ea u

Bo n u s Rec e p ti on De c la ra t io n

Bo n u s

Bill in g Ad d re s s

Bi d/ Off e r

Bi cy c le

Ben e fi c ia ry

Bas e Pre miu m

A ss e s so r

An n ul me nt

An n u al Pre miu mNo n I nd e x ed

An n ua l Pr e miu mIn d e x ed

An n u al Pre miu m

A n nu a lI n d emn i fic a ti o n

Ame n d men t

Air Ve hi c le

Ad va n t ag e In Ki nd Re c ep t io n De cl a ra ti on

Ad v an t ag e In Ki n d

Ad d re ss

Ad d On In s u re r

Ad d it io n a lOc c up a t io n

Ad d it io n al Ac ti vi ty

Ac tu a lI ns u r er Of

Ac tu a lI n de x

Act iv i ty Exe c u tio n Ad d r es s

Ac ti on

Ac qu i si ti on Co mmi ss i on

Ac co u n ti n gDo c u me n tLin e

Ac c o u nt in g Do c u men t

Ac c id e n ts Sin c eA dj u st me n t

Ov er v ie w/Co n c ep t u al

Top-8

Top-7 after first collapsing isA hierarchies

1-1

1-1

role"c"

1-1

1-1

premium"c"

1-11-1 PremGuarantee"c"

1-1

1-1

partyRole"c"

1-1 1-1participants

1-1

1-1

located"c"

1-1

1-1insurObj"c"

1-1

1-1

hasAddress"c"

1-1

1-1

contractObj"c"

1-1

1-1

collapseInsuranceObject11

1-1

1-1

address"c"

RelatedParty"c"

Premium"c"

PartyRole"c"

InsuranceObject"c"

Guarantee"c"

Contract"c"

Address1


Formal Evaluation Methods(TREC/INEX-like)

Steps:

1. Derive the Ideal Ranking of the elements of a schema

– by aggregating the top-k lists provided by several experts on that schema

2. Compare an automatically derived ranking w.r.t. the ideal ranking

based on appropriate metrics

– ... metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of Information Retrieval Systems

How to visualise these top-k diagrams ?


How to visualise these top-k diagrams ?

• For drawing automatically the top-k diagrams we combine the spring-model [Eades84] with the magnetic-spring model

[SugiyamaMisue94] in a way that is appropriate for ER diagrams.

• We view an ER diagram as a mechanical system

– Force model A

– Force model B

• Drawing algorithm

– Algorithm that simulates the mechanical system

– Its seeks for a configuration with locally minimal energy


Force Model A


Force Model A: Computing the exerted forces

• Force exerted on an entity type:

),(),(),()()(,)(

ij

ieCONISAjeij

jeieEjeij

ieCONjei eeheegeefeF ∑∑∑

∈≠∈∈

++=

String force

from connections

Electrical repulsion

from every other particle

Magnetic (rotational)

force from ISA connections


Force Model A: Configuration parameters

∑∈

−−=

)(,,

),()),(()(

ieCONje ji

ijjiji

sjiix

ppd

xxLppdKef

∑≠∈

−=

iejeEje ji

ji

ji

eji

ixppd

xx

ppd

Keg

,2

,

),(),()(

∑∑∈∈

−+

−=

)( ,)( ,

)(

ieCONNSUBje ji

ijm

ieCONNSUPje ji

ijmix

L

xxK

L

xxKeh

),(),(),()()(,)(

ij

ieCONISAjeij

jeieEjeij

ieCONjei eeheegeefeF ∑∑∑

∈≠∈∈

++=


The role of the forces f, g, and hand of the configuration parameters


Force Model B

• Relationship types are also considered as particles in order to discourage overlaps.


