MOVING FROM RELIEF TO RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY

MOVING FROM RELIEF

TO RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY

UNDP PROJECT BRIEFS IN SUPPORT OF ERRA-UN EARLY RECOVERY PLAN

MAY 2006


CONTENTS

Page No.

Abbreviations

1. Introduction

1.1 1.2

2.1

3.1 3.2

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5

(TAMEE3.2.6 3.2.7

Governance 3 Community Based Livelihoods Recovery 3

1.3 Environmental Recovery 4 1.4 Disaster Risk Reduction 4 1.5 Conclusion 4 2. Early Recovery Plan Project Briefs

Project Summary Table 6 2.2 Project Briefs

2.2.1 Building Enabling Governance and Institutions for Earthquake Response (BEGIN-ER)

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2.2.2 Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early Recovery (TAMEER)

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2.2.3 Capacity Development for Aid Coordination 11 2.2.4 Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Programme 13 2.2.5 Recycling of Rubble in Earthquake Affected Areas with Community

Mobilization and Participation 15

2.2.6 Environmental Recovery Programme for the Earthquake Affected Areas 17 2.2.7 Strengthening Pakistan’s Disaster Management Capacity at the National,

Provincial and Local Levels 19

3. Appendix: Earthquake Response Progress Update - April 2006

Introduction 21 Project Overviews

Emergency Shelter 22 Transitional Housing 22 Heating and Cooking Energy 23 Rubble Removal and Cash for Work 23 Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early Recovery

R) 24

Capacity Development for Aid Coordination 24 Support to Volunteerism 25

3.3 Resource Mobilization Summary Table 26

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Abbreviations

AJK Azad Jammu Kashmir BEGIN-ER Building Enabling Governance and Institutions for Earthquake

Response CBDM Community Based Disaster Management CBO Community Based Organization DAD Development Assistance Database EAD Economic Affairs Division ERP Early Recovery Plan ERRA Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority FAO Food and Agriculture Organization ILO International Labour Organization NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDMC National Disaster Management Commission NGO Non Governmental Organization NWFP North West Frontier Province OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs TAMEER Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early

Recovery UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services

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1. INTRODUCTION The relief related response to the 8 October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan has been acclaimed internationally as a success, avoiding the much feared second wave of death and exodus of affected communities to the cities. To facilitate a smooth transition from relief to recovery, United Nations and Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA) have jointly prepared an Early Recovery Plan (ERP). The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is seeking support for priority initiatives included in this plan that are critical to the transition from relief to rehabilitation and recovery. As the lead UN agency for early recovery and reconstruction in Pakistan, UNDP will play a central role in the implementation of the ERRA-UN plan, particularly in the livelihoods, governance and disaster risk reduction sectors. The projects proposed by UNDP and included in the UN-ERRA ERP have been prepared after close consultation with the stakeholders at all levels. The design of the proposed projects ensures synergy and complimentarity between the projects as well as other initiatives proposed and implemented by other agencies. The following project briefs, totaling US$ 23.78 for the first year and US $99.59 million over a period of three years, describe opportunities for the donors to support early recovery activities in both the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) in the following sectors: 1.1 Governance Restoring and strengthening local government capacities is a prerequisite to successful rehabilitation and reconstruction. UNDP has designed three initiatives, one in support of local government institutions while the other two supporting the Government’s capacity to coordinate recovery and reconstruction efforts. The first initiative will aim at developing capacities to plan and implement early recovery activities using a transparent, equitable and participatory process; and to engage and mobilize all partners, including affected citizens and communities to design, implement and monitor local rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes. This project will especially focus on the most vulnerable population in the remote areas that are difficult to access. The second initiative will aim at strengthening the institutional and programmatic capacity of ERRA by supporting the establishment of planning, tracking and monitoring systems for recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation in AJK and NWFP. This project shall support ERRA to effectively achieve its primary task to orchestrate the reconstruction and rehabilitation for the affected areas. The third initiative will provide capacity development for aid coordination to support coherent aid management, and promote accountability and transparency in the use of external resources. This initiative has two projects, one will focus on building Government’s capacity for aid management through the establishment of an information management system within the Economic Affairs Division (EAD), Ministry of Finance. The other project will strengthen an integrated UN Resident Coordinator’s office to provide long-term strategic planning and development process in line with existing development assistance frameworks, including the Millennium Development Goals. 1.2 Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Income generation planning and sustainable interventions are critical to reverse the decline in the standard of living and dependency on relief aid following the earthquake. The proposed initiative seeks to revitalize and strengthen community organizations to