B: Drawing ER diagramsExperimental Evaluation> Multiple Isa Hierarchies

1-10-N

R_3

1-10-NR_2

1-1

0-NR_1

1-10-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8

ENTITY_7ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5

ENTITY_4

ENTITY_3

ENTITY_2

ENTITY_11

ENTITY_10

ENTITY_1

ENTITY

1-1

0-N

R_9

1-1

0-NR_8

1-1

0-N

R_7

1-1

0-N

R_6

1-1

0-N

R_5

1-10-N R_4

1-1

0-N

R_3

1-1

0-N

R_2

1-1

0-N

R_10

1-1

0-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8

ENTITY_7

ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5

ENTITY_4

ENTITY_3

ENTITY_2

ENTITY_1

ENTITY

1-1

0-N

R_9

1-1 0-N

R_8

1-1

0-N

R_7

1-1

0-N

R_6

1-1

0-N

R_5

1-10-N R_4

1-1

0-N

R_3

1-1

0-NR_2

1-1

0-N

R_10

1-1

0-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8 ENTITY_7

ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5ENTITY_4

ENTITY_3ENTITY_2

ENTITY_1

ENTITY


Experimental EvaluationFM A vs FM B

1-1

0-N

R_9

1-1

0-N

R_8

1-1

0-N

R_7

1-1

0-N

R_6

1-1

0-N

R_5

1-1

0-N

R_4

1-10-NR_31

1-1

0-N

R_30

1-1

0-N

R_3

1-1

0-N

R_29

1-10-N R_28

1-1

0-N

R_27

1-1

0-N

R_26

1-1

0-N

R_251-1

0-N

R_24

1-10-N R_23

1-1

0-N

R_22

1-1

0-N

R_21

1-1 0-NR_20

1-1

0-N

R_2

1-1

0-N

R_19

1-1

0-N

R_18

1-1

0-N

R_17 1-1

0-N

R_16

1-1

0-N

R_15

1-1 0-NR_14

1-1

0-N

R_13

1-1 0-NR_12

1-1

0-N

R_11

1-1

0-N

R_10

1-1

0-N

R_1

1-1

0-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8

ENTITY_7

ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5

ENTITY_4

ENTITY_3

ENTITY_2

ENTITY_16

ENTITY_15

ENTITY_14ENTITY_13

ENTITY_12

ENTITY_11

ENTITY_10

ENTITY_1

ENTITY

1-1

0-N

R_9

1-1

0-N

R_8

1-1

0-N

R_7

1-1

0-N

R_6

1-1

0-N

R_5

1-1

0-N

R_4

1-1

0-N

R_31

1-1

0-N

R_30

1-1

0-N

R_3

1-1

0-N

R_29

1-1

0-N

R_28

1-1

0-N

R_27

1-1

0-N

R_26

1-1

0-N

R_25

1-1

0-N

R_24

1-1

0-N

R_23

1-1

0-N

R_22

1-1

0-N

R_21

1-1

0-N

R_20

1-1

0-N

R_2

1-1

0-N

R_19

1-1

0-N

R_18

1-1

0-N

R_17

1-1

0-N

R_16

1-1

0-N

R_15

1-10-NR_14

1-1

0-N

R_13

1-10-NR_12

1-1

0-N

R_11

1-1

0-N

R_10

1-1

0-N

R_1

1-1

0-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8

ENTITY_7

ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5

ENTITY_4

ENTITY_3

ENTITY_2

ENTITY_16

ENTITY_15

ENTITY_14

ENTITY_13

ENTITY_12

ENTITY_11

ENTITY_10

ENTITY_1

ENTITY

• FM B

– The tentangles of binary relationship types are unnecessarily not aligned.