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ensure effective participation of affected people in planning, execution and monitoring of livelihoods recovery activities; restore and strengthen the capacity of line departments and civil society organizations to enable them to be active partners in local development; restore income generation activities of affected population especially the vulnerable groups through skills enhancement; revive the agriculture sector; provide food security; mitigate environmental effects of the earthquake, and support construction or rehabilitation of community infrastructures. 1.3 Environmental Recovery The environmental challenges in the aftermath of the earthquake are related to both the natural habitat now exposed to an unprecedented demand on natural resources for survival and reconstruction and the built environment laden with a large volume of highly sodic rubble with buried hazardous waste. This predicament poses a serious environmental and human threat. The fledgling capacity of the formal environmental conservation institutions responsible for impact assessment and monitoring has also come under tremendous pressure. UNDP proposes two projects to initiate activities in three areas of concentration: Solid waste management including debris recycling, soil stabilization and natural resource management, and capacity strengthening for environmental management. 1.4 Disaster Risk Reduction Disasters impede sustainable development – thus, the integration of disaster risk reduction into development strategies will compliment efforts in poverty reduction, rural and urban livelihoods, education, environment, equality, health services, local governance, political or policy advocacy, empowerment of women and the disfranchised, improvement of the quality of life and humanitarian assistance. The October 2005 earthquake exposed Pakistan’s vulnerability to natural disasters and accentuated the need for preparedness. UNDP has developed two projects that shall create processes for reduction of the underlying risk factors with resolutions mainstreamed in the development planning framework in addition to institutional strengthening for the National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) and the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). The projects will also support creation of similar mechanisms at provincial, regional, district and local levels, training programmes for capacity development of the stakeholders concerned and development of disaster preparedness plans at local and national levels. 1.5 Conclusion The Government of Pakistan, the global humanitarian and donor community and the communities affected by the October 2005 earthquake have faced challenges of colossal proportions during the relief phase. The disaster response was made possible with the coordinated efforts of all parties concerned. UNDP has already played an important role during the relief phase, focusing its efforts on meeting the most urgent needs of the displaced populations and on developing the Government’s capacity to manage the national and international response. The combination of rapidly deteriorating weather conditions, extraordinary logistical challenges in reaching hundreds of thousands of people scattered in mountainous areas, and the shortage of winterized shelter were overcome during the relief phase. Highlights of the UNDP response include:

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The provision of winterized tents to well over 12,000 affected families; The delivery of 581,283 iron roofing sheets as well as toolkits to assist with the

construction of transitional shelters for nearly 34,500 families; Provided grants to IOM and non-governmental organizations that created

transitional shelters for nearly 18,801 families; The provision of heating and cooking facilities to 48,000 affected families,

establishment of 52 community kitchens and heating equipment and fuel to 100 basic health units, 80 UNICEF child protection centers and other medical facilities;

The removal of over 554,030 cubic meters of rubble through cash-for-work and mechanized processes in concert with UNOPS;

The establishment and customization of a Government-owned Development Assistance Database (www.dadpak.org) to support aid coordination.

The focus of efforts is now shifting from saving lives to helping survivors rebuild their homes, livelihoods and communities. Much of the groundwork has already been done to manage this transition effectively. The challenges to be faced in the reconstruction and recovery phase by all stakeholders are still daunting and urgent. Timely support and assistance to meet the first year funding gap of US$ 10.4 million and three-year gap of US$ 77.11 million is required. UNDP has a history of established and close relations with the Government of Pakistan as well as excellent partnerships with donors and the civil society. UNDP looks forward to continuing the same working relation to ensure that affected population is assisted in their efforts to return to self-sufficiency and reduce vulnerability to future natural disaster risks.

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http://www.dadpak.org/


2. UNDP EARTHQUAKE EARLY RECOVER PLAN PROJECT BRIEFS

2.1 Project Summary Table US$ Million

Year 1 Total PROJECT TITLE Required Available Gap Required Available Gap

Building Enabling Governance and Institutions for Earthquake Response (BEGIN-ER)

2.5 2.5 - 12 3.34 8.66

Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early Recovery (TAMEER)

1.1 1.1 - 2.6 1.2 1.4

Capacity Development for Aid Coordination: • Development Assistance

Database • Recovery Coordination

Support to the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office

1.95 1.75 0.2 2.64 1.75 0.89

Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Programme for Earthquake Affected Areas of AJK and NWFP

4.28 4.28 - 29.8 12.44 17.36

Recycling of Rubble in Earthquake Affected Areas with Community Mobilization and Participation

3 - 3 12 - 12

Environmental Recovery Programme for the Earthquake Affected Areas of AJK and NWFP

3.6 1 2.6 20 1 19

Disaster Risk Reduction: • Strengthening Pakistan’s

Disaster Management Capacity at the National, Provincial and Local Levels

• Strengthening Community Based Disaster Management Capacities

7.35 2.75 4.6 20.55 2.75 17.8

Total 23.78 13.38 10.4 99.59 22.48 77.11

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2.2 Project Briefs 2.2.1 Building Enabling Governance and Institutions for Earthquake Response

(BEGIN – ER)

C Tarcbnrs Ti

T Tipr UG

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 12 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/GD/001 Beneficiaries : AJK and NWFP government Project Execution : UNDP in partnership with AJK and NWFP governments

ontext

he 8 October 2005 earthquake caused extensive damage to public infrastructure and civil dministration including loss of life, office buildings, records and equipment in the affected egions. The need to restore government capacity at local levels for planning, oordination, implementation and monitoring is essential. Mechanisms and systems should e instituted for expedient recourse to citizens’ feedback and complaints. There is also a eed to improve coordination among the various agencies involved in emergency esponse as well as early recovery and to enhance relief and reconstruction efforts by trengthening transparency and dissemination of information.

he objectives of the BEGIN-ER project in 156 Union Councils in both AJK and NWFP nclude:

o Enable local government institutions to return to operational efficiency including the technical capacities to plan and implement disaster response activities using a transparent, equitable and participatory process;

o Engage and mobilize all the partners, including affected citizens and communities. This initiative will especially focus on the most vulnerable population in the remote areas who are difficult to access; and

o Design, implement and monitor local initiatives prioritized for reconstruction and rehabilitation.

he Way Forward

he BEGIN-ER project will concentrate efforts to strengthen aptitudes of local authorities n rural and urban areas in planning and management of development activities, including ublic service delivery while raising public awareness about reconstruction and ehabilitation.

NDP has provided US$ 3,149,977 for the implementation of the project while overnment of Germany has provided US$ 194,151.

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Activities

o Restore damaged capacity of local government offices at district, tehsil and union council levels, through quick provision of temporary structure and equipment.

o Develop the capacity of local government officials and elected representatives to play an effective role in coordination, planning and monitoring disaster response.

o Provide access to Development Assistance Database (DAD) information and reports for all partners, including local governments, civil society, media and private sector.

o Establish community based citizens’ information and feedback mechanisms. Project Costs The total cost for the three-year project is US$ 12 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Building Enabling Governance and Institutions for Earthquake Response (BEGIN-ER)

2.5 2.5 5.5 0.84 4 0

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2.2.2 Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early Recovery (TAMEER)

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 2.6 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/GD/002 Beneficiaries : Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority, Construction

engineers and skilled craftsmen Project Execution : UNDP in partnership with ERRA and UN-Habitat

Context The Government of Pakistan has established the Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA) for managing reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts following the 8 October 2005 earthquake. This Authority needs capacity building support to fulfill its mandate. UNDP was the first organization to provide both operational and technical support to ERRA, and shall continue to contribute to the development of its institutional and programmatic capability. Two central objectives of TAMEER are:

o Strengthen ERRA’s institutional and programmatic capacity by establishing mechanisms and systems in relation to planning, tracking and monitoring recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation activities in AJK and NWFP;

o Provide technical assistance on key areas, e.g., mitigation of disaster risk through the use of building codes and adoption of earthquake resistant building techniques.

The Way Forward The TAMEER project shall support ERRA to function smoothly in the attainment of its primary task to orchestrate the reconstruction and rehabilitation plan for the affected areas of AJK and NWFP. The project will be executed by UNDP in cooperation with ERRA and UN-Habitat. Germany has provided US$ 500,000 for the implementation of the project with an additional US$ 500,000 from UNDP for housing reconstruction and urban re-planning support to ERRA by UN-Habitat. USAID has also agreed to provide US$ 0.2 million to this project. Specific activities to be undertaken include:

o Assisting ERRA in defining its organizational structure, its need for expertise and its standard operating procedures.

o Assisting in preparation of rehabilitation and reconstruction plans and establishment of systems for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of these plans.

o Establishing coordination and decision-making mechanisms among the Government, the international community and the civil society.

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Project Costs The total cost for the three-year project is US$ 2.6 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Technical Assistance for the Management of Earthquake Early Recovery (TAMEER)

1.1 1.1 0.5 0.1 1.0 0

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2.2.3 Capacity Development for Aid Coordination

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 2.64 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/GD/006 and PAK/CS/009 Beneficiaries : Economic Affairs Division, ERRA, Governments of NWFP and AJK. Project Execution : UNDP in collaboration with EAD, ERRA, Governments of NWFP and AJK