– Computationally more expensive

• FM Α


Experimental Evaluation> On bigger diagrams

0-N

0-1

ιmis

0-N

1-1ΰ

0-N

1-1

vers

0-N0-1Type

1-N

0-N

titulaire

0-N

0-N

supplι ant

0-N

1-1

secrι taire

0-1

1-2

rι dige

0-N

0-1

reηu

requiert

0-N

est requis

0-1

requiert

0-N

1-1

prι sident

0-N

1-1

Propose

0-N

1-1

pour

0-N 0-N

participe

1-1

0-N

organise

1-10-N

organise

0-N

0-N

offre rι elle

0-N

0-N

offre

0-N

1-1

Nationalitι

0-N

1-1

naissance

0-N

0-N

membre

0-N

1-1

inscrit

0-3

0-N

inscription-examen

0-N

0-1

etude secondaire

1-1

0-N

de

0-N

1-1de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1de

0-1

0-N

de

0-N

1-1de0-N

1-N

de

0-N

1-1

de 0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

0-1

de

0-366

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

1-1

1-1

de

0-N

0-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

1-1

de

0-N

0-1

derniere inscription univ

1-1

0-N

de

0-N

0-1

dans

0-N

0-1

dans

0-3

1-Nconcerne

0-N

0-1compose

0-N

0-N

assistant-TP

0-N

0-N assistant-cours

1-1

1-2

adresse

P

P

T

P

UNIVERSITE

UNITE

TYPE_HUMANITE

SESSIONROLE

PROG_ECHANGE

PAYS

MOUVEMENT_COMPTABLE

MEMOIRE

LOCALITE

INSCRIPTION-COURS

FUNDP

FRAIS D'INSCRIPTION

FACULTE

EXTERNE

ETUDIANT

ETUDE_SUPERIEURE

ETUDE UNIVERSITAIRE

ETABLISSEMENT

ENSEIGNANT

DOCUMENT RECU

DOCUMENT EMIS

DOCUMENT

DEPARTEMENT

DELIBERATION

COURS-TYPE

COURS-EXCEPT

COURS

COMPTE_ETUDIANT

COMPTE

COMMUNE

CLASSE-TYPE

CLASSE

CALENDRIER

AUTRE_COMPTE

ANNEE_ACADEMIQUE

ADRESSE

ADMINISTRATIF

ACTIVITE POST SECONDAIRE

1-1

0-N

R_99

1-1

0-N

R_98

1-1

0-N

R_97

1-1

0-N

R_96

1-1

0-N

R_95

1-1

0-N

R_94 1-1

0-N

R_93

1-1

0-N

R_92

1-1

0-N

R_91

1-1

0-N

R_90

1-1

0-N

R_9

1-1

0-N

R_891-1

0-N

R_88

1-1

0-N

R_87

1-1

0-N

R_86

1-1

0-N

R_85

1-1

0-N

R_84 1-1

0-N

R_83

1-1

0-N

R_82

1-1

0-N

R_81

1-1

0-N

R_80

1-1

0-N

R_8

1-1

0-N

R_79

1-1

0-N

R_78

1-1

0-N

R_77

1-1

0-N

R_76

1-1

0-N

R_75

1-1

0-N

R_74

1-1

0-N

R_73

1-1

0-N

R_72

1-1

0-N

R_71

1-1

0-N

R_70

1-1

0-N

R_7

1-1

0-N R_69

1-1

0-N

R_68

1-1

0-N

R_67

1-1

0-N

R_66

1-1

0-N

R_65

1-1

0-N

R_64

1-1

0-N

R_63

1-1

0-N

R_62

1-1

0-N

R_61

1-1

0-N

R_60

1-1

0-N

R_6

1-1

0-N

R_59

1-1

0-N

R_581-1

0-N

R_57

1-1 0-N

R_56

1-1

0-N

R_55

1-1

0-N

R_54

1-1

0-N

R_53

1-1

0-N

R_52

1-1

0-N

R_51

1-1

0-N

R_50

1-1

0-NR_5

1-1

0-N

R_49

1-1

0-N

R_48

1-1

0-N

R_47

1-1

0-N

R_46

1-1

0-N

R_45

1-1

0-N

R_44

1-1

0-N

R_43

1-1

0-N

R_42

1-1

0-N

R_41

1-1

0-N

R_40

1-1

0-NR_4

1-1

0-N R_39

1-1

0-N

R_38

1-1

0-N

R_37

1-1

0-N

R_36

1-1

0-N

R_35

1-1

0-N

R_34

1-10-N

R_33

1-1

0-N

R_32

1-1

0-N

R_31

1-1

0-N

R_30

1-1

0-N

R_3

1-1

0-N

R_29

1-1

0-N

R_28

1-1

0-N

R_27

1-1 0-N

R_26

1-1

0-N

R_25

1-1

0-N

R_24

1-1

0-N

R_23

1-1

0-N

R_22

1-1

0-N

R_21

1-1

0-N

R_20