Context The unprecedented relief, recovery and reconstruction needs resulting from the October 8 2005 earthquake in Pakistan have resulted in greatly increased international support, with recorded pledges now in excess of US$ 6.4 billion. Pakistan’s management, planning and aid coordination systems are therefore facing a huge growth in the volume of assistance being received and the number of organizations requiring coordination around the priorities articulated by Government. This has also resulted in increased pressure on the coordination related capacity of the UN system in Pakistan. Two specific initiatives have been designed to cater to this issue, Development Assistance Database and Recovery Coordination Support to the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office. The Development Assistance Database project will deliver a package of support for aid management. It comprises of a capacity development component, including technical support and training, and an information management system – the Development Assistance Database (DAD), established online and maintained by the Economic Affairs Division (EAD) at the Ministry of Finance. The capacity of the focal point of Recovery Coordination, i.e., the Resident Coordinator’s office will be supported by bolstering its human resources related capacity with increased support from UN agencies, mainly UNDP. As OCHA, the main coordination player during the relief phase, is winding down its presence, its coordination functions are gradually being transferred directly to the government and to the integrated UN Resident Coordinator’s office. UNDP will be entrusted with the additional responsibility in coordinating and managing recovery aid flows, and to support ERRA in ensuring alignment with government priorities. The primary objectives of the aid coordination initiative are to:

o Support coherent aid management, in particular for earthquake response. o Promote accountability and transparency in the use of external resources. o Build the Government’s capacity for aid management. o Strengthen an integrated Resident Coordinator’s Office for efficient Recovery

Coordination.

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The Way Forward The Capacity Development for Aid Coordination initiative is seeking to enhance the Government’s capacity for aid coordination while also operationalizing the Development Assistance Database. Specific activities include:

o Reinforcing the existing cadre of coordination officers; providing aid management training to new staff; and providing an experienced international adviser to support the Government team in mentoring and training additional national professionals.

o The online DAD system, designed to specifications identified by the Government and maintained by EAD, requires support for maintaining/operating the system. The DAD will record all projects including financial data and implementation status.

The Recovery Coordination Support to the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office initiative aims at providing appropriate human resource capacity for recovery coordination. The project will maintain a minimum level of field presence to strengthen local authorities’ capacities for coordination and will also ensure that adequate coordination services continue to be provided at Islamabad and field levels. The project will strengthen an integrated UN Resident Coordinator’s office to provide long-term strategic planning and development process in line with existing development assistance frameworks, including the Millennium Development Goals. Project Costs The total cost for the 36 month project is US$ 2.64 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Capacity Development for Aid Coordination Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Development Assistance Database 1.45 1.45 0 0 0 0

Recovery Coordination Support to the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office

0.5 0.3 0.19 0 0.5 0

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2.2.4 Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Programme For Earthquake Affected Areas of AJK and NWFP

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 29.8 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/LH/014 Beneficiaries : Earthquake affected communities in rural areas of AJK/NWFP. Project Execution : UNDP in partnership with NWFP and AJK Governments, local

authorities, FAO, ILO, UNIDO, NGOs and CBOs

Context The 8 October 2005 earthquake played havoc with the production bases of the local population, destroying the wage based as well as natural resource based livelihoods in both rural and urban areas of the affected region. The project aims to support immediate and mid-term livelihoods recovery of the vulnerable population in the earthquake-affected areas of NWFP and AJK. The objectives of the Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Programme based in Balakot and Muzaffarabad tehsils include:

o Revitalize and strengthen community organizations to ensure participation of affected people in planning, execution and monitoring of livelihoods recovery activities

o Restore and strengthen the capacity of line departments and civil society organizations to enable them to be active partners in local development

o Restore income generation activities of affected population especially the vulnerable groups through skills enhancement

o Revive agriculture sector, provide food security and mitigate environmental effects of the earthquake

o Support construction or rehabilitation of community infrastructure related to livelihoods recovery and economic development

The Way Forward The means to restore livelihoods with enhanced income earning and improved living conditions in the two target areas will be dependent on focusing specific activities to local needs. These activities include:

o Strengthening of existing or formation of new community organizations through social mobilization and capacity building;

o Restoring the capacity of local stakeholders through training for improved service delivery and community interaction;

o Training community members in reconstruction and other off-farm sectors along with support to the emergency employment information and the development of a Market Information System;

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o Promoting high yielding varieties of crops and establishing seed villages for demonstration and dissemination. Demonstrating fertilizer usage for increased productivity, distributing poultry units among women, and establishing fish farms and fruit nurseries;

o Conserving the local forest through promotion of high performing species of forest plants, training of communities in forest management, demonstration of solar water geysers and solar lamps as alternate sources of energy; and

o Rehabilitating or constructing check dams for water harvesting, water storage tanks, animal drinking water ponds, field terracing, stone protection walls, water channels, link roads, small hydal power projects, water supply schemes and other needs based micro infrastructures.

Project Costs The total cost for the three-year project is US$ 29.8 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Community Based Livelihoods Recovery Programme 4.28 4.28 10 4 15.52 4.16

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2.2.5 Recycling of Rubble in Earthquake Affected Areas with Community Mobilization and Participation

Duration : 24 months Proposed Budget : US$ 12 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/LH/001 Beneficiaries : ERRA, Government of AJK, Government of Pakistan. Project Execution : UNDP in collaboration with ERRA, State and District Authorities in AJK

Context The 8 October 2005 earthquake destroyed most of the buildings, cities, towns and villages which even turned into mounds of rubble in the severely affected areas. Standing buildings were also unsafe for occupation due to severe structural damages and therefore required demolishing. Bilateral donors contributed to a US$ 5 million relief initiative that focused on rapid clearing and recycling of rubble on public land in urban and village centers, to enable subsequent reconstruction of governmental building facilities. In addition to cleaning up, the initial project aimed towards recovering as much construction material as possible, to have it readily available for the subsequent reconstruction effort. Furthermore, the cash for work component had been built into the project, with the purpose of restoring livelihoods. During the relief phase, UNDP in partnership with UNOPS, contributed to the removal of over 554,030 cubic meters of rubble in over 1,448 sites through cash-for-work and mechanized processes. Priority was given to the removal of debris from educational and health facilities. The new initiative seeks to continue with the recycling process in Muzaffarabad where extensive work shall be required to return the city/district into a more secure environment for residents and returnees. The objectives for this continued effort include:

o Removing and recycling rubble and debris from the public buildings in the Muzaffarabad district (AJK), while adopting a combination of heavy machinery and labor based approaches;

o Preparing sites for reconstruction of new buildings; and o Undertaking the salvaging and demolition of those public buildings that are found

to be unsafe and beyond repair. The Way Forward The continuation of the recycling programme shall support the psycho-social rehabilitation of the earthquake affected population by removing the rubble that is a constant reminder of death and destruction. Public building sites will become available for reconstruction and occupancy and local labor shall continue to be employed to generate livelihoods to needy households.

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Activities to be initiated include:

o Selection and preparations of sites and finalization of detailed implementation plan. o Demolishing all buildings in the target area which have been declared unsafe for

rehabilitation and unsuitable for repairs or retrofitting. o Securing and salvaging as much material as possible from the buildings before

demolition. o Removing rubble and debris and sorting into recyclable sub-categories. o Storing and disposing of materials in a safe and environmentally acceptable

manner. Project Costs The total cost for the 24 month project is US$ 12 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Recycling of Rubble in Earthquake Affected Areas with Community Mobilization and Participation

3.0 0 5.0 0 4 0

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2.2.6 Environmental Recovery Programme for the Earthquake Affected Areas of AJK and NWFP

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 20 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/LH/023 Beneficiaries : AJK/NWFP residents and government Project Execution : UNDP, UNEP, the Ministry of Environment, AJK and NWFP

Governments, ERRA, NGOs and communities

Context The area affected by the earthquake covers approximately 30,000 square kilometers of upper mountain catchments of the Indus River and its major tributaries, including the Neelum, Jhelum and Kunhar Rivers. The devastating earthquake on 8 October 2005 had deep impacts on all facets of the society, economy and physical environment of the affected area. The earthquake generated massive amount of waste. There is waste from damaged buildings and infrastructure, solid and human waste from tentage villages and temporary settlements, clinical waste associated with the care of approximately 79,000 injured persons, and other hazardous materials including agro-chemicals. In addition, the earthquake has intensified the pressure on natural resources as vegetation continues to deplete for use in construction, cooking and heating, and as water is contaminated. Prior to the earthquake, deforestation and grazing were contributing to the ongoing degradation and exploitation of natural resources. This has increased to the vulnerability of slopes already destabilized by seismic activity and likely to increase the occurrence of landslides. To date, environmental initiatives include:

o Experts from UNEP/UNDP and others conducted a rapid assessment study on the environment sector for the UN Early Recovery Framework presented in the donors’ conference in Islamabad in November 2005;

o UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit with assistance from UNDP undertook a more detailed preliminary environmental assessment in early December 2005. This assessment identified environmental concerns during the early recovery period, together with medium and long term priorities for intervention; and

o Two training workshops were conducted in AJK and NWFP where public information messages on waste management have been developed.

The Way Forward The environmental challenges in the aftermath of the earthquake are related to both the natural and the built environment. The destroyed natural habitat is now exposed to an unprecedented demand on natural resources for survival and reconstruction. The alterations in terrestrial strata and exacerbation of soil degradation have created uncertainty about the future habitat of the areas. For the built environment, the volume

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of highly sodic rubble with buried hazardous waste poses a serious environmental and human threat, further deepening the waste management crisis that prevailed in the affected area prior to the earthquake. Additionally, the scarred landscape hosting the internally displaced camps will need major refurbishment once people have returned to their homes of origin. The three-year Environmental Recovery Programme for Earthquake Affected Areas proposes to initiate activities in the following three areas:

o Solid Waste Management including debris recycling; o Soil Stabilization and Natural Resource Management; and o Capacity Strengthening for Environmental Management.