1-1

0-N

R_2

1-1

0-N

R_19

1-10-N

R_18

1-1

0-N

R_17

1-1

0-N R_16

1-1

0-N

R_15

1-1

0-N

R_14

1-1

0-N

R_13

1-1

0-NR_12

1-1

0-N

R_111

1-1

0-N

R_110

1-1

0-N

R_11

1-1

0-N

R_109

1-1

0-N R_108

1-1

0-N

R_107

1-10-N

R_106

1-1

0-N

R_105

1-1

0-N

R_104

1-1

0-NR_103

1-1

0-N

R_102

1-1

0-N

R_101

1-1

0-N

R_100

1-1

0-N

R_10

1-1

0-N

R_1

1-1

0-N

R

ENTITY_9

ENTITY_8

ENTITY_7

ENTITY_6

ENTITY_5

ENTITY_47

ENTITY_46

ENTITY_45

ENTITY_44

ENTITY_43

ENTITY_42

ENTITY_41

ENTITY_40

ENTITY_4

ENTITY_39

ENTITY_38

ENTITY_37

ENTITY_36

ENTITY_35

ENTITY_34

ENTITY_33

ENTITY_32

ENTITY_31

ENTITY_30

ENTITY_3

ENTITY_29 ENTITY_28

ENTITY_27

ENTITY_26

ENTITY_25

ENTITY_24

ENTITY_23

ENTITY_22

ENTITY_21

ENTITY_20

ENTITY_2

ENTITY_19

ENTITY_18

ENTITY_17

ENTITY_16

ENTITY_15

ENTITY_14ENTITY_13

ENTITY_12

ENTITY_11

ENTITY_10

ENTITY_1ENTITY

Artificial diagram Real ER diagram


Experimental Evaluation> On real diagrams

Top-5: FM A (after 2 different initial placements)

0-N

0-N

0-Nsupplies

0-N

0-N

Stock Movement

replaces

0-1

replacedBy

0-1replacement

0-N

0-N

POSITIONS/ACTIVITIES/MONTHS

0-N

0-N

0-N

path Calculation

0-N

1-N

Operator

0-N

1-1description

0-1

describes

0-NNotice

0-N

0-N

Max Weight/Channel

0-N

0-N

0-N

follow-up activity

Bonus

0-N

0-N

0-N

EARLY BIRD

0-N

0-N

DefaultCost

partOf

0-N

0-Ndecomposition

origin

0-N

destination

0-NCustoms costs

0-N

0-N

country language

0-N

1-1

cn/pay

0-N

0-N

0-N

channelCalculation

0-N

0-N

accumulated movements

State of Progress

SectorOfActivity

Item

Country

Channel

0-N

0-N

0-N

supplies

0-N

0-N

Stock Movement

replaces

0-1

replacedBy

0-1replacement

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

0-N

path Calculation

0-N

1-N

Operator 0-N1-1description

0-1

describes

0-NNotice

0-N

0-N

Max Weight/Channel0-N

0-N

0-N

follow-up activity

Bonus

0-N

0-N

0-N

EARLY BIRD

0-N

0-N

DefaultCost

partOf

0-N

0-Ndecomposition

origin

0-N

destination

0-NCustoms costs

0-N

0-N

country language

0-N

1-1

cn/pay 0-N

0-N

0-N

channelCalculation

0-N

0-N


State of Progress

SectorOfActivity

ItemCountry

Channel



Top-5: FM B

0-N

0-N

0-N

supplies

0-N

0-N

Stock Movement

replaces

0-1

replacedBy

0-1

replacement0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

0-N

path Calculation

0-N

1-N

Operator

0-N

1-1

description

0-1

describes

0-NNotice

0-N

0-N

Max Weight/Channel

0-N

0-N

0-N

follow-up activity

Bonus

0-N

0-N

0-N

EARLY BIRD

0-N

0-N

DefaultCost

partOf

0-N0-N

decomposition

origin

0-N

destination

0-N

Customs costs

0-N

0-N

country language

0-N

1-1

cn/pay

0-N

0-N

0-N

channelCalculation

0-N

0-N


State of Progress

SectorOfActivity

Item

Country

Channel



Top-11: FM B (dense diagram)

Solutions:

• Play with the configuration parameters

– local density-based configuration of parameters (future research)