Project Costs The total cost for the three year project is US$ 20 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Environmental Recovery Programme 3.6 1 7.4 0 9 0

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2.2.7 Strengthening Pakistan’s Disaster Management Capacity at the National, Provincial and Local Levels

Duration : 36 months Proposed Budget : US$ 20.55 million ERP Reference no. : PAK/GD/004 and PAK/GD/005 Project Execution : UNDP in partnership with the National Disaster Management

Authority, Provincial and District Authorities, UN Agencies, and National and International NGOs

Context The World Conference on Disaster Reduction in January 2005 in Kobe, Japan after the tsunami episode brought the leadership of the world to accept that making communities safer against a broad range of disasters that threaten their lives and livelihoods is an imperative for disaster prone nations. The October 8 2005 earthquake in Pakistan further highlighted the need for a holistic and integrated disaster management mechanism. In 2003, UNDP assisted the Government in undertaking a thorough review of the disaster management situation in the country which led to the formulation of an integrated and multi-sectoral programme entitled, “Strengthening Pakistan’s Disaster Management Capacity at the Federal, Provincial and Local Levels”. In addition to the creation of institutional mechanisms and capacity building of the stakeholders involved in disaster management, this programme incorporates strengthening the role of communities for disaster risk reduction on a long term and sustainable basis. In the aftermath of the October 8 earthquake, the Federal Government has decided to set up a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) as recommended in the aforementioned project. The NDMA would be established under full legislative cover and provinces have been requested to pass resolutions in support of this mechanism. The Provincial Governments are concurrently planning to set up Provincial, District and Local Level structures for developing synergy with the Federal mechanism. Based on the current pace of progress, National Disaster Management Authority is likely to be established by mid 2006. Three key objectives of the disaster risk reduction initiative include:

o Enhanced institutional capacity development of federal, provincial and district

government and civil society stakeholders to contemporary approaches, methods and techniques in disaster risk reduction;

o National policy, legislation and plans, informed by knowledge from a national risk analysis, adopt an all-risk approach to disaster management; and

o Effective multidisciplinary, multi-sectoral and inter-governmental disaster response and mitigation systems for all-risk reduction formulated and applied.

The Way Forward

Disaster risk reduction calls for activities that can achieve impacts including:

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o Disaster risk reduction highlighted as a national and a local priority with a strong

institutional basis for implementation; o systems and mechanisms for identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster

risks and enhancement of early warning is operational; o processes for reduction of the underlying risk factors mainstreamed in the

development planning framework; and institutions and systems for effective disaster response put in place at all levels.

$) The activities to achieve these impacts are:

o Institutional strengthening for the National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) and the NDMA.

o Supporting the creation of similar mechanisms at Provincial, Regional, District and Local levels.

o Training programmes for capacity development of the stakeholders concerned. o Development of 106 District, 6 Regional and one National Level Disaster

Preparedness Plan. o Launching and documenting of pilot community based disaster management

(CBDM) initiatives at the local level, through civil society organizations and partner UN agencies under a unified set of principles.

Project Costs The total cost for the three-year project is US $ 20.55 million. A year wise break up is given in the table below:

Disaster Risk Reduction Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Required Available Required Available Required Available Strengthening Pakistan’s Disaster Management Capacity at the Federal, Provincial and District Levels

2.85 2.75 6.5 0 6.7 0

Strengthening Community Based Disaster Management Capacities

4.5 0 0 0 0 0

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3. APPENDIX: Earthquake Response Progress Update – April 2006 Contents: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Projects Overview – as of April 2006 3.3 Resource Mobilization Summary Table 3.1 Introduction

The United Nations Development Programme responded to the 8 October 2005 earthquake by supporting the Government and international agencies in planning and coordination of relief efforts, along with providing emergency shelter through winterized tents and fulfilling other immediate priority requirements.

The priority was to provide care for the survivors. The upcoming winter was the enemy and UNDP worked extensively to assist the vulnerable population against the harsh weather. UNDP in collaboration with its partners provided material and technical support towards building transitional houses from recycled wood and corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) sheets.

Since emergency shelters were not enough against the cold weather; quilts, warm clothing for children and heaters were also distributed. Heaters were not only provided to individual households but also to hospitals, schools and communal tents. Food, another essential was provided through the establishment of community kitchens, distribution of on-site cooked food along with the provision of cooking stoves. To ensure sustainability of heating and cooking LPG fuel was provided on a continuous basis.