• or just scale up the entire diagram

0-N

0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

SUIVI DES TOPS CLIENT 0-N

0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

0-N

0-N

0-NSUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

rιexpιdition colis

est remplace

0-1

remplace

0-1Remplacement

date dιbut de validitι

0-N


0-N

0-N remise fin annιe fournisseur

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondιration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N

1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N

0-N

0-N


0-N

1-1

pays du fournisseur

0-N

1-1

pays de la devise0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine dιcrire

0-N

description

0-1

1-1

0-N

0-N Notice

0-N

0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N

0-NDate de depot

1-1LOT

1-1

0-N

LIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N

0-NFRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-N

pays d'origine

0-NFRAIS DE DOUANE

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/pays

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

0-NCadeau associι

0-N

EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-N


0-Ndιcomposition d'un ensemble

0-N

0-N

dte/pay1-1

0-N

Document par langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-1

0-N

cn/suicol

1-1

0-N

cn/pay

1-1

0-N

cd/suicol

0-1

0-Ncd/eta1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande

0-N

0-N

0-Ncalcul goulotte

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul canal

1-10-Natvsec/cd

0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

1-N

artref/douref

1-N

0-N

artref/atvsec

0-N

1-1

artref/artvpc

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0-N

0-NALIMENTER

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achfrn/lan

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Top-11: FM B (dense diagram)

0-N

0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

0-N

0-N

0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N

STAT FOURNISSEUR MENSUELLES0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


est remplace

0-1

remplace

0-1Remplacement


0-N


0-N

0-N remise fin annιe fournisseur

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondιration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N

1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N

0-N

0-N


0-N

1-1

pays du fournisseur

0-N

1-1

pays de la devise

0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine

dιcrire

0-N

description

0-1

1-1

0-N

0-N Notice

0-N

0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N

0-NDate de depot

1-1

LOT

1-1

0-N

LIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N

0-N

FRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-N

pays d'origine

0-NFRAIS DE DOUANE

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/pays

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

0-N

Cadeau associι

0-N

EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-N



0-N

0-N

dte/pay 1-1

0-N

Document par langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-1

0-N

cn/suicol

1-1

0-N

cn/pay

1-1

0-N

cd/suicol

0-1

0-N

cd/eta

1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul goulotte

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul canal

1-1

0-N

atvsec/cd

0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

1-N

artref/douref

1-N

0-N

artref/atvsec

0-N

1-1

artref/artvpc

0-N

0-N

0-N

0-N

ALIMENTER

1-1

0-N

achfrn/lan

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Less stiff springs Higher electrical repulsion

0-N

0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

0-N

0-N

0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


est remplace

0-1

remplace

0-1Remplacement


0-N


0-N

0-Nremise fin annιe fournisseur

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondιration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal 0-N

1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N

0-N

0-N


0-N 1-1pays du fournisseur0-N 1-1pays de la devise

0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine

dιcrire

0-N

description

0-1

1-1

0-N

0-N Notice

0-N

0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N

0-N

Date de depot

1-1

LOT

1-1

0-N

LIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N

0-NFRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-N

pays d'origine

0-NFRAIS DE DOUANE 1-10-N fournisseur/pays

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N

0-N

Cadeau associι

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EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-N



0-N

0-N

dte/pay

1-10-N

Document par langue

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0-N


0-N

0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-1

0-N

cn/suicol

1-1

0-N

cn/pay

1-1

0-Ncd/suicol

0-1

0-N

cd/eta

1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande

0-N

0-N0-N

calcul goulotte

0-N0-N

0-N

calcul canal1-1

0-N

atvsec/cd 0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

1-N

artref/douref

1-N

0-N

artref/atvsec

0-N

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0-N

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ALIMENTER

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0-N

achfrn/lan

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Top-11: After manual rectification/beautification

0-N0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N


0-N0-N


0-N0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

0-N

0-N 0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


est remplace

0-1

remplace

0-1

Remplacement


0-N


0-N

0-N

remise fin annιe fournisseur

0-N 0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondιration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N0-N