Along with working on relief and transitional shelter, it was important to pave the way for rebuilding the lives of the communities. UNDP employed cash-for-work labor techniques and utilized heavy equipment to remove debris and recycle rubble from public buildings, particularly educational institutions and health facilities to prepare sites for reconstruction using earthquake resistant techniques. Trainings on earthquake resistant construction techniques were imparted to local engineers, community masons, public sector workers and relevant local government staff.

UNDP shouldered the responsibility to support the Government of Pakistan and local government in their efforts to address the huge task of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. It provided institutional, programmatic, policy and planning support to ERRA, establishing an information management system for tracking donor funds and promoting volunteerism through support to the National Volunteer Movement.

A total funding of US$ 39.142 million was provided by donors and UNDP to implement the above stated projects. UNDP Pakistan, with the support of its implementing partners was successful in utilizing over 94% of the funds within the first six months, in a transparent and effective manner.

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The following pages provide an overview of the projects implemented during the relief phase and their achievements. 3.2 Project Overviews – as of April 2006 3.2.1 Emergency Shelter Goal To provide urgently needed shelter materials for the affected families

Achievements o 11,654 affected families provided winterized tents · o 8,562 affected families provided kitchen sets o 1,000 winterized tents worth US$ 500,000 provided by China through UNDP. o Shelters provided to 18,801 families through the shelter cluster in spontaneous camps and

homesteads located in Mansehra, Batagram, Balakot, Bagh, Muzaffarabad and Islamabad. Resources The programme is funded with $9.97 million and $9.95 million has been spent. The project was supported by the Governments of Germany, Norway and People’s Republic of China.

3.2.2 Transitional Housing Goal To provide urgently needed transitional shelter to the earthquake affected families and raise public awareness on earthquake resistant construction techniques and designs

Achievements o Distributed more than 581,283 Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) sheets to affected

families in NWFP (280,478) and AJK (300,805). o Assisted in the construction of more than 34,343 transitional and semi-permanent shelters

in both regions (NWFP 13,746 and AJK 20,597 o Trained 221 local engineers, 185 local contractors, 168 community masons and 97

Trainers on earthquake resistant shelters from Local Governments, Public Works Department, NGOs and Community beneficiaries.

o Provided technical assistance in designing earthquake resistant shelters. Distributed 4,994 tool kits for construction of transitional shelters (additional 30,780 tool kits also delivered).

o Distributed 171 boxes of children’s warm clothing donated by the UN Foundation. 60,000 quilts/comforters distributed among the affectees.

Resources The programme is funded with $11.7 million. The project was supported by Governments of Germany, Switzerland, New Zealand and Japan, United Nations Foundation, City Council of Weissach (Germany), UNICEF-UK and UNDP.

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3.2.3 Heating and Cooking Energy Goal To provide alternative heating and cooking energy sources to 60,000 affected people during the extreme cold weather in AJK and NWFP of Pakistan.

Achievements o 48,000 affected families provided with stand alone heating and cooking facilities o 200 patio heaters and fuel supplies for communal tents provided in Mansehra through

UNHCR o Heating equipment and fuel for 100 basic health units · 100 patio heaters to the Ministry

of Health for emergency communal hospitals distributed through WHO and CMH o Heating equipment and fuel for 12 public baths (Hammams) in Balakot o 52 community kitchens have been established, 21 in Muzaffarabad,7 in Bagh and 2 in

Mansehra. 50 kerosene heaters and fuel supplies to medical camps in Rawalakot o Heating equipment and fuel supplies to 80 UNICEF Child Protection Centers o 2,500 fire extinguishers have been provided at strategic locations. o Refilling of LPG cylinders commenced and 10,000 cylinders refilled o Arrangements are in progress to provide 9,500 cylinders and stoves to teachers through

Italian NGO’s, ISCO and Inta SOS o 150 tons of charcoal have been distributed in Mansehra, Bagh and Muzaffarabad o All communities and beneficiaries have been supported in training on fire safety and

operation of equipment. Resources The programme is funded by donors in the amount of US$ 5.7 million and US$ 4.7million has been spent or committed. The project was supported by the Governments of Sweden, Turkey, Canada, Switzerland, Finland, Italy and Norway.

3.2.4 Rubble Removal and Cash for Work Goal To remove debris and recycle rubble from public buildings in Bagh, Batagram and Mansehra and prepare sites for reconstruction of new buildings, adopting a combination of heavy machinery and labour based approaches.

Achievements

134 sites have been cleared in Garhi Habibullah, Mansehra district, 135 in Battagram and 186 in Bagh and a volume of 206,1701 cubic meters of rubble have been removed. Resources The programme is funded with donor contribution of $5 million and US$ 2.354 million has 1 According to the latest available data as of May 2006, the project has successfully cleared 554,030 cubic meters of rubble, from a total number of 1,448 sites in Battagram, Shangla, Kohistan, Mansehra and Bagh districts.

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been spent or committed2. The project is supported by Governments of Sweden and Japan. Additional funding being arranged and will be added and the project extended. 3.2.5 Technical Assistance for Management of the Earthquake Early Recovery Goal To develop both the institutional and programmatic capacity of the ERRA to enable it to carry out its mandate effectively in relation to other key governmental and non-governmental entities involved in early reconstruction phase.

Achievements o ERRA Planning Wing started its operations without delay o ERRA institutional structure defined o Sectoral planning under way o Additional support through UN Habitat planned and being added

Resources The project is funded with US$ 0.5 million donated by the Government of Germany. UNDP is in the process of adding US$ 0.5 million for support through UN Habitat to provide technical assistance to ERRA.

3.2.6 Capacity Development for Aid Coordination Goal o Establish an information management system that tracks donor assistance to Pakistan

for earthquake response o Build capacity for information analysis, management and outreach by EAD, ERRA and

the Governments of AJK and NWFP. Achievements o Development Assistance Database system customised for Pakistan is now on-line at

www.DADPak.org http://www.dadpak.org/ o DAD office operational at EAD o Staff, including database manager and three aid coordination officers on board o Focal points nominated from several donors, including UN agencies; o Training of EAD desk officers and donor focal points initiated - 25 officials from EAD

and 41 focal persons from two donor agencies trained o Training of government and donor focal points o Projects being added to the database by the focal persons of different agencies o Data correction exercise in collaboration with EAD desk officers o Recruitment of international and national staff 2 The project has achieved large progress in the month of May 2006. It is expected that by the end of May 2006, all the funds will be exhausted.

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Resources The programme is funded by UNDP at $1.45 million. 3.2.7 Support to Volunteerism Goal Promotion of volunteerism through support to National Volunteer Movement (NVM) and mobilization of national and international UNVs for earthquake response.

Achievements o Senior international advisor provided to the NVM for organizational design and human

resources strategy o UNDP/UNV has assisted NVM to organize the first consultative meeting with civil the

society on 16 November 2005. o The Prime Minister officially launched the National UNV scheme ion 6 February 2006

and the scheme is running o Six International UNVs deployed/to be deployed to various UN agencies o Six National UNVs deployed. o UNV recruitment process for NVM, WFP, UNFPA, UNICEF and other government

agencies and NGOs. Resources Total budget for 3 years (2006-2008) is $5 million. $1.2 million has been secured from the Government of Germany and UNDP. Funding gap is $3.8 million.

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3.3 Resource Mobilization Summary Table A total funding of US$ 31.47 million was provided by Donors in response to UNDP’s Flash Appeal. Detail is provided in the following table: UNDP Pakistan: Earthquake Response US $ million No. Flash Appeal

Reference no. Project Title Donor Total Funding

SAEQ-05/S/NF02 Emergency Shelter Germany 3,004,807 SAEQ-05/S/NF02 Emergency Shelter Norway 6,973,293

1

SAEQ-05/S/NF02 Emergency Shelter UNF 252,000 Sub-Total 10,230,100

SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing New Zealand

519,031

SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing Germany 3,859,649 SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing UNF 750,000 SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing UNICEF UK 88,690 SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing Switzerland 1,522,288 SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing City Council

of Wessiach (Germany)

11,862

SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing Japan 2,354,100

2

SAEQ-05/ER/102 Transitional Housing Liechtenstein 77,519 Sub-Total 9,183,139

SAEQ-05/ER/102 Rubble Removal (UNOPS) Sweden 2,354,100 3 SAEQ-05/ER/102 Rubble Removal (UNOPS) Japan 2,645,900

Sub-Total 5,000,000 SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Sweden 1,501,941 SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Turkey 500,000 SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Canada 854,700 SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Switzerland 155,000 SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Finland 1,176,470

4

SAEQ-05/S/NF06 Heating and Cooking Italy 690,611 Sub-Total 4,878,722

5 SAEQ-5/ER/103 UNV Support Germany 994,151

Sub-Total 994,151

SAEQ-05/CSS07 Recovery Coordination (ERRA) Germany 500,000 6

SAEQ-05/CSS07 Recovery Coordination (ERRA) USAID 196,219

Sub-Total 696,219 7 SAEQ-05/CSS07 Recovery Coordination (RC Support) Germany 300,000

Sub-Total 300,000

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No. Flash Appeal Reference no.

Project Title Donor Total Funding

8 SAEQ-05/ER/106 Institutional Capacity Restoration (BEGIN-ER)

Germany 194,151

Sub-Total 194,151 Grand Total, US$ million 31,476,482

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MOVING FROM RELIEF TO RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY

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