0-N


0-N

1-1

pays du fournisseur

0-N

1-1

pays de la devise

0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine

dιcrire

0-N

description

0-1

1-1

0-N

0-N

Notice

0-N0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N0-N

Date de depot

1-1

LOT

1-10-N

LIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N

0-N

FRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-Npays d'origine

0-N

FRAIS DE DOUANE

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/pays1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N0-N


0-N0-N

0-N

Cadeau associι

0-N

EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-N


0-N

dιcomposition d'un ensemble

0-N

0-N

dte/pay

1-1

0-N

Document par langue

0-N

0-N


0-N0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-10-N

cn/suicol

1-10-Ncn/pay

1-1

0-N

cd/suicol

0-1 0-Ncd/eta

1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande

0-N

0-N

0-N

calcul goulotte

0-N

0-N0-N

calcul canal

1-1

0-N

atvsec/cd

0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

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artref/douref

1-N0-N artref/atvsec 0-N 1-1artref/artvpc

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achfrn/lanSECTEUR ACTIVITE

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Extending the CASE tool DB-MAINwith a semiautomatic conceptual drawing approach

select

move nail unnail collapse draw Drawing algorithms

Semantic-based

selection algorithms

manual

...


Concluding Remarks

0-N0-N

SUIVRE LE DOSSIER

1-N

0-N

SUIVI OPERATRICE

0-N

0-N


0-N0-N


0-N0-N

1-1

SUIVI COMMANDES

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0-N 0-N

SUIVI ACTIVITE

1-N

1-N


0-N

0-N


0-N

0-N


est remplace

0-1

remplace

0-1

Remplacement


0-N


0-N

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remise fin annιe fournisseur

0-N 0-N


0-N

0-N

POS-DTE

0-N

1-N

pondιration

0-N

0-N

Poids max/canal

0-N1-N

PAYS LANGUE

0-N0-N

0-N


0-N

1-1

pays du fournisseur

0-N

1-1

pays de la devise

0-1

0-N

Pays d'origine

dιcrire

0-N

description

0-1

1-1

0-N

0-N

Notice

0-N0-N

Mouvement de stock

0-N0-N

Date de depot

1-1

LOT

1-10-N

LIVRAISON COLIS

1-N

1-1

HISTORIQUE COLIS

0-N

0-N

FRAIS PAR DEFAUT

pays destination

0-Npays d'origine

0-N

FRAIS DE DOUANE

1-1

0-N

fournisseur/pays1-1

0-N

fournisseur/langue

0-N0-N


0-N0-N

0-N

Cadeau associι

0-N

EARLY BIRD

article vpc piθce

0-N


0-N

dιcomposition d'un ensemble

0-N

0-N

dte/pay

1-1

0-N

Document par langue

0-N

0-N


0-N0-N

Composition

0-N

0-N

colcom/suicol

0-N

1-1

col/eta

1-10-N

cn/suicol

1-10-Ncn/pay

1-1

0-N

cd/suicol

0-1 0-Ncd/eta

1-1

0-N

Canal livraison

1-1

0-N

Canal commande

0-N

0-N

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calcul goulotte

0-N

0-N0-N

calcul canal

1-1

0-N

atvsec/cd

0-N

0-1

artvpc/frn

0-N

1-N

artref/tva

0-N

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artref/douref

1-N0-N artref/atvsec 0-N 1-1artref/artvpc

0-N

0-N

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ALIMENTER

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achfrn/lanSECTEUR ACTIVITE

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10 minutes


How to Tame a Very Large ER Diagram (using Link Analysis and Force-Directed Placement Algorithms)

Concluding Remarks• The diagrams of large schemas are very difficult to understand and visualize

• Top-k diagrams that are derived by (B)EntityRank can aid the understanding, the visualization, and the drawing of such diagrams.

• The experiments on real diagrams were successful.

• We can draw top-k diagrams successfully (for small k)

Further research

• Ranking

– BEntityRank and User Feedback

– Test Collections for Evaluations

– Take into account multiplicity constraints?

• Drawing

– Local-Density Adaptation (EntityRank scores might help)

Moving on Design - csd.uoc.grhy351/2005/downloads/Lectures/W12... · Moving on Design Design...

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Transcript of Moving on Design - csd.uoc.grhy351/2005/downloads/Lectures/W12... · Moving on Design Design...